DOCSLIB.ORG

Critical Literature Review of Analytical Methods Applicable To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Critical Literature Review of Analytical Methods Applicable To FINAL REPORT Reference: PFA.750.011.001 Date: February 2021 Critical literature review of analytical methods applicable to environmental fate studies Critical literature review of analytical methods applicable to environmental fate studies Report number: PFA. 750.011.001 NOTICE This report was commissioned by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). The author of the report, Peter Fisk Associates Limited, accepts no liability for loss or damage resulting from reliance on the contents of this report by any third party. This report does not necessarily reflect the official opinion of ECHA or the European Commission. ECHA and the European Commission do not guarantee the accuracy or correctness of the information included in this report. Neither ECHA or the European Commission, nor any person acting on their behalf, may be held responsible or liable for any reliance or use of the information contained in this report. Wood environment and infrastructure solutions UK Client limited (for ECHA under Framework ECHA/2015/50) Client’s reference ECHA/2019/236 This report is issued by Peter Fisk Associates Limited, Saxon House, John Roberts Business Park, Pean Hill, Whitstable, Kent CT5 3BJ. Company Number 05758319. Tel. +44 1227 470901, web www.pfagroup.eu AUTHORISATION RECORD Conclusions drawn and recommendations made in this report represent the unbiased view of Peter Fisk Associates Limited on the basis of the data presented and obtained. The name below confirms that this version of the report is complete and final. Name Oliver Warwick Director Position Peter Fisk Associates Limited Date 11 February 2021 Peter Fisk Associates Limited operates a business management system certified to ISO 9001, 14001 and 27001 for the provision of consultancy services to international clients on the assessment and management of the exposure, hazards and risks of industrial, professional and consumer products in the EU and UK regulatory context. Created in PFA Limited Report Template, Version 9, 13 January 2021 Page ii Report Template Version 9, 13th January 2021 Critical literature review of analytical methods applicable to environmental studies 3 Table of Contents 1. ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... 11 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 12 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND TEST VALIDITY ........ 14 3.1 Existing regulatory guidance for the design and interpretation of bioaccumulation studies ....................................................................................................... 18 3.1.1 Acceptable test systems .......................................................................................... 18 3.1.2 Requirements for use of radiolabelled test substance ................................................... 19 3.1.3 Recommendations in relation to sampling/clean-up, extraction and analysis ................... 19 3.1.4 Requirement for the identification of metabolites ........................................................ 20 3.2 Comparison of test guidelines for bioaccumulation studies .................................. 20 3.3 Existing regulatory guidance for design and interpretation of degradation simulation studies (surface water, sediment, and soil) ..................................................... 24 3.3.1 Requirements for use of radiolabelled test substance ................................................... 25 3.3.2 Identification of transformation/degradation products .................................................. 25 3.3.3 Simulation study test temperature ............................................................................ 26 3.3.4 Requirement to conduct further studies ..................................................................... 26 3.3.5 Analytical methodology ............................................................................................ 27 3.4 Comparison of test guidelines for degradation simulation studies ......................... 27 3.5 Conclusions on the regulatory requirements for bioaccumulation and degradation simulation studies ....................................................................................... 34 4. METHODOLOGY OF THE LITERATURE SEARCH .............................................. 35 4.1 Current state of the science for environmental fate studies ................................. 35 4.1.1 Keywords and information sources ............................................................................ 35 4.1.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria ................................................................................. 36 4.1.3 Quality criteria ........................................................................................................ 36 4.1.4 Insights from EFSA Draft Assessment Reports ............................................................ 37 4.1.4.1 Plant Protection Products (PPP, ‘Pesticides’) Literature ........................................................... 37 4.1.4.2 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) DARs for PPPs .......................................................... 38 4.1.4.2.1 Searching DARs ..................