Enceladus Saturn’S Sparkling Gem
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GAME of MOONS a TALE of ICE and FIRE 3 × 50 Min
© NASA SCIENCE GAME OF MOONS A TALE OF ICE AND FIRE 3 × 50 min. Written and produced by Ivo Filatsch 4K, 5.1 and Stereo Executive Producer: Sabine Holzer Join us on a spectacular rollercoaster ride through our solar system! This three-part series explores alien worlds of extremes right in our celestial neighbourhood, each single one amazing, fascinating, and unique in its own way. veryone knows the moon — our Moon … case for Triton. It circles around Neptune in the It may come as a surprise, but there are opposite direction — in a retrograde orbit. more than 200 of these natural satellites But this brings a problem: the laws of physics orbiting other planets in the solar system! dictate that in this situation, Triton is being EAll these moons are incredibly different regarding slowed down all the while, this way getting ever their size, but also in terms of their environments. closer to Neptune. Studying these alien worlds in detail is important. Scientists have calculated that in about 100 Thanks to the insights scientists are getting million years from now, Triton will reach its Roche through observations, measurements, and radius. This is the zone where the gravitational conclusions, we all get a better understanding of forces of Neptune will become too strong to our world as a whole. withstand — and Triton will be ripped apart into pieces … And the better we understand our neighbour- hood, the better we get to know our home planet CHAPTER 2: LIFE … Our moon is much more than just a nice decora- tion in the night sky. -
The Geology of the Rocky Bodies Inside Enceladus, Europa, Titan, and Ganymede
49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2083) 2905.pdf THE GEOLOGY OF THE ROCKY BODIES INSIDE ENCELADUS, EUROPA, TITAN, AND GANYMEDE. Paul K. Byrne1, Paul V. Regensburger1, Christian Klimczak2, DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl1, Steven A. Hauck, II3, Andrew J. Dombard4, and Douglas J. Hemingway5, 1Planetary Research Group, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA ([email protected]), 2Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, 3Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA, 5Department of Earth & Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Introduction: The icy satellites of Jupiter and horizontal stresses, respectively, Pp is pore fluid Saturn have been the subjects of substantial geological pressure (found from (3)), and μ is the coefficient of study. Much of this work has focused on their outer friction [12]. Finally, because equations (4) and (5) shells [e.g., 1–3], because that is the part most readily assess failure in the brittle domain, we also considered amenable to analysis. Yet many of these satellites ductile deformation with the relation n –E/RT feature known or suspected subsurface oceans [e.g., 4– ε̇ = C1σ exp , (6) 6], likely situated atop rocky interiors [e.g., 7], and where ε̇ is strain rate, C1 is a constant, σ is deviatoric several are of considerable astrobiological significance. stress, n is the stress exponent, E is activation energy, R For example, chemical reactions at the rock–water is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature [13]. -
Cassini Update
Cassini Update Dr. Linda Spilker Cassini Project Scientist Outer Planets Assessment Group 22 February 2017 Sols%ce Mission Inclina%on Profile equator Saturn wrt Inclination 22 February 2017 LJS-3 Year 3 Key Flybys Since Aug. 2016 OPAG T124 – Titan flyby (1584 km) • November 13, 2016 • LAST Radio Science flyby • One of only two (cf. T106) ideal bistatic observations capturing Titan’s Northern Seas • First and only bistatic observation of Punga Mare • Western Kraken Mare not explored by RSS before T125 – Titan flyby (3158 km) • November 29, 2016 • LAST Optical Remote Sensing targeted flyby • VIMS high-resolution map of the North Pole looking for variations at and around the seas and lakes. • CIRS last opportunity for vertical profile determination of gases (e.g. water, aerosols) • UVIS limb viewing opportunity at the highest spatial resolution available outside of occultations 22 February 2017 4 Interior of Hexagon Turning “Less Blue” • Bluish to golden haze results from increased production of photochemical hazes as north pole approaches summer solstice. • Hexagon acts as a barrier that prevents haze particles outside hexagon from migrating inward. • 5 Refracting Atmosphere Saturn's• 22unlit February rings appear 2017 to bend as they pass behind the planet’s darkened limb due• 6 to refraction by Saturn's upper atmosphere. (Resolution 5 km/pixel) Dione Harbors A Subsurface Ocean Researchers at the Royal Observatory of Belgium reanalyzed Cassini RSS gravity data• 7 of Dione and predict a crust 100 km thick with a global ocean 10’s of km deep. Titan’s Summer Clouds Pose a Mystery Why would clouds on Titan be visible in VIMS images, but not in ISS images? ISS ISS VIMS High, thin cirrus clouds that are optically thicker than Titan’s atmospheric haze at longer VIMS wavelengths,• 22 February but optically 2017 thinner than the haze at shorter ISS wavelengths, could be• 8 detected by VIMS while simultaneously lost in the haze to ISS. -
