Environmental And/Or Social Monitoring Report
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Social Monitoring Report Annual Report July 2021 People’s Republic of China: Low-Carbon District Heating Project in Hohhot in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Prepared by the Hohhot City Development Investment and Operation Company and Hohhot Chengfa Heating Company for the Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT Reporting Period: 1 July 2018– 30 December 2018 Project Number: 47052 Date: December 2018 PRC: Low-Carbon District Heating Project in Hohhot in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Prepared by Hohhot City Development Investment and Operation Company and Hohhot Chengfa Heating Company and Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for the Asian Development Bank The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT ON LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT ABBREVIATIONS ADB = Asian Development Bank DLEB District Labor Employment Bureau DRC = Development and Reform Commission ECAP = Energy Conservation Awareness Program EHSS = Environment, Health and Safety Specialist EIA = environmental impact assessment EMP = environmental management plan EMS = environmental monitoring stations EPB = Environmental Protection Bureau EU European Union FB = Finance Bureau FGD Focus Group Discussion GIMAR = Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region GHG = greenhouse gas GRM = grievance redress mechanism HCDIO = Hohhot City Development, Investment and Operation Company HCHC = Hohhot Chengfa Heating Company HES = heat-exchange station HMG = Hohhot Municipal Government HSP = heating source plant IMAR = Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region LRRP = Labor Retrenchment and Re-Employment Plan MOF = Ministry of Finance PAM = Project Administration Manual PCR = Project Completion Report PRC = People’s Republic of China PMO = Project Management Office SCADA = Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SS Social Specialist SPRSS = Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy 1 LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 8 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 8 Background and Rationale 8 Impact, Outcome, and Outputs 9 Gender and Social Dimensions 10 Labor Retrenchment and Re-Employment Plan 10 METHODOLOGY FOR PARTICIPANTS IN THE SURVEY AND FGD 11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT IMPACTED PEOPLE 11 Per Capita Income of Affected Households 12 Main Occupations of People Consulted 13 Household Energy Insulation 13 Residential Housing Type 15 Perceptions of Project Outcomes 16 Perceptions of Air Quality 17 Vexed Issue of Subsidies 18 Payments and Energy Conservation 19 ENERGY CONSERVATION AWARENESS 20 Awareness of Energy Conservation Awareness Programs 20 Motivations for Energy Conservation 22 Actions to Conserve Energy 23 Acceptable Targets for Energy Conservation 25 Incentives to Conserve Energy 25 The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Targets of Energy Conservation Awareness 27 members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Labor Retrenchment and Re-Employment Plan 29 2 LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33 Appendix 1 – Approaches to an Appropriate Energy Conservation Awareness Program for the Project 36 Appendix 2 – Survey Questionnaires and Other Knowledge Projects for Project Affected Persons 45 The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. 3 LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT Executive Summary This First Annual Report covers the period from the 1st of July until the 31st of December 2018 and has been prepared based on the Terms of Reference agreed for the inputs by the Social Specialist as requested by the Project. The Report reports on the findings of a ten-day field trip to the Project area in September 2018 and both pre-field and post-field analysis at the Social Specialist’s normal residence in Chengdu. At this juncture it can be stated quite positively that both programs the Social Specialist is required to analyze – the Environmental Conservation Awareness Program and the Labor Retrenchment and Re-Employment Program will be successful but the surveys and other instruments that have been developed and to be targeted at different stakeholder groups will provide the Project with the opportunity to evaluate its own successes in relation to both plans. Gender, ethnicity and poverty issues are embedded in the Report and for the most part all data is gender disaggregated and where relevant ethnic disaggregated and income-disaggregated It will also serve as a learning experience for both the project and other projects of a similar nature in the cities of Inner Mongolia and elsewhere in China. In relation to the Appropriate Energy Conservation Awareness Program a series of recommendations based on an analysis of commitments embedded in approaches ranging from goal setting to mass media campaigns and modeling and the different types of feedback that may or may not be effective have been identified. It has been concluded that any Program has to be tailored to meet the ability and willingness of different stakeholder groups to buy into the Program. It has also been argued that the Project cannot develop a Program to cover all forms of energy conservation: that its main concern is whether or not natural gas-powered heating systems will enable householders to better conserve energy than the previous coal-fired heating systems. Generally speaking, people in the Project area are very satisfied with the Project. The following recommendation is related to the observation that interventions studies typically have a monodisciplinary focus. Intervention studies from a psychological perspective tend to focus predominantly on changing individual-level attitudes and abilities. It is equally important to target macro-level factors contributing to household energy use, such as demographic or societal developments, which shape the physical infrastructure and technical apparatus that condition behavioral choices and energy use associated with these choices. It is therefore important to consider household energy conservation from a multidisciplinary approach. This initial report is designed to assist the Project develop such an approach. In this energy conservation awareness program, the Social Specialist is using a multi-disciplinary approach to assist all stakeholders, regulators of energy supply, suppliers of energy, and consumers of energy assist in reducing the carbon footprint of over-use of energy. This will serve to assist the stakeholders in this Project to demonstrate how they can effectively contribute to China’s Energy Policy and enable China to be one of the world leaders in contributing to the mitigation of the negative impacts of climate change. The Labor Retrenchment and Re-Employment Plan is an important sub-component of this Project even though relatively small numbers of seasonal workers were impacted. But the Report has identified what evidence-driven assertions should the Project is able to make based on her interviews with affected persons who chose non-farm employment skill training programs organized by the Saihan District Labor Employment Bureau and those who sought to be retrained as plant operators by the Hohhot Chengfa Heating Company. That less than the numbers the latter agreed to retrain actually chose to be retrained hasThe beenviews theexpressed subject herein of investigation are those of by the the consultant Social Specialistand do not during necessarily her time represent in Saihan those District.of ADB’s How the Projectmembers, has Board implemented of Directors, this Management, Plan can be or replicated staff, and elsewheremay be preliminary in China, in indeednature. in other countries as well seeking ADB support. 4 LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT Figure 1 Project Location, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Source: CEIA, July 2014 5 LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT Figure 2 Three Heating Zones under the Project in Hohhot City Source: CEIA, July 2014 6 Notes As of the 31st of December 2018, the exchange rate of One CNY with the United States Dollar is US$0.15541 and One USD is CYN 6.6875. Errors and Exceptions are those of the Social Sector Specialist and neither the Executing Agency or the Implementation Agency. 7 SOCIAL ANNUAL REPORT ON LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN HOHHOT Introduction to this Report The Social Specialist has been contracted to spend 44 working days on this Project. In 2018 she spent 10 days in Hohhot and 5 days at her home office in Chengdu. This time was necessary because