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.4.2.2 Active substances assessed. .................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Insights from related areas: challenges and techniques ...................................... 40 4.2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Keywords for literature searching .............................................................................. 40 4.2.3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria ................................................................................. 41 4.2.4 Outcome of the literature search ............................................................................... 42 4.2.5 Additional sources ................................................................................................... 46 4.2.6 Criteria for review of literature sources ...................................................................... 47 PETER FISK ASSOCIATES LTD VERSION 2 (05/12/2016) 4.3 Guidelines for validation of analytical methods .................................................. 48 4.3.1 Keywords and information sources ............................................................................ 48 4.4 In silico tools for prediction of transformation and degradation products ............... 48 4.4.1 Keywords and information sources ............................................................................ 48 5. FINDINGS ON CURRENT PRACTICE IN GUIDELINE BIOACCUMULATION AND PERSISTENCE STUDIES ............................................................................... 49 5.1 Analytical methods used in fish bioaccumulation testing (OECD 305) ................... 49 5.2 Analytical methods used in persistence testing in soil (OECD 307) ....................... 60 5.3 Analytical methods used in persistence testing in sediment (OECD 308) ............... 65 5.4 Analytical methods used in persistence testing in water (OECD 309) .................... 71 5.5 Isotopic Labelling Methods Recommended in OECD 305, 307, 308 and 309 .......... 74 5.6 Isotopic Labelling Analysis Methods Used in European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Draft Assessment Reports (DARs) for PPPs ..................................................... 75 6. KEY ASPECTS TO CONSIDER PRIOR TO CONDUCTING BIODEGRADATION AND BIOACCUMULATION STUDIES ..................................................................... 83 6.1 Characterisation of the substance .................................................................... 83 6.2 Key physico-chemical properties of the test substance: Water solubility ............... 83 6.3 In silico methods ........................................................................................... 85 6.4 Artefact formation ......................................................................................... 86 6.4.1 Artefacts in Mass Spectrometry ................................................................................ 86 6.4.2 Artefact formation and contamination from sampling and sample preparation ................. 86 6.4.3 Radiolysis .............................................................................................................. 87 6.4.4 Contamination of the solvent .................................................................................... 88 6.4.5 Improper storage of samples .................................................................................... 88 6.4.6 Contamination from glassware, external media or instrumentation ................................ 89 6.5 Calibration and Internal Standards ................................................................... 89 6.6 Quality criteria and method validation .............................................................. 90 6.6.1 Current guidelines on quality criteria for analytical methods in environmental fate studies 90 6.6.2 Guidelines for validation of analytical methods used in other fields ................................ 91 7. SAMPLE HANDLING AND EXTRACTION ......................................................... 99 7.1 Sampling .....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ECO-Ssls for Pahs
    Ecological Soil Screening Levels for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Interim Final OSWER Directive 9285.7-78 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20460 June 2007 This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................1 2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR PAHs......................................1 3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS....................................4 5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE.........................................8 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE..................................8 6.1 Mammalian TRV ...................................................8 6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL ........................9 7.0 REFERENCES .........................................................16 7.1 General PAH References ............................................16 7.2 References Used for Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs ......17 7.3 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs ...............................................................18 7.4 References Used in Derivation of Wildlife TRVs .........................25 7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV ................28 i LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 PAH Eco-SSLs (mg/kg dry weight in soil) ..............................4 Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - PAHs ..........................................5 Table 4.1
