GTAV: the first 50 years
Contents
Foreword ...... 2
The beginnings ...... 4
The sixties: a lively decade ...... 5
The seventies: a period of significant change ...... 12
The eighties: meeting new challenges ...... 22
The nineties: change becomes the only constant ...... 29
The 2000s: building new foundations for the future ...... 32
Afterword ...... 36
Acknowledgements
Writers Design and layout Disclaimer Kerry Bainbridge, Howard Brown, John Rob Berry The authors and contributors alone are Collins, Stephen Cranby, Trish Douglas, responsible for the opinions expressed Colin Green, Libby Hillman, Joan Kent, Printing in this publication, and while reasonable Alex Lyne, Joan Montgomery, Gary Work & Turner checks are made to ensure the Pollard, Phyllis Reichl, David Roberts, Bill accuracy of all statements, neither the Stringer, Tony Stutterd and Bruce Permissions Editors nor the Geography Teachers’ Tamagno Heinemann, an imprint of Pearson Association of Victoria Inc. accepts Australia, permits jacket scan responsiblity for statements or opinions Editors reproduction of B. Tamagno expressed herein. Geoffrey Paterson (convenor), Howard A Geography of Recreation, Brown, Gary Pollard and Bill Stringer Heinemann Educational Australia Copyright John Wiley & Sons Pty Ltd permits jacket Every effort has been made to trace Reviewers scan reproduction of R. Stowell & L. ownership of copyright material. Kerry Bainbridge, John Collins, Colin Bentley editors New Wave Geography Information that will enable the publisher Green, Libby Hillman and Kerry Pollard Books 1 and 2, Jacaranda Press to rectify any error or omissions will be State Library of Victoria permits welcome. Photo research reproduction of the meeting programs Barrie Jones and Julie Smith © Geography Teachers’ Association of Further information sources Victoria Inc. 2009 Photo scanning GTAV Oral History 1993 and 2007 Iain Douglas and Sue-ann Barber Celebrating 40 years of Geographic Publisher Excellence, GTAV, 1999 Geography Teachers’ Association of Assistance was also provided by Geography Teacher 1961–1978 Victoria Inc., 503 Burke Road, Margot Vaughan and Kenneth Park of Interaction, 1973 to present Camberwell South, Victoria 3124, Wesley College Archives, Ken Marriott, GTAV Newsletters Australia Bev Holz, Andrew Lemon, Elida Minutes 1959–1970 are in the State Brereton and Janis Lloyd. Library Manuscript Collection Reg. No. A0030505Z Accession Number MS 10086 Cover design GTAV Archives ISBN: 978-1-876703-14-1 Simon Kwok, Infographics Foreword When someone asked one of the first Committee where the office was located, her reply was, “In a box under the bed”! Our efforts may be regarded as primitive today, but we were pioneering and we did get an association started.
N this year, 2009, when the GTAV occupies an The story of the next 50 or so years is told in this honoured place in the Victorian educational field, it booklet, told not by some professional researcher but Imay be hard to believe that 51 years ago it did not by those who were the leaders in their day. This gives even exist. Its very beginnings took place when two the contents a veracity which not only satisfies, but teachers, untrained in Geography and working without also stimulates. any back-up support, stood talking at a street corner in Melbourne. They decided that all Geography Now, what of the next 50 years? So many of the teachers from each of the three school systems should world’s problems are geographical problems: water and be drawn together in an association to advance their the lack of it, climate change, sustainability, use and subject. abuse of resources, population, the poverty-wealth gap, globalisation ... They approached a teacher at Mercer House, the training school for teachers in Independent schools, The two excellent papers published recently by the and suggested that she invite all Geography teachers GTAV and AGTA, indicate methods of studying such to a meeting. She did just that. The attendance of issues and the techniques available. Other disciplines about 70 teachers indicated that the need for support will take up some of these problems in their own was indeed widespread. A temporary Committee was particular way, with either a physical or a human elected which drew up basic rules. Within a month perspective, but it is the geographers who join these these were accepted, a Committee was elected and two attitudes together. Geography is the study of the the Geography Teachers’ Association of Victoria was physical world, its nature, processes and born. interrelationships, and of mankind’s uses of this world and therefore of the manifold relationships that exist Looking back, I realise it was an exceptional between these two perspectives. Committee; not only did they work hard, but each member took responsibility for one section of the new So long as Geography remains true to its dual association’s activities. As a result, progress was rapid. bases, it has a unique part to play in the future, however Within the first two years, the basic principles on which unsure that future may sometimes appear to be; and the GTAV still operates were put into action: the GTAV the GTAV will be a part of that unique contribution to was an association for teachers in schools; it was to understanding, by providing materials and methods of develop and disseminate information that teachers study for the teacher and excitement and enthusiasm needed. To this end, monthly meetings were held. for each succeeding generation of students. The history Talks were printed for distribution, but very soon of the next 50 years of the GTAV should certainly be replaced by the magazine Geography Teacher. as interesting and important as the history of its first Sections of Ordnance Survey maps were printed and half-century. the first slide sets were produced. Contacts were made with interstate associations, especially South Australia, and an approach was made to Colleges of the University of Melbourne to include Geography as a subject for their scholarship examinations, stressing the fact that it was a discipline distinct from all others. The first GTAV conference, held over two days at Wilson J A Lyne Hall at the University of Melbourne, attracted over 200 Foundation President participants.
The monthly meetings in different schools were designed to show members different conditions and to arouse interest within the schools themselves. The J. Alex Lyne was, with Jock Herbert, the initiator of value of social bonding was not forgotten: supper was the process that saw the Geography Teachers’ an integral part of the meetings, with an adequate time Association of Victoria established and was its first for talk, and the annual dinner was instituted. President. See page 6 for Phyllis Reichl’s tribute.
2 GTAV: the first 50 years The fifties
The first Committee
Alex Lyne Professor John Andrews Alan Jones President Vice-President Vice-President
Nora Wilkinson Jock Herbert Joan Battersby Vice-President Secretary Assistant Secretary
Una Boyle Ian Coghill Norm Gill Treasurer
Geoff Lloyd Athol Pike Miss Sampson
Note: It has not been possible to obtain a photograph of Mrs Woolacott.
Graeme Ward
GTAV: the first 50 years 3 The beginnings In the spirit of the great amateurs, the first Committee was determined that not only should meetings and excursions be interesting and relevant, but that they should have a good dose of practicality.
HE infant organisation was not just a self-help exercise but it would and must willingly embrace Tchange. The variety of interest, enthusiasm and experience exhibited by the first Committee was extraordinary. One of the quietest yet most influential of those early leaders was Alan Jones. In an article in Geography Teacher (June 1962) he wrote:
“Progress depends on the provision of favourable conditions for teaching and learning in Geography and Geography teachers should take care to be clear minded and should dare to be articulate regarding their needs and the value of their work.”
4 GTAV: the first 50 years The sixties The sixties: a lively decade
The need to provide support to teachers many of whom had a limited background in Geography provided the stimulus to form a professional association.
T was a lively decade. Lively in the sense that it Local publishers, however, were quick to respond followed the earnest and quiet revival of the fifties to the growing market. Cheshires adapted their New Iafter the restraint and economies of the Second Intermediate Geography, Longmans continued to issue World War. Australia was becoming increasingly new titles in their Australian Geography series, and conscious of a wider world – at least of the Western Whitcombe and Tombs, Jacaranda, Cassell, Nelson world. More importantly, a sharp rise in population and Hall’s Book Store added to their lists throughout meant that both government and private bodies now the decade. had to cope with many more students, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels. It was a time when pressure on resources was great and when increasing … it was the broad vision of those demands on teachers, many lacking formal qualifications, might have easily first Committee members in 1959 resulted in negativism. But the reverse that set the scene for unparalleled occurred, and an air of lively optimism prevailed. cooperation between all sectors of education – Government, Geography had almost always been Independent and Catholic. taught along with Nature Study in primary schools, but one or two local publishers were aware of growing student numbers at the secondary level. Dr A.V.G. James’ The Junior Geography was in its third edition. That While local teaching and learning materials were text and the Modern World Geographies of James and becoming available, the real initiative in professional G.S. Browne were exemplars of what might be termed development came from the teachers themselves and the “capes and bays tradition”. It was the publisher from all sectors of the educational establishment. F.W. Cheshire that saw the future and involved Ian However, inaugural President Alex Lyne noted it was Coghill in the revision of this series. The publisher teachers from non-government schools who took the Longmans, under the editorship of Professor Graeme first step and formed the Geography Teachers’ Lawton (University of Adelaide), also initiated many of Association of Victoria (GTAV). the changes that were to come. 1959 and 1960 saw the GTAV hold general In 1959, the University of Melbourne appointed its meetings at schools which had developed specialised first Chair of Geography. John Andrews, a student under Geography rooms; the first was at Trinity Grammar Griffith Taylor, and a University of Sydney lecturer under (Jock Herbert), the topic being “Setting up a Macdonald Holmes, became the first Professor of Geography Room”. Subsequent meetings were held Geography in Victoria. Three years later Basil Johnson at Scotch (Alex Lyne), Wesley (Graeme Ward), [See Cameo] was appointed Professor at the new Presbyterian Ladies’ College (Nora Wilkinson), Trinity Monash University. (Jock Herbert) and St Leonard’s (Joan Battersby), with one meeting at The Mac.Robertson Girls’ High School Up until this time the University of Melbourne course (Una Boyle). Meetings often involved interesting (Geology I, Geography and Economic Geography II) speakers such as the recently returned Antarctic team was known as the “mongrel major”. With new of Phillip Law and John Bechervaise. Committee Geography departments operating in each of the two meetings were held at Scotch and the Annual General universities, the geographic landscape was radically Meeting at Mercer House. The membership transformed. However, the majority of Victorian subscription was the enormous sum of one pound! teachers, except those who had been lucky or By 1963 membership was 255, with an average adventurous enough to gain overseas experience, were meeting attendance of 50. finding that landscape exciting but, to a degree, daunting. Continued on page 7
GTAV: the first 50 years 5 Alex Lyne
Alex Lyne stands out among the Honorary Life Members of the Geography Teachers’ Association of Victoria – he is its founding father.
From his days as a student in the twenties he has been a dedicated Scotch College man. After leaving school in 1928, he went to Ormond College and graduated with an Arts degree and Education diploma from Melbourne University. From 1933 to 1941 he was resident boarding house master at Brighton Grammar School. In 1942 he returned to Scotch where he was to teach for the next 33 years.
The status of Geography in the forties was such that he only taught in the junior classes and his senior master was a retired geologist. Not until 1947 did he teach his first Geography sixth formers, a group of five. By the end of his time at Scotch, Year 12 Geography students numbered seventy-five.
With a quarter of a century of distinguished Geography teaching behind him, he was nominated convenor of that subject for the Incorporated Association of Registered Teachers of Victoria. This was consequent on the government regulation that all teachers should be registered. Mercer House in Armadale was the ultimate location of that training centre. The idea of a subject association was enthusiastically embraced at a meeting of seventy geographers from state and independent schools in August 1959. A Committee with Alex Lyne as President and Jock Herbert as Secretary was elected. Geography was on the map in Victoria.
