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Community Air Screening How-To Manual

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Community Air Screening How-To Manual Community Air Screening How-To Manual A Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Risk-Based Approach to Identify Priorities for Improving Outdoor Air Quality Organize Collect Analyze Mobilize EPA 744-B-04-001 Disclaimer Please note that any mention of a trade name or commercial product in this Manual does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency For additional copies of the Manual: This Manual can be downloaded from the Internet as a pdf file at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/cahp/howto.html Document title and information for requests or citing: Community Air Screening How-To Manual, A Step-by-Step Guide to Using Risk-Based Screening to Identify Priorities for Improving Outdoor Air Quality, 2004, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 744-B-04-001), Washington, DC. Permission to copy all or part of this Manual is not required. Community Air Screening How-To Manual • i ii • Community Air Screening How-To Manual INTRODUCTION The Community Air Screening How-To Manual is a resource developed to assist communities in their efforts to understand and improve local outdoor air quality. The Manual is one of a number of resources and tools that are being made available as part of the Agency's Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) program. Launched in the Fall of 2004, CARE is a program designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help communities work at the local level to address the risks from multiple sources of toxics in their environment. CARE promotes local consensus-based solutions that address risk comprehensively. The Community Air Screening How-To Manual includes information on how to develop a detailed source inventory, estimate ambient air concentrations, and use a risk-based screening process to identify priorities. The Manual also includes information on consensus building in a community which can be useful in mobilizing local resources for voluntary actions to reduce risk. The How-To Manual is based on several community-based pilot programs and is the product of broad Agency collaboration. A formal external peer review of the How-To Manual was conducted by eighteen expert reviewers representing a broad spectrum of stakeholders. The draft final of the How-To Manual is now available for public review on the EPA website at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/cahp/howto.html For more information on CARE and the many other tools and resources available to communities, visit www.epa.gov/CARE Community Air Screening How-To Manual • iii iv • Community Air Screening How-To Manual Table of Contents Part One - Overview (what everyone needs to know) Chapter 1: How to Use This Manual...........................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Getting Started ........................................................................................................... 7 Building a Partnership...............................................................................................9 Setting Goals ............................................................................................................ 21 Choosing a Plan to Meet Community Goals ......................................................... 27 Developing a Communication Plan ....................................................................... 42 Chapter 3: An Introduction to Risk-Based Screening..............................................................47 Chapter 4: Building the Emission Source Inventory ................................................................ 71 Chapter 5: Initial Screen ............................................................................................................ 93 Initial Screen Overview ........................................................................................... 94 Step 1: Estimating Concentrations ....................................................................... 101 Step 2: Setting the Screening Level and Developing Screening-Level Concentrations ........................................................................... 113 Step 3: Comparing Community Air Screening Concentrations to the Screening-Level Concentrations ........................................................................... 129 Chapter 6: Secondary Screen ................................................................................................... 131 Chapter 7: Final Screen ............................................................................................................ 147 Chapter 8: Communicating the Screening Results and Developing Recommendations ..... 157 Part Two - Technical Guidance (detailed guidance for technical teams) Chapter 9: Building the Emission Source Inventory .............................................................. 173 Chapter 10: Initial Screen .......................................................................................................... 197 Chapter 11: Secondary Screen ................................................................................................... 207 Chapter 12: Final Screen ............................................................................................................ 221 Glossary ................................................................................................................................227 Community Air Screening How-To Manual • v Appendices Appendix A: Resources for Building a Partnership, Setting Goals, and Developing a Communication Plan ............................................................................................ 233 Appendix B: Examples of Projects Communities Have Adopted to Improve Air Quality ...... 235 Appendix C: Resources for Addressing Indoor Air Exposures and Acute Outdoor Air Exposures ............................................................................................................... 237 Appendix D: Summary of Lessons Learned by the Baltimore Partnership .............................. 239 Appendix E: List of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) ............................................................. 241 Appendix F: Air Pollution and Your Health .............................................................................. 247 Appendix G: Examples of Available Risk Reduction and Pollution Prevention Programs ..... 249 Appendix H: Toxicity Values and Toxicity Sources: Background for the Collection of Information to Calculate Screening-Level Concentrations.................................255 Appendix I: Steps for Calculating a Screening-Level Concentration ...................................... 261 Appendix J: Methods for Apportioning County Data ............................................................. 263 List of Figures Figure 2-1. Outline of Options for Developing a Technical Analysis Work Plan .................... 32 Figure 3-1. Summary of Air Screening Methodology for the Community ............................. 58 Figure 3-2. Detailed Community Air Screening Methodology ................................................ 62 Figure 4-1. An Illustration of an Emission Source Inventory Database .................................. 92 Figure 9-1. Overall Procedure for Developing Emission Source Inventory .......................... 174 Figure 9-2. Template for Emission Source Inventory Database ............................................. 179 Figure 9-3. Procedure for Adding Stationary Point Source Emissions Data to the Emissions Source Inventory (when release information IS available for each individual source) .................................................................................................. 181 Figure 9-4. Microsoft Access Query Design View Screen for NEI Point Sources .................. 182 Figure 9-5. Sample Stationary Point Source Data in Emission Source Inventory Database ................................................................................................................. 184 Figure 9-6. Procedure for Adding Stationary Point Source Emissions Data to Emission Source Inventory (when release information IS NOT available for each individual source) .................................................................................................. 185 Figure 9-7. Procedure for Adding Stationary Area Source ..................................................... 187 Figure 9-8. Example Stationary Area Source Data..................................................................189 vi • Community Air Screening How-To Manual Figure 9-9. Procedure for Adding Mobile Source Emissions Data to Emission Source Inventory....................................................................................................190 Figure 9-10. Sample Mobile Source Data in Emission Source Inventory Database ................ 191 Figure 9-11. Procedure for Adding Background Concentration Data to Emission Source Inventory ................................................................................................................192 Figure 9-12. Sample Background Concentration Data in Emission Source Inventory Database ................................................................................................ 194 Figure 9-13. Procedure for Adding Monitored Concentration Data to the Emission Source Inventory....................................................................................................195 Figure 10-1. Procedure for Initial Screen .................................................................................. 198 Figure 10-2. Steps for Developing a Screening-Level
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