    [Show full text]
  • OECD Environment Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No
    OECD Environment Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No. 21 Detailed Review Paper Appraisal of Test Methods for Sex Hormone Disrupting Chemicals Environment Directorate ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Paris May 2001 1 Also Published in the Series Testing and Assessment: No. 1, Guidance Document for the Development of OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1993; reformatted 1995) No. 2, Detailed Review Paper on Biodegradability Testing (1995) No. 3, Guidance Document for Aquatic Effects Assessment (1995) No. 4, Report of the OECD Workshop on Environmental Hazard/Risk Assessment (1995) No. 5, Report of the SETAC/OECD Workshop on Avian Toxicity Testing (1996) No. 6, Report of the Final Ring-test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (1997) No. 7, Guidance Document on Direct Phototransformation of Chemicals in Water (1997) No. 8, Report of the OECD Workshop on Sharing Information about New Industrial Chemicals Assessment (1997) No. 9 Guidance Document for the Conduct of Studies of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides During Agricultural Application (1997) No. 10, Report of the OECD Workshop on Statistical Analysis of Aquatic Toxicity Data (1998) No. 11, Detailed Review Paper on Aquatic Testing Methods for Pesticides and industrial Chemicals (1998) No. 12, Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Germ Cell Mutagenicity in OECD Member Countries (1998) No. 13, Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Sensitising Substances in OECD Member Countries 1998) No. 14, Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Eye Irritation/Corrosion in OECD Member Countries (1998) No. 15, Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Reproductive Toxicity in OECD Member Countries (1998) No.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Surfactant–Bile Interactions on the Solubility of Hydrophobic
    Article Cite This: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2018, 15, 5741−5753 pubs.acs.org/molecularpharmaceutics Effect of Surfactant−Bile Interactions on the Solubility of Hydrophobic Drugs in Biorelevant Dissolution Media Zahari Vinarov,*,† Vladimir Katev,† Nikola Burdzhiev,‡ Slavka Tcholakova,† and Nikolai Denkov† † Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria ‡ Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Biorelevant dissolution media (BDM) methods are commonly employed to investigate the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Despite the significant progress in this area, the effect of commonly employed pharmaceutical excipients, such as surfactants, on the solubility of drugs in BDM has not been characterized in detail. The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of surfactant−bile interactions on drug solubility by using a set of 12 surfactants, 3 model hydrophobic drugs (fenofibrate, danazol, and progesterone) and two types of BDM (porcine bile extract and sodium taurodeoxycholate). Drug precipitation and sharp nonlinear decrease in the solubility of all studied drugs is observed when drug-loaded ionic surfactant micelles are introduced in solutions of both BDM, whereas the drugs remain solubilized in the mixtures of nonionic polysorbate surfactants + BDM. One-dimensional and diffusion-ordered 1H NMR spectroscopy show that mixed bile salt + surfactant micelles with low drug solubilization capacity are formed for the ionic surfactants. On the other hand, separate surfactant-rich and bile salt-rich micelles coexist in the nonionic polysorbate surfactant + bile salt mixtures, explaining the better drug solubility in these systems.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0299054 A1 Chandar Et Al
    US 20080299054A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0299054 A1 Chandar et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 4, 2008 (54) PERSONAL CARE COMPOSITIONS WITH Publication Classification ENHANCED FRAGRANCE DELVERY (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors: Prem Chandar, Closter, NJ (US); A6IR 8/34 (2006.01) Lin Yang, Woodbridge, CT (US) A6II 3/14 (2006.01) A6II 3/17 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: UNILEVER PATENT GROUP (52) U.S. Cl. .............. 424/54; 424/59: 424/65; 424/70.1; 800 SYLVANAVENUE, AG West S. Wing 514/588 ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, NJ 07632-3100 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: CONOPCO, INC., d/b/a UNILEVER, Englewood Cliffs, NJ A personal care product is provided which includes a fra (US) grance, a Substituted urea and a quaternary ammonium salt. The Substituted urea and quaternary ammonium salt operate (21) Appl. No.: 11/755,009 together as a scent boosting system to enhance Volatilization offragrance components upon the personal care composition (22) Filed: May 30, 2007 being first applied to human skin or hair. US 2008/0299054 A1 Dec. 4, 2008 PERSONAL CARE COMPOSITIONS WITH structure AB, wherein A is a cationic charged compo ENHANCED FRAGRANCE DELVERY nent of the salt AB, B is an anionic charged component of the salt AB, and BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0013 A has a single quaternized nitrogen atom, at least two hydroxy groups and a molecular weight no 0001 1. Field of the Invention higher than about 250. 0002 The invention concerns personal care compositions which upon application to a human body Surface quickly release fragrance components thereby improving aesthetics DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION of these compositions.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodegradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates
    BIODEGRADATION OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES Applicable to these current Stepan products: BIO-SOFT® D-40 BIO-SOFT® N-300 BIO-SOFT® N-411 BIO-SOFT® S-101 BIO-SOFT® S-101 LS BIO-SOFT® S-111 H BIO-SOFT® S-118 BIO-SOFT® S-120 NACCONOL® 40G NACCONOL® 90G POLYSTEP® A-15 POLYSTEP® A-15-30K STEPWET® DF-90 STEPANTAN® DT-60 BIO-SOFT® D-62 LT BIO-SOFT® L2P-123 POLYSTEP®A-15F Applicable to these inactive Stepan products: BIO-SOFT® D-53 BIO-SOFT® S-100 BIO-SOFT® S-130 POLYSTEP® A-13 POLYSTEP® A-4 POLYSTEP® A-7 STEPANTAN® DS-40 Biodegradation Information: Since their introduction in 1965, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) have been used throughout the world as the main anionic surfactant in both household and industrial detergent products. As a result of their wide spread use, the biodegradation characteristics of LAS have been studied thoroughly under both laboratory and environmental conditions. Laboratory tests typically show that LAS will undergo rapid primary and ultimate biodegradation. Due to its favorable biodegradation characteristics, LAS is presently listed as a recommended control substance in the OECD "Readily Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test". OECD Modified Sturm testing of a LAS product, BIO-SOFT® S-100, showed this product to be readily biodegradable. Primary biodegradation, which can reach 100% in 3 days, involves oxidation of the carbon atoms at the alkyl side chain to form transient, low toxicity sulfophenyl carboxylate intermediates. This is followed by complete breakdown characterized by cleavage of the aromatic ring and total mineralization to carbon dioxide, water and inorganic sulfonates.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.470,756 B2 O’Brien (45) Date of Patent: Jun
    USOO8470756B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.470,756 B2 O’Brien (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 25, 2013 (54) ECO-FRIENDLY LAUNDRY 6,995,127 B1 2/2006 Smith et al. PRETREATMENT COMPOSITIONS 7,077,870 B2 7/2006 Findlay et al. 7,250,174 B2 7/2007 Lee et al. 7,452,917 B2 11/2008 Baumoeller et al. (75) Inventor: Jeanne A. O’Brien, Racine, WI (US) 7,608,573 B1 10/2009 Scheuing et al. 7,618.931 B1 1 1/2009 Scheuing et al. (73) Assignee: S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Racine, WI 2002/0028755 A1* 3/2002 Van Dijk et al. .............. 510,392 2003, OO13629 A1 1/2003 Kischkelet al. (US) 2003/0027736 A1 2/2003 Raths et al. 2003/O122101 A1 7/2003 Prozzo et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2006.0053566 A1 3/2006 Prozzo et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2006/010.5937 A1 5, 2006 Duran U.S.C. 154(b) by 312 days. 2007, OO 10416 A1 1, 2007 Wu et al. 2007/0179074 A1 8, 2007 Souter et al. 2007/O1968.98 A1 8, 2007 Nielsen et al. (21) Appl. No.: 12/405,862 2007/0275021 A1 11/2007 Lee et al. 2008/0000032 A1 1/2008 Wieprecht et al. (22) Filed: Mar 17, 2009 2008.0171683 A1 7/2008 Johnson et al. 2008/O187958 A1 8, 2008 Nielsen et al. (65) Prior Publication Data 2008. O194453 A1 8/2008 Lang 2009.0054294 A1 2/2009 Theiler US 2010/O144580 A1 Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Care Compositions with Silicones And
    (19) & (11) EP 1 804 922 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61Q 19/00 (2006.01) A61Q 1/02 (2006.01) 13.02.2008 Bulletin 2008/07 A61Q 19/10 (2006.01) A61Q 5/02 (2006.01) A61Q 5/12 (2006.01) A61Q 15/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 05797352.1 A61Q 11/00 A61K 8/896 A61K 8/891 (2006.01) A61K 8/58 (2006.01) A61K 8/898 (2006.01) A61K 8/41 (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 24.10.2005 (86) International application number: PCT/EP2005/011416 (87) International publication number: WO 2006/045583 (04.05.2006 Gazette 2006/18) (54) PERSONAL CARE COMPOSITIONS WITH SILICONES AND DIHYDROXYPROPYL TRIALKYL AMMONIUM SALTS KÖRPERPFLEGEZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN MIT SILIKONEN UND DIHYDROXYPROPYL- TRIALKYL-AMMONIUMSALZEN COMPOSITIONS DE SOINS PERSONNELS COMPRENANT DES COMPOSES SILICONES ET DES SELS DE DIHYDROXYPROPYL TRIALKYL AMMONIUM (84) Designated Contracting States: • MINER, Philip E. AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Unilever Home&Personal Care USA HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI Trumbull, CT 06611 (US) SK TR • BARROW, Stephen Unilever Home&Personal Care USA (30) Priority: 25.10.2004 US 972483 Trumbull, CT 06611 (US) 08.09.2005 US 222189 • CHANDAR, Prem Unilever Home&Personal Care USA (43) Date of publication of application: Trumbull, CT 06611 (US) 11.07.2007 Bulletin 2007/28 • MCMANUS, Richard Unilever Home&Personal Care USA (73) Proprietors: Trumbull, CT 06611 (US) • UNILEVER PLC • HARICHIAN, Bijan London, Greater London EC4P 4BQ (GB) Unilever T.
