QNX® Neutrino® RTOS System Architecture

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

QNX® Neutrino® RTOS System Architecture QNX® Neutrino® RTOS System Architecture For release 6.4.0 © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. © 1996–2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. All rights reserved. Published under license by: QNX Software Systems International Corporation 175 Terence Matthews Crescent Kanata, Ontario K2M 1W8 Canada Voice: +1 613 591-0931 Fax: +1 613 591-3579 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.qnx.com/ Electronic edition published 2008 QNX, Neutrino, Photon, Photon microGUI, Momentics, and Aviage are trademarks, registered in certain jurisdictions, of QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. and are used under license by QNX Software Systems International Corporation. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. Contents About This Guide xiii What you’ll find in this guide xv Typographical conventions xvi Note to Windows users xvii Technical support xvii 1 The Philosophy of QNX Neutrino 1 Design goals 3 An embeddable POSIX OS? 3 Product scaling 3 Why POSIX for embedded systems? 4 Why QNX Neutrino for embedded systems? 5 Microkernel architecture 6 The OS as a team of processes 8 A true kernel 8 System processes 9 Interprocess communication 10 QNX Neutrino as a message-passing operating system 10 Network distribution of kernels 11 Single-computer model 11 Flexible networking 11 2 The QNX Neutrino Microkernel 13 Introduction 15 The implementation of QNX Neutrino 16 POSIX realtime and thread extensions 16 System services 16 Threads and processes 17 Thread attributes 20 Thread scheduling 24 When are scheduling decisions are made? 24 Scheduling priority 24 Scheduling algorithms 26 October 16, 2008 Contents iii © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. IPC issues 31 Thread complexity issues 31 Synchronization services 32 Mutexes: mutual exclusion locks 33 Condvars: condition variables 34 Barriers 35 Sleepon locks 38 Reader/writer locks 38 Semaphores 38 Synchronization via scheduling algorithm 39 Synchronization via message passing 40 Synchronization via atomic operations 40 Synchronization services implementation 40 Clock and timer services 41 Time correction 42 Timers 42 Interrupt handling 44 Interrupt latency 45 Scheduling latency 45 Nested interrupts 46 Interrupt calls 47 3 Interprocess Communication (IPC) 51 Synchronous message passing 53 MsgReply() vs MsgError() 56 Message copying 56 Simple messages 58 Channels and connections 59 Pulses 61 Priority inheritance and messages 61 Message-passing API 62 Robust implementations with Send/Receive/Reply 62 Events 64 I/O notification 65 Signals 66 Special signals 68 Summary of signals 69 POSIX message queues 70 Why use POSIX message queues? 71 File-like interface 71 Message-queue functions 72 iv Contents October 16, 2008 © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Shared memory 72 Shared memory with message passing 73 Creating a shared-memory object 74 mmap() 74 Initializing allocated memory 78 Typed memory 78 Implementation-defined behavior 79 Practical examples 83 Pipes and FIFOs 84 Pipes 84 FIFOs 85 4 The Instrumented Microkernel 87 Introduction 89 Instrumentation at a glance 89 Event control 90 Modes of emission 90 Ring buffer 91 Data interpretation 91 System analysis with the IDE 92 Proactive tracing 93 5 Multicore Processing 95 Introduction 97 Asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) 97 Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) 98 Neutrino’s microkernel approach 99 Booting an x86 SMP system 100 Booting a PowerPC SMP system 100 How the SMP microkernel works 101 Critical sections 102 Bound multiprocessing (BMP) 103 A viable migration strategy 104 Choosing between AMP, SMP, and BMP 104 6 Process Manager 107 Introduction 109 Process management 109 Process primitives 109 Process loading 114 Memory management 114 October 16, 2008 Contents v © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Memory Management Units (MMUs) 115 Memory protection at run time 116 Quality control 117 Full-protection model 118 Variable page size 118 Pathname management 119 Domains of authority 119 Resolving pathnames 119 Symbolic prefixes 123 File descriptor namespace 125 7 Dynamic Linking 129 Shared objects 131 Statically linked 131 Dynamically linked 131 Augmenting code at runtime 132 How shared objects are used 132 ELF format 132 ELF without COFF 133 The process 133 Runtime linker 134 Loading a shared library at runtime 135 Symbol name resolution 136 8 Resource Managers 137 Introduction 139 What is a resource manager? 