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Singapore's Brush with Wild Elephants

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Singapore's Brush with Wild Elephants Princeton University in USA. Dr Sukumar of Wildlife Conservation and Director of the would be away from August 1991 to April Zoological Garden. In Singapore, he is in- 1992 during which time be would concen- volved in establishing the Night Safari Park trate on analysing the data from the 50-ha at the Zoo which will provide not only great plot where he and his co-workers are study- recreation to the urban people in Singapore ing the dynamics of the entire plant and but will also facilitate the breeding of many animal communities over a long period endangered species in semi-natural condi- of time. tions. This is the way all Zoos should develop - away from cages and towards Mr. J.C. DANIEL who was the first Chair- creating a much saner environment for the man of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group animals in captivity. and has been a powerful influence in the Mr WIDODO development and progress of the AESG. SUKOHADI RAMONO from Indonesia He is the Curator of the Bombay Natural is now the Chief of Species History Society. He plans to retire early this Conservation at the Directorate-General of year and devote much of his time to over- Forest Protection and Nature Conservation. seeing and devloping the BNHS Elephant Elephant conservation in Sumatra owes Programmes in India. The AESG takes this much to the efforts of Mr Widodo under opportunity to wish Mr Daniel every success whose management the successful elephant in his new assigment. translocations were carried out in Sumatra. It was Mr Widodo who revived the art of elephant training and domestication in Mr. Lyn de Alwis, Chairman of AESG Sumatra since it disappeared with the demise continues to act as consultant to the Singa- of the power and influence of the Sultans pore Zoological Gardens after his retirement and the arrival of the Dutch Colonial.Po- in Sri Lanka as Director of the Department wers. SINGAPORE,S BRUSH WITH WILD ELEPHANTS Pulau Tekong is one of Singapore's off shore south-east, these breezes brought good news. islands only a stone's throw from the Southern Yielding to temptation, three adventurous beaches of Malaysia's Johore state. lt is approxi- young tuskers, decided to brave the sea one mately 7 km long and 4 km wide. lt is a 20- moonless night in May and seek the greener minute launch ride from a srnall jetty on Singa- pasture beckoning them. pore's east coast fishing village of Changi. lmagine their delight at what they saw as Once a fishing village itself, the island is today they padded across the opposite beach: healthy the property of the Singapore Armed Forces. young coconut palms and succulent banana The luxuriant natural vegetation laced with trees, gourmet items in an elephant's diet. groves of durian and jak and several tracts of They tore the trees apart, feeding greedily and coconut, rubber and oil palm, seem to help the wastefully. Picking a frond or two from one soldiers forget the rigours of their exacting tree, they felled the next. They demolished duties. To the rest of Singapore, Pulau Tekong is a few hectares in that first frenzied onslaught. a deserted island best left alone. To all intents and purposes, they had arrived But the cool breezes from Tekong also reach in paradise. But in the morning they were the coast of Johore. To a herd of harassed ele- roused by that horrible human scent in the air phants cornered in a dwindling forest on the followed by those dread voices. "We had better be careful" thought the elephants and began, It was obvious that the elephanS had come with a little jungle humour, their game of hide from Malaysia, so we should first consult the and seek with the Army. wildlife authorities there. Fortunately the Zoo and the Malaysian Wildlife authorities maintain Soon the ever vigilant soldiers knew some- excellent relations and share their knowledge thing was wrong. How did coconut trees get to mutual benefit. uprooted and oil palms lose their crowns when there was neither wind nor rain? And what When apprised of the strange goings-on on was causing these round 'craters' in the soft Tekong, the Director-General was slightly mud? An enemy invasion? No. Enemies don't amused at first but then said "Those are our start by pushing down coconut palms. Because elephants from Johore, but now that they are of the sheer improbability, no one dared suggest on Singapore soil, they are yours. lf you like, it could be the work of elephants. And even our elephant Capture and Translocation team later when a night patrol claimed they had can get them out of