In the meantime, Alex had successfully obtained a Diploma in Geography from the University of London. His thesis was “A dissertation on the orchard area east of Melbourne”. I mention this because it sets the pattern for his Geography teaching in subsequent years. The central pivot of this was the vital importance of local geography and field study. As a classic exponent of this technique, Alex stands unrivalled. His Bacchus Marsh study should be preserved by the GTAV as a model for all time. Careful preliminary research and preparation, practical guided execution, and detailed supervised reportage are the essentials for success. Victoria provided varied locations for wide-ranging field excursions for the lucky students at Scotch and later for appreciative participants from the GTAV. His knowledge of Victorian geography is encyclopaedic.
Retirement saw no rusting of his talents. Cambridge University Press commissioned him to write his studies of Greater Melbourne, Canberra: a Planned City, and Australia’s Resources – Their Use and Conservation, all of which bear the stamp of immaculate Lyne scholarship. He contributed to The Global System, to Conserving Australia and to Coghill’s Readings in Geography.
The geographer and teacher is by no means the whole man. His long life of service has also been to his church, his family, his friends, and his local community. He has never needed to engage in the cut and thrust of personal ambition and career building. Courteous and patient, he is the quiet achiever. We need a few more such people to convey to us the wisdom of the elders.
Phyllis Reichl edited from Interaction,1993
6 GTAV: the first 50 years The sixties
It was the broad vision of those first Committee differences existing between government and non- members that set the scene for unparalleled government sectors, who fought for curriculum change, cooperation between all sectors of education – who opened their Geography rooms to all comers and Government, Independent and Catholic. shared their resources. Above all, this process was, or at least seemed to be, enjoyed by the workers. While the contribution of the universities and colleges was essential to the process, it was really the wise counsel of the first three Association Presidents – Alex Lyne, Geoff Lloyd [See Cameo] and Brother John McDowell, representing the three major school sectors – which set the ground rules that encouraged cooperative development.
The major results of the GTAV’s work during this decade of optimism and the people involved were many and varied. There was a redefinition of the subject Geography. Instead of a grab bag of interests it took on more coherence. Central to many John Collins in a scene from a schools’ TV series on Thailand produced by the developments that followed Australian Broadcasting Commission were the organising concepts outlined by Professor Murray In the 1960s, the Committee had the following on McCaskill in his paper at the GTAV organised its agenda: field excursions, development of a slide conference in 1967. library, book reviews, refresher courses for teachers, Geography as a subject for College entrance Extensive curriculum revision was argued and scholarships, and the request for Examiners to report achieved primarily by the energy and initiative of Professor to the GTAV. In addition, Professor Andrews was the Johnson and GTAV members through the GSC. It was a first to suggest the formation of a nationwide Geography time when most people wore many hats! However the teachers’ association. strong participation of people who identified with the
In the years that followed, the cooperation and assistance from tertiary lecturers and tutors was invaluable – not only in content terms, but also in the way There was a redefinition of the teachers began to think about the subject Geography. Instead of a structure of their subject. Staff from the grab bag of interests it took on University of Melbourne Geography Department and Commerce Faculty, the more coherence. Secondary Teachers’ College (STC) and Monash Teachers’ College, and the new Monash department gave papers, examined, or ran courses. Many of these people also GTAV, meant that curriculum change was only made by served on the Geography Standing Committee (GSC) continuing education of the teaching force. Evelyn for the Schools Board (later to become the Victorian Ashcroft, Joan Battersby, Ian Coghill, John Collins [See Universities and Schools Examinations Board). Cameo], Hec Gallagher, David Lea, Geoff Lloyd, Alex Lyne, Norm Gill, Shirley Lewis and Nora Wilkinson [See The staff from these institutions may have been Cameo], Professors Andrews and Johnson, and later in the ‘agents of input’, but once again it needs to be the period, Michael Achurch [See Cameo], Brian Spicer stressed that the ‘agents of change’ were teachers – and Geoff Missen all played a role. those volunteers who served on committees and subcommittees, who resolved problems of systemic Continued on page 8
GTAV: the first 50 years 7 Changes to examining techniques were associated publishing project in the form of topographic map with syllabus change. Elements of Geography were extracts. Brother Peter Swain was the master-in- included in Commonwealth Scholarship exams and charge of distribution. Publishers soon got into the Geography became a subject for College entrance business and, often with GTAV members as editors, scholarships. created sets of map extracts from Japan, Malaysia and Western Europe. The decade saw an opening up of relationships between all types of schools and teachers. This was TV programs for schools arose because the one of the GTAV’s most important contributions. For Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) saw the potential benefits from a partnership with the GTAV. A subcommittee of Evelyn Ashcroft, John Collins and Alan Jones was formed to investigate. Eventually John Collins scripted and presented the first series, The Map and the Landscape, and programs on Thailand. Later still, the ABC produced complete film programs with Phyllis Reichl scripting and David Pettit and John Collins presenting. Sadly, the close relationship between the Education Department and the ABC did not persist and, although other subjects continued to produce programs, Geography was an early casualty of An early GTAV fieldwork activity. From left: Geoff Lloyd, Evelyn Ashcroft, changing ABC priorities. Alex Lyne and Jock Herbert. The decade saw the beginnings the first time there was a forum which enabled positive of a network of country branches. This development discussion to take place and often contrary points of was led by Geoff Lloyd, Norm Gill and Hec Gallagher view to be reassessed. and it grew from a decision, prompted by country teachers, to encourage and support membership. Over The GTAV became a source of information via its time, branches were formed at Horsham (Wimmera), publications. These started as printed sheets which the Latrobe Valley, Ballarat, Portland (Western District) continued as Newsletters to members. The Geography and Shepparton (Goulburn Valley). Teacher evolved from a six page format to a journal of variable size. Jock Herbert, as Secretary, initiated the journal; John Collins expanded it with Ian Coghill as The establishment of a business manager. Subsequent editors, Norm Head and Ken Boston, made further permanent field studies centre changes to the format. Brian Spicer and was discussed in detail over Joe Hajdu were editors at the end of the decade. the period and various sites were examined. Slide set development involved many people and their personal collections: Clarice Sanders, Joan Battersby, Frank Coulter, Gail Fairfoul and Phyllis Reichl all made major contributions. The initial two sets on In-service training and Refresher Schools for Glaciation and Arid Lands were the humble beginnings teachers were a vital part of GTAV business. The of the first commercial source of income for the GTAV. organisation of locations, timing and presenters By 1969 twelve sets had been produced. Those involved consumed a great deal of time and effort. Opportunities now included Ray Pask, Don Sinclair, Stuart Duncan, varied for teachers of all sectors and skilled negotiation Ken O’Connor and Graeme Thompson. was often needed to enable leave rights to be safeguarded and costs suitably defrayed. Fieldwork The use of topographic maps (in publications, was often an essential element of such courses as it teaching and examining) had its Australian beginnings was quite a new experience for many teachers. The in South Australia and New South Wales. A GTAV first field camp was held at Mount Evelyn in 1963 and subcommittee created its first royalty generating was directed by Ross Cochrane, a biogeographer from
8 GTAV: the first 50 years The sixties
the University of Melbourne. It was essentially a course The Monash University Geography Department in field techniques. Hitherto, one-day excursions held many courses for teachers in such areas as incorporating some elements of fieldwork had been Physical Geography, Climatology, Regional the order of the day. These were conducted at Plenty Geography, India, Biogeography, and Population River (Norm Gill), Mornington Peninsula (John Collins), Geography. In addition there was a course explaining Bacchus Marsh (Alex Lyne) and Geelong (Ian Coghill). the new senior syllabus. All these courses were well attended. The GTAV had administrative responsibility for all the courses and planned and led the discussions at a series of Matriculation Symposia on the The GTAV initiated a National new course. The first was directed by ex- Conference, which was held in President Geoff Lloyd, where over 200 association with the January 1967 participated! In addition, conferences on Junior Geography, the role of Geography Australian and New Zealand in secondary schools, and a symposium Association for the Advancement on sample studies were also successfully staged. of Science Conference. The GTAV initiated a National Conference, which was held in association with the January 1967 The establishment of a permanent field studies Australian and New Zealand Association for the centre was discussed in detail over the period and Advancement of Science Conference. Speakers came various sites were examined. Those closely involved from South Australia (M. McCaskill), NSW (D. Biddle were Hec Gallagher, Norm Gill, John Bartels and later and G. Conolly), Queensland (A. R. Dyer) and Victoria Phyllis Reichl. Despite their enthusiasm, however, the (J. Collins). Basil Johnson was the power behind the possibility became a problem and its solution eluded the GTAV. Continued on page 11
John Collins
John Collins was an innovator, an inspiration to others and one who helped bring professionalism into the GTAV. His teaching experience was varied.
He began teaching at University High School under Alan Jones before going to England, where he taught in both grammar and secondary modern schools. On his return, he taught at the Secondary Teachers’ College before spending two years as department head at Melbourne Grammar School. Then, in 1963, he took up a lectureship in the School of Education at the University of Melbourne, where his role included lectures in Geography Method and Teaching Practice supervision.
During the sixties, he became one of the first students to complete a Masters degree in Geography from the Melbourne University Geography Department. His influence helped strengthen the links between Victorian schools and the then two universities.
In 1967 he became Chief Examiner of Matriculation Geography. At a stage when Victorian-based teaching materials were lacking, John, together with people like Ian Coghill, helped fill this virtual void by authoring a wide range of new textbooks. He was a tireless Committee member, Geography Teacher editor, excursion leader and producer of a number of series for ABC-TV. John served as President of the GTAV in 1967.
Joan Kent
GTAV: the first 50 years 9 Nora Wilkinson
Nora Wilkinson was born in New Zealand and studied Geography at the University of Otago. When she came to Melbourne there was no School of Geography at Melbourne University: her skills were in demand. She started teaching at P.L.C. in 1928, became Head of the Geography Department in 1934 and retired in 1966.
For those who were at PLC during those years, Nora Wilkinson will be known as Miss Wilkinson or Wilko, an inspirational Geography teacher. The outstanding results of her students became legendary. Her interest in each individual endeared her to all; her rigorous standards and high values commanded respect whilst her extra curricula activities and innovations made her far ahead of her times. Exchange of work and gifts with several Japanese schools added interest and helped encourage a global outlook. She was a member and a Vice-President of the original GTAV Committee and Convenor of the Book Review subcommittee. One of the first GTAV general meetings was ‘Practical Geography inside and outside the classroom’. The 1963 Minutes stated: “Mr Lloyd thanked Miss Wilkinson for her inspiration and never failing support”.
For those who had the privilege of knowing Nora Wilkinson beyond the classroom she will be affectionately remembered as ‘Jo’– a delightfully lively, warm hearted, humorous friend and companion. Her remarkable memory kept alive her intense interest in past and present members of P.L.C. and Geography communities until her death in 1986.
Joan Kent and Joan Montgomery
Geoff Lloyd
Following war service Geoff became a Geography and English teacher in secondary schools. For ten years in the 50s and 60s he taught at Melbourne Boys’ High School during which he became a significant influence on the development of geographical education in Victoria and on the establishment of the GTAV. Geoff was a member of the first committee and was Vice-President in 1961 and then the second President in 1962 and 1963. He served on the committee for most of its first 10 years and had a second term as Vice-President in 1964. He was deeply involved in all that happened in those early years of the GTAV.
In 1965 Geoff became an Inspector in Geography in the Education Department and his influence encouraging teacher professional development and the development of geography in schools became wider. Geoff was renowned as a very fair and encouraging inspector. In this role he was involved in developing regional networks of teachers so that, when the inspectorial role finished, geography teachers already had a wide-ranging professional network closely aligned with the GTAV. He was always supportive of his fellow teachers, whether within the private, Catholic or state systems, and confident in their ability to give children the very best in teaching.
