Math. Ann 189 (1970), 280-284
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Subspaces and Quotients of Topological and Ordered Vector Spaces
Zoran Kadelburg Stojan Radenovi´c SUBSPACES AND QUOTIENTS OF TOPOLOGICAL AND ORDERED VECTOR SPACES Novi Sad, 1997. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 I: TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR SPACES::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 1.1. Some properties of subsets of vector spaces ::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 1.2. Topological vector spaces::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 1.3. Locally convex spaces :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 1.4. Inductive and projective topologies ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15 1.5. Topologies of uniform convergence. The Banach-Steinhaus theorem 21 1.6. Duality theory ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 28 II: SUBSPACES AND QUOTIENTS OF TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR SPACES ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 39 2.1. Subspaces of lcs’s belonging to the basic classes ::::::::::::::::::: 39 2.2. Subspaces of lcs’s from some other classes :::::::::::::::::::::::: 47 2.3. Subspaces of topological vector spaces :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 56 2.4. Three-space-problem for topological vector spaces::::::::::::::::: 60 2.5. Three-space-problem in Fr´echet spaces:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 65 III: ORDERED TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR SPACES :::::::::::::::: 72 3.1. Basics of the theory of Riesz spaces::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 72 3.2. Topological vector Riesz spaces ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 79 3.3. The basic classes of locally convex Riesz spaces ::::::::::::::::::: 82 3.4. l-ideals of topological vector Riesz spaces ::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
Functional Properties of Hörmander's Space of Distributions Having A
Functional properties of Hörmander’s space of distributions having a specified wavefront set Yoann Dabrowski, Christian Brouder To cite this version: Yoann Dabrowski, Christian Brouder. Functional properties of Hörmander’s space of distributions having a specified wavefront set. 2014. hal-00850192v2 HAL Id: hal-00850192 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00850192v2 Preprint submitted on 3 May 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Communications in Mathematical Physics manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Functional properties of H¨ormander’s space of distributions having a specified wavefront set Yoann Dabrowski1, Christian Brouder2 1 Institut Camille Jordan UMR 5208, Universit´ede Lyon, Universit´eLyon 1, 43 bd. du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France 2 Institut de Min´eralogie, de Physique des Mat´eriaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Univer- sit´es, UMR CNRS 7590, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Mus´eum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. Received: date / Accepted: date ′ Abstract: The space Γ of distributions having their wavefront sets in a closed cone Γ has become importantD in physics because of its role in the formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. -
Topological Vector Spaces, by A
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 82, Number 4, July 1976 BOOK REVIEWS Topological vector spaces, by A. Grothendieck, Gordon and Breach, New York, London, Paris, 1973, x 4- 245 pp., $19.50. (Translated by Orlando Chaljub) This book is a translation of the notes of a course given by Grothendieck in Sao Paulo in 1954 and published in French during the same year (a second edition came out in 1958, a third in 1964). The original lecture notes had several distinctions: they constituted the first expository treatment of locally convex spaces, they contained much material which could not be found anywhere else, and, most importantly, they were written by a man who had become one of the leading mathematicians of the 20th century. Grothendieck was engaged in research on topological vector spaces between 1950 and 1953. During this period he put his stamp on the theory and proved some of its deepest results. In 1954 he wrote his lectures in complete mastery of the whole field as the top expert on the subject: already for this reason alone the notes deserve to appear as a printed book. It begins with a Chapter 0 entitled "Topological introduction" and contain ing preliminary material concerning topics which were less well known in 1954 than they are now: initial and final topologies, precompact sets, topologies in function spaces and equicontinuity. The writing is very concise, and since Chapters I-IV, VIII and IX of Bourbaki's "Topologie générale" are stated to be prerequisites anyway, the reader is advised to study the material in Bourbaki's Chapter X, preferably in the "entirely recast" 1961 edition. -
COUNTABLE-CODIMENSIONAL SUBSPACES of LOCALLY CONVEX SPACES by J
