SHAPING THE LAKE HURON TO LAKE ERIE CORRIDOR’S FUTURE: YOU CAN HELP

Swimming is a popular activity on beaches various citizen activities, such as It might seem like a lone individual’s efforts throughout the Lake Huron to Lake Erie wildlife monitoring and annual bird Corridor. Every summer, thousands flock counts, that help to gather important to the lakes and rivers around the region for relief from the summer heat. data for scientific research. At the same time, you will learn more about the have activities designed to monitor creatures that live in the region. and improve the health of rivers, could not affect the Lake Huron to Lake lakes and streams. • You can play a role in shaping future development in your community. • Help protect significant natural Development comes under the areas in your community by getting authority of your municipal council N

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N or local planning body, depending Erie Corridor’s environment, compared H conservancy or other conservation on where you live. Generally their JO

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A K • Volunteer for ecological projects in (or official) plans, policies and bylaws that are set through public processes. Students help install soil-bioengineering your area. These can include planting practices to improve coastal marsh habitat on trees, managing invasive plants, You and other citizens can have a say Grosse Ile, Michigan. with the powerful forces of nature and collecting seeds and removing litter in development decision-making by and trash from natural areas and attending public hearings and taking along waterways. Helping local other opportunities to express your nature organizations with this kind views on what you want your of work, even just once a year, can go community to look like. technology that created it over the past a long way when combined with the Whatever your age, wherever you efforts of many other volunteers. live, you can make a difference • Help scientists identify the best ways in the future of the Lake Huron of managing native ecosystems. to Lake Erie Corridor.

10,000 years. However, there are things You can do this by participating in

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JESSICA PITELKA OPFER JESSICA PITELKA L you can do to help restore and sustain

Y et us be good stewards of the Earth we inherited. H “L The Clinton River Watershed Council engages students in monitoring water quality and

DOROT learning about the aquatic life that inhabits the All of us have to share the Earth’s fragile ecosystems and river.

this ecological treasure. precious resources, and each of us has a role to play in

preserving them. If we are to go on living together on

• Share what you have learned from • Visit your local natural areas. • If there are creeks or rivers flowing this book. Education is critical to Experiencing and appreciating nature through your community, take a this Earth, we must all be responsible for it.” understanding and maintaining the are the first steps toward protecting it. moment to look at them. Do they Corridor’s natural heritage. Talk with appear to provide a healthy your family and friends about what • If you have a garden, beautify it with environment for plants and – Kofi Annan, you have read. Pass this book along native plants. Bringing back native animals? As you have read, healthy United Nations Secretary-General, 2001 to someone you think would be plants to neighborhoods throughout aquatic ecosystems are dependent interested in knowing more. the region could do much to improve upon good water quality. Contact wildlife habitat, sustain native your local watershed council or biodiversity and enhance water quality. conservation authority. They often G. REGNIER JOHN Children explore a wetland in Essex County, Ontario, looking for insects and having fun.

126 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR| HUMANINFLUENCE HUMANINFLUENCE| EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 127 A FTERWARD A PPENDIX A: PROTECTED L ANDS

When I first came to Michigan from my native New York, their appreciation and understanding of the beauty and I was struck by the beauty and vastness of its natural resources. variety of nature that surrounds us. Explore our Natural World I realized, too, that with this gift comes a tremendous has much to teach us about this unique region which is home responsibility to protect and preserve our environment for to so many species of plants and animals. future generations. I take this charge very seriously, as does DTE Energy and our utility subsidiaries, Detroit Edison At DTE Energy, we believe that protecting the environment and MichCon. begins in our own backyard. We appreciate the work of the Wildlife Habitat Council as they advise us in managing our At DTE Energy we believe that economic activity and "backyards" to benefit wildlife. To date, seven DTE Energy environmental protection can be mutually supportive. facilities are certified by the Wildlife Habitat Council as wildlife We are committed to promoting responsible use of sites, including three along the St. Clair and traditional and alternative energy solutions to fuel society’s Detroit Rivers, and two on Lake Erie. growth in the present, without compromising the quality of the environment for future generations. We operate our DTE Energy established the St. Clair River Waterways facilities in full compliance with environmental regulations for Wildlife Project in 1995, with the guidance of the and go beyond those requirements where feasible. We are Wildlife Habitat Council. That partnership joined businesses, reducing our impact on the environment through the municipalities, state and provincial agencies and individuals installation of innovative pollution control equipment. from both sides of the St. Clair River in a common goal We are also working towards a sustainable energy future by of enhancing wildlife habitat and protecting biodiversity investing in new technologies based on hydrogen, fuel cells, along the river. distributed generation and other renewable sources. Since then, this project has continued to grow in many Our corporate commitment to the environment is well ways – in acreage protected, in membership and in illustrated through the stewardship activities we sponsor. geographic scope. And it has fostered other successful And the environmental commitment and dedication of our international environmental partnerships. The designation employees is demonstrated daily through their actions. of the Detroit River as both a United States and Canadian We have an obligation to enhance the quality of life for Heritage River, and the creation of the International Wildlife today’s society and for generations to come. Environmental Refuge in the lower Detroit River, are examples of the stewardship is at the heart of this commitment. growing spirit of international environmental stewardship linking business, industry and our communities. This book DTE Energy has a vested interest in protecting and is the latest reflection of that spirit, and will contribute to enhancing our natural heritage. MichCon’s natural gas reserves furthering its growth. stretch from Traverse City to Taylor. And Detroit Edison’s electric generating plants are located from Michigan’s “Thumb” DTE Energy is grateful for the opportunity to participate to its southeastern border. In fact, the majority of our electric in the creation of this book. My hope is that publication facilities are along the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. of Explore our Natural World: A Biodiversity Atlas of the Lake Huron to Lake Erie Corridor will inspire all of us to regard That’s why we’re so pleased to support the publication of this region as our own "backyard," deserving of preservation Explore our Natural World: A Biodiversity Atlas of the Lake and protection now and for generations to come. Huron to Lake Erie Corridor. We believe this publication will help all citizens of southeastern Michigan and southwestern Afterward by Anthony F. Earley, Jr., Ontario, as well as the many visitors to our region, grow in Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of DTE Energy

128 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR| THE PHYSICALLANDSCAPE A PPENDIX A: PROTECTED L ANDS A PPENDIX B: SPECIES AT R ISK

Species at risk are plants and Special Concern–A species whose Factors that Contribute to the Decline of animals whose populations have been population is in decline, and whose Native Species declining in response to a variety characteristics make it particularly • Habitat loss and degradation of factors. Government agencies sensitive to human or natural • Environmental contamination periodically review species known to disturbances. • Genetic and reproductive isolation be rare and assign them a status that reflects the security of their future. The Extirpated–A native species no longer • Human interference with natural events, determination of a species’ status is existing in the wild within its natural such as fire based upon the best available habitat in a given region, but existing • Climate change or severe weather scientific information. elsewhere in the wild. • Disease The following are universal terms A species is protected by law if it is • Invasive species assigned to species at risk: designated as endangered or threatened. It is not legally protected if designated Several government agencies at the Extinct–a native species that no longer as special concern. Species listed as state/provincial and federal levels, as well exists anywhere. special concern signal potential losses of as non-government organizations, play Endangered–a native species at risk biodiversity in the future. This a role in identifying plants and animals of extinction imminently throughout designation gives an opportunity to for protection as well as developing all, or a significant portion of its range. implement conservation planning and conservation plans. land protection efforts before a species’ Threatened–a native species at risk situation becomes critical. of becoming endangered throughout all, or a significant portion of its range if declining factors are not reversed.

Conservation efforts to protect endangered and threatened species from extinction are critical to preserving biodiversity.

For the most current information about endangered, threatened and special concern species, contact the following organizations.