The GTAV made Geoff a Life Member in 1974 and he continued to show his commitment to the work of the Association. His Ph.D. examining the impact of in-service on the development of teachers further demonstrated his intellectual ability, his commitment to education and his support and concern for teachers and teaching.
Bill Stringer, using material from Hec Gallagher
10 GTAV: the first 50 years The sixties
scenes. Most papers were published by Cheshire as and host members were John Bartels, John Collins, Geography in the Senior Forms, which was edited by Hec Gallagher, Joan Kac, Brian Spicer and Brother D.S. Biddle and K.J. Collins. As a consequence, it Peter Swain. was decided to hold a further meeting at the University of Melbourne on the 10 June 1967, to consider the The Australian Geography Teachers’ Association possibility of forming an organisation which would (AGTA), a federation of State Geography Teachers’ Associations, was formed at that meeting with a provisional executive of Don Biddle (NSW) President, John Collins (Vic) and A.R. Dyer (Qld) Vice-Presidents, Geoff Conolly … surviving members of the early (NSW) Secretary/Treasurer and Jim sixties Committee still meet for an Faull (SA) as Editor of the new national journal Geographical annual lunch and talk of the Education. present and future, not the past! In many ways it was a hectic ten years as those on the Committee would testify today. But it was lively and enjoyable and the friendships provide a link between Geography Teachers’ formed during those days have remained strong – and Associations throughout Australia and possibly New that may explain why the surviving members of the Zealand and Papua New Guinea as well. Victorian early sixties Committee still meet for an annual lunch delegates were Evelyn Ashcroft and David Chambers and talk of the present and future, not the past!
Basil Johnson
Basil Johnson with his wife and family arrived in Melbourne in early 1963. The GTAV was then less than four years old but recognised an ally immediately. His major task was to establish a Department within a new University but he was also quick to realise that his Department’s future would be influenced by the state of the subject and its teaching in schools.
Johnson had seen war service in both British and Indian Armies before returning to University teaching and research. As a senior lecturer in Geography at Birmingham he was well acquainted with school Geography in the United Kingdom as an examiner for the Northern Universities and for Oxford.
For most newly appointed professors the work involved with staffing and programming a brand new department would have been ample, but Basil Johnson, from the outset let it be known, that he was a friend to teachers. He gave an enormous amount of time not just as GTAV Vice-President but as a speaker, writer, lecturer and examiner, and as the driving force for syllabus change (called curriculum development today!) as a senior member of the Geography Standing Committee of Victorian Universities and Schools Examinations Board (VUSEB).
By recruiting his staff to implement training courses for teachers, by his involvement in National Conferences within the ANZAAS ambit, his contribution to the subject and its teaching at both secondary and tertiary levels was extraordinary. Above all, he allowed often enthusiastic but poorly trained teachers to feel that they could not only cope, but enjoy the new era of secondary school expansion. And he did it by rolling up his sleeves and being one of the workers.
John Collins
GTAV: the first 50 years 11 The seventies: a period of significant change
The 1970s saw the GTAV take a leading role in provision of curriculum support for teachers and schools.
HILE the cooperative camaraderie of the The Annual Conference became a major activity of GTAV in the sixties continued through the the GTAV. By the end of the decade geographers were W seventies, by 1979, the Association had even taking to the sky with Ansett for a ‘bird’s eye undergone some very significant changes. view’.
Incorporation in 1971 placed the GTAV on a more secure legal footing. Committee meetings, so GTAV as curriculum provider comfortably accommodated in the staff lounge at The decade also saw the GTAV take a leading role in Scotch College in the early years of the decade, were providing curriculum support to teachers and schools. to migrate to two less salubrious settings in Carlton In 1968 the Education Department moved to a ‘school- before sharing a home with the History Teachers’ based curriculum development policy’ without providing Association of Victoria (HTAV) at 85 Howard Street, clear guidelines and resources to teachers to assist North Melbourne in 1977. These moves were motivated them to develop quality courses for their students. As by the urgent need to establish an appropriate office a result, classroom teachers had a clear opportunity for the developments in secretarial staff, as well as and responsibility to develop programs specifically for housing the growing collection of classroom resources their own school. At the same time teachers were which had previously been stored in bedrooms and becoming more knowledgeable and innovative, due to garages.
In May 1970 the GTAV employed a part-time secretary and by the mid-1970s this had … [there was an] urgent need to expanded to a full-time position. In establish an appropriate office for 1977, a full-time Executive Officer, a seconded teacher from the the developments in secretarial Education Department of Victoria, staff, as well as housing the growing had also been appointed to support collection of classroom resources the Committee and coordinate the office staff. More importantly it which had previously been stored in meant that members’ enquiries and bedrooms and garages. materials orders could be processed more efficiently. These changes also led to significant improvements in the quality of in- house publications. the development of the Melbourne and Monash degrees in Geography, which had begun in the 1960s. While New needs were based on a growing membership these teachers had a sound understanding of the (540 members in 1970 to 812 by 1979) and a concepts, topics and methodology of Geography, they burgeoning financial base (the income in 1970 of $9,113 lacked experience and knowledge in curriculum had grown to $51,795 in 1979 and expenditure of development and implementation. $3,516 in 1970 grew to $42,799). Another result of the move to school-based The regular monthly meetings on Friday nights at curriculum was the rise in availability of sets of The Royal Society of Victoria building provided textbooks. Publishers were producing sets of texts, members with informative lectures at the start of the increasingly with practising teachers as authors. While decade. Interest however waned for such events. it was not the authors’ intentions, these text sets were Workshops and fieldtrips gathered momentum, providing teachers with a widening range of services. Continued on page 14
12 GTAV: the first 50 years The seventies
Michael Achurch
Michael Achurch first appeared on the Geography teaching scene in Victoria after his education in England and his first teaching appointment in Tanzania. On this overseas posting he led the Geography program at a local secondary school and also the Scout program and Outward Bound. From the start Michael was engaged with his students both inside and outside the classroom.
He came to Scotch College in 1964 and his ability and generous personality shone through. His classroom teaching skills were quickly evident, where his particular success was with middle secondary school students. What marked Michael’s teaching at all levels was the thoroughness of his preparation and his creativity in engaging his students in exciting learning activities. His eagerness for the reality of Geography emerged in his leading of an annual Geography tour for his Year 10 (Form 4) students.
His very early concern for the environment was evident as he involved his students in both the issues and the practical activities of environmental concern and action. Field and practical work were special interests into which he injected a spirit of inquiry and adventure. In 1975 he became head of the Geography department at Scotch and his boundless energy and enthusiasm and companionship made life in his department exciting and fulfilling.
By early 1966 he was elected a member of the GTAV Committee and began a major contribution to supporting the Geography teachers beyond his own school. He was on the Committee for ten years during which he was President for two years and worked energetically in all aspects of GTAV life – conferences for the new Geography courses, development of resources for Geography teachers, the Cartographic Competitions and the monthly meetings, which he chaired with wit and charm. As well he was AGTA Secretary/Treasurer (1972–1974) during which time he organised the 1972 Annual Conference, had a big hand in the success of the 1974 Conference in Brisbane, and led several AGTA overseas tours.
From his early years in Victoria, Michael played an important role on the Geography Committees of VUSEB and VISE and in setting examination papers for the Leaving Examination and the IARTV Test. In 1979 he was appointed Chairman of the VISE Geography Committee and engaged in the planning of the new Year 12 Course. He was open to innovative ideas but ensured that they were blended with the best traditions of the past.
As author, leader and especially as teacher, Michael exerted a considerable influence over Geography teaching throughout the state. His untimely death in 1979 cut short a career that would have extended this influence in so many ways.
Bill Stringer adapted from material provided by Alex Lyne
GTAV: the first 50 years 13 often used to form the basis of the Geography courses Aids, Curriculum (Course Project and then SGEP), in many schools. As well, challenges to the place of Field Studies, TV, Publications, Country Branches, Geography in the curriculum were posed by the rise Vacation Tours, Conference and Summer Schools. The of allied areas of study including General Studies, Visual Aids Subcommittee’s work was particularly Environmental Studies and broader social studies. So important in supporting the teaching of Geography. too, the growth in popularity amongst senior students The aim was to provide a diverse range of resources of Biology and Legal Studies was significant and for teachers to use with their classes. The decade impacted on the number of students taking Geography had begun with 12 slide sets available on various topics. in their final years. This increased by 1973 to 22 sets. The resources soon
In this context the GTAV recognised the need for support and guidance for curriculum development. The Course Development Project, a small scale teacher-based curriculum project convened by Bill Stringer [See Cameo], ran from 1970 to 1972. This was followed by the much more substantial Secondary Geographical Education Project (SGEP) which had its beginnings in 1974 under Rod Wellard, Kevin Blachford and Bill. In the latter half of the 1970s, the project was coordinated by two seconded teachers, Ross Hartnell [See Cameo] and Gary Pollard. The SGEP (1974–1982) developed through the years as a Members of the GTAV’s first study tour to Japan in 1970 major statewide teacher development and curriculum development project, expanded to include aerial photo sets (Japan from providing clear curriculum guidelines, units of work, the Air) and kits (Urban Transport in Melbourne and and resources to support teachers in developing Newport Power Station). In 1975 Sources and relevant, challenging and engaging Geography courses Resources, a Guide Book for Geography Teachers, for their students. [See Cameo] written by Tony Stutterd with a team of teachers, was published to help teachers explore and use the wealth Examination changes occurred at the senior level. of materials available from a wide range of government The Year 11 course was examined centrally for the departments, private organisations and companies. last time in 1972. The role of teachers in Year 12 curriculum and assessment was becoming more The development of these resources provided a significant by the end of the decade. Many teachers considerable income flow to support the GTAV in its also gave up their spare time to be involved in the provision of activities and resources for teachers. The external exam marking process, providing them with GTAV also organised very well attended Year 12 student valuable teaching insights, and enhancing their skills revision seminars in both metropolitan and regional in student assessment. The end of the decade was centres, a vital source of support for students and their marked by the planned transition from the Higher teachers. The publication of the resource file SGEP- School Certificate (HSC) to the new Victorian Institute PAK in May 1977, provided teachers with a level of of Secondary Education (VISE) Year 12 course, which ongoing material and curriculum support never before included planning for the consensus moderation of the available. Many resources were also being developed teacher-assessed components of this course -– the in partnership with the Audio Visual Education Centre Individual Research Project (IRP) and the Optional (AVEC), the ABC and other government agencies and Units. These initiatives, together with the growing subject associations. This growing confidence of maturity of the GTAV, contributed to significant teachers as they developed curriculum and resources developments in many areas of support for its led directly into the resource development program members. that saw its fruition early in the 1980s. In his time as President, Colin Green [See Cameo] provided particular The work of the Committee support for such entrepreneurial activities as SGEP- The structure and work of the GTAV Committee PAK. changed during the decade with far greater emphasis placed on the role of various subcommittees: Visual Continued on page 16
14 GTAV: the first 50 years The seventies
Bill Stringer
Bill Stringer started teaching in 1963 and immediately became an active participant in the teaching of Geography through his membership of the GTAV. While teaching at Flemington High School, he became a member of the Secondary Geography Committee from 1967 to 1973. Bill tutored in Geography Method at the University of Melbourne in 1969 and became method lecturer from 1970 to 1973. His contribution to the teaching of Geography at this time cannot be underestimated. He related well to his students, encouraged them to use new ideas and resources, and continued to support them through their early years of teaching.