139 Why write a resource manager? 139 The types of resource managers 141 Communication via native IPC 142 Resource manager architecture 143 Message types 143 The resource manager shared library 144 Summary 148 9 Filesystems 149 Introduction 151 Filesystems and pathname resolution 151 Filesystem classes 152 Filesystems as shared libraries 152 io-blk 153 vi Contents October 16, 2008 © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Filesystem limitations 156 Image filesystem 156 RAM “filesystem” 157 Embedded transaction filesystem (ETFS) 157 Inside a transaction 158 Types of storage media 158 Reliability features 159 QNX 4 filesystem 161 Power-Safe filesystem 161 Problems with existing disk filesystems 161 Copy-on-write filesystem 162 Performance 164 DOS Filesystem 166 CD-ROM filesystem 168 FFS3 filesystem 168 Customization 169 Organization 169 Features 170 Utilities 172 System calls 172 NFS filesystem 172 CIFS filesystem 172 Linux Ext2 filesystem 173 Universal Disk Format (UDF) filesystem 173 Virtual filesystems 173 10 Character I/O 175 Introduction 177 Driver/io-char communication 178 Device control 179 Input modes 180 Device subsystem performance 183 Console devices 183 Terminal emulation 183 Serial devices 183 Parallel devices 184 Pseudo terminal devices (ptys) 184 11 Networking Architecture 187 Introduction 189 Network manager (io-pkt*) 189 October 16, 2008 Contents vii © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Threading model 191 Protocol module 192 Driver module 193 Loading and unloading a driver 193 12 Native Networking (Qnet) 195 QNX Neutrino distributed 197 Name resolution and lookup 198 File descriptor (connection ID) 199 Behind a simple open() 199 Global Name Service (GNS) 201 Network naming 201 Redundant Qnet: Quality of Service (QoS) and multiple paths 202 QoS policies 202 Specifying QoS policies 205 Symbolic links 205 Examples 206 Local networks 206 Remote networks 206 Custom device drivers 207 13 TCP/IP Networking 209 Introduction 211 Stack configurations 211 Structure of the TCP/IP manager 212 Socket API 212 Database routines 213 Multiple stacks 214 IP filtering and NAT 214 NTP 214 Dynamic host configuration 215 AutoIP 215 PPP over Ethernet 215 /etc/autoconnect 216 Embedded web server 216 CGI method 216 SSI method 217 14 High Availability 219 What is High Availability? 221 An OS for HA 221 viii Contents October 16, 2008 © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Custom hardware support 222 Client library 222 Recovery example 223 High Availability Manager 224 HAM and the Guardian 225 HAM hierarchy 225 Publishing autonomously detected conditions 229 Subscribing to autonomously published conditions 229 HAM as a “filesystem” 230 Multistage recovery 230 HAM API 231 15 Adaptive Partitioning 235 What are partitions? 237 Because adaptive partitions are not “boxes” what are they? 238 Why adaptive? 238 Benefits of adaptive partitioning 239 Engineering product performance 239 Dealing with design complexity 240 Providing security 241 Debugging 242 Adaptive partitioning thread scheduler 242 16 The Photon microGUI 245 A graphical microkernel 247 The Photon event space 248 Regions 249 Events 250 Graphics drivers 251 Multiple graphics drivers 252 Color model 252 Font support 253 Stroke-based fonts 253 Unicode multilingual support 253 UTF-8 encoding 253 Animation support 254 Printing support 254 The Photon Window Manager 255 Widget library 255 Fundamental widgets 256 Container widgets 258 October 16, 2008 Contents ix © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Advanced widgets 260 Convenience functions 265 Driver development kits 267 Summary 268 17 Multimedia 269 Overview 271 MME functional areas 272 The MME interface 273 Component-based architecture 274 The MME resource managers 274 Glossary 277 Index 295 x Contents October 16, 2008 List of Figures Conventional executives offer no memory protection. 