the island for you". What seen three elephants streak across their head- a wonderful response, what a relief? | felt a lighs they were, at first, laughed off. "Elephants thrill, too, for this is the kind of sharing of on Tekong? |mpossible". knowledge and expertise which the Asian Elephant Specialists Group (AESG) of IUCN But no. Two days later someone picked up strives to achieve. the tell-tale droppings, the size of honey-dew melons. At the Zoo the "productions" were The Director General of Wildlife Mr. Moha- identified as elephant dung! med Khan is a member of AESG and so is Mr. Sharif Daim head of the special team. The The news created a sensation. The media operation was in safe hands. The two govern- consumed it with relish. Many Singaporeans ments readily agreed, so why wait? Mr. Ber- received a nasty jolt. Some still didn't believe nard Harrison Executive Director of the Zoo it, dismissing it with an "elephants can't swim" was the perfect Co.ordinator and lost no time tone of finality. Others didn't comprehend, in putting the act together. This was Friday, thinking that what the Press was trying to say Sharif will be in Singapore on Sunday to plan was that the Zoo had taken three of their the capture and translocation. Nostalgia gripped elephants to Tekong. Well meaning but some- me as I recalled our own Deduru Oya operation what emotional "Conservationists" suggested some 10 years ago. letting them remain on the island. Everything was falling into place nicely. But the Armed Forces reacted with custo- I was touched by the concern being shown for mary pragmatism, speed and efficiency. The the safety of the elephants. Army exercises problem had to be tackled before a confron- on the island were suspended.and firing practice tation developed. No army in the world have had virtually ceased. In true military fashion the hardihood to take on rampaging wild ele- an Operations Room had been organized and, phants, least of all "ship-wrecked" ones on a on a large map, daily patrols pinned the sites small island. So they quite naturally and rightly of elephant activity. But the elephants remained turned to the Zoo for help. quite invisible. Not once did the seventeen or eighteen search parties hear so much as a branch Although not geared to capture, domesti- snap. So the trackers will have to rely entirely cate or translocate full grown wild elephants, on fresh foot prints, droppings and hopefully, the Zoo was aware of the part it had to play. broken branches to follow their trail. We all felt we had a responsibility by these displaced animals from a humane as well as Shariff's plan was to send out his capture conservation point of view. These are endanger- team first. This consisted of 2 wiry men with ed animals and must be quickly returned to the flashing eyes backed by a burly marksman in wild. Army fatigues carrying a formidable 458 rifle; 6 next came . Oho,orrupher with a sophisticated. could keep the elephants in this strip until the video camera. Bringing up the rcar were 2 darts were 'fired', we would have the operation officers blessed with the quick reflexes needed sewn up. We posted staff at two points 800 m to 'fire' the 2 Cap-chur guns and then get out apart where the elephants might make a break of the way of the enraged recipients. Each had for the dense jungle. his own walkie-talkie tuned in for instructions from Sharif and Dr. Zainal the Veterinarian It was now just 8.45 a.m. Sap was still who would have to administer certain drugs oozing from the banana trees so it awas unlikely after the elephants were immobilized. the elephants had strayed far. And then, as we paced the road waiting for news from the trac- At 7.30 a.m. on Wednesday 6th June 1990, kers, we heard the unmistakable crash of a we set off in convoy after a breakfast which we coconut tree. We scampered in that direction hoped would last the whole day. We still had no and for the first time, caught a glimpse of one idea where the elephants would be for even a of the elephants. search which lasted until midnight the previous day, drew the twentieth blank. All we knew Quickly regrouping, the capture team went from the foot print measurements we had taken, in hot pursuit at 9 a.m. The elephants stamped- was that we were in pursuit of three adult wild ed and my heart sank as I saw them trying to elephants at least two of them over 8' at the break cover near one of the sentries. Miracu- shoulder. lously, at that very moment, a truck, quite obli- vious of what was going on, came chugging along But we were all optimists, so much so that a dirt track right into the path of the fleeing before we left Camp, Shariff instructed his giants.
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