As a GTAV Committee member from 1970 to 1978, Bill led the GTAV Curriculum Project (1970–1972). The model and the guidelines Bill produced were welcomed by the many teachers seeking direction for their role in the development of school-based Geography courses.
Bill was GTAV President from 1972 to 1975. His leadership, with his deep interest and expertise in Geography curriculum development, together with his research on stages of student learning, was critical to shaping the increased GTAV role in curriculum support through the 1970s. Throughout his time on the Committee, Bill was a strong and active supporter of country branches, and a source of much appreciated advice to regional Geography consultants and branch office bearers. Generous with his time, attending evening meetings throughout the state, and being keenly sought out by teachers for advice, Bill was always interested in hearing about teachers’ experiences and respectful of their insights.
As an important member of the Coordinating Group of the Secondary Geographical Education Project from1974 to 1978, his support for the curriculum team headed by Ross Hartnell and Gary Pollard ensured the SGEP made a significant contribution to the way forward for Geography teaching: teachers gained more control of what they taught in years 7–11 and the way it was taught. This was a period of growth for the GTAV as a professional teacher association, and Bill’s role was central to it.
Bill also represented GTAV on AGTA with his characteristic commitment and insight from 1972 to 1978, and was Vice-President of AGTA from 1975 to 1978.
A member of VUSEB Geography Standing Committee from 1970 to 1978, Bill was Chief Examiner for Geography from 1974 to 1977. His papers were challenging, but always fair and set to the stated objectives of the course. Year 12 teachers had great confidence in the Chief Examiner.
Bill’s legacy to the GTAV in particular and to the teaching of Geography in schools in general is above all one of giving confidence to young teachers and showing them how to become involved in significant curriculum change at the school level. This prepared them well to tackle the huge changes to the senior school curriculum in the 1980s. A passion for all that Geography could offer students drove Bill’s dedication to improving Geography teaching through the activities of the GTAV and the wider Geography support network. His integrity, his quietly considerate approach and his deep commitment to students and teachers were an inspiration to all who worked closely with him.
Colin Green
GTAV: the first 50 years 15 The Annual Conference provided an increasingly operated began in the early 1970s, especially through rich program which in turn attracted larger audiences. the vision of Colin Green, as Vice-President (1973– The initial focus mainly on senior courses, broadened 1975) and President (1977–1980). By 1979 the bulk to include all levels of secondary Geography. The of its membership came from government schools. Conference location moved from Monash University to Latrobe University, then Rusden State College and Australian Geography Teachers’ back to Monash. The format also changed significantly. Association Informative geographic lectures were reduced as AGTA continued to grow in strength and influence as aspects of geographical education gained greater it provided a linking point between the various state emphasis. Geography teachers’ associations. Its major role early in the decade was providing a biennial conference – Workshops were introduced to the annual 1970 in Adelaide, 1972 in Melbourne as part of the conference program encouraging more ‘hands on’ GTAV’s May Symposium, and 1974 in Brisbane. The activities for participants, and fieldwork programs 1976 Conference was held in Perth where the keynote provided ‘on site’ learning. Over the years, more and presenter was Rex Walford from the United Kingdom. more of these workshops were conducted by teachers, His subsequent visits to Victoria, created great interest who had gained confidence through their contributions in the use of simulation games as an engaging teaching to the Association’s magazine Interaction and their tool. The 1978 Conference was in Canberra. More participation in regional and school-based professional members became aware of Geography developments development programs, especially SGEP. in other states and the ways in which Victoria was contributing to national developments. AGTA’s role Summer Schools under Stuart Duncan, Tony became vital during this decade in speaking up for Stutterd and Ken Marriott continued to be offered in Geography in the curriculum and in schools, in the January vacation and then faded. The initial need response to the challenges from other subject areas for the summer schools declined because more and to the national debates on curriculum. teachers educated in the new Geography were now teaching in schools.
The biannual journal Geography Teacher had begun in 1961 and continued to be published under the editorships of Brian Spicer, Joe Hajdu, Ken Marriott and Kevin O’Connor until it ceased publication in 1978. Its function was taken, expanded, and made more relevant and flexible by the regular magazine, Interaction, which focused on classroom and teaching activities. It had begun in 1973 under Kevin Blachford’s editorship and replaced the older style Newsletters. Tour group enjoy a lunch stop during their visit to East Africa, January 1975 Organised tours enabled Geography teachers to expand their horizons. These Links with other agencies tours were often supported by contact networks in the The capacity of the GTAV to provide curriculum countries and regions visited, South-East Asia, India support, to further develop its production of classroom and East Africa to name a few. By the mid-1970s AGTA materials, and to enhance its role in teacher was organising multiple tours each year, being able to professional development was significantly draw on a wider clientele. The GTAV continued to offer strengthened as a result of the initiative and foresight tours as well, and by 1979 had expanded into student of the Victorian Education Department’s Geography tours to places such as New Zealand. Inspectors, particularly Geoff Lloyd and later David Chambers, who created a closely linked network of The range and complexity of these activities meant seconded Geography teachers to central and regional much of the GTAV’s work occurred between Committee curriculum support positions. Many of these teachers meetings. The Committee’s legal responsibility for the became active in the GTAV: on its Committee, as burgeoning finances and resources added to the workload. This change in the way the Committee Continued on page 18
16 GTAV: the first 50 years The seventies
Colin Green
Colin Green began his teaching career at Melbourne High School in 1967. With the publication of The Water Cycle in 1970, he quickly became a prominent figure in Geography circles in Victoria. This book became an essential text for the first section of the Year 12 Geography course. Colin went on to publish other texts, slide sets and multimedia resource kits, as well as The Australian Atlas program, which won the AGTA Award at the national conference in Adelaide in 1980.
Colin joined the GTAV Committee in 1972. As Vice-President (1973–1975), and President (1977–1980), Colin was a tireless ambassador for Geography, and for the work of the GTAV. He was very active on a number of the subcommittees, especially in the development of teaching resources and the professional development program. Support he gave for the emerging network of country branches of the GTAV was instrumental in building a strong statewide community of Geography teachers. Colin was a much sought after presenter at country branch meetings, where it was not uncommon for participants to travel long distances to attend his sessions. A regular presenter of revision lectures for Year 12 students in Melbourne and various regional centres, his ability to not only teach, but also to captivate and enthuse students from a variety of schools, will remain clearly etched in the memories of the teachers who were present.
Colin was a strong supporter of the SGEP. Without his advocacy, the GTAV Committee would never have agreed to take on the financial risks of funding the publication of SGEP-PAK. The success of SGEP-PAK emboldened the Committee to support other major publishing projects. Not only did Colin work tirelessly for the GTAV, he was also a vital role model and inspiration for many people, a number of whom became subsequent presidents.
Colin took on the role of Chairman of the VISE Geography Committee in 1979, steering the development of the new Year 12 Geography course through its most challenging stages. This included chairing the statewide course development workshops and negotiating VISE approval for a consensus moderation process of the teacher-assessed components of the course. Consensus moderation quickly became a very important source of teacher professional learning. Colin brought together over 50 teachers from around the state to develop and write the Year 12 Geography Resources Project, a series of seven textbooks covering each of the units in this new course.
A strong and inclusive leader whose commitment to Geography was an inspiration to others, Colin’s ability to involve and support Geography teachers in the work of the GTAV, made it a stronger, more vibrant and successful organisation.
Gary Pollard
GTAV: the first 50 years 17 members of its subcommittees, or as regional leaders. teachers” – and acted accordingly in supporting Rod Wellard’s contribution as GTAV Secretary (1974– publications, especially SGEP-PAK. Colin Green 1975) was enhanced by his role as statewide summed up this issue succinctly when he said: “The Geography In-Service Coordinator. In 1977 Maria Baker work was being funded or supported (staffed) by AVEC, was the first Executive Officer of the GTAV, and in C&R, GTAV and SGEP. In my opinion where the money 1978 Geoff Brebner took on that role. Beryl Raufer was coming from took a background position, because followed in 1979 and worked intensively on SGEP and the real winners were the Geography teachers of the new VISE Geography course. Victoria!” Conclusion To sum up the 70s, one of the regional consultants who became a Committee member said: “The increased support needs of teachers not only saw the extension of activities developed in its first decade, but led the Association to become influential in curriculum development.
The change was probably gradual until 1974. Then it quickened with Federal and State government funding which provided more PD opportunities, together with the expansion of the network of regional Members of an inservice activity during the 1970s consultants in 1974 and 1975, Country branches which began in the late 1960s many of whom initiated activities which involved increased in number and influence. By the middle of teachers more closely with the GTAV. the decade they were strengthened by the provision of regional Geography consultants who were able to There was a passion to promote Geography in develop effective local professional development schools and a wonderful camaraderie throughout programs, in consultation, and with the support of the GTAV leaders.
Federal Government support for teacher development through the Karmel Report, Innovations Grants, funding of in-service education activities, and establishment of the Curriculum Development Centre were also critical to developments at the state level. These were years of great energy and enthusiasm. A typical workshop group proudly display their work, June 1977 Any discussion about the 1970s would be incomplete without mention of the the 70s. I think everyone who served on the relationships between members of the GTAV Committee would say it was a privilege to get closely Committee, Secondary Geography Committee (SGC), involved. Curriculum & Research Branch (C&R), AVEC, VUSEB and later VISE. These close relationships occasionally On a strictly personal note, being lucky enough to led to some tension when questions were raised about be on the Committee provided me with the most who should publish particular materials. The GTAV intense and rewarding professional learning of my leadership took the attitude that the GTAV was best career. I had such wonderful and generous mentors. placed to serve teachers directly – “by teachers for It was also great fun!”
18 GTAV: the first 50 years The seventies
The Secondary Geographical Education Project (SGEP)
For the more than forty participants who attended the first SGEP conference at a venue near Lake Eildon in early October 1974, the concept of in-service education would be radically reshaped. A four-day residential program was very different for a start. Participants had to commit to pre-conference ‘homework’: set readings and a series of classroom learning activities designed to give insights into stages of student learning. Keynote presentations were few and very focused. The bulk of the program involved small groups working to develop firstly, a conceptual framework for Geography, and secondly, guidelines for what students were able to learn at the different levels of secondary schooling. Group work was intense. Regular progress reports kept ideas flowing and groups met well into each night. There was a remarkable consensus, and the program concluded with a substantial draft of guidelines for course construction. A more important and long-term outcome was a shared realisation that teacher collaboration was essential to improving the quality of Geography teaching and student learning.
This conference was the first step in a visionary strategy; a response to the needs expressed by teachers for assistance with the development of school-based Geography courses and needs resulting from Education Department curriculum reforms through the 1960s that had progressively removed centrally prescribed courses. By 1973, only Year 12 courses were prescribed statewide.
The SGEP was sponsored by the GTAV with the cooperation of the Education Department’s Secondary Geography Committee, and made possible by funding through the Australian Schools Commission. It drew on the GTAV Course Project (1970–1972) led by Bill Stringer, and research undertaken by Kevin Blachford an Education Department Geography Curriculum Officer, published in a series of important Department monographs. The appointment of Rod Wellard as a teacher in-service and curriculum officer with the Department, with his experience as both a Geography teacher and a training officer in industry, was critical to obtaining funding, and to the emphasis on teacher collaboration which shaped the entire project.