7 In a monolithic OS, system processes have no protection. 7 A microkernel provides complete memory protection. 7 The QNX Neutrino architecture. 8 The QNX Neutrino microkernel. 15 QNX Neutrino preemption details. 17 Sparse matrix (tid,key) to value mapping. 21 Possible thread states. 22 The ready queue. 25 Thread A blocks; Thread B runs. 26 FIFO scheduling. 27 Round-robin scheduling. 27 A thread’s budget is replenished periodically. 29 A thread drops in priority until its budget is replenished. 29 A thread oscillates between high and low priority. 30 Interrupt handler simply terminates. 45 Interrupt handler terminates, returning an event. 46 Stacked interrupts. 47 Changes of state for a client thread in a send-receive-reply transaction. 54 Changes of state for a server thread in a send-receive-reply transaction. 55 A multipart transfer. 56 Scatter/gather of a read of 1454 bytes. 57 Connections map elegantly into file descriptors. 60 Pulses pack a small payload. 61 Threads should always send up to higher-level threads. 63 A higher-level thread can “send” a pulse event. 64 The client sends a sigevent to the server. 65 Signal delivery. 67 Arguments to mmap().75 Instrumentation at a glance. 90 The IDE helps you visualize system activity. 93 Virtual address mapping (on an x86). 115 Full protection VM (on an x86). 118 The SCOID and FD map to an OCB of an I/O Manager. 126 October 16, 2008 List of Figures xi © 2008, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Two processes open the same file. 127 A process opens a file twice. 128 Object file format: linking view and execution view. 133 Process memory layout on an x86. 134 A resource manager is responsible for three data structures. 146 Multiple clients opening various devices. 147 Encapsulation. 148 QNX Neutrino filesystem layering. 153 ETFS is a filesystem composed entirely of transactions. 158 The io-char module is implemented as a library. 177 Device I/O in QNX Neutrino.
Recommended publications
  • Muuglines $2.50 the Manitoba UNIX User Group Newsletter
    Vol. 14 No. 2 October 2001 MUUGlines $2.50 The Manitoba UNIX User Group Newsletter October 9, 2001: companies to seek a “Plan B” from the Plan A of Microsoft’s Internet Information Server (IIS). To Consolidated Storage – wit: SAN/NAS or something else? Gartner recommends that businesses hit by Although most I/T professionals agree on the ben- both Code Red and Nimda immediately inves- efits of consolidating storage, there is some discus- tigate alternatives to IIS, including moving sion as to whether a Storage Area Network (SAN) Web applications to Web server software or Network Attached Storage (NAS) is the best from other vendors such as iPlanet and Apache. strategy. The answer is that it depends; but making Although those Web servers have required the choice, especially in the face of new emerging some security patches, they have much better technologies is difficult. security records than IIS and are not under active attack by the vast number of virus and This session will explain the concept of Con- worm writers. solidated Storage and its benefits. Then we will explore a few of the technologies available and on the near horizon for implementing a centralized Yes, Apache isn’t a “vendor”. Nonetheless, it storage infrastructure. Terry Baydock, Technical will be interesting to see if that has any effect on the Sales Specialist with the Storage Systems Group at statistics kept by Netcraft (http:// IBM Canada Ltd., will be our presenter for this www.netcraft.co.uk/survey/). The most recent sur- session vey show that the trend for the number of comput- ers hosting websites is Windows holding steady at Please note our meeting location: IBM Cana- around 50%, and Linux is at 30%, gaining ground da’s offices in the TD Centre, at the corner of at the expense of other Unix-like operating sys- Portage and Main.
