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Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2006-2008 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9 th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 7, 2 nd edition, as amended by COP9 Resolution IX.1 Annex B). A 3rd edition of the Handbook, incorporating these amendments, is in preparation and will be available in 2006. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY . Chavalit Vidthayanon and Yanyong Sricharoen DD MM YY [email protected] , 66-025246128-9 ; [email protected] , 66-042491309 Freshwater Unit, Conservation Programme Designation date Site Reference Number WWF Greater Mekong-Thailand 2549/45 Paholyothin Rd. Bangkok 10110 Thailand 2. Date this sheet was completed: November 2007 3. Country: Thailand 4. Name of the Ramsar site: The precise name of the designated site in one of the three official languages (English, French or Spanish) of the Convention. Alternative names, including in local language(s), should be given in parentheses after the precise name. Kut Ting Marshland 5. Designation of new Ramsar site or update of existing site: This RIS is for (tick one box only) : a) Designation of a new Ramsar site 6. For RIS updates only, changes to the site since its designation or earlier update: a) Site boundary and area Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS), page 2 The Ramsar site boundary and site area are unchanged: or If the site boundary has changed: i) the boundary has been delineated more accurately ; or ii) the boundary has been extended ; or iii) the boundary has been restricted** and/or If the site area has changed: i) the area has been measured more accurately ; or ii) the area has been extended ; or iii) the area has been reduced** ** Important note : If the boundary and/or area of the designated site is being restricted/reduced, the Contracting Party should have followed the procedures established by the Conference of the Parties in the Annex to COP9 Resolution IX.6 and provided a report in line with paragraph 28 of that Annex, prior to the submission of an updated RIS. b) Describe briefly any major changes to the ecological character of the Ramsar site, including in the application of the Criteria, since the previous RIS for the site: 7. Map of site: Refer to Annex III of the Explanatory Note and Guidelines , for detailed guidance on provision of suitable maps, including digital maps. a) A map of the site, with clearly delineated boundaries, is included as: i) a hard copy (required for inclusion of site in the Ramsar List): ; in separated postage of printed out ii ) an electronic format (e.g. a JPEG or ArcView image) ; UTM gooting.doc; goot ting topo map.doc iii) a GIS file providing geo-referenced site boundary vectors and attribute tables . Kutting UTM.xls b) Describe briefly the type of boundary delineation applied: e.g. the boundary is the same as an existing protected area (nature reserve, national park, etc.), or follows a catchment boundary, or follows a geopolitical boundary such as a local government jurisdiction, follows physical boundaries such as roads, follows the shoreline of a waterbody, etc. The highest level of water body perimeters of the Kut Ting Public land, Bueng Kan District, including Nong Fangdaeng reservoir. The area surrounded by the 212, 222 and 3043 Public Route. 8. Geographical coordinates (latitude/longitude, in degrees and minutes): Provide the coordinates of the approximate centre of the site and/or the limits of the site. If the site is composed of more than one separate area, provide coordinates for each of these areas. 18°18'19.41"N 103°40'27.85"E 9. General location: Include in which part of the country and which large administrative region(s) the site lies and the location of the nearest large town. Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS), page 3 Four kilometres southeast of Buengkan District, Nongkhai Province in between the Highway 212 and 222 which skirts the northern and south-western periphery. 10. Elevation: (in metres: average and/or maximum & minimum) 180 mMSL 11. Area: (in hectares) 2,200 ha 12. General overview of the site: Provide a short paragraph giving a summary description of the principal ecological characteristics and importance of the wetland. The oxbow lake is a “H” shape. The site is an extensive water storage reservoir on the site of a marsh which connect and drain north into the Mekong. Although the reservoir is thought to be shallow, with maximum depths of two to five metres, there is always a considerable expanse of water even at the height of the dry season. 13. Ramsar Criteria: Tick the box under each Criterion applied to the designation of the Ramsar site. See Annex II of the Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for the Criteria and guidelines for their application (adopted by Resolution VII.11). All Criteria which apply should be ticked. 