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The Socio-Economic Role of Medieval Parisian Colleges Through the ‘Studium Parisiense’ Database

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The Socio-Economic Role of Medieval Parisian Colleges Through the ‘Studium Parisiense’ Database The Socio-economic Role of Medieval Parisian Colleges Through the ‘Studium Parisiense’ Database El papel socioeconómico de las universidades parisinas medievales a través de la base de datos Studium Parisiense Jean-Philippe Genet, Thierry Kouamé and Stéphane Lamassé* LaMOP (UMR 8589), CNRS-Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. Labex Hastec (ANR-10-LABX-85) Recibido: 27/03/2021 Aceptado: 23/04/2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2021.6159 Abstract: Studium Parisiense is a data- Resumen: Studium Parisiense es una base which intends to identify all the students - and masters of Paris university. With nearly car a todos los estudiantes y maestros de la - base de datos cuyo objetivo es el de identifi ed this results in exploring the impact of the 20000college files,system it may in medievalbe half-way. Paris. We Ahave chrono test- Universidadse ha intentado de París. medir Aún el impacto por concluir, del sistema cuenta logical trend appears: the development of the hoy con 20000 fichas. En base a estos datos, college system in the 14th century is a more resultado logrado apunta a una tendencia - decronológica: colegios mayores el desarrollo en el delParís sistema medieval. de co El- ing academic population than the creation legios mayores en el siglo XIV resulta ser una efficientof the Augustinian solution to canons accommodate houses (12ththe grow cen- población académica que la creación de casas soluciónde canónigos más agustinoseficaz para (siglo acoger XII) a lay lacreciente de con- tury),international and of recruitmentthe mendicant and convents of literary (13th out- century). On the other hand, both in terms of tanto en términos de reclutamiento interna- ventos mendicantes (siglo XIII). Por otro lado, puts, Paris colleges were inferior institutions, with the exception of the Sorbonne. However, cional como de producción literaria, salvo la * [email protected] [email protected], [email protected], CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades, 24/1 (2021), 82-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2021.6159 ISSN: 1988-8503 - www.uc3m.es/cian THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ROLE OF MEDIEVAL PARISIAN COLLEGES THROUGH THE ‘STUDIUM PARISIENSE’ DATABASE 83 it helped to provide better conditions of study - and to discipline the student’s population on res parisinos no dejaban de ser instituciones excepción de la Sorbona, los colegios mayo- - thecreased left bankstheir reputationof the Seine, and and attracted by the end again of de segundo nivel. Sin embargo, estas insti the fifteenth century, Paris colleges had in tuciones,de estudio situadas a la población en la riberaestudiantil izquierda y ayuda del- Kerywords: college; university; Paris; Sena, proporcionaron mejores condiciones Europeanmendicant students. convents; students. colegios mayores parisinos lograron mejorar ronsu reputación a disciplinarla. y atraer A finales de nuevo del sigloestudiantes XV, los europeos. Palabras clave: colegio; universidad; París; conventos mendicantes; estudiantes. The aim of the Studium Parisiense project is to create for Paris schools and dictionaries for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge1 ofuniversity the technical a bio-bibliographical advantages of computerisation repertory on the in model terms of of Alfred data B.homogeni Emden’s- while benefitting2. It is es- sation, information retrieval, indexation and statistical approach sentialcathedral to schoolkeep in and mind extending the fundamental to 15003 fact that it is a work in progress: we have so far realised 19 268 individual files for a period starting with the , but we may expect that the final whichnumber value of files is to will be be attributed well beyond to our 40 results000. This which raises are immediately obviously provisio a doubt- about our use of statistics: since we are dealing with grossly incomplete data,- nal? There are two answers to this. The first one is that it will never be possi ble to consider our population as complete. As Oxford and Cambridge, Paris has not the unified system of matriculation we find in some Italian and in all German universities: matriculations are made at the level of nations (Arts), Faculties (Theology, Canon Law and Medicine) and colleges, but very little of 1 . A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford to 1500 A Biographical Register of the University of OxfordAlfred A.D. 1501Brotherton to 1540 Emden Biographical Register of the (Oxford:University Clarendon of Cambridge Press, to 1957-1959),1500 3 vol.; Id., 2 Studium Parisiense (Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1974) ; Id., édiévistique Occidentale (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1963). is a research program of the Laboratoire de M de Paris (LAMOP). It is funded by Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, the CNRS, the LABEX Hastec and has benefitted from anMedieval ERC Advanced Prosopography Program, SAS: see Jean-Philippe Genet, Hicham Idabal, Thierry Kouamé, Stéphane Lamassé, Claire Priol et AnneMémoires Tournieroux, de Paris “General et de introduction l’Île-de-France to the