    [Show full text]
  • QNX® Neutrino® Realtime Operating System Photon® Microgui Programmer’S Guide
    QNX® Neutrino® Realtime Operating System Photon® microGUI Programmer’s Guide For QNX® Neutrino® 6.5.0 © 2010, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. © 1995 – 2010, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. All rights reserved. Published under license by: QNX Software Systems Co. 175 Terence Matthews Crescent Kanata, Ontario K2M 1W8 Canada Voice: +1 613 591-0931 Fax: +1 613 591-3579 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.qnx.com/ Electronic edition published 2010. QNX, Neutrino, Photon, Photon microGUI, Momentics, Aviage, and related marks, names, and logos are trademarks, registered in certain jurisdictions, of QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG. and are used under license by QNX Software Systems Co. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. Contents About This Guide xxv What you’ll find in this guide xxvii Typographical conventions xxviii Note to Windows users xxix Technical support xxx 1 Introduction 1 Overview of the Photon architecture 3 Photon Application Builder (PhAB) 5 Widget concepts 6 Widget life cycle 9 Widget geometry 11 Programming paradigm 13 Text-mode application 13 Non-PhAB application 14 PhAB application 15 Photon libraries 16 API categories and libraries 16 Versions and platforms 18 Building applications with PhAB—an overview 18 Step 1: Create modules 18 Step 2: Add widgets 19 Step 3: Attach callbacks 19 Step 4: Generate code 20 Step 5: Run your application 20 Step 6: Repeat any previous step 20 Writing applications without PhAB 21 2 Tutorials 23 Before you start... 25 Creating a Photon project and starting PhAB 25 PhAB’s Interface 26 Tutorial 1 — Hello, world 27 May 13, 2010 Contents iii © 2010, QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Bitstream Font Fusion 5.0A Reference Guide
    Bitstream Font Fusion® 5.0a Reference Guide July 2009 B Bitstream Font Fusion® 5.0a Reference Guide Information in this document is subject to change without notice. BITSTREAM INC. MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Bitstream Inc. shall not be liable for errors herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. © Copyright 1999-2009 Bitstream Inc., Cambridge, MA. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated without the prior written consent of Bitstream Inc. This document uses the following Bitstream Fonts: Humanist 521 BT, Humanist 777 extra black, Bitstream Iowan Old Style™, Newspaper Pi, and Monospace 821. Bitstream, Font Fusion, and TrueDoc are registered trademarks of Bitstream Inc. and the Bitstream logo, Dutch, Speedo, Swiss, Zurich, and Iowan Old Style are trademarks of Bitstream Inc. T2K is a trademark of Bitstream Inc. Bitstream TrueDoc: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,577,177 and 5,583,978 Bitstream Font Fusion: U.S. Patent No. 6,437,793 Adobe, ATM, Adobe Type Manager, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated, and may be registered in some jurisdictions. Apple, Macintosh, and TrueType are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Hewlett-Packard, HP, and PCL are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other product or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    QNX® LICENSE GUIDE Version 2.13 (see Publication History for version details) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Interpretation of Column References 3. QNX Momentics Tool Suite 3.1 Base QNX Momentics Tool Suite 3.2 QNX Momentics Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 3.3 Photon MicroGUI Development Kit 3.4 Neutrino Core Graphics Development Kit 4. QNX Neutrino RTOS Runtime Components 4.1 QNX Neutrino Core Runtime Component 4.2 Photon MicroGUI Technology 4.3 Asian Language Technology 5. QNX Middleware Products 5.1 QNX Aviage HMI Suite 2.0 5.2 QNX Aviage Multimedia Suite 5.3 QNX Aviage Acoustic Processing Kit 2.0 6. QNX Board Support Packages 7. Export/Import Information 1. Introduction This License Guide describes the contents and corresponding licensing attributes of version 6.5.0 of the QNX Momentics Tool Suite, the QNX Neutrino® RTOS Runtime Components, and the QNX Middleware Products. The entire collection of QNX products are referred to as the QNX Product Portfolio. It is also designed to present, in a convenient manner, the third party licensing considerations in the QNX Product Portfolio. The QNX Momentics Tool Suite and the QNX Neutrino® RTOS Runtime Components (collectively, the ―QNX Software Development Platform‖ or ―SDP‖) and the optional QNX Middleware Products are licensed to you by QNX Software Systems Limited (―QSS‖) under one of three QNX developer licenses, copies of which were provided with the QNX Product Portfolio and which have also been published at the respective URL below (collectively the ―QNX Developer Licenses‖ or the ―QDLs‖): (1) the QNX Commercial Software License Agreement (―CSLA‖), for commercial developers – see http://licensing.qnx.com/csla/; (2) the QNX Partner Software License Agreement (PSLA‖), for members of the QNX eco-system – see http://licensing.qnx.com/psla/; and (3) the QNX Evaluation, Non- Commercial & Academic End User License Agreement (―NCEULA‖), for non-commercial developers, including evaluators, hobbyists, students and academic faculty members – see http://licensing.qnx.com/nceula/.