A second statewide residential conference held in Carlton in April 1975 completed the course construction guidelines. At regional workshops teachers developed banks of ideas for unit development. A third statewide residential conference later in 1975 involved teachers in unit writing. From 1976 the project was managed by the SGEP Coordinating Group led by Ross Hartnell and later with Gary Pollard as the SGEP Coordinators. Over the next five years many units were written at regional workshops. Some were submitted to the Coordinating Group for evaluation, before being published statewide.
Many school-based course and unit development workshops were conducted by members of the SGEP team and by regional consultants, producing a wealth of material for publication. To assist teacher access, a decision was taken in late 1976 to use a loose-leaf binder file to bring together key project documentation and teaching resources. The GTAV Committee funded the publication of SGEP-PAK. Much to the relief of Committee the initial print run of 600 copies was quickly sold, as was a further printing of 300 copies.
The SGEP was completed in 1982 with a formal evaluation study, by which time more than 2,500 teachers had participated in some aspect of the project. It had attracted interest from interstate Geography teachers and Geography associations, and from countries such as New Zealand, Nigeria, Canada and the United Kingdom. The SGEP had a profound influence on the development, philosophy, objectives and content of the VISE Year 12 Geography course (1981–1991). What was unique – and a more striking testimony to the impact of the SGEP – was that it was a course developed by more than 600 teachers through collaboration in statewide and regional workshops.
Gary Pollard
GTAV: the first 50 years 19 20 GTAV: the first 50 years The seventies
Ross Hartnell
Ross Hartnell was a leading figure in geographical education in Victoria from 1976 until the mid 1980s. Ross began his teaching career at Morwell High School in 1967. His innovative approach to Geography teaching resulted in an invitation to take on the role of Geography consultant in the Gippsland Region in 1974.
Ross had serious concerns about his capacity to support Geography teachers in a region that stretched from Drouin to Mallacoota, and from Wonthaggi to Omeo, with only a two- day time release per week from his school. Not only was he highly effective in his two years in the region, but he also took a leading role in providing the expanding network of regional Geography consultants with much needed practical professional development. In 1976 Ross was appointed to the Education Department’s Curriculum and Research Branch in Carlton as a Geography Curriculum Officer. He became the Team Leader of the Secondary Geographical Education Project at C&R in 1977, a position he held until the project was completed in 1982.
During this period Ross was a key member of the GTAV Committee contributing to the work of a range of subcommittees, including Curriculum, Professional Development, and Publications. Ross coordinated the preparation and production of the first major GTAV publishing project, SGEP-PAK, which contained course advice and teaching materials. The success of SGEP-PAK owed much to Ross’ vision and his editorial skills. Ross was appointed to the VISE Geography Committee as a GTAV representative in 1978. He was instrumental in developing the framework for the new Year 12 Geography course which was introduced in 1981.
Together with Colin Green, Ross planned and convened the residential conferences that enabled many teachers to actively participate in writing the new course. He was also responsible for setting up the consensus moderation groups that not only moderated the teacher-assessed components of the course, but proved to be an invaluable form of teacher professional development. Ross served as GTAV Vice-President (1979–1980), and then as President (1981–1982). He was also an active member of AGTA Council from 1980 to 1984. Amongst his contributions to AGTA, Ross coordinated the planning of the 1982 National Conference in Melbourne.
Everyone who worked with Ross respected his professionalism, felt inspired by his work ethic, and delighted in his company. He was a consummate team player. In his many and varied Geography support roles, Ross never lost sight of his guiding principle, that the first and foremost priority was to support teacher learning as the key to improving student learning.
Gary Pollard
GTAV: the first 50 years 21 The eighties: meeting new challenges
The introduction of a new Year 12 course saw the Association respond by undertaking an ambitious publishing project.
HE first two years of the 1980s presented the The Year 12 textbooks were finally published by GTAV with arguably its most demanding Heinemann during 1981, and they became the largest Tchallenges to that point in its history – an collaborative effort of school textbook writing ambitious publishing project to support the undertaken to that time in Victoria. No one involved in implementation of the new Year 12 Geography course this project received any payment and all royalties in 1981, and the organisation of the 8th AGTA from sales went to the GTAV. This generated a Conference to be held at Melbourne State College in significant income that was used to produce more January 1982. Somehow, despite the heavy additional materials, such as map sets. It also provided a financial workload, the GTAV maintained the levels of support base that enabled the GTAV to purchase its own office its members had come to expect. The Association building by the end of the decade. was fortunate that Alison Cole (later Wehrmann), who first joined the Committee in 1978, took on the role of GTAV support for the introduction of the Year 12 Executive Officer in 1980. Alison’s organisational skills Geography course did not end with the publication of underpinned the calm efficiency of the office, as well the Year 12 textbooks. In May 1980, the GTAV organised enabling her to provide timely support to the many a residential workshop to develop specific guidelines to members working on GTAV projects during this period. support teacher assessment of the IRPs and the Optional Units. The program for the Annual Conference in August The framework for the Year 12 course had been focused on helping teachers prepare for the new course. created by teachers at two residential workshops Two hundred and fifty teachers attended. The GTAV took organised by the GTAV in April and July 1979. GTAV a leading role in the implementation of the consensus Committee members were engaged in developing the moderation process that was critical to ensuring specific details of the course description booklet, statewide comparability of teacher assessments of the including the innovative elements, the Individual IRP and the Optional Units. Thirty-six panels of teachers Research Project and consensus moderation carried out this process, with each panel comprising a processes, prior to VISE accreditation of the course carefully balanced blend of schools from the Government, early in 1980. As GTAV President and Chairman of Catholic and Independent systems. The overwhelming the VISE Geography Committee, Colin Green’s majority of panel leaders were active GTAV members. leadership was vital to the successful completion of Consensus moderation meetings quickly became these tasks. He received strong support from the important forums for teacher professional development Committee, EO Alison Cole and the office staff, as and collaboration. Classroom materials, teaching well as from many members of the GTAV. strategies and fieldwork activities were routinely shared.
Most people would have happily accepted that now Early in 1981, planning of the 8th AGTA Conference the many challenging tasks involved in the course commenced. Even with the years of experience project had been successfully completed, it was time members of the planning subcommittee had organising to enjoy a more normal workload. Not Colin Green! GTAV Annual Conferences, a five-day national Responding to a widely expressed concern from conference presented many challenges. Under Ross teachers about teaching materials for this course, Colin Hartnell’s leadership, an engaging program of lectures quickly developed a proposal for a Year 12 Geography and workshops was developed around the theme, Resources Project [See Cameo]. The proposal Geography: Action in Society. The keynote speaker included a textbook and a resource file containing case was Eleanor Rawling from the United Kingdom. studies for each of the seven units. Many teachers Eleanor’s role in leading the UK Geography 16–19 registered an interest in contributing to the writing of Project was critical to raising issues about the the resource books and seven others bravely agreed relevance of Geography to students in the post- to be book editors. There was no doubt that many of compulsory years of schooling. The Conference these volunteers did so with a rush of blood, and later attracted 280 participants from all parts of Australia. found the writing of material to be difficult and time consuming, particularly meeting very tight deadlines. Continued on page 24
22 GTAV: the first 50 years The eighties
Year 12 Resource Project
The development of the Secondary Geographical Education Project and, more importantly, a program of statewide, regional and school-based professional development, provided the training necessary for many teachers to become competent and confident in writing classroom teaching units. Writing textbooks and compiling resource files for Year 12 students and teachers was an altogether different challenge, particularly given the anxiety accompanying the introduction of a new course.
The initial concerns of editors and contributors were allayed by Colin Green’s expertise in publishing quality Geography classroom materials, his commitment to the successful implementation of the new course, and his infectious and seemingly unshakeable belief that a project of that scale, requiring the commitment of so many, was possible. His choice of editors was astute; they were conscientious people who shared his vision, and who had consistently contributed to the work of the GTAV. The editors were: David Roberts The Earth in Action; Elida Brereton Resources and the Environment; Wallace Anderson Territories and Boundaries; John Moar Population Change; Susan Fallaw Geographic Perspectives on Development; Rob Berry Settlement Patterns and Bruce Tamagno A Geography of Recreation.
An Editorial Panel produced guidelines for structure and style, and the editors were carefully briefed. David Roberts [See Cameo] produced the first draft of the introductory chapter of The Earth in Action and submitted it to the Editorial Panel, as well as sharing copies with the other editors. The idea was to establish the format and language style that other editors and contributors could follow. No doubt David rued his conscientiousness when two members from the Editorial Panel met him with a significant list of changes that needed to be made. To his great credit he had a second draft ready within a week. He had provided the model for others to follow. Doubts were dispelled. The project had gained the momentum it needed.
The seven textbooks were published in 1981, with written contributions from more than 50 Geography teachers. However, there were only two resource files published – The Earth in Action and A Geography of Recreation. The intention to produce seven resource files was overly ambitious.
David Roberts and Gary Pollard
GTAV: the first 50 years 23 Challenges and subject decline created some division among Geography teachers. A major initiative of the GTAV was the organisation of Many had formed long-standing and very definite views a residential conference at Lake Eppalock, in of the ‘content’ of a Geography curriculum. The idea November 1982, under the theme Current Concerns of teaching such topics as green dinosaurs, saving and Future Directions in Geography. The rationale for pandas and worker exploitation did not appeal to some the program was a deep concern about the declining who felt they could not be readily accepted as status of Geography as a stand-alone subject in many Geography. schools, coupled with a strong desire to strengthen its relevance and appeal to students. Five priorities Other changes were identified and working groups were established. From 1980 to 1984 the GTAV Executive Officer was This initiative stalled in 1983 when a statewide review Alison Wehrmann (née Cole). She coordinated the and reorganisation of the Education Department’s many activities of the GTAV, and was always alert to curriculum support services took place. new possibilities to support its members. Alison’s dedication to the Association was further evidenced The Curriculum Branch Geography Team had been by the fact that she served two years as Vice- disbanded at the end of 1982. Many regions no longer President following her time as Executive Officer. Rob had regional Geography consultants, or reduced the Stowell took over as the now renamed Education position to one day a week. These changes impacted Officer in 1985 and introduced computers into the on the GTAV because many of these seconded office. By 1986 when Anna-Louise Crellin took on the teachers worked on the Association’s projects. The situation deteriorated further when the Education Department … by the close of the decade the announced its decision to meet only half the salary of the GTAV’s Executive Officer GTAV was in the position to from 1984. The GTAV faced a critical purchase its own office – a challenge as it was the sole provider of testimony to the revenue advice, materials and professional development to teachers. New Government generated from the sale of books curriculum policies reduced the position and other materials. of Geography in secondary schools to one component of Social Education. Many hours were spent in meetings to develop strategies to position of Education Officer, the office at Howard Street respond to this situation. Clearly articulated vision was very crowded. Extra staff had been employed to statements and position papers were produced by the deal with the increased business and there was a real GTAV and AGTA. One major example was the GTAV’s problem in storing a burgeoning stock of classroom Value of Geography statement. Unfortunately these resources. In 1986, the GTAV moved with the HTAV to responses had limited impact on curriculum policy in an old building with more space at 402 Smith Street government schools. Social Education shaped Collingwood. Storage of materials was in an old stable curriculum provision from Years 7 to 10 in many at the back of the building. These arrangements did schools and the number of students taking Geography not succeed and in 1987 the GTAV moved to an office at Years 11 and 12 began to drop markedly. at 464B Glenhuntly Road, Elsternwick.