CANADA UNITED STATES NORTH AMERICA

COSWEIC SECRETARIAT U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NatureServe is a non-profit CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERVICE Bisphop Henry Federal Building conservation organization that ENVIRONMENT CANADA One Federal Drive provides the scientific information and tools Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Ft. Snelling, MN 55111-4056 needed to help guide effective conservation Http://www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca http://midwest.fws.gov/endangered action. NatureServe and its network Http://www.cosweic.gc.ca of natural heritage programs are MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES the leading source for information about SPECIES AT RISK PROJECT WILDLIFE DIVISION rare and endangered species and ONTARIO PARKS P.O. Box 30444 threatened ecosystems. 300 Water Street Lansing MI 48909-7944 Http://natureserve.org/ Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5 http://www.michigan.gov/dnr Http://www.mnr.gov.ca Michigan Natural Features Inventory Natural Heritage Information Centre PO Box 30444 Science and Information Branch Lansing, MI 48909-7944 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources www.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/ P.O. Box 7000 Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8M5 Canada www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/nhic.cfm

130 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 131 A PPENDIX B: SPECIES AT R ISK Regal fern borer Papaipema speciosissimaSC S2S3 G4 Red-legged COMMONspittlebug NAME Prosapia ignipectus SCIENTIFIC NAME SC MI ON S2S3 US CA S1? SRANK G4 SRANK GRANK COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME MI ON US CA SRANK SRANK GRANK Regal fritillary Speyeria idalia EN EXT SHMI G3 ON MI ON

Amphibians Smallmouth salamander Ambystoma texanum EN SC SC S1 S1 G5 Louisiana waterthrush Seiurus motacilla SC SC S2S3 S3B G5 Federal and State/Provincial Designations S5 Very common Global Rank (GRank) Blanchard's cricket frog Acris crepitans Caspian tern Sterna caspia TS2S3BG5 E Endangered (usually with greater than 1000 occurrences) The GRank indicates the relative abundance of blanchardii SC EN S2S3 SH G5T5 Forster's tern Sterna forsteri SC S2 S2S3B G5 T Threatened Fowler's toad Bufo fowleri T T S5 S2 G5 Common tern Sterna hirundo TS2S4BG5 SX Extirpated from the state or province a species on a worldwide scale. Global ranks are SC Special Concern determined by a consensus among natural heritage Five-lined skink Eumeces fasciatus SC SC S4 S3 G5 Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta SC S4 S4B G5 SH Historically known from a given area, but not programs, scientific experts and The Nature Barn Owl Tyto alba EN EN EN S1 S1 G5 Subnational Ranks (SRanks) reported recently; there is a reasonable Conservancy. These ranks are not legal designations. Reptiles Hooded warbler Wilsonia citrina SC T T S3 S3B G5 The SRank indicates the relative abundance of a expectation that the species may be rediscovered. Eastern spiny-softshell Apalone spinifera species on a state or provincial scale. It is used by G1 Critically Imperiled (0 to 5 known occurrences) SU Unranked, unrankable because of a lack of spinifera T T S3 G5T5 Mammals natural heritage programs to set protection priori- G2 Imperiled (6 to 20 known occurrences) or conflict in information. Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata TSCSCS2S3G5 Least shrew Cryptotis parva T EXT S1S2 SH G5 ties for rare species and natural communities. Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans SC SC S5 S3 G5 B Breeding, refers to the breeding population G3 Rare, or vulnerable to extinction Kirtland's snake Clonophis kirtlandii EN S1 G2 These ranks are not legal designations. Woodland vole Microtus pinetorum SC SC SC S3S4 S3 G5 of the species. (20 to 100 known occurrences) Blue racer Coluber constrictor EN EN S5 S1 G5 Indiana bat Myotis sodalis EN EN S1 G2 S1 Critically Imperiled (0 to 5 occurrences) G4 Apparently secure (more than 100 known Black rat snake Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta SC T T S3 S3 G5T5 ? Following a rank indicates some degree Eastern mole Scalopus aquaticus SC SC S5 S2 G5 occurrences) Eastern fox snake Elaphe vulpina gloydi TT TS2 G5T3 S2 Imperiled (6 to 20 occurrences) of uncertainty Blanding's turtle Emydoidea blandingii SC T S3 S3? G4 American badger Taxidea taxus EN EN S4 S2 G5 G5 Very common, the species is demonstrably S3 Rare, or vulnerable to extirpation Northern map turtle Graptemys geographica SC S5 S4 G5 Rank Ranges–When ranks are combined, it indicates secure under present conditions Plants (21 to 100 occurrences) a range, but there is insufficient information to determine Milk snake Lampropeltis triangulum SC S5 S4 G5 Climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa SC S3 S4 G4 S4 Apparently secure which exact rank applies; for instance, G1G2. GU Status uncertain, more data needed Copperbelly water snake Nerodia erthyrogaster Colic root Aletris farinosa TT?S2G5 Gattinger's agalinis Agalinis gattingeri EN EN EN S1 S2 G4 (usually with 101 to 1000 occurrences) G? Unranked, or if following a ranking, the rank neglecta EN T S1 G5T2T3Lake cress Armoracia lacustris TS2S3G4 is tentatively assigned Lake Erie water snake Nerodia sipedon insularum EN EN S2 G5T2LeadplantSkinner's agalinis AmorphaAgalinis canescens skinnerianaSCEN EN S3 EN S1 SH S1 G5 G3 Queen snake Regina septemvittata T T S4 S2 G5Hairy angelica Angelica venenosa SC S3 SR G5 T Denotes the rank applies to a subspecies Eastern massasauga Sistrurus catenatus or variety Missouri rock cress Arabis missouriensis catenatus SC T T S3S4 S3 G3G4T3T4 var deamii SC S2 G5 Eastern box turtle Terrapenne carolina Three-awned grass Aristida longespica TS2S2G5 Endangered, Threatened and Special Cocern Species known to occur in the Lake Huron to Lake Erie Corridor, Winter 2002 carolina SC S2S3 SE1 G5T5Virginia snakeroot Aristolochia serpentaria TS2G4 Butler's garter Snake Thamnophis butleri T T S4 S2 G4Sullivants milkweed Asclepias sullivantii TS2S2G5 Purple milkweed Asclepias purpurascens SC S3 S2 G5 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME MI ON US CA SRANK SRANK GRANK COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME MI ON US CA SRANK SRANK GRANK Birds Tall green milkweed