COUNTABLE-CODIMENSIONAL SUBSPACES OF LOCALLY CONVEX SPACES by J. H. WEBB (Received 9th December 1971) A barrel in a locally convex Hausdorff space E[x] is a closed absolutely convex absorbent set. A a-barrel is a barrel which is expressible as a countable intersection of closed absolutely convex neighbourhoods. A space is said to be barrelled {countably barrelled) if every barrel (a-barrel) is a neighbourhood, and quasi-barrelled (countably quasi-barrelled) if every bornivorous barrel (ff-barrel) is a neighbourhood. The study of countably barrelled and countably quasi-barrelled spaces was initiated by Husain (2). It has recently been shown that a subspace of countable codimension of a barrelled space is barrelled ((4), (6)), and that a subspace of finite codimension of a quasi-barrelled space is quasi-barrelled (5). It is the object of this paper to show how these results may be extended to countably barrelled and countably quasi-barrelled spaces. It is known that these properties are not preserved under passage to arbitrary closed subspaces (3). Theorem 6 shows that a subspace of countable codimension of a countably barrelled space is countably barrelled. Let {£„} be an expanding sequence of subspaces of E whose union is E. 00 Then £' s f] E'n, and the reverse inclusion holds as well (1) if either (i) E'\o(E', E)~\ is sequentially complete or (ii) E'[fi(E', £)] is sequentially complete, and every bounded subset of E is contained in some En. Theorem 1. Let E[%\ be a locally convex space with r = n(E, E') (the Mackey CO topology). -
Arxiv:1811.10987V1 [Math.FA]
FRECHET´ ALGEBRAS IN ABSTRACT HARMONIC ANALYSIS Z. ALIMOHAMMADI AND A. REJALI Abstract. We provide a survey of the similarities and differences between Banach and Fr´echet algebras including some known results and examples. We also collect some important generalizations in abstract harmonic anal- ysis; for example, the generalization of the concepts of vector-valued Lips- chitz algebras, abstract Segal algebras, Arens regularity, amenability, weak amenability, ideal amenability, etc. 0. Introduction The class of Fr´echet algebras which is an important class of locally convex algebras has been widely studied by many authors. For a full understanding of Fr´echet algebras, one may refer to [27, 36]. In the class of Banach algebras, there are many concepts which were generalized to the Fr´echet case. Examples of these concepts are as follows. Biprojective Banach algebras were studied by several authors, notably A. Ya. Helemskii [35] and Yu. V. Selivanov [62]. A number of papers appeared in the literature concerned with extending the notion of biprojectivity and its results to the Fr´echet algebras; see for example [48, 63]. Flat cyclic Fr´echet modules were investigated by A. Yu. Pirkovskii [49]. Let A be a Fr´echet algebra and I be a closed left ideal in A. Pirkovskii showed that there exists a necessary and sufficient condition for a cyclic Fr´echet A-module A♯/I to be strictly flat. He also generalized a number of characterizations of amenable Ba- nach algebras to the Fr´echet algebras (ibid.). In 2008, P. Lawson and C. J. Read [43] introduced and studied the notions of approximate amenability and approxi- mate contractibility of Fr´echet algebras. -
Tightness and Distinguished Fréchet Spaces ✩
J. Math. Anal. Appl. 324 (2006) 862–881 www.elsevier.com/locate/jmaa Tightness and distinguished Fréchet spaces ✩ J.C. Ferrando a,J.K˛akol b, M. López Pellicer c,S.A.Saxond,∗ a Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad M. Hernández, E-03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain b Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Pozna´n, Poland c Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y IMPA, Universidad Politécnica, E-46022 Valencia, Spain d Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, PO Box 11805, Gainesville, FL 32611-8105, USA Received 22 April 2005 Available online 20 January 2006 Submitted by T.D. Benavides Abstract Valdivia invented a nondistinguished Fréchet space whose weak bidual is quasi-Suslin but not K-analytic. We prove that Grothendieck/Köthe’s original nondistinguished Fréchet space serves the same purpose. In- deed, a Fréchet space is distinguished if and only if its strong dual has countable tightness, a corollary to the fact that a (DF)-space is quasibarrelled if and only if its tightness is countable. This answers a Cas- cales/Kakol/Saxon ˛ question and leads to a rich supply of (DF)-spaces whose weak duals are quasi-Suslin but not K-analytic, including the spaces Cc(κ) for κ a cardinal of uncountable cofinality. Our level of gen- erality rises above (DF)- or even dual metric spaces to Cascales/Orihuela’s class G. The small cardinals b and d invite a novel analysis of the Grothendieck/Köthe example, and are useful throughout. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Class G; Quasibarrelled; K-analytic; Quasi-Suslin; Compact-open ✩ The research of the second author was supported by the Komitet Badan´ Naukowych (State Committee for Scientific Research), Poland, grant no. -
2-Symmetric Locally Convex Spaces