New Wave Geography The 1980s had seen dramatic change especially During this decade, membership of the GTAV because of financial pressures, but by the close of Committee changed significantly. Such long-serving the decade the GTAV was in the position to purchase members as Wallace Anderson, Elida Brereton [See its own office – a testimony to the revenue generated Cameo], Ross Hartnell and Gary Pollard resigned, from the sale of books and other materials. and a new band of enthusiastic members replaced them. These included Lyn Bentley, Stephen Cranby 1990s on the way [See Cameo], Anna-Louise Crellin, Sarah Ewing, Brian While Committee membership changed significantly Martin, Rob Stowell [See Cameo] and Marilyn Wiber during this decade, two people provided continuing [See Cameo] who were keen to make their own mark leadership. Rob Berry [See Cameo] first joined the on the GTAV. Some were graduates of Melbourne Committee in 1979 and served as a Committee State College and had been profoundly influenced by member for fifteen years until 1993. During this period Tony Stutterd and the more social aspects of Rob held a number of leadership positions, being Geography. This contrasted with the Geography of elected as Vice-President in 1981, President in 1983– those who were trained in the late 1960s and early 84 and 1990–91 and Treasurer in 1987–89. Similarly, 1970s. The GTAV embarked on a New Wave publishing Marilyn Wiber, who first joined the Committee in 1985 project, with 11 teachers contributing to two textbooks and later served as Vice-President from 1991 to 1994, [See Cameo]. However, the New Wave project when provided a very strong link between the developments combined with the trend towards social education, of the 1980s and the work of GTAV in the next decade.
24 GTAV: the first 50 years The eighties
Rob Berry
When Rob Berry arrived in Victoria in 1972 to teach Geography at Healesville High School, he had already had significant teaching experience in South Africa, England and Canada. In 1973 Rob was appointed to Heidelberg High School and his expertise was quickly recognised, resulting in his secondment in 1978 to be the Geography consultant in the Northern Metropolitan Region. This marked the beginning of Rob’s prodigious and continuing contribution to geographic education.
In 1979 Rob was seconded to the Education Department’s Audio Visual Education Centre where, amongst his other duties, he played a leading role in the production of the highly acclaimed film, Our Fragile Coast. His broader expertise resulted in an appointment to the Department’s Curriculum Branch Geography Team (1980– 1982) where he made a significant contribution to the Secondary Geographical Education Project (SGEP).
As a GTAV Committee member from 1979, Rob quickly became involved in curriculum projects, professional development programs and the production of teaching resources. He made a dedicated contribution to the development of the VISE Year 12 Geography course description, including assessment techniques and consensus moderation processes. Many teacher concerns would have been allayed by his masterful presentation to the 1980 GTAV Annual Conference on approaches to the Individual Research Project, an innovative component of the new course. Rob was editor of Settlement Patterns, one of seven textbooks published in 1981 as part of the GTAV’s Year 12 Resources Project. His role as a long-serving member of the Year 12 Examining Panel and as its chairperson (1983–1991) demonstrated Rob’s intellect, rigour and fairness. The range of classroom resources that bear his name is exceptional: from textbooks, atlases, map sets, film and resource kits to innovative classroom applications for new learning technologies, such as the use of satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
His peers quickly acknowledged Rob’s leadership skills. He served two terms as GTAV President (1983–1984 and 1990–1991). Unsurprisingly, his expertise led him to a long and productive national role, firstly as a Council member of the Australian Geography Teachers’ Association (AGTA) and then as AGTA President (1991–1993). In addition to contributing to a range of AGTA policy statements and publications, he was also the convenor of the 12th AGTA Conference in 1990. Rob has represented the GTAV on almost every course review and accreditation body since the early 1980s. He has been a staunch advocate for Geography through his participation in an extensive list of committees and working parties responding to State and Federal governments’ curriculum policies, frameworks and innovations.
Remarkably, Rob’s contribution to the GTAV and AGTA grew after his return to full-time teaching in 1983 and his appointment to a succession of key school leadership positions over the next twenty years. A consummate team member, supportive colleague and a fine mentor, Rob has made an unrivalled contribution which has earned him the deep respect of close colleagues and of Geography teachers within Victoria and Australia wide.
Bruce Tamagno, Kerry Bainbridge and Gary Pollard
GTAV: the first 50 years 25 26 GTAV: the first 50 years The eighties
Rob Stowell and New Wave Geography
It was Geoff May who first brought Rob Stowell to my attention; Geoff had told us of an exceptionally talented 16 year old in his Year 12 class at Richmond High School. Not long afterwards, Rob found his way into one of my classes, and whilst I wouldn’t claim Melbourne State College challenged him to the full, clearly some seeds were sown. When he was appointed to Thomastown High School in late January 1980, and told he needed to have a number of electives ready for his students by the following week, these seeds sprung into life. He phoned me, to see whether what he had in mind sounded OK. I was amazed that a very young graduate about to begin the first year of teaching, could convert so quickly strategies and ideas heard about in teacher education into practical material relevant to the lives of 15 year olds.
The eighties were a time when SGEP approaches had become widely accepted in schools. It was also when the need for the development of a detailed examination of the value of Geography in schools was apparent. During the eighties, Rob not only taught at Thomastown, but also established his name within the Geography community, through his teaching at Melbourne State College, his work for GTAV including the lectures he gave at conferences, and a stint at the Curriculum Branch of the Ministry of Education.
The GTAV had embarked on the idea to publish two textbooks which would embody principles espoused in the recently published Value of Geography booklet. Rob was one of a team of writers to prepare the New Wave Geography texts (NWG) – texts that he and Lynn Bentley also edited and which were published by Jacaranda Press. The topics chosen for individual chapters would have resonated with young people, even if only in name. Rarely would they have encountered them in Geography classes: homelessness, forest exploitation, ageing, food scarcity, refugees, waste management, globalisation, health, tourism, unemployment, human rights… In addition, the text style and layout – lots of graphics, colour, ‘on-the-frontline’ photos, multiple font variation and double-page spread – quite common in North American popular creative publications, were techniques in their infancy in Australian publishing. New Wave was an approach to Geography with heart and head in almost equal proportions, actively engaging students in their own learning.
Though New Wave Geography gained acceptance in many schools, and added a new dimension to the debate about the contribution of Geography to education, controversy surrounding the NWG texts continued for several years post-production. Articles in the press, questions in State Parliament and debate in many faculty meetings provided publicity, both positive and negative.
Throughout his career, Rob has been highly creative, clear-minded, focused and incredibly hardworking. His was a plain speaking, cut-to-the-chase approach, and he was prepared to ruffle feathers in order to see things completed.
Tony Stutterd
GTAV: the first 50 years 27 David Roberts
David first became involved with the GTAV as an active member of its Bendigo branch in 1974 when he was a young teacher at Rushworth High School. David’s infectious enthusiasm and his ability to engage with teachers from all school sectors were very important in building the close working relationships that quickly made the branch viable.
While the branch was fortunate in its first year in having Bill Stringer and Colin Green run evening workshops which drew appreciative audiences, the program for most monthly meetings involved members sharing classroom and fieldwork strategies. David quickly gained the respect of the regular members because he was always interested in, and appreciative of, the ideas and advice of others. He willingly shared his ideas in the self-effacing style that those who have worked with David will know only too well. In 1974, the branch obtained professional development funding for a regional course development project culminating in a two- day residential conference at Lake Eppalock where David embraced the project enthusiastically, helping to develop a number of very practical course construction guidelines. These guidelines were incorporated into the Secondary Geographical Education Project (SGEP) Geography Course Construction Rationale in 1975. David continued to be a major contributor to the branch program until he received a transfer from Rushworth, and continued his active support for SGEP and the Gippsland Regional branch during his teaching at Koo Wee Rup High School.
David played a very prominent role in the Year 12 Course Development workshops in 1979, particularly in preparing the course description for one of the core units – The Earth in Action. He willingly agreed to be the editor of the GTAV’s Year 12 Resources Project textbook and resource file for this unit. David was elected to the GTAV Committee in 1980 and he quickly became involved in a range of subcommittee projects. Most notably, David was the Convenor of the Association’s Annual Conference for several years – a role that gave him deep satisfaction. The many tasks involved in successfully staging the conference required an extraordinary degree of teamwork, which David coordinated skilfully. David added examining and consensus moderation to his workload and applied his energy to GTAV Year 12 exam lectures visiting many regional centres on an annual pilgrimage. In his eight years on the Committee, David was President for two years (1985–86), and Vice-President for three years (1983–84 and 1987) – a fitting acknowledgement by his peers of his leadership skills and his tireless efforts to support Geography teachers.
David’s deep respect for the work of the Association and for the many people who contributed with such distinction can be seen in an article he wrote for the March 1988 edition of Interaction announcing his resignation from the GTAV Committee because of a job promotion. “I guess the pinnacle of my involvement with GTAV was my two years as President – no doubt the greatest honour ever to be granted to me.” Those of us who were fortunate to work closely with David would say in fact, the honour was ours. Like the GTAV leaders who preceded him, David had the gift of inspiring others by his whole-hearted and selfless commitment to the aims of the Association, and by being ever ready to volunteer to take on complex and demanding projects.
Gary Pollard
28 GTAV: the first 50 years The nineties The nineties: change becomes the only constant
The Association purchases its own premises and pushes for the recognition of Geography as a stand-alone subject.
N 1990, the GTAV’s second book in the New Wave Under the leadership of Barrie Jones, six overseas Geography textbook series received the AGTA tours were held during the 1990s. These included IAward for Secondary School Text. The commercial Zimbabwe (July 1994), Zimbabwe and Kenya (July success of New Wave Geography provided the GTAV 1995), South America (January 1997), Turkey-Jordan with sufficient funds to purchase its own office. Rob (January 1998), Samoa (July 1998) and Vietnam Berry, Julie Dyer and Stephen Matthews searched (January 1999). extensively for a suitable site and in 1990 the current premises at 503 Burke Road Hawthorn South were GTAV members continued to play an important role purchased. For the first time the GTAV had a home, in the assessment program of the Victorian Certificate after renting five different inner suburban premises. What of Education (VCE) Year 12 Geography course. might have seen an expanded and enhanced service Geography teachers across the state were organised to members was reduced by the impact of initiatives into Verification Panels. Committee members and key beyond the GTAV’s influence. Having already contested practitioners amongst the GTAV membership – Kerry and weathered the incorporation of Geography into Bainbridge [See Cameo], Leonie Brown, Stephen Social Education in the Victorian Curriculum Cranby and Terry McMeekin amongst many others – Frameworks in the latter half of the previous decade, volunteered to administer Victorian Curriculum and the GTAV was to find itself engaged in a long-running Assessment Board (VCAB) assessment procedures. campaign to argue the case for Geography as an It soon became apparent that the involvement of active important and indispensable part of the curriculum for GTAV members in verification benefited the GTAV all students. The increased involvement of both State through its professional development program, and Federal Governments in determining curriculum, highlighting the Association’s leadership role in the which brought Geography under the umbrella of Studies minds of teachers. of Society and the Environment (SOSE), presented the GTAV with a succession of ongoing challenges. The same involvement could be seen with the Examination Panel set up by VCAB to prepare the The first change within the office was the VCE Geography examination. Again, key members appointment of a Project Officer (Judy Mraz) in 1990. of the GTAV were prominent in the formal structure The relative spaciousness of the new premises soon throughout this period notably Stephen Cranby, Alison accommodated an expansion of office staff that in turn Wehrmann and Marilyn Wiber. The GTAV’s continued led to a diversification of administrative procedures and development and publication of an annual Trial VCE roles including the position of Administrative Secretary Examination paper provided a means by which its role being upgraded to Office Manager, and the appointment could be promoted at popular professional development of a Librarian to manage the Orbis Library (1992). activities, as well as producing valuable income.