Asclepias hirtella TS2S1G5 MI ON MI ON Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii SC S3S4 S4B G5Crooked stem aster Aster prenanthoides TT ? S2G4G5 Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis SC T S3 S4 G5 Mollusks Pugnose minnow Notropis emiliae EN SC SC S1 S2 G5 White wood aster Aster divaricatus TSRS1G5 Henslow's sparrow Ammodramus henslowii TENENS2S3S1BG4 Purple wartyback Cyclonaias tuberculata SC S2S3 S3 G5 Silver shiner Notropis photogenis EN SC SC S1 S2S3 G5 Canadian milk-vetch Astragalus canadensis TS1S2S4G5 Short-eared owl Asio flammeus EN SC SC S1 S3S4B G5 White catspaw Epioblasma obliquata Brindled madtom Noturus miurus SC S2S3 S2 G5 Cooper's milk-vetch Astragalus neglectus SC S3 S3 G4 Long-eared owl Asio otus TS2S4G5 perobliqua EN EN EN SH G1T1 Northern madtom Prairie indigo Baptisia alba SC SR SR G5 Noturus stigmosus EN SC SC S1 S1S2 G3 American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus SC S3S4 S4B G4 Northern riffleshell Epioblasma torulosa Slough grass Beckmannia syzigachne TS2S4G5 Channel darter Percina copelandi EN T T S1S2 S2 G4 Red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus T SC SC S3S4 S4B G5 rangiana EN EN EN EN S1 S1 G2T2 Murray birch Betula murrayana SC S1 G1Q River darter Percina shumardi EN S1 S3 G5 Black tern Chlidonias niger SC S3 S3B G4 Snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra EN EN EN S1 S1 G3 Side-oats grama grass Bouteloua curtipendula TS1S2S2G5 Southern redbelly dace Phoxinus erthyrogaster EN S1 G5 Northern harrier Circus cyaneus SC S3 S4B G5 Wavy-rayed lamp mussel Lampsilis fasciola TENENS2S1G4 Bluehearts Buchnera americana EN EN SX S1 G5 Sauger Stizostedion canadense TS1S4G5Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris SC S3S4 S5B G5 Hickorynut Obovaria olivaria SC S2 S1 G4 Large water-starwort Callitriche heterophylla TS1S2G5 Northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus EN EN S4 S1S2 G5Wild-hyacinth Camassia scilloides TT TS2S2G4G5 Round hickorynut Obovaria subrotunda EN EN S1 S1Insects G4 Yellow rail Raven's foot sedge Carex crus-corvi TSHS1G5 Round pigtoe Pleurobema sintoxia SC S2S3 S2S3Dusted G4 skipper Atrytonopsis hianna TS2S3S1G4G5 Davis's sedge Carex davisii SC S3 S2 G4 Mudpuppy mussel Simpsonaias ambigua EN EN EN S1 S1Pipevine G3 swallowtail Battus philenor SC S1S2 S2B G5 Fescue sedge Carex festucacea SC S1 S1 G5 Purple lilliput Toxolasma lividus EN S1Swamp G2 metalmark Calephelis mutica SC S1S2 G3G4 Frank's sedge Carex frankii SC S2S3 S2 G5 Rayed bean Villosa fabalis EN EN EN S1 S1Frosted G1G2 Elfin Callophrys irus TS2S3SXG3 False hop sedge Carex lupuliformis TENENS2S1G4 Rainbow Villosa iris SC S2S3 S2S3Monarch G5 butterfly Danaus plexippus SC SC S5 S5 G4 Coturnicops Broad-leaved sedge Carex platyphylla TS1S5G5 Wild indigo duskywing Erynnis baptisiae SC S2S3 S1 G5 noveboracensis T SC SC S1S2 S4B G4 Fish Richardson's sedge Carex richardsonii SC S3S4 S4 G4 Persius duskywing Erynnis persius persius T EXT S3 SX G5T2T3 Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea SC SC SC S3 S3B G4 Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens TS2S3G3G4 Weak stellate sedge Carex seorsa T S2 S2 G4 Duke's skipper Euphyes dukesi TS1S2G3Acadian flycatcher Empidonax virescens EN EN S3S4 S2B G5 Eastern sand darter Ammocrypta pellucida TT TS1S2S2G3 Squarrose sedge Carex squarrosa SC S1 S2 G4G5 Leafhopper Flexamia delongi SC S1S2 G? Merlin Falco columbarius TS1S2S4BG5 Redside dace Clinostomus elongatus EN SC SC S1S2 S3 G4 Hairy-fruited sedge Carex trichocarpa SC S2 S3 G4 Huron river leafhopper Flexamia huroni SC S1 G? Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus EN T T S1 S2S3B G4 Lake herring Coregonus artedi TS3S5G5 American chestnut Castanea dentata ET TS1S2S3G4 Leafhopper Flexamia reflexa SC S1 G? Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus SC S3 S4B G5 Creek chubsucker Erimyzon oblongus EN S1S2 G5 Dwarf hackberry Celtis tenuifolia SC SC S3 S2 G5 Russet-tipped clubtail Gomphus plagiatus SC S1S2 SH G5 Common loon Gavia immer T S3S4 S4B G5 Lake chubsucker Erimyzon sucetta T T S4 S2 G5 Purple turtlehead Chelone obliqua ES1G4 Barrens buckmoth Hemileuca maia SC S2S3 G5 Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucophalus TENT S4S4BG4 Greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides SC SC S4 S4 G5 Hill's thistle Karner blue butterfly Lycaeides melissa Eastern yellow-breasted Mooneye Hiodon tergisus TS2S4G5 samuelis TENS2SXG5T2 chat Icteria virens virens SC SC S3 S2S3B G5 Silver chub Hybopsis storeiana SC SC SC S2S3 S2 G5 Mitchell's satyr butterfly Neonympha mitchelli EN S1 G1G2 Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis TT TS2S3BG5 Northern brook lamprey Ichthyomyzon fossor SC SC S4 S3 G4 American burying beetle Nicrophorus americanus EN EN SH SH G2G3 Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus EN EN EN S? S2B G4 Cirsium hillii SC S3 S3 G3 Bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus SC SC S3 SU G5 Powesheik skipperling Oarisma powesheik TS1S2G2Red-headed woodpecker Melanerpes Dodder Cuscuta indecora SC SH G5 Spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus SC T T S2S3 S2 G5 Tamarack tree cricket Oecanthus laricis SC S1S2 G1G2 erythrocephalus SC SC S5 S3B G5Knotweed dodder Cuscuta polygonorum SC S2 SH G5 Spotted sucker Minytrema melanops SC SC S3 S2 G5 Pine tree cricket Oecanthus pini SC S1S2 S1 G? Black-crowned Yellow nut-grass Cyperus flavescens SC S2S3 S2 G5 River redhorse Moxostoma carinatum TSCSCS1S2G4 Blazing star borer moth Papaipema beeriana SC S1S2 G3 night heron Nycticorax nycticorax SC S2S3 S3B G5Small white flowered Black redhorse Moxostoma duquesnei T T S3 S2 G5 Maritime sunflower borer Papaipema maritima SC S1S2 G4 Osprey Pandion haliaetus TS4S4BG5lady's slipper Cypripedium candidum TEN S2S1G4 Pugnose shiner Notropis anogenus SC SC SC S3 S2 G3 Culver's root borer moth Papaipema sciata SC S2S3 G3G4 Wilson's phalarope Phalaropus tricolor SC (N) S3B G5Ram's head lady slipper Cypripedium arietinum SC S3 S3 G3 Bridle shiner Notropis bifrenatus SC SC S2 G5 Silphium borer moth Papaipema silphii T S1S2 G3G4 Prothonotary warbler Protonotaria citrea EN EN S3 S1S2B G5Large toothwort Dentaria maxima T S1S2 SSYN G5Q King rail Rallus elegans EN EN EN S1 S2B G4G5Beak grass Diarrhena americana TS2G4 Creeping whitlow grass Draba reptans TS1S2G5 English sundew Drosera anglica SC S3 S5 G5