    [Show full text]
  • Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (Las)
    OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) FOREWORD INTRODUCITON LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) 1322-98-1 Decylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 25155-30-0 Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 26248-24-8 Tridecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 27636-75-5 Undecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 68081-81-2 C10-16 Monoalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 68411-30-3 C10-13 Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 69669-44-9 C10-14 Alkyl deriv benzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 85117-50-6 C10-14 Monoalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 90194-45-9 C10-13 Alkyl deriv benzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 127184-52-5 4-C 10-13-sec Alkyl deriv benzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt UNEP PUBLICATIONS 1 OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) SIDS INITIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT For 20th SIAM Paris, France, 19-21 April, 2005 1. Chemical Name: Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) 2. CAS Numbers: 1322-98-1 Decylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 25155-30-0 Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 26248-24-8 Tridecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 27636-75-5 Undecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 68081-81-2 C10-16 Monoalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 68411-30-3 C10-13 Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 69669-44-9 C10-14 Alkyl deriv benzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 85117-50-6 C10-14 Monoalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 90194-45-9 C10-13 Alkyl deriv benzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 127184-52-5 4-C10-13-sec Alkyl deriv benzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 3. Sponsor Country: United States National SIDS Contact Point in Sponsor Country: Oscar Hernandez, Director U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Study on Alkylphenols
    Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee/RIKZ Chemical study on alkylphenols Report: RIKZ/2001.029 1 juli 2001 Authors: BKH Consulting Engineers drs. C.P. Groshart drs. P.C. Okkerman drs. W.B.A. Wassenberg RIKZ drs. A.M.C.M. Pijnenburg BKH Consulting Engineers P.O. Box 5094 2600 GB Delft Tel. 31 15 2625299 Fax 31 15 1619326 RIKZ Kortenaerkade 1 P.O. Box 20907 2500 EX Den Haag Tel. 31 70 3114311 Fax 31 70 3114330 _____________________________________ Chemical study on alkylphenols 1 _____________________________________ Chemical study on alkylphenols 2 Contents . .. Preface 5 Summary 6 1 Introduction 13 1.1 Backgrounds 13 1.2 Objectives 13 1.3 Limitations 14 2 Physical chemical properties 15 2.1 Identification 15 2.1.1 Octylphenols 15 2.1.2 Nonylphenols 16 2.1.3 Alkylphenolethoxylates 17 2.2 Physico-chemical characterisation 17 2.3 References 19 3 Production and use 21 3.1 General 21 3.2 Major producers 21 3.2.1 Alkylphenols 21 3.2.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 22 3.3 Production processes 23 3.3.1 Nonylphenol 23 3.3.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 24 3.4 Major applications 24 3.4.1 Nonylphenol 24 3.4.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 25 3.5 Demands in the EU 28 3.5.1 Nonylphenol 28 3.5.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 28 3.6 Demands in the Netherlands 31 3.6.1 Nonylphenol 31 3.6.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 32 3.7 Waste disposal 33 3.7.1 Nonylphenol 33 3.7.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 34 3.8 Potential alternatives 34 3.8.1 Nonylphenol 34 3.8.2 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 34 3.9 Conclusions and recommendations
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,884,842 B2 Soane Et Al