A Wunda-Full World? Carbon Dioxide Ice Deposits on Umbriel and Other Uranian Moons
Icarus 290 (2017) 1–13 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus A Wunda-full world? Carbon dioxide ice deposits on Umbriel and other Uranian moons ∗ Michael M. Sori , Jonathan Bapst, Ali M. Bramson, Shane Byrne, Margaret E. Landis Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Carbon dioxide has been detected on the trailing hemispheres of several Uranian satellites, but the exact Received 22 June 2016 nature and distribution of the molecules remain unknown. One such satellite, Umbriel, has a prominent Revised 28 January 2017 high albedo annulus-shaped feature within the 131-km-diameter impact crater Wunda. We hypothesize Accepted 28 February 2017 that this feature is a solid deposit of CO ice. We combine thermal and ballistic transport modeling to Available online 2 March 2017 2 study the evolution of CO 2 molecules on the surface of Umbriel, a high-obliquity ( ∼98 °) body. Consid- ering processes such as sublimation and Jeans escape, we find that CO 2 ice migrates to low latitudes on geologically short (100s–1000 s of years) timescales. Crater morphology and location create a local cold trap inside Wunda, and the slopes of crater walls and a central peak explain the deposit’s annular shape. The high albedo and thermal inertia of CO 2 ice relative to regolith allows deposits 15-m-thick or greater to be stable over the age of the solar system. -
Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating
submitted to Astrobiology: April 6, 2012 accepted by Astrobiology: September 8, 2012 published in Astrobiology: January 24, 2013 this updated draft: October 30, 2013 doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0859 Exomoon habitability constrained by illumination and tidal heating René HellerI , Rory BarnesII,III I Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany, [email protected] II Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 951580, Seattle, WA 98195, [email protected] III NASA Astrobiology Institute – Virtual Planetary Laboratory Lead Team, USA Abstract The detection of moons orbiting extrasolar planets (“exomoons”) has now become feasible. Once they are discovered in the circumstellar habitable zone, questions about their habitability will emerge. Exomoons are likely to be tidally locked to their planet and hence experience days much shorter than their orbital period around the star and have seasons, all of which works in favor of habitability. These satellites can receive more illumination per area than their host planets, as the planet reflects stellar light and emits thermal photons. On the contrary, eclipses can significantly alter local climates on exomoons by reducing stellar illumination. In addition to radiative heating, tidal heating can be very large on exomoons, possibly even large enough for sterilization. We identify combinations of physical and orbital parameters for which radiative and tidal heating are strong enough to trigger a runaway greenhouse. By analogy with the circumstellar habitable zone, these constraints define a circumplanetary “habitable edge”. We apply our model to hypothetical moons around the recently discovered exoplanet Kepler-22b and the giant planet candidate KOI211.01 and describe, for the first time, the orbits of habitable exomoons. -
7 Planetary Rings Matthew S
7 Planetary Rings Matthew S. Tiscareno Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA 1Introduction..................................................... 311 1.1 Orbital Elements ..................................................... 312 1.2 Roche Limits, Roche Lobes, and Roche Critical Densities .................... 313 1.3 Optical Depth ....................................................... 316 2 Rings by Planetary System .......................................... 317 2.1 The Rings of Jupiter ................................................... 317 2.2 The Rings of Saturn ................................................... 319 2.3 The Rings of Uranus .................................................. 320 2.4 The Rings of Neptune ................................................. 323 2.5 Unconfirmed Ring Systems ............................................. 324 2.5.1 Mars ............................................................... 324 2.5.2 Pluto ............................................................... 325 2.5.3 Rhea and Other Moons ................................................ 325 2.5.4 Exoplanets ........................................................... 327 3RingsbyType.................................................... 328 3.1 Dense Broad Disks ................................................... 328 3.1.1 Spiral Waves ......................................................... 329 3.1.2 Gap Edges and Moonlet Wakes .......................................... 333 3.1.3 Radial Structure ..................................................... -
JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. -
Planetary Nomenclature: an Overview and Update
3rd Planetary Data Workshop 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1986) 7119.pdf PLANETARY NOMENCLATURE: AN OVERVIEW AND UPDATE. T. Gaither1, R. K. Hayward1, J. Blue1, L. Gaddis1, R. Schulz2, K. Aksnes3, G. Burba4, G. Consolmagno5, R. M. C. Lopes6, P. Masson7, W. Sheehan8, B.A. Smith9, G. Williams10, C. Wood11, 1USGS Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, Ar- izona ([email protected]); 2ESA Scientific Support Office, Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 3Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo, Norway; 4Vernadsky Institute, Moscow, Russia; 5Specola Vaticana, Vati- can City State; 6Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 7Uni- versite de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France; 8Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona; 9Santa Fe, New Mexico; 10Minor Planet Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 11Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona. Introduction: The task of naming planetary Asteroids surface features, rings, and natural satellites is Ceres 113 managed by the International Astronomical Un- Dactyl 2 ion’s (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Eros 41 Nomenclature (WGPSN). The members of the Gaspra 34 WGPSN and its task groups have worked since the Ida 25 early 1970s to provide a clear, unambiguous sys- Itokawa 17 tem of planetary nomenclature that represents cul- Lutetia 37 tures and countries from all regions of Earth. Mathilde 23 WGPSN members include Rita Schulz (chair) and Steins 24 9 other members representing countries around the Vesta 106 globe (see author list). In 2013, Blue et al. [1] pre- Jupiter sented an overview of planetary nomenclature, and Amalthea 4 in 2016 Hayward et al. [2] provided an update to Thebe 1 this overview. Given the extensive planetary ex- Io 224 ploration and research that has taken place since Europa 111 2013, it is time to update the community on the sta- Ganymede 195 tus of planetary nomenclature, the purpose and Callisto 153 rules, the process for submitting name requests, and the IAU approval process. -
Pluto, Titan, and Triton: How Do Their Haze Properties Compare? B. J. Buratti1, J
51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2020) 1168.pdf Pluto, Titan, and Triton: How do their Haze Properties Compare? B. J. Buratti1, J. D. Hillier2, J. D. Hofgart- ner2, M. D. Hicks1, 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109; bon- [email protected]; 2Grays Harbor College, Aberdeen, WA 98520. Introduction: The July 2015 encounter of the New Horizons spacecraft with Pluto brought a large Kuiper Belt Object into sharp focus for the first time [1]. In- struments on the spacecraft observed Pluto at solar phase angles not visible from the Earth, where the max- imum solar phase angle is about 2°. The large solar phase angles (>150°), are especially useful for charac- terizing the properties of Pluto’s haze. But key obser- vations were not made during the encounter because of the fast nature of the flyby. These included the small solar phase angles observable from Earth. Thus, the best data set is one consisting of both spacecraft and ground-based data. We have combined Earth-based observations, in- cluding those from the Palomar Adaptive Optics (AO) system, to construct a complete solar phase curve of Figure 1: Charon and Pluto from the Palomar Pluto. Using the classical radiative transfer model of adaptive optics system. Chandrasekhar’s “Planetary Problem” (2,3) we have fit Data from the spacecraft are summarized in Table physical parameters to the surface and haze of Pluto. 2. Comparison with the properties of Titan’s haze shows Table 1- New Horizons Data used in this Study. that both worlds are factories for producing reddish, organic rich molecules. -
Privacy Policy