2-SYMMETRIC LOCALLYCONVEX SPACES D. E. EDMUNDS In [l] it is shown that barrelledness and quasi-barrelledness are merely the two extreme examples of a property, called 2-symmetry, which may be possessed by a locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space. The object of this note is to show how recent char- acterisations [2; 3] of barrelled and quasi-barrelled spaces may be subsumed under characterisations of 2-symmetric spaces, and to ex- hibit some properties of these spaces. First we need some definitions and simple results. 1. Let £ be a locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space (abbreviated to LCS in what follows), and let S be a class of bounded subsets of E whose union is E. Let E' denote the topological dual of E, and let E'z be the set E' endowed with the topological of uniform convergence on the members of 2. Definition 1. A subset of E is said to be X-bornivorous if it absorbs every member of 2. Definition 2. We say that E is "2-symmetric if any of the following equivalent conditions hold : (a) Every S-bornivorous barrel in £ is a neighbourhood of zero. (b) Every bounded subset of E'j¡ is equicontinuous. (c) The topology induced on E by the strong dual of E% is the original topology of E. The equivalence of these conditions was proved in [l]. If 2iG22 it is easy to see that Si-symmetry implies 22-symmetry ; the strongest restriction on E is obtained by taking for 2 the class s of all subsets of E consisting of a single point, and then S-symmetry is simply the property of being barrelled. -
181. on Nuclear Spaces with Fundamental System O F Bounded Sets
No. 8] Proc. Japan Acad., 44 (1968) 807 181. On Nuclear Spaces with Fundamental System o f Bounded Sets. II By Shunsuke FUNAKOs1 (Comm. by Kinjiro KuNUGI, M. J. A., Oct. 12, 1968) A locally convex vector space with a countable fundamental system of bounded sets has already been developed in several bibliog- raphies. Barrelled spaces and quasi-barrelled spaces with a count- able fundamental system of compact sets has been studied by J. Dieudonne [2] and by M. Mahowald and G. Gould [7] respectively. We considered, the open mapring and closed graph theorems on a nuclear dualmetric space in the previous paper [4]. Let E be a nonmed space then E is a nuclear space if and only if it is finite dimentional. It is also known that a nonmed space can only be a Montel (i.e., barrelled and perfect) space if it is finite dimen- sional. In this paper, we prove a nuclear dualmetric space which is quasi-complete is Montel space, and using this result, we consider analogous theorem to M. Mahowald and G. Gould [7], in nuclear space. For nuclear spaces and its related notion, see A. Pietsch [8] and S. Funakosi [4]. Most of the definitions and notations of the locally convex vector spaces are taken' from N. Bourbaki [1] and T. Husain [5]. Definition. Let E be a locally convex space and E' its dual. (1) I f only all countable strong bounded subset o f E' are equi- continuous, then E is called the oW-quasi-barrelled. (2) Let E be a a-quasi-barrelled space, if there exists a countable fundamental system o f bounded subset in E, then E is called the dual- metric space. -
Stojan Radenovi C Zoran Kadelburg
Scientiae Mathematicae Vol.1, No. 11998, 43{49 43 ON A. GROTHENDIECK'S PROBLEMS CONCERNING F AND DF{SPACES Stojan Radenovic Zoran Kadelburg For non-exp erts only Received Novemb er 7, 1996; revised March 6, 1997 Abstract. This is an exp ository article devoted to the answers to the ten op en problems from the fundamental pap er [16] of A. Grothendieck, some of whichwere given in the recent years. A signi cant contribution to the development of the theory of lo cally convex spaces lcs , as a part of functional analysis, was given in the fties by a group of French mathematicians L. Schwartz, N. Bourbaki, J. Dieudonn e, A. Grothendieck. The dominant part in their work, concerning this part of functional analysis, was devoted to the so called duality theory.Itwas esp ecially applied to the investigation of metrizable, i.e. Fr echet lcs, which are \nearest" to the normed and Banach spaces [14]. The article [16] of A. Grothendieck \on F and DF spaces" takes a sp ecial place in the theory of lcs. Apart from solving nearly all the problems of L. Schwartz and J. Dieudonn e, p osed in [14], a signi cant class of spaces|\DF-spaces"|was intro duced in it. This class contains a lot of imp ortant functional spaces|we mention just a few, following the pap er [16] itself: m 0 0 m 0 a The spaces E , E , D , D , intro duced byL.Schwartz in [28] for ap- L L p p plication in the theory of distributions; also the space C of continuous functions with compact supp ort. -
Normed Spaces Which Are Not Mackey Groups