Studium project”, , 31 (2016), 155-170; Id., “L’université et les écoles écolesparisiennes et de l’universitéau Moyen Âge: de Paris”. un dictionnaire Annali di Storia numérique”. delle Università Italiane , 68 (2017),3 The program 331-354 will ; Jean-Philippe be later extended Genet to, “Studium the sixteenth Parisiense, century. un répertoire informatisé des , 21 (2017), 25-74. CIAN, 24/1 (2021), 82-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2021.6159 84 JEAN-PHILIPPE GENET, THIERRY KOUAMÉ, STÉPHANE LAMASSÉ Natio Gallica): there isthe no archives reason keptwhy theby these results institutions for 19 268 has would come differ down from to us. results The sources for 40 000 are extremely patchy (10 years for the largest nation, the or more, especially if our strategy of exploration is coherent. On this second createdpoint, our records answer for has all toindividuals be more detailed. whose Christian name begins by letters A Generally speaking, we have followed an alphabetical strategy. We have Chartularium and Auctarium Universitatisto F (standardised Parisiensis classical4 Latin form, e.g. “Aegidius” for “Egidius”,Chartularium, “Gilles”, “Gillot” etc.) in ourAuctarium, core sources, t. 5 have the already so-called been entirely dealt with and we are in the middle of Chartularium,. We are now working on letter G. The strategyt. 1 et 2, andwith the a group of publications which are indispensable complements to the core group: repertory of authorsIII. for Besides, the Faculties we have of artsfollowed5 the same Faculties of medicine6 and of canon law7 rotuli8 repertories of Palémon Glorieux9 and Thomas Sullivan10 , records of the the Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae11 , editions of the Parisian , the- , and the volumes of , to mention but the most important. The alpha 4 Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis et alii. Auctarium Chartularii Universita- tis ParisiensisHeinrich Denifle; Émile Châtelain. (Paris: Delalain, 1889-1897),5 Olga Weijers 4 vol.. Le; Heinrich travail intellectuel Denifle; Émile à la Châtelain Faculté des arts de Paris: textes et maîtres (ca.1200-1500) (Paris: Delalain and H. Didier, 1894-1964), 6 vol. 6 Commentaires de la Faculté de médecine de l’Université de Paris (1395-1516) (Turnhout : Brepols, 1994-2012) 9 vol. Dictionnaire biographique des médecins en FranceErnest au Wickersheimer moyen âge , Dictionnaire biographique (Paris des médecins : Imprimerie en France nationale, au moyen 1915) âge. ; Id. Supplément, 7 (Genève: Droz, 1979 [1915]), 2 vol.La ;Faculté Danielle de Jacquart, décret de l’Université de Paris au XVe siècle (Genève : Droz, 1979). 8 Marcel Fournier, Léon Dorez,Rotuli Parisienses:Émile-Aurèle supplications Van Moé, to the Pope from the University of Paris, I, 1316-1349 (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1895-1942) 4 vol. : analysis to letter J only.- WilliamRotuli Parisienses: J. Courtenay, supplications to the Pope from the University of Paris, II, 1352-1378 (Leiden-Boston:Rotuli Parisienses:Brill, 2002); supplications William J. Courtenay to the Pope and from Eric the D.Univer God- sitydard, of Paris, III, 1378-1394 (Leiden-Boston:9 Brill, 2004)Répertoire ; Id., des maîtres en théologie de Paris au XIIIe siècle La Faculté (Leiden-Boston: des Arts et ses Maîtres Brill, 2013) au XIII 2 evol. siècle : analysis to letter G only. 10Palémon Thomas Glorieux,Sullivan Parisian Licentiates in Theology, A.D. 1373-1500: a Biographical(Paris Regis: Vrin,- 1933),ter. Vol. 2 I, vol. The ; ReligiousId., Orders (ParisParisian : Vrin, Licentiates 1971). in Theol- ogy, A.D. 1373-1500: a ,Biographical Register. Vol. II, The Secular Clergy 2011). (Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2004); Id., 11 Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae Répertoire prosopographique des évêques, (Leiden-Boston dignitaires et : Brill,cha- noines des diocèses de France de 1200 à 1500 published so far. , (Turnhout : Brepols, 1996-2021), 22 volumes CIAN, 24/1 (2021), 82-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2021.6159 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ROLE OF MEDIEVAL PARISIAN COLLEGES THROUGH THE ‘STUDIUM PARISIENSE’ DATABASE 85 - betical strategy is not exempt of bias, since Christian names have strong re fromgional A ties: to Z) most analysis Adam of someare from sources Picardy, containing Roger and lists Richard of masters from and Normandy, students Hervé and Yves from Brittany. To correct this, we have made a complete (i.e. records of collective payment of taxes for various reasons in 131312 1330which,13 thoughand 1464 seldom14 complete, providerotuli us with sent great in 1403 numbers15 to pope of names:Benoît XIII when French universities returned to the Avignon papacy’s obedience., 1329- , and the collection of Secular colleges - However, given the theme chosen for the HELOISE meeting at Lisbon, we have collected specific data about the Paris colleges (both secular and reli mustgious). be The made details of the of thesenew collegespecific studies sources derived is given from in each thesis individual initiated bio- by bibliography, and it is impossible to list them here in full. But special mention 16 17 18 and of a group of Jacques Verger: they provide as complete as possible surveys of the scholars of the colleges of Navarre , Dormans-Beauvais , Laon 12 History of Universities 13 William J.
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