    [Show full text]
  • PRS-600 User's Guide Jump to the Table of Contents
    Jump to the table of contents User’s Guide PRS-600 Digital Book Reader ©2009 Sony Corporation 4-153-621-12(1) PRS-600.GB.4-153-621-12(1) Table of Contents Introduction What You Can Do with the Reader ................................................ 5 Getting Started Parts and Controls ........................................................................ 6 Turning on the Reader ................................................................ 10 About the Power Management of the Reader .............................11 Charging the Reader ................................................................... 13 About charging ...........................................................................13 Charging the Reader via USB connection ..................................13 Installing eBook Library ............................................................... 17 How to Use the Touch Screen ..................................................... 18 How to Use the Home Menu ....................................................... 22 About the Home menu ................................................................24 Inserting a Memory Card ............................................................ 33 Importing and Transferring Content Importing Content ....................................................................... 37 Authorizing the Reader and your computer ................................37 Downloading eBooks from eBook store......................................40 Importing content to eBook Library ............................................41
    [Show full text]
  • Sony Reader PRS-500 Quick Start Guide
    What You Can Do with Sony Reader Getting Started Thank you for purchasing this Sony Portable Reader System PRS-500. Read through this Quick Start Guide to prepare Sony Reader for use. 1 Checking the package contents 4 Customer registration Once initial preparation is complete, you can transfer content from your computer to Sony Reader to take anywhere you wish. Sony Reader comes installed with a built-in rechargeable battery. It is recommended that you perform customer registration by • Sony Reader (with Soft cover) (1) registering your contact information, which enables Sony to send • AC power cord (1) you information regarding technical support, software updates, etc. • AC power adapter (1) ID* will be provided after registration. Getting Started • USB cable (1) * ID is your “master key” to log into various Sony group web sites • CD-ROM* (1) using a single ID and password. Read this manual for initial preparation. - CONNECT Reader software • Charge Sony Reader. - Operation Guide (PDF) Click “Access to customer registration web site (http:// www.sony.com/productregistration)” to perform • Install CONNECT Reader to your computer. - Sample content customer registration. * Do not attempt to play this CD-ROM in an audio CD player. Importing • Quick Start Guide (this manual) (1) System requirements Download eBooks from CONNECT eBooks on your The following are requirements to use CONNECT Reader. computer. Charging OS Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition, 2 Windows XP Professional, CONNECT eBooks*1 First, charge the Sony Reader battery by connecting the supplied Windows XP Media Center Edition, AC power adapter and AC power cord, as battery power may not Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004, be suffi cient immediately after purchase.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Publishing, V7 N9