axioms Article Normed Spaces Which Are Not Mackey Groups Saak Gabriyelyan Department of Mathematics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; [email protected] Abstract: It is well known that every normed (even quasibarrelled) space is a Mackey space. However, in the more general realm of locally quasi-convex abelian groups an analogous result does not hold. We give the first examples of normed spaces which are not Mackey groups. Keywords: normed space; Mackey group; locally quasi-convex; compatible group topology MSC: 46A8; 46E10; 54H11 1. Introduction Let (E, t) be a locally convex space (lcs for short). A locally convex vector topology n on E is called compatible with t if the spaces (E, t) and (E, n) have the same topological dual space. The famous Mackey–Arens Theorem states that there is a finest locally convex vector space topology m on E compatible with t. The topology m is called the Mackey topology on E = E Mackey space associated with t, and if m t, the space is called a . The most important class of Mackey spaces is the class of quasibarrelled spaces. This class is sufficiently rich and contains all metrizable locally convex spaces. In particular, every normed space is a Citation: Gabriyelyan, S. Normed Mackey space. Spaces Which Are Not Mackey ( ) Groups. Axioms 2021, 10, 217. For an abelian topological group G, t we denote by Gb the group of all continuous https://doi.org/10.3390/ characters of (G, t). Two topologies m and n on an abelian group G are said to be compatible axioms10030217 if (\G, m) = (\G, n). -
Arxiv:2010.02606V2 [Math.FA] 7 Oct 2020 Ohfo Nasrc on Fve Sfrcnrt Ucinad( Space and the Therein
WEIGHTED (P LB)-SPACES OF ULTRADIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS AND MULTIPLIER SPACES ANDREAS DEBROUWERE AND LENNY NEYT Abstract. We study weighted (PLB)-spaces of ultradifferentiable functions defined via a weight function (in the sense of Braun, Meise and Taylor) and a weight system. We characterize when such spaces are ultrabornological in terms of the defining weight system. This generalizes Grothendieck’s classical result that the space M of slowly increasing smooth functions is ultrabornological to the context of ultradifferentiableO functions. Furthermore, we determine the multiplier spaces of Gelfand-Shilov spaces and, by using the above result, characterize when such spaces are ultrabornological. In particular, we show that the multiplier space of the space of Fourier ultrahyper- functions is ultrabornological, whereas the one of the space of Fourier hyperfunctions is not. 1. Introduction Countable projective limits of countable inductive limits of Banach spaces, called (P LB)-spaces, arise naturally in functional analysis. Classical examples are the space of distributions, the space of real analytic functions and the space M of slowly in- creasing smooth functions. In order to be able to apply functional analyticO tools such as De Wilde’s open mapping and closed graph theorems or the theory of the derived projective limit functor [30], it is important to determine when such spaces are ultra- bornological. Note that this is a non-trivial matter as the projective limit of a spectrum of ultrabornological spaces is not necessarily again ultrabornological. The problem of characterizing when (P LB)-spaces are ultrabornological has been extensively studied, both from an abstract point of view as for concrete function and (ultra)distribution spaces; see the survey article [14] and the references therein. -
Abdus Salam United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural International Organization Centre
the Miii abdus salam united nations educational, scientific and cultural international organization centre international atomic energy agency for theoretical physics ON WEIGHTED SPACES WITHOUT I A FUNDAMENTAL SEQUENCE OF BOUNDED SETS J.O. Olaleru 4 Available at: http://www. ictp.trieste.it/~pub_ off IC/2001/7 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS ON WEIGHTED SPACES WITHOUT A FUNDAMENTAL SEQUENCE OF BOUNDED SETS J.O. Olaleru1 Mathematics Department, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos and The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy. Abstract The problem of countably quasibarrelledness of weighted spaces of continuous functions, of which there are no results in the general setting of weighted spaces, is takcled in this paper. This leads to the study of quasibarrelledness of weighted spaces which, unlike that of Ernst and Schnettler[4], though with a similar approach, we drop the assumption that the weighted space has a fundamental sequence of bounded sets. The study of countably quasibarrelledness of weighted spaces naturally leads to definite results on the weighted (DF)-spaces for those weighted spaces with a fundamental sequence of bounded sets. MIRAMARE - TRIESTE September 2001 'E-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction and notations The countably barrelledness,countably quasibarrelledness, barrelledness, quasibarrelleness of the space C(X) of continuous functions on a completely regular Hausdorff space X equipped with the compact open topology(c-op), including when it is a (DF)-space and (gDF)-space, is well known (e.g.see [8] and [14]). In the more general setting of weighted spaces, Ernst and Schnettler[4] studied the (gDF) and the quasibarrelledness of weighted spaces by constructing a Nachbin family on X which is based on the assumption that the weighted space has a fundamental sequence of bounded sets.