The complexity and wide-ranging nature of GTAV The GTAV was active in responding to the National services in the 1990s to its membership is evident Curriculum Statements and Profiles produced under from a consideration of its subcommittee structure – direction from the Australian Education Council. The Annual Conference, Curriculum, Interaction, Materials GTAV formed a National Curriculum Working Group, Production, Membership and Marketing, Professional which consulted widely with members in preparing a Development and the newly convened Study Tours. response to the mooted change in the role and status This extensive subcommittee structure enabled the of Geography. In 1994, the Working Group was GTAV to develop considered responses to a range of transformed into the Curriculum Subcommittee and State and Federal educational policy initiatives. GTAV its brief expanded to report on changes and strategies members would have appreciated the improved quality to protect Geography on school timetables, a response and presentation of Interaction as well as new teaching to the Civics Expert Group’s report, Civics and resources which included a second version of the Citizenship Education, and the role of Geography in Bushfire Kit and materials that incorporated satellite Vocational Education and Training. imagery. Continued on page 31
GTAV: the first 50 years 29 Marilyn Wiber
Marilyn Wiber joined the GTAV in 1983 as a co- opted committee member arriving in Victoria from the Australian Capital Territory. She left the committee in 1996 which marks an amazing contribution over so many years. She has always been an active Geographer in her school and indeed it can be said that Marilyn’s career certainly represents the scale characteristic of Geography.
Marilyn has been an active contributor to the local network, a dedicated member of the GTAV committee (1983–1996), Vice-President of GTAV from 1991 to 1994, the diligent Vice-President of Australian Geography Teachers’ Association and a contributor and presenter at the International Geography Union level, from 1988 to 1996. At the international level her contributions have been in the area of enquiry based learning, the role of Geography in the Curriculum Standards Framework, and the use of text books in the delivery of Geography.
Marilyn has always been passionate about the inclusion of fieldwork in Geography classes. She has organised fieldwork for students, Geography teachers in Victoria, interstate and international teachers through AGTA. Marilyn has been an active participant in fieldwork, not just a passive observer. She has rafted, walked, photographed, canoed, and measured, sketched and counted, as a Geographer does; she has pushed bogged buses, stood in the rain, and come home dirty as a Geographer does! She has led trips to temperate forests in Toolangi, metropolitan rubbish tips, beaches around Melbourne, local creeks and parks. Many of these adventures have been revisited through Marilyn’s generosity in sharing her resources and knowledge at conferences, through networks, through Interaction articles and Sanity Saver units, and in the text book format. Marilyn has been an important contributor in such GTAV publishing ventures as New Wave Geography, Place and Change and New Perspectives.
Marilyn has been extremely active in the curriculum arena, where she was heavily involved in the development of the Victorian Certificate of Education Geography course in 1990s. She has been a respected assessor, and an examiner of Year 12 Geography. Despite this hectic workload, she gave unstintingly of her time to provide professional development sessions, articles in newspapers and bulletins, presentations throughout the State and even television broadcasts to support Geography teachers.
Marilyn has made a magnificent contribution to Geography teachers and students over her many years of involvement through GTAV. She has worked tirelessly in all her numerous roles, she has been a mentor to many and has made a huge contribution to the professionalism and camaraderie of the GTAV over many years.
Kerry Bainbridge
30 GTAV: the first 50 years The nineties
When the then Victorian Education Minister for 40 years. The GTAV had always enjoyed close announced that the state would develop its own relations with tertiary geographers and teaching method Curriculum and Standards Frameworks (CSF), the lecturers, and they continued to support the GTAV GTAV was faced with the daunting task of supporting through the nineties. This support was manifested in Geography now one of five strands in the new SOSE sessions at annual conferences, field trips, articles curriculum. As a response, in 1995 the GTAV published contributed to Interaction, and participation in a poster and pamphlet entitled Geography in the CSF. committee work, especially related to the VCE. Such The Department of Education intended to assist its high profile involvement was a boon to beleaguered implementation through an extensive Key Learning teachers who could take comfort in the existence of Area Support Materials Project. The GTAV formally viable Geography departments in the universities. responded contributing to the re-establishment of Geography as a stand-alone strand within Curriculum The only constant in the nineties was change – and Standards Framework II (CSF II). change to policy, school organisation, assessment, reporting and funding. Withdrawal of Department The GTAV’s advocacy for Geography was deeply funding necessitated the GTAV transforming itself into appreciated by many committed teachers who felt their a highly complex business organisation. This included subject was being marginalised by State education management of staff contracts, annual reviews, and policy. Perhaps the appointment of Rob Gell in 1996 various leave and superannuation responsibilities. as Patron of the GTAV indicated the Association’s These changes also meant the GTAV was able to early recognition of the need to further enhance its select its Education Officer from the wider Geography profile. The GTAV acted as a clearinghouse for community, rather than solely from government teachers’ reactions, as a forum to consider school- schools. based strategies to promote Geography, and as a vehicle for representing teachers’ responses to outside The GTAV had survived in an era of declining imperatives. enrolments. Yet, whilst the scale of secondary school geographical education had diminished, the GTAV, For many members this was a time of deep faced with ever mounting challenges and the need to concern. Geography had long occupied a respected generate capital, had strengthened its resource base niche in schools’ programs and had been strong and emerged as a disciplined and highly competent enough for its teachers to support a viable association business organisation.
Elida Brereton
A passionate geographer – one can only imagine how the story may have unfolded if the principal of Shepparton Girls’ had stuck to the script and kept with his original plan for his first year out teacher to take an English allotment. Instead Elida was appointed Head of Geography in that year and thus began an illustrious career.
Whilst teaching Geography at Shepparton and later at Bell Park High in Geelong, Elida fostered the development of Geography at the local level. Links with the GTAV were developed and a vibrant branch network of geography teachers evolved. In 1981, Elida was elected to the GTAV Committee. Now based in Melbourne, Elida continued to offer highly popular conference workshops and supported the VCE Geography textbook series produced by the GTAV in the writing of Resources and the Environment. Elida’s pragmatic approach has also enabled Geography to be at the forefront of decision making in her capacity as member of the Australian Schools Commission, consensus moderator for Geography during the era of IRPs and as a member of the Board of Studies.
The GTAV continues to be supported by Elida in her role as principal of Camberwell High School, which has been the venue for GTAV annual conferences since 1996. Always a geographer, Elida’s fine contribution to the GTAV was recognised in 1992 when she was made a Life Member.
Libby Hillman
GTAV: the first 50 years 31 The 2000s: building new foundations for the future
The Association builds on its long tradition of developing new resources and providing outstanding professional learning activities for Geography teachers.
T the start of 2000, the GTAV had a membership At the Federal level, the then Minister for Education, of 641 members including 364 schools. During The Honourable Julie Bishop commissioned a review Athe early 2000s the position of President was of the teaching of Geography in April–May 2007. This held by Jeana Kriewaldt [See Cameo] to be followed resulted in a report entitled A Study into the Teaching by Julie Findlay and Dominique Wiegand. Increasing of Geography in Years 3–10. AGTA, with strong GTAV time pressures led to the position being split in mid- support, lobbied successfully to ensure Geography 2007 with two Co-Presidents, Leonie Brown and received a place in the National Curriculum to be Susanne Puszka, sharing the role in 2007 and 2008. implemented in 2011. AGTA published Australians Kerry Bainbridge was elected to the position for 2009. need Geography and sent this to the Minister in 2007, followed by the publication of Geography: It’s Essential Having established the home of GTAV in the Burke in 2008. Road premises in 1990, there was a need to ensure these facilities were the most appropriate for the At the VCE level, the Geography course for senior GTAV’s long-term needs. An investigation into future students also underwent changes. In 2000, Unit 4 property alternatives began in 2000 and, rather than brought a focus on place and change, including relocate, it was decided that renovations would be sustainable development. The GTAV produced a highly undertaken. With the project ably managed by Jeana, successful VCE text, Place and Change, for the new these began in 2003 and were completed in February Study Design followed by a second edition in December 2004. Life Member Rob Berry officially opened the 2002. When that course was reviewed in 2003 and refurbished premises in August of that year to coincide 2004, work began on a replacement textbook, New with the Annual Conference. Perspectives, which involved 16 writers. This textbook provided timely support for the current VCE course at Curriculum developments the start of 2006. In terms of curriculum, Geography continued to battle under the SOSE banner in the middle school years. This new course saw the introduction of two With the release of CSF II in February 2000, however, mandated topics in Units 3 and 4. The Unit 3 topic Geography’s role was more explicitly represented. focused on water management in the Murray-Darling Despite this a questionnaire sent out by GTAV to Basin while the study of human population as a global member schools in 2004 found that Geography was phenomenon was mandated in Unit 4. VCE support most likely taught as part of SOSE in Years 7 and 8 material was provided to students via preparation and was an elective in 40% of schools at Year 10. workshops, and lectures on topic revision and exam Numbers of students studying at VCE level were preparation. These student lectures were videoed for around 2,700 at each of Units 1 and 2 (Year 11 the first time in 2001, enabling access for country Geography) and Units 3 and 4 (Year 12) studies; a students. decline since the 1990s with the influence of competing studies in addition to that of SOSE. Throughout the 2000s there was increasing interest in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a In 2006, the publication of the Victorian Essential geographic tool. Under the leadership of first Rob Berry Learning Standards (VELS) saw Geography explicitly and then Pat Beeson, a GTAV GIS Working Group written into the curriculum as part of the Humanities was formed. GIS workshops became a regular feature Domain. There was an increased emphasis at primary at in-service presentations but many teachers were level and VELS Levels 4 to 6 (up to Year 10) with two hampered in their use of GIS in the classroom by issues Dimensions included: Geographical knowledge & of access to computers, software and data. GTAV understanding, and Geospatial skills. GTAV published responded to such needs when it included a CD-ROM The Essence of Geography: Using Spatial Concepts (VELS 4–6) to cater for this development. Continued on page 34
32 GTAV: the first 50 years The 2000s
Stephen Cranby
Stephen Cranby was initially a Committee member from 1986 to 1990. He returned to Committee in 1994 as Vice-President, held office as President in 1997 and 1998 and then a number of positions until 2003. He also represented GTAV on the AGTA Council between 1995 and 2005 including a period as AGTA President. Stephen was presented with GTAV Life Membership in May 2005 and he continues to actively support the work of GTAV.
Stephen has contributed in such diverse areas as an author of New Wave and Place and Change textbooks, via input into development of the CSF for Victorian schools, conceptualising and developing the winning grant application for AusAID funding, and of course, his continued passion for teaching Geography at Camberwell High School. Stephen is an inspiration to us all and we thank him for his dedication to both the GTAV and geographical education.