Privacy Policy Culmia Privacy Policy Culmia Desarrollos Inmobiliarios, S.L.U. (hereinafter, “the manager”), with headquarters in Madrid, Calle Génova, 27, Company Tax No. B-67186999, is an integral manager of property assets and a member of a Property Group to which it provides its services. The manager provides its services to the following property developers who are members of its Group: Company Company Company Company Tax Tax No. No. Saturn Holdco S.A.U. A88554100 Antea Activos Inmobiliarios B88554324 S.L.U. Thrym Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554142 Redes Promotora 1 Ma, B88093117 S.L.U. Erriap Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554159 Redes Promotora 2 Ma, B88093174 S.L.U. Daphne Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554167 Redes Promotora 3 Ma, B88093265 S.L.U. Dione Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554183 Redes Promotora 4 Ma, B88093356 S.L.U. Fornjot Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554191 Redes Promotora 5 Ma, B88093471 S.L.U. Greip Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554217 Redes Promotora 6 Ma, B88145073 S.L.U. Hiperion Activos Inmobiliarios B88554233 Redes Promotora 7 Ma, B88145123 S.L.U. S.L.U. Loge Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554241 Redes Promotora 8 Ma, B88145263 S.L.U. Kiviuq Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554258 Redes Promotora 9, S.L.U. B88159728 Narvi Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554266 Redes 2 2018 Iberica 2 B88160221 S.L.U. Polux Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554282 Redes 2 2018 Iberica 3 B88160239 S.L.U. Siarnaq Activos Inmobiliarios S.L.U. B88554290 Redes 2 Promotora B88160247 Inversiones 2018 IV S.L.U. -
The Subsurface Habitability of Small, Icy Exomoons J
A&A 636, A50 (2020) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937035 & © ESO 2020 Astrophysics The subsurface habitability of small, icy exomoons J. N. K. Y. Tjoa1,?, M. Mueller1,2,3, and F. F. S. van der Tak1,2 1 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] 2 SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands 3 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Received 1 November 2019 / Accepted 8 March 2020 ABSTRACT Context. Assuming our Solar System as typical, exomoons may outnumber exoplanets. If their habitability fraction is similar, they would thus constitute the largest portion of habitable real estate in the Universe. Icy moons in our Solar System, such as Europa and Enceladus, have already been shown to possess liquid water, a prerequisite for life on Earth. Aims. We intend to investigate under what thermal and orbital circumstances small, icy moons may sustain subsurface oceans and thus be “subsurface habitable”. We pay specific attention to tidal heating, which may keep a moon liquid far beyond the conservative habitable zone. Methods. We made use of a phenomenological approach to tidal heating. We computed the orbit averaged flux from both stellar and planetary (both thermal and reflected stellar) illumination. We then calculated subsurface temperatures depending on illumination and thermal conduction to the surface through the ice shell and an insulating layer of regolith. We adopted a conduction only model, ignoring volcanism and ice shell convection as an outlet for internal heat. -
CHORUS: Let's Go Meet the Dwarf Planets There Are Five in Our Solar
Meet the Dwarf Planet Lyrics: CHORUS: Let’s go meet the dwarf planets There are five in our solar system Let’s go meet the dwarf planets Now I’ll go ahead and list them I’ll name them again in case you missed one There’s Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake and Haumea They haven’t broken free from all the space debris There’s Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake and Haumea They’re smaller than Earth’s moon and they like to roam free I’m the famous Pluto – as many of you know My orbit’s on a different path in the shape of an oval I used to be planet number 9, But I break the rules; I’m one of a kind I take my time orbiting the sun It’s a long, long trip, but I’m having fun! Five moons keep me company On our epic journey Charon’s the biggest, and then there’s Nix Kerberos, Hydra and the last one’s Styx 248 years we travel out Beyond the other planet’s regular rout We hang out in the Kuiper Belt Where the ice debris will never melt CHORUS My name is Ceres, and I’m closest to the sun They found me in the Asteroid Belt in 1801 I’m the only known dwarf planet between Jupiter and Mars They thought I was an asteroid, but I’m too round and large! I’m Eris the biggest dwarf planet, and the slowest one… It takes me 557 years to travel around the sun I have one moon, Dysnomia, to orbit along with me We go way out past the Kuiper Belt, there’s so much more to see! CHORUS My name is Makemake, and everyone thought I was alone But my tiny moon, MK2, has been with me all along It takes 310 years for us to orbit ‘round the sun But out here in the Kuiper Belt… our adventures just begun Hello my name’s Haumea, I’m not round shaped like my friends I rotate fast, every 4 hours, which stretched out both my ends! Namaka and Hi’iaka are my moons, I have just 2 And we live way out past Neptune in the Kuiper Belt it’s true! CHORUS Now you’ve met the dwarf planets, there are 5 of them it’s true But the Solar System is a great big place, with more exploring left to do Keep watching the skies above us with a telescope you look through Because the next person to discover one… could be me or you… .