    Vol. 7, No. 9 October 1999 ™ yyy www.gilbane.com Published by: Bluebill Advisors, Inc. (617) 497.9443 Fax (617) 249.0424 www.bluebilladvisors.com ................................ XML AT WORK — Editor: TECHNICAL PUBLISHING Frank Gilbane [email protected] (617) 497.9443 Technical publishing has always been a challenge for software Associate Editors: applications. The need to integrate a variety of structured and Michelle Berrong [email protected] unstructured data types has strained database, document/content (781) 871.9000 management, and publishing software. However the fact that much Leonor Ciarlone technical information is truly "mission critical" (e.g., the correct [email protected] (781) 871.9000 procedure for replacing the emergency shut-off switch on the Mike Maziarka nuclear reactor) meant that many companies were forced to tackle [email protected] (781) 871.9000 the complexities head-on, and was the reason a lot of them invested Bill Trippe in SGML. It is no surprise then that many early implementations of [email protected] (781) 662-6672 XML are technical documentation applications. Subscriptions: Technical documentation is not by any means what is driving the [email protected] (617) 497.9443 adoption of XML. The sheer size of the markets for e-commerce solutions, enterprise solutions, and all the application and Customer Service: [email protected] information integration necessary to connect these front and back office systems ensures that they will be driving the growth and direction of XML. There is a lot to learn from early XML adopters, especially when they are already familiar with the benefits and difficulties of working with SGML, as many in the technical documentation field are.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    QNX® LICENSE GUIDE Version 2.14(a) Updated December 15, 2015 (see Publication History for version details) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Interpretation of Column References 3. QNX Momentics Tool Suite 3.1 Base QNX Momentics Tool Suite 3.2 QNX Momentics Integrated Development Environment (IDE - 3.3 Photon MicroGUI Development Kit (included in the QNX Momentics Tool Suite) 4. QNX Neutrino RTOS Runtime Components 4.1 QNX Neutrino Core Runtime Component 4.2 Photon MicroGUI Technology 4.3 Asian Language Technology 4.4 Screen Runtime Package 5. QNX Middleware Products 5.1 QNX Aviage HMI Suite 2.0 5.2 QNX Aviage Multimedia Suite 5.3 QNX Aviage Acoustic Processing Kit 2.0 6. QNX Board Support Packages 7. Export/Import Information 1. Introduction This License Guide describes the contents and corresponding licensing attributes of version 6.5.0 Service Pack 1 of the QNX Momentics Tool Suite, the QNX Neutrino® RTOS Runtime Components, and the QNX Middleware Products (the entire collection of QNX products is referred to as the QNX Product Portfolio). It is also designed to present, in a convenient manner, the third party licensing considerations that apply to the QNX Product Portfolio. The QNX Momentics Tool Suite and the QNX Neutrino® RTOS Runtime Components (collectively, the “QNX Software Development Platform” or “SDP”) and the optional QNX Middleware Products are licensed to you by QNX Software Systems Limited (“QSS”) under one of three QNX developer licenses, copies of which were provided with the QNX Product Portfolio and which have also
    [Show full text]
  • Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc
    MONOTYPE IMAGING HOLDINGS INC. FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 03/11/14 for the Period Ending 12/31/13 Address 500 UNICORN PARK DRIVE WOBURN, MA 01801 Telephone 781-970-6000 CIK 0001385292 Symbol TYPE SIC Code 7371 - Computer Programming Services Industry Software & Programming Sector Technology Fiscal Year 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2014, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number 001-33612 MONOTYPE IMAGING HOLDINGS INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 20 -3289482 (State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 500 Unicorn Park Drive Woburn, Massachusetts 01801 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (781) 970-6000 Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of Exchange on Which Registered Common Stock, $0.001 par value The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.