132 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 133 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME MI ON US CA SRANK SRANK GRANK COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME MI ON US CA SRANK SRANK GRANK MI ON MI ON A PPENDIX C: RECOMMENDED R EADING Purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea EXT SX SE1 G4 Spike-rush Eleocharis geniculata TS?S1G5 Engelmann's spike rush Eleocharis engelmannii SC S2S3 S1 G4G5Q Horsetail spikerush Eleocharis equisetoides SC EN EN S3 S1 G4 Spike-rush Eleocharis radicans EXT SX G5 A Checklist of Ontario Freshwater Fishes. Birds of Southeast Michigan: Dearborn Wayne Ontario Birds at Risk. 1994. Federation of Ontario Love grass Eragrostis capillaris SC SH S1 G5 1992. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto County. 1996. Julie A. Craves. Cranbrook Institute Naturalists and Long Point Bird Observatory. Small love grass Eragrostis pilosa SC SH SE1 G4 of Science Bulletin 62. Cranbrook Institute of Wahoo Euonymous atropurpureus SC S3 S3 G5 Violet wood-sorrel Oxalis violacea TS1G5A Guide to Michigan’s Endangered Wildlife. Science, Bloomfield, Hills, Michigan. Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Upland boneset Eupatorium sessilifolium TS1G5Ginseng Panax quinquefolius T EN EN S2S3 S2 G3G4 1992. David C. Evers. University of Michigan 1987. Frederick W. Case, Jr. Cranbrook Institute Tinted spurge Euphorbia commutata TS1S1G5Leiberg's panic grass Panicum leibergii TS2S2G5Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Insects of the Great Lakes Region. 1996. of Science Bulletin 48. Cranbrook Institute Chestnut sedge Fimbristylis puberula EXT SX S1 G5 Small fruited panic grass Panicum microcarpon SC S2 S2 G5T5 Gary A. Dunn. University of Michigan, of Science, Bloomfield, Hills, MI. Blue ash Fraxinus quadrangulata SC SC S? S3 G5 Low-forked chickweed Paronychia fastigiata SC SH S1 G5T5 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Ann Arbor, Michigan. Umbrella-grass Fuirena squarrosa TS2G4G5Smooth beardtongue Penstemon calycosus TS2SE1G5Region. 1997. James H. Harding. University The Geology of Michigan. 1970. John A. Door Showy orchis Galearis spectabilis TS2S4G5Pale beard tongue Penstemon pallidus SC S3 SE1 G5 of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair Handbook. 1993. and Donald F. Eschman. The University Downy gentian Gentiana puberulenta EN S1 SX G4G5 Wild bean Phaseolus polystachios SC SH G4 Edited by Stanley J. Bolsenga and Charles E. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Stiff gentian Gentianella quinquefolia TS2S2G5Heart-leaved plantain Plantago cordata EN EN EN S1 S1 G4 Amphibians and Reptiles of Ontario. 2002. Herdendorf. Wayne State University Press, Ross D. MacCulloch. Royal Ontario Museum Detroit, Michigan. The Ontario Butterfly Atlas. 1991. Toronto White prairie gentian Gentiana alba EN EN EN S1 S1 G4 Orange fringed orchid Platanthera ciliaris TS2SXG5 and McClelland & Stewart Ltd. Toronto, Entomologists’ Association, Toronto. Pale avens Geum virginianum SC S1S2 S1 G5 Eastern prairie fringed Ontario. Mammals of the Great Lakes Region. 1997. Limestone oak fern Gymnocarpium orchid Platanthera leucophaea EN SC T EN S1 S2 G2 Allen Kurta. University of Michigan Press, The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook. 1997. robertianum TS2S2G5 Bog bluegrass Poa paludigena TS2G3Atlas of Breeding Birds in Ontario. 1987. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Society of Ecological Restoration. Island Press, Kentucky coffee-tree Gymnocladus dioicus SC T S3S4 S2 G5 Jacob's ladder Polemonium reptans TS2SEH G5Federation of Ontario Naturalists Washington, D.C. Whiskered sunflower Helianthus hirsutus SC S3 SE1 G5 Cross-leaved milkwort Polygala cruciata SC S3 SX G5 and Long Point Bird Observatory. Michigan Trees. 1981. Burton V. Barnes. Downy sunflower Helianthus mollis T S2 SE1 G4G5 Pink milkwort Polygala incarnata EXT EN EN SX S1 G5 University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI. Dwarf bulrush Hemicarpha micrantha SC S3 S1 G5 Honey-flowered Polygonatum Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario. 1994. Smooth rose mallow Hibiscus laevis SC SH SX G5 Solomon's seal biflorum var melleum EXT SX SH G5TH Federation of Ontario Naturalists Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide. 1977. Lawrence Swamp rose mallow Hibiscus moscheutos SC S3S4 S3 G5 Carey's smartweed Polygonum careyi TS1S2S3S4G4 Newcomb. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Panicled hawkweed Hieracium paniculatum SC S2 S2 G5 Swamp cottonwood Populus heterophylla EN S1 G5 Atlas of Rare Vascular Plants of Ontario. Massachusetts. Green violet Hybanthus concolor SC S3 S2 G5 Vasey's pondweed Potamogeton vaseyi TSHS4G41982-87. National Museum of Sciences, Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis TT TS2S2G4 Sand cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa SU S3 G5 Ottawa. Gentian-leaved Bald rush Psilocarya scirpoides T S2 G4 St. John's wort Hypericum gentianoides SC S3 S1 G5 Pinedrops Pterospora andromedea TS2S2G5 Round-fruited Hoary mountian mint Pycnanthemum incanum EN EN S1 G5 A PPENDIX D: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS St. John's wort Hypericum sphaerocarpum S1 S1 G5 Hairy mountian mint Pycnanthemum pilosum TS2S1G5T5 Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides EN T EN S1 S1 G2 Shumard oak Quercus shumardii SC SC SC S2 S3 G5 Whorled pogonia Isotria verticillata TENENS2S1G5 Spearwort Ranunculus ambigens TSHSRG4 Twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla SC S3 S4 G5 Prairie buttercup Ranunculus rhomboideus TS2S3G5Special thanks to the following individuals Richard W. Ford Hal Schraeder, Ontario Ministry Short fruited rush Meadow-beauty Rhexia virginica SC S3 S3S4 G5 for their contributions towards this Atlas: Lynette Gajewski, student intern-UM Dearborn of Natural Resources Climbing prairie rose Rosa setigera TSCS2S3S3G5 Orin Gelderloos, University Daryl Smith, Ontario Ministry of Natural Tooth-cup Rotala ramosior SC EN EN S3 S1 G5 Dennis Albert, Michigan Natural of Michigan-Dearborn Resources Hairy ruellia Scirpus clintoniiRuellia humilis SCTS1G5 S3 S2 G4 Features Inventory Tall nut-rush Scleria triglomerata SC S3 S1 G5 Doug Sweet, Belle Isle Aquarium Juncus brachycarpus T S1S2 S1 G4G5 Arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis TS1S2G4G5David S. Appel Marcie Greear, student intern-UM Dearborn Few-flowered nut-rush Scleria pauciflora EN S1 S1 G5 Vasey's rush Juncus vaseyi T S1S2 S3 G5? Canadian burnet Sanguisorba canadensis TS1G5 Ron Gould, Ontario Ministry of Natural John and Dorothy Tiedje Fire pink Silene virginica TS1SXG5 Rollin H. Baker Water-willow Justicia americana TT TS2S1G5 Clinton's bulrush Resources Molly Urbanek, student intern-UM Dearborn False boneset Kuhnia eupatorioides SC S2 G5Compass plant Silphium laciniatum TS1S2S1G5 Dan Ballnik, Ford Motor Company Woodland lettuce Lactuca floridana TS2S2G5Cup plant Silphium perfoliatum TS2S2G5 Ken Hall, Sarnia-Lambton Environmental Roberta Urbani, DTE Energy Wasyl Baskowsky, Natural Heritage Legget's pinweed Lechea pulchella TS1S2S1G5White goldenrod Solidago bicolor SC S3 S4? G5 Association/Clean Harbors Inc. Information Centre Dave White, Walpole Island Heritage Centre Least pinweed Lechea minor SC SH SX G5Riddell's goldenrod Solidago riddellii SC SC S? S3 G5 James H. Harding, Michigan State University Tom Woiwoode, Southeast Michigan Slender bush clover Lespedeza virginica EN EN S? S1 G5Showy goldenrod Solidago speciosa EN EN S? S1 G5 Trish Beckjord, Smith Group JJR Peggy Johnson Greenways Initiative Cliff conobea Leucospora multifida SC S? S1 G5Prairie dropseed Sporobolus heterolepis SC S3 S3 G5 Brittany Bird, Wildlife Habitat Council Blazing-star Liatris squarrosa EXT SX G5Blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium hastile EXT S? S1 G5? Mary LaFrance, Friends of Sibley Prairie Allen Woodliffe, Ontario Ministry Caroline Biribauer, Wildlife Habitat Council Dense blazing star Liatris spicata T T S? S2 G5Smooth carrion flower Smilax herbacea SC S3 S4 G5 Evan H. Larson, Wayne State University of Natural Resources Round-leaved greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia T T S? S2 G5 Furrowed flax Linum sulcatum SC S2S3 S3 G5 Mary Bohling, DTE Energy John M. Zawiskie, Cranbrook Institute Trailing wild bean Strophostyles helvula SC S3 S3 G5 Amy Mangus, Southeast Michigan Virginia flax Linum virginianum TS2S2G4G5 Suzann Campbell, Belle Isle Nature Center of Science Purple twayblade Liparis liliifolia SC EN EN S3 S2 G5Wood poppy Stylophorum diphyllum EN EN S? S1 G5 Council of Governments Narrow-leaved puccon Lithospermum incisum EXT SX S1 G5Virginia goat's rue Tephrosia virginiana EN EN S? S1 G5 Matthew Child, Essex Region Bruce Manny, U.S. Geological Service Many of the photographs used in this book are Broad-leaved puccon Lithospermum latifolium SC S2 S3 G4Virginia spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana SC S2 SE1 G5 Conservation Authority from U.S. and Canadian citizens who entered Tim Marchand, Ontario Parks Seedbox Ludwigia alternifolia SC S3 S1 G5Bastard pennyroyal Trichostema dichotomum TS2S1G5 Citizens Environmental Alliance a Photo Contest in the fall of 2002. We thank Northern appressed Dropping trillium Trillium flexipes EN EN S? S1 G5 Scott Munro, Sarnia-Lambton them for their generosity and enthusiasm Bob Collins, St. Clair County Community clubmoss Lycopodiella subappressaSC S2 G2Prairie trillium Trillium recurvatum TS2S3G5 Environmental Association for the beauty of the region. College Swamp candles Lysimachia hybrida SC S2 S1 G5Toadshade Trillium sessile TS2S3G4G5 Mark O’Brien, Michigan Odonata Survey All non-credited photographs taken by Cucumber tree Magnolia acuminata EN EN S2 G5Painted trillium Trillium undulatum EN S1S2 S5? G5 Larry Cornelis, Sydenham Field Naturalists Kris Olsson, Huron River Watershed Council Lisa M. Appel Wing-stemmed Nodding pogonia Triphora trianthophora EN EN S1 S1 G3G4 Donald Craig, St. Clair Region Sand grass Triplasis purpurea SC S2 S4? G4G5 A special thanks to the following monkeyflower Mimulus alatus EXT SX S2 G5 Conservation Authority Terry Parks, St. Clair County Regional Education Bee balm Monarda didyma EXT SX S3 G5Corn-salad Valerianella umbilicata TS2S1G3G5 Service Agency photographers for the donation of their Prairie birdfoot violet Viola pedatifida TEN S1S1G5 Julie A. Craves, Rouge River Bird outstanding work to the project: Red mulberry Morus rubra TENENS2S2G5 John Polascek, Dossin Great Lakes Museum Mat muhly Muhlenbergia Frost grape Vitis vulpina TS1S2S1G5 Observatory richardsonis TS2S2G5Wild rice Zizania aquatica Jim DuBay, DTE Energy Joe Rathbun, Michigan Department Robert Stewart American lotus Nelumbo lutea TS2S2G4 var aquatica TS2S3S4G5T5 of Environmental Quality Chris Durand, St. Clair Region Glenn Ogilve Karen Rodriguez, U.S. Environmental Conservation Authority Jim Simek Protection Agency Floyd Elliott, Lambton Wildlife Inc. Allen Chartier Ray Rustem, Michigan Department Eastern prickly pear cactusOpuntia humifusa EN EN S? S1 G5 of Natural Resources