    USOO6884.842B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,884,842 B2 Soane et al. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 26, 2005 (54) MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS HAVING 5,630,978 A 5/1997 Domb COMPLEMENTARY SURFACESTO 5,663,387 A 9/1997 Singh TARGETS 5,728.296 A 3/1998 Hjerten et al. 5,814.223 A 9/1998 Hjerten et al. (75) Inventors: David S. Soane, Piedmont, CA (US); 5,834,0255,821,311. A 11/199810/1998 deMosbach Garavilla et al.et al. Stephen E. Barry, Oakland, CA (US); 5858.2962Y- a-2 A 1. f1999 Domb Andrew Goodwin, Oakland, CA (US); 5,872,198. A 2/1999 Mosbach et al. David A. Offord, Castro Valley, CA 5,914,367 A 6/1999 Dordick et al. (US); Michael G. Perrott, San 5,916,445 A 6/1999 Hjerten et al. Francisco, CA (US) 5,916,596 A 6/1999 Desai et al. 5,959,050 A 9/1999 Mosbach et al. (73) Assignee: Alnis BioSciences, Inc., Emeryville, 5,994,110 A 11/1999 Mosbach et al. CA (US) 6,051,372 A 4/2000 Bayerl et al. 6,127,154 A 10/2000 Mosbach et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,177,513 B1 1/2001 Takeuchi et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6.217.901 B1 4/2001 Perrott et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 179 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS DE 19627 162 C1 8/1997 (21) Appl. No.: 10/055,837 DE 198 23432 A1 3/1999 (22) Filed: Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • EAS Abstracts 2015.Indd
    EAS.org ABSTRACT BOOK 2015 Eastern Analytical Symposium & Exposition ANALYTICAL INNOVATION FROM BENCHTOP TO BUSINESS Garden State Exhibit Center | Somerset, NJ November 16–18, 2015 Analytical eas.org Chemistry Opens Doors 2016 EASTERN ANALYTICAL SYMPOSIUM & EXPOSITION SAVE THE DATE November 14–16, 2016 Garden State Exhibit Center Somerset, NJ Three-day technical program State-of-the-art exposition featuring analytical equipment and services Extensive selection of short courses and professional development workshops Employment bureau, and more 001646-EAS_8.5x11_IFC_v3.indd 1 11/2/15 12:13 PM Analytical Chemistry Opens Doors 2016 EASTERN ANALYTICAL SYMPOSIUM & EXPOSITION eas.org Garden State Exhibit Center Somerset, NJ November 14–16, 2016 Call for Papers March 5–May 16, 2016 Abstracts received from May 16–Sept 12, 2016, will be reviewed for quality to be included in the poster session. You will be notified via email when/if the abstract is placed. EAS seeks contributed abstracts in these and other analytical fields: Bioanalysis Microscopy Capillary Electrophoresis Nanoparticles Chemometrics Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy Conservation Science NMR Spectroscopy Environmental Analysis Pharmaceutical Analysis ESR Spectroscopy Process Analytical Science Food Analysis Protein Analysis Forensic Analysis Quality-by-design Gas Chromatography Quality/Regulatory/Compliance HPLC Raman Spectroscopy ICP/MS Sample Preparation Immunochemistry Science Education Industrial Hygiene Sensors Ion Chromatography Size Exclusion
    [Show full text]
  • The Collection of Reference Standards 2008 the Biomarker Catalogue the Collection Ofreference Standards - 2008 Innovative Standards Creative Solutions
    The Biomarker Catalogue The collection of reference standards 2008 standards The collection of reference The collection of reference standards 2008 Chiron AS Stiklestadveien 1 N-7041 Trondheim, Norway Tel: +47 73 87 44 90 The collection of reference standards Fax: +47 73 87 44 99 Mail: [email protected] - 2008 - www.chiron.no Innovative Standards Creative Solutions Reference standards Petro, Pharma, Food, Environment Joint Project Focus [email protected] www.chiron.no Professor Dr. Nils Andreas Sørensen (1909-1987) I would like to dedicate this catalogue to a great and unique chemist, teacher and personality, the late Professor Nils Andreas Sørensen. General Professor Nils Andreas Sørensen was born in Oslo in 1909, moved to Trondheim and finished his master’s degree at The Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in 1933. As a stu- dent of Professor C.N. Riiber he received his doctor degree in 1937, moved to Heidelberg in 1938 where he studied with the Nobel laureate Richard Kuhn until he was appointed Professor in Organic Chemistry at NTH in 1939, at just 30 years of age. Professor Sørensen contributed to several important areas of natural product chemistry. His scientific production covers the chemistry of mutarotation of sugars, and the chemistry of carotenoids. He was also the first to discover naturally occur- ring acetylenic compounds. Professor Sørensen was, in addi- tion to being a unique chemist, an expert in botany which he combined with his chemistry background in a superb manner. He followed a tradition of natural product chemistry in Trondheim which has been manifested by later groups at NTH.
    [Show full text]