Jeana Kriewaldt
Jeana’s involvement with the GTAV Committee began in 1993 and continued throughout the 2000s. She has held various roles including four years as Vice-President (1995–1998) and three as President (1999–2001). Jeana has also been actively involved with AGTA.
As a geographical educator at the University of Melbourne, Jeana has emphasised the rich role of geographic learning and, through her passion for the subject, has inspired her students.
She is currently undertaking her PhD thesis on teaching standards in relation to the Geography classroom. Jeana was granted GTAV Life Membership in 2005 – a fitting recognition of her outstanding contribution to both the organisation and to the subject.
John Ramsdale
A passionate Geography teacher, John taught at Parade College, Loyola College and most recently, at Catholic Ladies’ College Eltham. Always willing to share his ideas and resources with colleagues, John has been an integral part of the GTAV North East Metropolitan Network for many years. Throughout his career, John has presented at many conferences, student lectures and in-service activities for new VCE Geography teachers. In addition, John has written numerous articles for Interaction as well as chapters for many textbooks. His love of fieldwork has been a particular focus.
John Ramsdale’s contribution to the teaching of Geography was formally recognised at the 2008 Annual Conference at which he was presented with a GTAV Award for Geographical Excellence. Although John retired from teaching at the end of 2008, he decided to devote some of his ‘free’ time as a GTAV Committee member from 2009, no doubt ensuring things geographical will remain a big part of his life.
Trish Douglas
GTAV: the first 50 years 33 incorporating PDF files with GIS-enabled layers in a to China in April 2000, once again led by Barrie Jones. new GTAV topographic map set in 2008. In January 2001, Rob Berry organised and personally escorted a group of 12 people on a trek along the Conference themes Milford and Routeburn Tracks in New Zealand. In The Annual Conference continued to play an important January 2003 Barrie led a trip to Indochina taking in role for the GTAV and its members, in terms of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. He also organised and curriculum development, networking opportunities and escorted tours to India in January 2005, South America financial benefits. Most Annual Conferences were held in January 2007 and most recently to Mexico and Cuba in January 2009. Recognition The following members were presented with the GTAV Award for Geographical Excellence (GAGE): 2000 Ray Pask, Melbourne High School; 2006 Clare Rafferty, Ringwood Secondary College and Andrew Chisholm, McKinnon Secondary College, and 2008 John Ramsdale [See Cameo], Catholic Ladies’ College Eltham.
The GTAV received numerous AGTA awards throughout the 2000s for the quality of resources it continued to produce. Due recognition must go to the GTAV staff who facilitated the development of such resources, particularly the Directors of Projects, GTAV study tour group to India led by Barrie Jones Denise Miles and Judy Mraz. As editors of Interaction they both also ensured this journal moved with the at Camberwell High School, thanks primarily to the times with the first colour insert being included in generosity of the school principal and GTAV stalwart, Volume 34, 2006. Elida Brereton. In 2002, the 36th Annual Conference was probably memorable because it was not held at The future our usual venue and our regular caterers were sorely Writing at the start of 2000 as GTAV President, Jeana missed! Conference themes ranged from “Local and Kriewaldt, wrote of challenges facing our organisation. Global Perspectives for the 21st Century” in 2000, to These included supporting an increased number of “Our Common Humanity” in 2008. In addition to the untrained teachers of Geography, articulating the value annual conference, AGTA conferences continued to of Geography in career paths, and utilising technology offer further opportunities for geographers. In 2004 the to support members, particularly non-metropolitan “Linking Latitudes Conference” in Hanoi was offered members. As we head into another decade, it seems by the Asia Education Foundation in partnership with these challenges are still very much with us. AGTA and Asia 2000 Foundation of New Zealand. Those GTAV members who attended found this most insightful. GTAV Honorary Life Members Global Education Project With the successful tendering by the GTAV for the Nora Wilkinson 1973 (deceased 1986) Global Education Project (GEP) in 1999, the GEP grew Geoff Lloyd 1974 (deceased 2005) considerably as time progressed. One year into the Alex Lyne 1974 project AusAID’s Arthur Burch reported that it had Phyllis Reichl 1974 (deceased 2005) “exceeded expectations”. Throughout the 2000s GEP John Collins 1976 continued to expand with a third part-time Global Hec Gallagher 1976 Education Officer being appointed in January 2009. Michael Achurch 1979 (deceased 1979) Under this project a number of vital publications were Colin Green 1985 released headed by Global Perspectives: A Statement Ross Hartnell 1985 (deceased 2000) on Global Education for Australian Schools in 2002. Bill Stringer 1985 These resources were provided free to schools and Rob Berry 1992 received wide acclaim. GTAV successfully tendered Elida Brereton 1992 for another three years commencing in 2007. David Roberts 1992 Bruce Tamagno 1992 Study tours Marilyn Wiber 1995 Study tours continued to be an important part of the Nan Gallagher 1996 GTAV’s program and, as in the 1990s, destinations Stephen Cranby 2005 were many and varied. The decade began with a tour Jeana Kriewaldt 2005
34 GTAV: the first 50 years The 2000s
Kerry Bainbridge
As GTAV President in 2009, Kerry Bainbridge can draw on experience dating from 1983 when she first joined the Committee. She has assumed many responsibilities, including terms as Secretary and Treasurer, and has always been a willing contributor to GTAV initiatives, especially conference organisation and the planning and presentation of professional development activities. In 1983 she edited the revised Population Change for the GTAV-sponsored series for HSC Geography, has represented GTAV members on VCE Geography course development and reaccreditation committees, and has been involved in the publication of GTAV texts to support VCE Geography such as New Perspectives.
Throughout her teaching career, Kerry has maintained a deep commitment to collegiality in geographical education. She presented frequently at GTAV annual conferences and generously provided leadership at GTAV regional workshops and student lectures. In her professional role since 1992 as State Reviewer (when the VCE was introduced), Kerry generously and unstintingly used her classroom expertise and insight into state education policies to inform and enhance GTAV programs and activities. Her willingness to represent the GTAV included school visits, satellite broadcasts and specialist videotapes, placing her at the very forefront of effective professional development. Since 1990, it is likely that Kerry has interacted directly with every teacher of VCE Geography as well as many other secondary school Geography teachers.
Bruce Tamagno
Presidents Education Officers
Alex Lyne 1959–1961 Maria Baker 1977 Geoff Lloyd 1962–1963 Geoff Brebner 1978 John McDowell 1964–1965 Beryl Raufer 1979 Norm Gill 1966 Alison Cole 1980–1984 Alex Lyne 1966 Rob Stowell 1985 John Collins 1967 Anna-Louise Crellin 1986–1987 Brian Spicer 1968–1969 Julie Dyer 1988–1990 Michael Achurch 1970–1971 Bronwen Perry 1991–1993 Bill Stringer 1972–1974 Astrid Heckler 1994–1996 Greg Brinsmead 1975–1976 Jennifer Love 1996–1997 Colin Green 1977–1980 Jo McCoy 1998–1999 Ross Hartnell 1981–1982 Howard Brown 2000–2001 Rob Berry 1983–1984 Noel Broadway 2002–2005 David Roberts 1985–1986 Anne Dempster 2006–2008 Rob Stowell 1987–1988 Adriana Abels 2009 ongoing Sarah Ewing 1988–1989 Rob Berry 1990–1991 Stephen Matthews 1992–1996 Stephen Cranby 1997–1998 Jeana Kriewaldt 1999–2001 Julie Findlay 2002–2003 Dominique Wiegand 2004–2007 Leonie Brown 2007–2008* Susanne Puszka 2007–2008* Kerry Bainbridge 2009 ongoing *Co-Presidents
GTAV: the first 50 years 35 Afterword
HE preceding chapters have provided a synopsis governments, the essence of the GTAV has been of the development of the GTAV over the past teachers helping teachers. Teachers have formed the Tfive decades, as well as brief profiles of some of bulk of the Committee and its leadership; they have the outstanding contributors and several major responded to the need for resources for teaching by initiatives. Even if much more had been written, it would consistently producing a range of excellent classroom have been difficult to do justice to the rich history of materials. the Association and its tradition of professional camaraderie. Drawing on the expertise and interests of its members, the GTAV has an enviable record in providing The pioneers of 1959 and 1960 created a highly timely and high quality professional development professional subject association, that through the programs, which have enabled the sharing of new ideas decades has accurately identified the support needs and innovative classroom strategies. One of the of its members, and has been innovative in developing Association’s earliest priorities was to promote the sophisticated ways of responding to these needs, even use of fieldwork in Geography courses. Leading GTAV in times when finances were tight. Visionary and members conducted field trips for teachers, to a variety dedicated leaders have served the GTAV wonderfully, of interesting locations, providing model activities to including Committee and subcommittee members, assist teachers to plan their own. In the decades since, ably supported by very professional administrative the GTAV has continued to offer fieldwork models staff. The Association has always enjoyed the strong through its publications and its professional support of many of its members. development program. Over the five decades, the Association has not only provided curriculum advice Geography has faced many challenges over the to teachers, it has played a leading role in shaping decades. In some schools it has been a traditionally Geography courses at each level of schooling. strong stand-alone subject. In other schools it appears Throughout this period, the GTAV has been proactive as but one of many options, particularly in the middle in preparing considered responses to the curriculum years. In yet others, it has been blended with different and policy challenges of the educational scene. Critical Humanities subjects. The GTAV has been able to to the success of all these activities has been the effectively support teachers in all of these situations. support provided to the Committee by a growing office Whenever Geography’s status has been challenged staff. by State and Federal government policies, the GTAV has consistently championed the important In many ways, the GTAV today is vastly different contribution Geography can make to the immediate from the organisation it was in the 1960s. It has evolved and lifelong education of each and every student. as a mature and effective professional organisation. The strong thread that binds the five decades has been Essentially the GTAV has been a self-help the GTAV’s commitment to make Geography in the organisation. Although it has received great support classroom and in the field, a lively, relevant and deeply from universities and tertiary colleges and from rewarding experience for students and teachers alike.
Abbreviations
ABC – Australian Broadcasting Commission IARTV – Incorporated Association of Registered Teachers of AGTA – Australian Geography Teachers’ Association Victoria ANZAAS – Australian and New Zealand Association for the IRP – Individual Research Project Advancement of Science JCSAV – Joint Council of Subject Associations of Victoria AVEC – Audio Visual Education Centre (of the Victorian (now CPTAV) Education Department) NWG – New Wave Geography (text books) C & R – Curriculum and Research Branch (of the Victorian SGEP – Secondary Geographical Education Project Education Department) SGEP-PAK – Secondary Geographical Education Project CPTAV – Council of Professional Teaching Associations of (Folder of resources and courses) Victoria (previously JCSAV) SGC – Secondary Geography Committee (of the Victorian CSF – Curriculum and Standards Framework Education Department) CSF II – Curriculum and Standards Framework II SOSE – Studies of Society and Environment GAGE – GTAV Award for Geographical Excellence STC – Secondary Teachers’ College GEP – Global Education Project (linked to AusAID) VCAB – Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Board GIS – Geographic Information Systems VCE – Victorian Certificate of Education GSC – Geography Standing Committee VELS – Victorian Essential Learning Standards GTAV – Geography Teachers’ Association of Victoria VISE – Victorian Institute of Secondary Education HSC – Higher School Certificate VUSEB – Victorian Universities and Schools Examinations HTAV – History Teachers’ Association of Victoria Board
36 GTAV: the first 50 years