134 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 135 A PPENDIX E: R ESOURCES AND O RGANIZATIONS

Below is a list of organizations St. Clair County Planning Commission Non-government Organizations – White Lake C.A.R.E. Oakland Land Conservancy Sarnia Urban Wildlife Committee Drayton Plains Nature Center Lewis E. Wint Nature Center involved with environmental (810) 989-6950 United States www.wlrcare.com (248) 601-2816 www.suwc.org (248) 647-2119 Oakland County Parks education and protection in the Lake www.stclaircounty.org/offices/metro/ www.oaklandlandconservancy.org www.draytonplainsnaturecenter.org and Recreation Huron to Lake Erie Corridor Cranbrook Institute of Science Wildlife Habitat Council Sydenham Field Naturalists Howell Interpretive Nature Center (248) 625-6473 U.S. Department of Agriculture (248) 645-3200 (301) 588-8994 Raisin Valley Land Trust P.O. Box 22008 (517) 546-0249 www.co.oakland.mi.us/parksrec/ First Nations Natural Resources Conservation www.cranbrook.edu/institute/ www.wildlifehc.org (734) 428-8108 Dufferin Ave. www.ismi.net/howellnature ppark/wint_center.html Service www.rvlt.org Wallaceberg, ON N8A 5G4 Walpole Island Heritage Center (517) 324-5270 Detroit Audubon Society Watershed Councils James D. Reader, Jr. Urban Lloyd A. Stage (519) 627-1475 (810) 545-2929 Southeast Michigan Land Tallgrass Ontario Environmental Education Center Outdoor Education Center www.bkejwanong.com United States Environmental www.detroitaudubon.expage.com Clinton River Watershed Council Conservancy (519) 873-4631 Nichols Arboretum City of Troy Protection Agency (810) 853-9580 (734) 997-0942 www.tallgrassontario.org University of Michigan (248) 524-3567 Government – Binational Great Lakes National Program Office The Detroit Zoological Society www.crwc.org www.bendor.org/smlc.html (734) 998-9540 www.ci.troy.mi.us/parks/OEC/ (312) 353-2117 (248) 541-5717 Wetland Habitat Fund www.umich.edu/~wwwarb/about NatureCenter.asp International Joint Commission www.epa.gov/glnpo www.detroitzoo.org Friends of the Rouge Superior Land Conservancy (613) 722-2090 (519) 257-6710 (313) 792-9627 (734) 482-7414 www.wetlandfund.com Kensington Metropark Lake Erie Metropark Museum www.ijc.org U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ducks Unlimited, Inc. www.therouge.org www.bendor.org/slc.shtml Nature Center and Nature Center Great Lakes-Big Rivers Region 3 Great Lakes/Atlantic Region Office Land Protection Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Huron-Clinton Government – United States 1-800-657-3775 (734) 623-2000 Huron River Watershed Council The Nature Conservancy Authority Metropolitan Authority http://midwest.fws.gov www.ducks.org (734) 769-5123 Michigan Chapter Thames Talbot Land Trust (248) 685-1561 (734) 379-5020 Army Corps of Engineers www.hrwc.org (517) 316-0300 (519) 652-2189 www.metroparks.com www.metroparks.com Detroit District U.S. Geological Survey East Michigan Environmental http://nature.otg/wherewework/ (313) 226-6767 Biological Resources Division Action Council Friends of St. Clair River northamerica/states/michigan Nature Conservancy of Canada Matthaei Botanical Gardens The Madison Heights Nature Great Lakes Science Center (248) 258-5188 www.friendsofstclair.com (416) 932-3202 University of Michigan Center at Friendship Woods Belle Isle Aquarium (734) 994-3331 www.emeac.org/ Washtenaw Land Trust (734) 998-7061 City of Madison Heights (313) 852-4075 www.glsc.usgs.gov Johnson Creek Protection Group (734) 302-LAND Nature Centers -U.S. and Canada www.lsa.umich.edu/mbg (248) 585-0100 www.ci.detroit.mi.us/recreation/cen- Great Lakes Commission (734) 761-1010 www.washtenawlandtrust.org ters/M/belle_isle/belleM.htm Government – Canada (734) 971-9135 www.jcpg.org Ojibway Nature Centre Nankin Mills Nature Center Gerald E. Eddy Geology Center www.glc.org West Bloomfield Land (519) 966-5852 Wayne County Road Commission Michigan Department Dossin Great Lakes Museum Canadian Wildlife Service River Raisin Watershed Council Conservancy www.ojibway-ca/index.htm (734) 261-1850 of Natural Resources (313) 852-4050 (819) 997-1095 Greening of Detroit (517) 263-5614 7299 Verona Drive www.waynecounty.com/parks/nank Waterloo Recreation Area www.ci.detroit.mi.us/recreation/cen- www.cws.ec.gc.ca (313) 237-8733 www.riverraisin.org West Bloomfield, MI 48322 Longwoods Road Conservation in_ic.htm (734) 261-1900 ters/M/belle_isle/belleM.htm www.greeningofdetroit.com (248) 788-3940 Area, Resource Centre and Environment Canada Detroit American Heritage River Ska-Nah-Doht Iroquoian Village Oakwoods Metropark Leslie Science Center Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority Inquiry Centre Michigan Odonata Survey (313) 568-9594 Non-government and Museum Nature Center Ann Arbor Parks and Recreation 1-800-477-2757 1-800-668-6767 Insect Division, Museum www.tellusnews.com/ahr Organizations – Canada (519) 264-2420 Huron-Clinton Metropolitan (734) 997-1553 www.metroparks.com www.ec.gc.ca of Zoology www.lowerthames- Authority www.ci.ann- http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/ Land Protection Carolinian Canada conservation.on.ca/Longwoods (734) 782-3956 arbor.mi.us/Parks/LeslieScience/le Michigan Department Essex Region Conservation Authority michodo/mos.html (519) 873-4631 RoadCA.htm www.metroparks.com slie.htm of Agriculture (519) 776-5209 Bluewater Land Conservancy www.carolinian.org Environmental Stewardship Division www.erca.org National Wildlife Federation P.O. Box 611424 Pinery Provincial Park Visitor Pine River Nature Center Holliday Forest (517) 241-0236 (734) 769-3351 Port Huron, MI 48061-1424 Ducks Unlimited Canada Centre St. Clair County Regional Education and Wildlife Preserve www.mda.state.mi.us Essex County Stewardship Network www.nwf.org (705) 721-4444 (519) 243-8574 Service Agency (734) 261-1900 /environm/index.html Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Grosse Ile Nature and Land www.ducks.ca www.pinerypark.on.ca (810) 325-9106 www.waynecounty.com/parks/ (519) 354-6274 Rouge River Bird Observatory Conservancy www.sccresa.org william_p_holliday.htm Michigan Department of www.ontariostewardship.org/ Environmental Interpretive Center (734) 676-6657 Essex County Field Naturalists’ Point Pelle National Park Nature Environmental Quality Essex/essex.htm University of Michigan-Dearborn www.ginlc.org Club Centre Seven Ponds Nature Center Private 1-800-662-9278 (313) 593-5338 (519) 733-9972 (519) 322-2365 Michigan Audubon Society www.michigan.gov/deq Lower Thames Valley Conservation www.umd.umich.edu/dept/ Holly Land Trust www.ojibway.ca/ECFN.htm www.pc.gc.ca/pn- (810) 796-3200 DTE Energy Authority rouge_river 304 S. Broad Street, Suite A np/on/pelee/index_E.asp www.geocities.com/sevenponds/ (313) 235-4000 Michigan Department of Natural (519) 354-7310 Holly, MI 48442 Federation of Ontario Naturalists www.dteenergy.com Resources www.lowerthames- Southeast Michigan Greenways (416) 444-8419 Rondeau Provincial Park Sterling Heights Nature Center (517) 373-1207 conservation.on.ca Initiative Independence Land Conservancy www.ontarionature.org Visitor Centre (586) 446-2711 Ontario Power Generation www.michigan.gov/dnr Community Foundation for 8062 Ortonville Road (519) 674-1768 (416) 592-2555 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Southeast Michigan Clarkston, MI 48016 Holiday Beach Migration www.rondeauprovincialpark.ca Stony Creek Metropark www.opg.com Natural Area Preservation Main Office – Peterborough (313) 961-6675 Observatory Nature Center City of Ann Arbor (705) 755-2000 http://greenways.cfsem.org Livingston Land Conservancy Essex Region Conservation Wawanosh Wetlands Conservation Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Ford Motor Company Department of Parks and Recreation www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/ (810) 229-3290 Authority Area Education Centre Authority 1-800-392-3673 (734) 996-3266 Southeastern Michigan Raptor www.livingstonland (519) 736-3772 www.mvca.on.ca/wawa.html (586) 781-4242 www.ford.com www.ci.ann- Ontario Parks Research conservancy.org www.hbmo.org www.metroparks.com arbor.mi.us/framed/parks/nap.htm 1-800-ONTARIO (734) 379-5020 x 5736 A.W. Campbell Conservation Area Smith Group JJR www.ontarioparks.com www.smrr.net Macomb Land Conservancy Lambton Wildlife Incorporated Nature House Metro Beach Metropark 1-866-SMITHGROUP National Oceanographic and (586) 784-5848 www.sarnia.com/groups/ (519) 847-5357 Nature Center www.smithgroup.jjr.com Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Rural Lambton Stewardship Network Southeast Michigan Resource www.savingplaces.org lwi/lwi.html Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Great Lakes Environmental (519) 354-5013 Conservation and Development Authority Research Laboratory (GLERL) www.ontariostewardship.org/ Council Michigan Nature Association Little River Enhancement Group University of Michigan-Dearborn (586) 463-4581 (734) 741-2235 LAMBTON/lambton.htm www.semircd.org (517) 655-5655 (519) 735-0418 Environmental Interpretive Center www.metroparks.com http://www.glerl.noaa.gov St. Clair Region www.michigannature.org www.lilreg.com/ (313) 593-5338 Conservation Authority Southeast Michigan Stewardship Ontario Federation of Anglers www.umd.umich.edu/dept/na Indian Springs Metropark Oakland County Planning & (519) 245-3710 Network Monroe County Land Conservancy and Hunters Nature Center Economic Development Services www.scrca.on.ca www.snre.umich.edu/ (734) 279-2149 (705) 748-6324 Dinosaur Hill Nature Preserve Huron-Clinton (248)858-0720 stewardshipnetwork www.bendor.org/mlc.shtml www.ofah.org City of Rochester and Rochester Metropolitan Authority http://www.co.oakland.mi.us/peds/ Upper Thames River Community Schools (248) 625-7280 Southeast Michigan Council Conservation Authority Southwest Detroit North Oakland Headwaters Sarnia-Lambton Environmental (248) 656-0999 www.metroparks.com of Governments (519) 451-2800 Environmental Vision Land Conservancy Association www.livinglibrary.com/dinohill (313) 961-4266 www.thamesriver.on.ca (313)842-1961 (248) 846-6547 (519) 332-2010 www.semcog.org comnet.org/local/orgs/sdev www.nohlc.org www.sarniaenvironment.com