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 8 • 9 14. Justification for the application of each Criterion listed in 13 above: Provide justification for each Criterion in turn, clearly identifying to which Criterion the justification applies (see Annex II for guidance on acceptable forms of justification). Fit to Ramsar Site Criteria (by CoP 9) Criteria 1: Rare representative of wetland type, Only few sites of this wetland type are still intact in the Mekong Ecoregion. Most of this type of wetland (marshland with seasonal flooding and comprises with mosaic aquatic vegetation types) within the region (Thai and Laos) are degraded and have disappeared. Kut Ting is only the largest area existing and nearly intact. Criteria 2: Threatened species The site supports threatened species such as:Baer’s Pochard ( Aythya baeri) - EN (IUCN Redlist 2009) Isok barb ( Probarbus jullieni ) EN , CITES I, since 1.7.75). Five locally Vulnerable (VU, ONEPP, 2006) fishes are Dwarf minnow Boraras micros , 2 walking catfishes Clarias batrachus and C. macrocephalus ; pike stickleback Indostomus spinosus and Mekong sleeper Neodontobutis aurarmus. English Name Scientific Name IUCN CMS CITES National Status Status Appendix Status Birds Baer’s Pochard Aythya baeri EN Appendix I - EN Fish Isok barb Probarbus jullieni EN - Appendix I VU Dwarf minnow Boraras micros - - - VU Walking catfish Clarias batrachus - - - VU Bighead walking C. macrocephalus - - - VU catfish Pike Stickleback Indostomus spinosus - - - VU Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS), page 4 English Name Scientific Name IUCN CMS CITES National Status Status Appendix Status Mekong sleeper Neodontobutis aurarmus - - - VU Criteria 3: Flora and fauna diversity The site supports 60 waterplant and over 150 forest plant species, 113 fishes (9 Mekong endemic fishes: Clupeichthys aesarnensis, Dwarf minnow ( Boraras micros), Rasbora spilocerca, Zeppelin’s guitar loach Lepidocephalichthys n. sp. (Havird et al . in press), Mekong ricefish (Oryzius mekongensis) Mekong bumblebee goby (Brachygobius mekongensis), Mekong sleeper (Neodontobutis aurarmus), Suvatti’s puffer (Monotrete suvattii ), 54 bird species, 3 species of common shrimps (Talerngkietleela, 2004); Caridina laevis, Macrobrachium lanchesteri including Mekong endemic M. thai and over 10 macro-invertebrates. Over 140 rotiferan (over 40% of total Thai taxa) and 70 cladoceran plankton occurred, with many unknown species from survey by Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University (Saengarun, J and L. Sanoamuang, 2002; Sanoamuang, L. & S. Savatenalinton, 2000). For a list of the fauna and flora see the appendix section Criteria 4: Migratory birds The site is important for migratory route of waterbirds, including a large number ( number is high for Thailand), 41 Wigeon ( Anas Penelope ), the highest number (5) of Falcated Duck ( Anas falcata ) recorded from a single site in Thailand (Wolstencroft, Parr and Goodey, 1993) and 20 Baer’s Pochard ( Aythya baeri ). Criteria 7: Fish diversity and fisheries At least 113 fishes occurr in the area and the adjacent wetland. Thirty species are so call “whitefishes” moving in and out during the seasonal change of Mekong mainstreams. Up to 5 trophic levels occurr including; larger and smaller piscivore, insectivore, planktivore, benthivore, detritivore and herbivore. Criteria 8: The area seasonally supports nursing and spawning grounds of 80 economic species. Forty tonnes annually of fishes, 20 tonnes of shrimps and 5 tonnes of non-fishes aquatic fauna supported 153 fishing households, based on 18 artisanal fishing methods. Several types of marine species move into the marshland for spawning and nursing during the flood season, then migrate back to the Mekong River when water receeds, i.e. abramines Paralaubuca spp. mud carps
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  • ชีววิทยาของปลากัดไทย (Betta Splendens Regan, 1910) Biology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta Splendens Regan, 1910) การุณ ทองประจุแก้ว1

    ชีววิทยาของปลากัดไทย (Betta Splendens Regan, 1910) Biology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta Splendens Regan, 1910) การุณ ทองประจุแก้ว1

    ว.วิทย. มข. 41(1) 1-15 (2556) KKU Sci. J. 41(1) 1-15 (2013) ชีววิทยาของปลากัดไทย (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) Biology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) การุณ ทองประจุแก้ว1 บทคัดย่อ ปลากัดไทย (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) เป็นปลาสวยงามและเป็นปลาที่ใช้เพื่อเกมกีฬาชนิด พื้นเมืองของไทย การผลิตปลากัดเพื่อการค้ามีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง ขณะที่ข้อมูลพื้นฐานทางด้านชีววิทยามี การศึกษากันน้อย การทบทวนเอกสารนี้ให้ความรู้พื้นฐานด้านอนุกรมวิธาน นิเวศวิทยาและการแพร่กระจาย สัณฐานวิทยาและกายวิภาค พฤติกรรม การสืบพันธุ์และพัฒนาการ การย่อยและการกินอาหาร การสร้างสี พันธุกรรม และการเพาะเลี้ยง ซึ่งมีความส าคัญต่อการปรับปรุงคุณภาพของการผลิต ขณะที่เทคนิคการเพาะเลี้ยงที่ มีความจ าเป็นต่อการท าฟาร์ม ได้แก่ ระบบการเพาะเลี้ยงแบบหนาแน่น อาหารสังเคราะห์ที่มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการ ที่เหมาะสม การแปลงเพศปลาเป็นเพศผู้ และการผสมพันธุ์เพื่อปรับปรุงสีและรูปร่างของครีบ นอกจากนี้การศึกษา ด้านความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพและแหล่งอาศัยในธรรมชาติเพื่อการอนุรักษ์ก็เป็นสิ่งที่ควรสนใจ ABSTRACT Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) is a native species of ornamental and sport fish of Thailand. The commercial production of this species as ornament tends to increase progressively whereas the basic biology is scarcely known. This literature review provides elementary knowledge on taxonomy, ecology and distribution, morphology and anatomy, behavior, reproduction and development, digestion and feeding, pigmentation, heredity and aquaculture of the fish. These data are important for improving the quality of fish production. Whereas culture techniques, such as