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Tc Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Antalya Ili T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ANTALYA İLİ TURUNÇGİL BAHÇELERİNDE YAPRAKBİTİ TÜRLERİ, AVCI VE ASALAKLARININ SAPTANMASI Işıl SARAÇ Danışman Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ BİTKİ KORUMA ANABİLİM DALI ISPARTA – 2014 © 2014 [Işıl SARAÇ] İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................................ i ÖZET ............................................................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. iii TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................................. iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ .................................................................................................................... v ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ .............................................................................................................. vi 1. GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ .......................................................................................................... 4 3. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ................................................................................................ 9 3.1. Örneklerin Toplanması .......................................................................................... 9 3.2. Örneklerin Preparasyonu ..................................................................................... 10 3.2.1. Yaprakbitlerinin Temizlenmesi ................................................................ 11 3.3. Koleksiyonun Hazırlanışı ...................................................................................... 12 3.4. Yaprakbitlerinin Teşhisi ....................................................................................... 13 3.5. Yaprakbitlerinin Predatör Ve Parazitoitlerinin Saptanması ................. 13 4. ARAŞTIRMA BULGULARI ............................................................................................... 15 4.1. Zararlı Türler ............................................................................................................. 15 4.1.1. Cins: Aphis .......................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1.1. Tür: Aphis craccivora .............................................................................. 15 4.1.1.2. Tür: Aphis fabae ........................................................................................ 20 4.1.1.3. Tür: Aphis gossypii ................................................................................... 23 4.1.1.4. Tür: Aphis spiraecola ............................................................................... 30 4.1.2. Cins: Brachycaudus ........................................................................................ 34 4.1.2.1. Tür: Brachycaudus cardui ..................................................................... 35 4.1.3. Cins: Myzus ........................................................................................................ 37 4.1.3.1. Tür: Myzus persicae ................................................................................. 38 4.1.4. Cins: Rhopalosiphum ..................................................................................... 47 4.1.4.1. Tür: Rhopalosiphum maidis .................................................................. 47 4.1.5. Cins: Toxoptera ................................................................................................ 50 4.1.5.1. Tür: Toxoptera aurantii ......................................................................... 50 4.2. Doğal Düşmanlar ...................................................................................................... 53 4.2.1. Coccinella septempunctata .......................................................................... 54 4.2.2. Hippodamia (Adonia) variegata ............................................................... 55 4.2.3. Chrysoperla carnea ......................................................................................... 57 4.2.4. Epistrophe ochrostoma. ................................................................................ 58 4.2.5. Aphidius colemani ........................................................................................... 59 5. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇLAR ............................................................................................. 61 KAYNAKLAR ............................................................................................................................. 64 EKLER .......................................................................................................................................... 72 Şekil A.1 Yaprakbitinin Dorsal ve Ventral Görünümü ...................................... 72 ÖZGEÇMİŞ .................................................................................................................................. 73 i ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi ANTALYA İLİ TURUNÇGİL BAHÇELERİNDE YAPRAKBİTİ TÜRLERİ, AVCI VE ASALAKLARININ SAPTANMASI Işıl SARAÇ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA Antalya ilinde 2011-2013 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, turunçgillerde zararlı yaprakbiti türleri ve doğal düşmanlarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854; A. fabae Scopoli, 1763; A. gossypii Glover, 1877; A. spiraecola Patch, 1914; Brachycaudus cardui Linnaeus, 1758; Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch, 1856; Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841; Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776; türleri olmak üzere sekiz tür saptanmıştır. Ayrıca yaprakbitleri ile ilgili olarak bölgede 5 yararlı tür saptanmıştır. Yaprakbitlerinden A. craccivora en yaygın tür olarak saptanırken, B. cardui ise en az rastlanan tür olmuştur. Doğal düşmanlardan ise Coccinella septempunctata tüm örnekleme bölgelerinde saptanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaprakbiti, turunçgil, avcı, asalak 2014, 73 sayfa ii ABSTRACT M.Sc. Thesis APHID SPECIES ,PREDATORS AND PARASITES IN CITRUS ORCHARDS OF THE PROVINCE OF ANTALYA Işıl SARAÇ Süleyman Demirel University Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences Department of Plant Protection Supervisor: Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA This study was carried out in 2011-2013 in Antalya province. The aim of this study was to determine aphid species and natural enemies of aphids in citrus. Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854; A. fabae Scopoli, 1763; A. gossypii Glover, 1877; A. spiraecola Patch, 1914, Brachycaudus cardui Linnaeus, 1758; Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch, 1856; Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de A Fonscolomb, 1841; Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776; species were identified as aphid species. In beside these, five natural enemies of aphids were found. While A. craccivora was the most abundant, B.cardui was found less abundant aphid species on citrus. Coccinella septempunctata was found to be the most common natural enemies at aphids. Keywords: Aphids, citrus, predator, parasitoid 2014, 73 pages iii TEŞEKKÜR Bu araştırma için beni yönlendiren, karşılaştığım zorlukları bilgi ve tecrübesi ile aşmamda yardımcı olan değerli danışman hocam Prof.Dr. İsmail KARACA’ya teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Literatür araştırmalarımda ve örnek teşhislerimde engin bilgilerini benden esirgemeyen Dr. Işıl ÖZDEMİR (Ankara Zirai Mücadele Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü)’e teşekkür ederim. 3392-YL-12. no`lu proje ile tezimi maddi olarak destekleyen Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı’na teşekkür ederim. Tezimin her aşamasında beni yalnız bırakmayan arkadaşlarım ve aileme sonsuz sevgi ve saygılarımı sunarım. Işıl SARAÇ ISPARTA, 2014 iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ Sayfa Şekil 4.1. Aphis craccivora Koch kanatsız bireyi ....................................................... 17 Şekil 4.2. Aphis craccivora Koch kanatlı bireyi .......................................................... 18 Şekil 4.3. Aphis fabae Scopoli kanatsız bireyi ............................................................. 21 Şekil 4.4. Aphis gossypii Glover kanatsız bireyi ........................................................ 25 Şekil 4.5. Aphis gossypii Glover kanatlı bireyi ............................................................ 26 Şekil 4.6. Aphis spiraecola Patch kanatsız bireyi ...................................................... 31 Şekil 4.7. Aphis spiraecola Patch. kanatlı bireyi ......................................................... 32 Şekil 4.8. Brachycaudus cardui kanatsız bireyi .......................................................... 36 Şekil 4.9. Myzus persicae Sulzerbireyi ........................................................................... 39 Şekil 4.10. Myzus persicae. Sulzer kanatlı bireyi ....................................................... 41 Şekil 4.11. Myzus persicae Sulzer kanatlı bireyi ........................................................ 42 Şekil 4.12. Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch kanatsız bireyi ........................................ 48 Şekil 4.13. Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch kanatlı bireyi ........................................... 49 Şekil 4.14. Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe kanatsız bireyi ........... 51 Şekil 4.15. Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de
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