136 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 137 G LOSSARY

A biota–animal and plant life of a region. consumer–an organism that eats plants embayment–a bay. fragmentation–the process, usually the I mesic–moderately moist. periphyton–benthic algae that grow or animals for its food. result of development or agriculture, in attached to surfaces, such as rocks abiotic–a nonliving factor in an envi- biotic–the living organisms in a ericaceous–plants of the heath family, which natural areas, such as a forests impervious surfaces–hard surfaces microclimate–climates of small or larger plants. ronment (e.g. light, water, temperature.) community, including all of the plant contaminant–something that makes such as bog rosemary and leatherleaf, or wetlands, are cut away or changed within a watershed including rooftops, specific areas as contrasted with the and animal life in a community. water, soil, or air unsuitable, unclean, which usually prefer to grown in acid so that only small, isolated remnants of parking lots, streets, sidewalks, and general climate of the area. pesticide–a chemical preparation used acid–substance with a pH value or toxic; a pollutant. substrates. the original community remain. driveways that do not allow water to control populations of organisms. less than 7. bog–peat-accumulating wetland with to infiltrate soils. migrate–to pass seasonally from pioneer species – plants that are typi- precipitation as the dominant water cover–the vegetation, debris, erosion–the process by which the G one region or climate to another. cally shade-intolerant, short-lived, and acidophiles–plants that live indicator species–plant or animal source, typically acidic and normally and irregularities of the land that surface of the earth is worn away game fish–fish large enough to be the first to grow in land that has been in acidic soils. dominated by Sphagnum spp. mosses. provide concealment, sleeping, by water, glaciers, winds, and waves, communities whose presence indicates mitigation (of wetlands)–restoration, disturbed by fire, agriculture, or other caught by recreational sport fishermen; good habitat or water quality; species feeding, and breeding areas which is often intensified by land- sport fish. creation, enhancement, or preservation events. alkaline–substance with a pH value buffer–areas or strips of land for wildlife. clearing practices related to farming, that offer a signal of the biological con- of wetlands that expressly compensates greater than 7. dition of a given area. in permanent vegetation, designed residential, industrial development, genetic diversity–the chromosomal for unavoidable wetland losses due to plankton–small, passively floating to intercept pollutants and sediment. D road building, or logging. diversity available within a species. development actions. or weakly mobile aquatic organisms. anaerobic–lacking oxygen. Buffers include riparian buffers, filter invasive species–a species of animal deciduous plant–a plant that sheds or plant that is moved, usually by strips, windbreaks, and living all its leaves every year during erosional features–topography and geology–the science that deals with moraine–an accumulation of gravel, point source pollution–pollution that aquifer–an underground geological snow fences. landforms shaped by flowing water intentional or unintentional human and stone carried and deposited by originates from a specific, identifiable formation or group of formations a certain season. the dynamics and physical history intervention, from its native location and glacial ice. of the earth, rocks, and the earth’s glaciers, often forming mounds or hills. location. Point source pollution can be containing water. Aquifers are sources bulkhead–a retaining structure to a new location; without natural discharged from any pipe, ditch, chan- of groundwater for wells and springs. decomposer–microorganisms, fungus, physical, chemical, and biological predators or consumers in the new of timber, steel, or reinforced or insects that convert dead organic eutrophication–describes changes. nel, tunnel, conduit, well, concentrated concrete used for shoreline a phenomenon in water bodies that location, an invasive species can N feeding operation, sewage discharge autotroph–an organism capable of self- materials into inorganic materials. become a nuisance species that protection or harbors. occurs when waters are rich in mineral grassland–an area in which grasses naiad–the juvenile form of the pipe, landfill leachate collection nourishment by using inorganic materi- and organic nutrients. It results in a threatens or eliminates native species; system, vessel, or other floating craft. als as a source of nutrients and using decomposition–chemical breakdown and wildflowers are the dominant also known as non-native species, dragonfly, damselfly, or mayfly. C of a compound into simpler proliferation of plant life, especially vegetation. photosynthesis or chemosynthesis as a algae, that reduce the dissolved oxy- exotic species, or nuisance species. pollinator–a creature, often an insect, source of energy (e.g. plants.) calcareous–chalkiness due to the compounds, often accomplished nearshore waters–a band of varying presence of calcium carbonate. through the aid of microorganisms. gen content and often causes the gravel–a sediment type, consisting width around the perimeter of a lake bird, bat, moth or butterfly that conveys death of other organisms in the water. invertebrates–organisms without a flower’s pollen from the anther to the B of small stones and cobble. a backbone. between the land and the deeper off- canopy–the cover formed by the delist–a term used by the International shore waters, as determined by the stigma. backfill–material, often dirt or broken tallest, leafy upper branches of trees Joint Commission (IJC) to indicate exotic species–organisms Great Lakes Basin–the five Great Lakes J thermocline; the part of a large lake in concrete, used to fill the space behind in a forest. when water and habitat quality (plant or animal) introduced plus the watershed land that surrounds which fish spawn, waterfowl feed, and pollution–the introduction of harmful a retaining wall or other shoreline standards within an Area of Concern to a habitat where they are them; the largest freshwater system K mammals prey. substances or products into an envi- hardening structure. carnivorous–animals that eat meat; have improved to the point of non-native. They are often severe in the world. ronment. a plant that eats insects. no longer being a concern. agents of habitat alteration L native species–an animal or plant barrens–level or slightly rolling land, and degradation and are a major Great Lakes coastal marsh–a that originated in a particular place population–the quantity of a certain usually with relatively infertile sandy channelization–human engineering delta–a geological formation that cause of the loss of biological freshwater wetland ecosystem that lacustrine–of, or pertaining to, a lake. or region. species living in a certain location. soil and few trees. of river channels to enlarge, straighten, occurs where a stream or river diversity; often referred occurs along the coast of the Great embank, or protect existing channels, deposits sediment into a receiving to as introduced, alien, Lakes, which is highly influenced by lakeplain–old lake bottom non-native–in conservation terms, an predator–an animal that kills and eats bedrock–the rock underlying soils create new channels, or protect basin or lake. or non-indigenous species. fluctuating water levels. of the ancestral Great Lakes. organism that has been introduced to other animals. ranging from zero (when exposed adjacent structures. an area in which it did not originate. by erosion) to several hundred feet deposition–the act or process of F ground water–water beneath the land use planning–the process of prey–animals that are killed and eaten in elevation. clay–a sediment type, consisting of being deposited (e.g. the placement of fauna–animals, collectively. earth’s surface that supplies wells deciding appropriate uses of land. nonpoint source pollution–pollution by other animals. particles less than 0.002 mm in diame- excavated soils or dredged materials in and springs. Precipitation that is that comes from many different sources benthic–relating to the bottom of a ter. A soil type consisting of greater a new location; sediments transported fen–peat-accumulating wetlands absorbed into the ground replenishes landforms–hills, valleys, low areas, and over a broad area. It usually caused producer–a green plant or bacterium body of water. than 40% clay, less than 45% sand, and by water current to a new place.) with groundwater as the dominant groundwater. lakes that comprise the topography of by rainfall or snowmelt moving over that uses photosynthesis or less than 40% silt. water source, and a variety of plant an area; a natural feature of a land and through the ground. As the runoff chemosynthesis; constitutes the first benthic macroinvertebrate–an aquatic dike–a human-made barrier built species, including grasses and sedges. H surface. moves, it picks up pollutants, finally trophic level in a food chain. invertebrate animal large enough climate–general prevailing weather around a wetland designed to control habitat–the arrangement of food, depositing them into lakes, rivers, to be seen with the human eye. patterns of a region, based on temper- water levels within an enclosed area. floodplain–the land bordering a river or larva–the immature, wingless, streams, and wetlands. Farm fields Q Macroinvetebrates include insects, water, shelter or cover, and space feeding stage of an insect. ature, air pressure, humidity, precipita- stream that is subject to flooding. The suitable to animals’ needs. and parking lots, or from an unseen clams, crayfish, snails and worms. tion, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds. diversity–variety. floodplain is built up of sediments from location, such as an underground R An analysis of the types and numbers overflow of the stream. life history–the developmental history storage tanks or failing septic relict–a plant, animal, or geological of macroinvertebrates present in a headwaters–the origin or upper of an individual or group. climax community–a stage in ecologi- dredging–the process of using machin- tributaries of a river. systems are sources of nonpoint feature that has survived in stream is a very useful indicator cal succession in which a community ery to remove sediments from the bot- flora–plants, collectively. source pollution. a considerably changed environment. of water quality and habitat conditions. litter layer–the forest floor of organisms, especially plants, is sta- tom of a waterway. herb layer–the layer of soft-stemmed ble and capable of perpetuating itself. food chain–the transfer of food energy characterized by fallen, decomposing nuisance species–see invasive species. remnant–a small, fragmented piece benthos–the bottom of a river, lake, (non-woody) plants growing close to leaves, decaying stumps, mosses dune–a sand hill or sand ridge formed from one organism to another as each the forest floor. of a previously large, intact natural sea, or ocean. community–a group of plants and ani- by the wind, usually in deserts or near consumes a lower member and in turn and lichens. O community. mals living and interacting with one lake and ocean shorelines. is preyed upon a higher member. herbaceous vegetation–non-woody organic matter–plant and animal biodiversity–the variety of organisms another in a specific region under rela- loam–a soil type, consisting revetment–a wall, often constructed living in a particular area or region. vegetation, including ferns, sedges, of a moderate amount of sand, silt, matter that is in the process of tively similar conditions. E food web–the totality of interacting emergent, submerged, and decomposing. of masonry or concrete, to protect This can include diversity within food chains within an ecological com- and clay; a soil composed of 7-27% an embankment from water erosion. species (genetic), and diversity ecology–the study of relationships floating plants. clay, 28-50% silt, and 23-52% sand. conifer–a plant that bears its seeds in between organisms and their munity. organism–a living thing; a form of life of ecosystems. cones; mostly needle-leafed or scale- rhizome–a horizontal underground environments. heterotroph–an organism requiring lowland–land that is low or level composed of parts that work together to leafed; mainly evergreen. forb–a broad-leaved flowering plant, organic compounds for its principal carry on the various processes stem, usually rooting at the nodes. biomass–the total mass of a living such as black-eyed susan and wild in comparison to adjacent terrain. material in a given environment. ecosystem–a system defined source of food. of life. connecting channel–a waterway or by the interaction of a community bergamot; a wildflower; does not riparian–of, situated, or dwelling long strait between two lakes (e.g. the include grasses, sedges, trees and M on the bank of a river or stream. biome–a large geographic area with of organisms with their physical hydrology–the study of the occurrence, P St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and environment. shrubs. circulation, distribution, and property macrophyte–a plant, especially an somewhat uniform climatic conditions; Detroit River are a connecting channel aquatic plant, large enough to be PAH–Polyaromatic hydrocarbon. riverine–of, or pertaining to, a river. a complex of communities character- of the natural waters on Earth. between Lake Huron and Lake Erie.) ecotone–the transition zone between fossils–any remains, impression, or visible to the naked eye. ized by a distinctive type of vegetation trace of a living thing from a former PCB–Polychlorinated biphenyl. river mouth–the lower end of a river or and maintained under the climatic con- two different plant communities, such hypsithermal–elevated temperature. conservation easement–legal as between a forest and a prairie. geologic age. marsh–low, wet land, often treeless stream where water is discharged into ditions of the region. agreement that restricts landowners with open water, generally character- parent material–rock or glacial a larger body of water, such as a lake. to uses that are compatible with ized by grasses, sedges, cattails, and sediment from which soils originate. conservation and environmental rushes. values.