    [Show full text]
  • PRS-T1 | Reader™ User Guide
    Reader™ User Guide Search Print Top page Getting started PRS-T1 Basic Operations User Guide Adding/Getting Content Use this manual if you encounter any problems, or have any questions about your Reader™. Browsing Content Lists Reading Organizing Other Applications Settings Other Information Contents list Go to page top Copyright 2011 Sony Corporation 1 Reader™ User Guide Search Print Top page > Getting started Getting started Getting started Basic Operations Adding/Getting Content Welcome! About your Reader™ Browsing Content Lists Reader Features and Functions Reading Wireless Connectivity Organizing Join a Wi-Fi® Network Other Applications Battery Settings Charging the Reader Maximizing Battery Life Other Information Turning the Power On/Off Contents list Turning the Power On/Off Parts and Controls Overview Buttons microSD Card Slot Go to page top Copyright 2011 Sony Corporation 2 Reader™ User Guide Search Print Top page > Basic Operations Getting started Basic Operations Basic Operations Adding/Getting Content [Home] Screen Applications and the [Home] Screen Browsing Content Lists Touchscreen Operations Reading On-Screen Keyboard Organizing Go to page top Other Applications Settings Other Information Contents list Copyright 2011 Sony Corporation 3 Reader™ User Guide Search Print Top page > Adding/Getting Content Getting started Adding/Getting Content Basic Operations Adding/Getting Content Adding Content Buying Books and Periodicals Browsing Content Lists Adding Content Reading Go to page top Organizing Other Applications Settings Other
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    QNX® LICENSE GUIDE Version 2.14(a) REVISED (see Publication History for version details) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Interpretation of Column References 3. QNX Momentics Tool Suite 3.1 Base QNX Momentics Tool Suite 3.2 QNX Momentics Integrated Development Environment (IDE - 3.3 Photon MicroGUI Development Kit (included in the QNX Momentics Tool Suite) 4. QNX Neutrino RTOS Runtime Components 4.1 QNX Neutrino Core Runtime Component 4.2 Photon MicroGUI Technology 4.3 Asian Language Technology 4.4 Screen Runtime Package 5. QNX Middleware Products 5.1 QNX Aviage HMI Suite 2.0 5.2 QNX Aviage Multimedia Suite 5.3 QNX Aviage Acoustic Processing Kit 2.0 6. QNX Board Support Packages 7. Export/Import Information 1. Introduction This License Guide describes the contents and corresponding licensing attributes of version 6.5.0 Service Pack 1 of the QNX Momentics Tool Suite, the QNX Neutrino® RTOS Runtime Components, and the QNX Middleware Products (the entire collection of QNX products is referred to as the QNX Product Portfolio). It is also designed to present, in a convenient manner, the third party licensing considerations that apply to the QNX Product Portfolio. The QNX Momentics Tool Suite and the QNX Neutrino® RTOS Runtime Components (collectively, the “QNX Software Development Platform” or “SDP”) and the optional QNX Middleware Products are licensed to you by QNX Software Systems Limited (“QSS”) under one of three QNX developer licenses, copies of which were provided with the QNX Product Portfolio and which have also been published
    [Show full text]
  • PRS-T1 | Reader™ User Guide
    PRS-T1 | Reader™ User Guide Reader™ User Guide Search Print Top page > Getting started Getting started Getting started Basic Operations Adding/Getting Content ● A new world of portability and functionality with the Reader ● Browsing Content Lists Welcome! ● Reading Reader Overview ● Reader Features and Functions Organizing ● Wireless Connectivity Other Applications ● Join a Wi-Fi® network Settings ● Selecting options for a remembered or connected Wi-Fi network Other Information ● Battery ● Charging the Reader Contents list ● Maximizing Battery Life ● Turning the Power On/Off ● Turning the Power On/Off ● Parts and Controls ● Overview ● Buttons ● microSD Card Slot Go to page top Copyright 2011 Sony Corporation file:///F|/Documents%20and%20Settings/203098/Desktop/4-288-613-11/eng/contents/01/index.html7/11/2011 8:58:00 PM PRS-T1 | Reader™ User Guide Reader™ User Guide Search Print Top page > Reading Getting started Reading Basic Operations Adding/Getting Content ● Reading Books ● Browsing Content Lists Opening a Book ● Page Navigation Reading ● Appearance Organizing ● Annotations Other Applications ● Using the Dictionary Settings ● Finding Pages with a Keyword ● Changing Book Page Settings Other Information ● Using (Menu) Items Contents list ● Reading Periodicals ● Opening a Periodical Issue ● Page Navigation ● Appearance ● Annotations ● Using the Dictionary ● Finding Pages with a Keyword ● Changing Periodical Page Settings ● Using (Menu) Items Go to page top Copyright 2011 Sony Corporation file:///F|/Documents%20and%20Settings/203098/Desktop/4-288-613-11/eng/contents/05/index.html7/11/2011
    [Show full text]