138 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 139 heat sink, 14 Raisin River, 29, 30 Basswood, LOSSARY NDEX Highland Recreation Area, 103 Remedial Action Plan (RAP), 114 Tilia americana, 82, 84, 90, 96, 100 G I Holiday Beach Conservation Area, 53 Ridgetown, Ontario, 9 Bergamot, Monarda fistulosa, 61, 66, 67 Holiday Beach riparian zones, 38 Big bluestem, Andropogon Migration Observatory, 53 River, Belle, 29 gerardii, 56, 57, 61, 66, 78, 102 Holocene Epoch, 6 River, Black, 29 Birch, Betula spp., 104 Houghton, Dr. Douglas, 83 River, Canard, 39 Bitternut hickory, Hubbard, Bela, 32, 42, 48 River, Clinton, 29, 30, 41 Carya cordiformis, 104 –rivers, streams, –undomesticated animals living actualism, 7 riverine system stormwater or stormwater runoff– W wildlife Humbug Marsh, 51 River, Huron, 29, 39, 94 Black ash, Fraxinus nigra, 82, 86, 88, 90 ditches, and drains as well as the water that flows over the ground after in the wild. Agassiz, Louis, 7 –water that has been used hydrologic cycle, 20 River, Pine, 29, 30, 38, 123 Black cherry, adjacent buffers that border them a rainstorm; water that quickly runs off wastewater agriculture, 109 within homes, businesses, factories, or River, Sydenham, 29, 30, 38, 40 Prunus serotina, 66, 87, 100 along with the fringe of adjacent paved surfaces and into storm sewers. woodland–land having a cover of trees aquatic ecosystem, stressors, 112 outdoor activities and discharged back Ice Age, 6 River, Thames, 12, 29, 33, 40 Black chokeberry, upland areas. and shrubs (less densely than a forest.) aquatic food chain, 26 impervious surfaces, 116 –plants that grow under into the environment. Rondeau Provincial Park, 101 Aronia melanocarpa, 88 submergent Areas of Concern (AOCs), 114 industrial heritage, 110 runoff–precipitation, snow melt, water; submerged. X Rural Lambton Black-eyed susan, –the land area that drains insects, 103 or irrigation water that runs-off the watershed Belle Isle, 16 Stewardship Network, 122 Rudbeckia hirta, 60 into a single body of water such as a xeric–dry interglacial period, 7 land into surface water. Runoff can subwatershed–the drainage area Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs), 114 Black gum, Nyssa sylvatica, 84 lake, river, or stream. interlobate area, 10 Shiawasse and Huron Headwaters carry pollutants from the air and of a small creek or stream, which flows Benthic macroinvertebrates, 27, 40 Black oak, Y International Joint Resource Preservation Project, 120 land into receiving waters. into a larger river; a component of Bickford Oak Woods, 48, 92 Quercus velutina, 66, 87, 100, 102 waterway – a lake, river, or stream. Commission (IJC), 114 shrub-carr, 94, 88 larger watershed. birds, grassland, 62 Black spruce, Picea mariana, 82, 88 Z invasive forest plants, 99 Sibley Prairie, 63 S birds, forest, 95 Black walnut, Juglans nigra, 96 –the replacement of plant wetlands – an area that is inundated or zone of saturation–point at which invasive aquatic species, 31, 34, 113 soil, 14 sand–a soil type, consisting succession birds, marsh, 45 Black willow, Salix nigra, 90, 93 species in an orderly sequence of saturated by surface water or ground- groundwater totally saturates the soil. Islands, Detroit River, 19 Southeast Michigan of particles between 0.05 and 2.0 mm Blue Heron Lagoon, 123 Bloodroot, Sanguinaria development. water with a frequency and duration Water in the zone of saturation will Island Lake Recreation Area, 102 Raptor Research, 53 in diameter. bogs, 82-83 canadensis, 97, 100 sufficient to support vegetation adapt- flow into a well and is called ground isostatic rebound, 11 Springfield Township, 80, 120 ed for life under those soil conditions. water; an aquifer. Brownstown Township, 9 Blue ash, Fraxinus quadrangulata, 84 savanna–a grassland with scattered surface water–water on the surface St. Lawrence Seaway, 17 Blue-beech, Carpinus caroliniana, 90 of the earth. Swamps, marshes, fens, and bogs are Lake Erie Metropark, 53, 115 trees, either as individuals or clumps. Carolinian Life Zone, 3, 84 St. Clair National Wildlife Area, 50 Blueberry, Vaccinium spp., 66, 100 examples of wetlands. Lambton Wildlife Inc., 67 A transitional community between Canard Valley Conservation Area, 94 St. Clair River Delta, 18-19 Blue-eyed grass, swamp–a wetland dominated by trees land-use planning, 118 prairie and forest. Central Michigan University, 35 St. Johns Marsh, 51 Sisyrinchium albidium, 60 and shrubs, with standing water, Leamington, 9 Chemical Valley, 105, 110 Stevenson, Robert, 56 Blue flag iris, Iris virginica, 74 limited drainage, and often neutral Lighthouse Cove, 24 sediment–fragmented material that Clean Water Act, 114 Stonycreek Metropark, 8 Blue-green algae, Oscillatoria spp., 27 or slightly acidic soils. London, 29 originates from weathering of rocks climate, 14 submergent aquatic plants, 27-28 Blue joint grass, and is transported by, suspended Lorne C. Henderson Clinton River Trail, 58 succession, 85 Calamagrostis canadensis, 56, 66, 78 in, or deposited by water or air. T Conservation Area, 86 Clinton River Watershed Council, 127 swamp, conifer, 88 Bog rosemary, Andromeda Lotus Garden Club of Monroe, 43 temperate zone–the part of the Earth’s communities, wooded, 84 swamp, hardwood, 90 glaucophylla, 82 shoreline–the line where shore Lower Huron Metropark, 85, 94 surface lying between the Tropics and connecting channels, 16 swamp, shrub, 92 Bottlebrush grass, Hystrix patula, 96 and water meet. lumbering, 108 the Arctic, characterized by warm contaminated sediments, 114 Bottle gentian, Gentiana andrewsii, 63 Talbot Trail, 9 summers, cold winters, and moderate controlled burns, 59, 66, 122 Bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa, 66, 90 shoreline hardening–the installation springs and falls. kame, 8 tallgrass prairie, 56-61, 63-64 Cranbrook Institute of Science, 8 Bushy pondweed, Najas flexilis, 28 of artificial shoreline structures such Kensington Metropark, 96 The Nature Conservancy, 6, 63 Crosswinds Marsh, 122 Butterfly milkweed, Asclepias as concrete docks, steel breakwalls, terminus–the southernmost edge kettle, 8 till, 7 incarnata, 60 berms, and concrete revetments of a glacier. kettle and kame topography, 8 transpiration, 20 designed to prevent erosion and Darby, William, 43 Butterfly weed, Asclepias Detroit River, International tributaries, 22 protect properties from being washed –of, or pertaining to land. Macomb Buffer Initiative, 123 tuberosa, 65, 102 terrestrial Wildlife Refuge, 37 away. In the process, natural marsh, 73 University of Michigan, 35 Buttonbush, Cephalanthus Dow Prairie, 57 vegetation and habitat is eliminated. topography–the elevational pattern mayfly, 29 University of Michigan-Dearborn occidentalis, 92 dragonflies, 76-77 of the soil surface, including its relief mastodon, 13, 106 Campus Natural Area, 54 Canada tick trefoil, shrub layer–the part of a forest floor meadow, 59 Desmodium canadense, 61 and the position of natural and Eastern deciduous forest region, 3 urban sprawl, 117-120 characterized by shrub growth or manmade features. melt-water, 8 Canada wild rye, Elymus end moraine, 7 urban wildlife, 124 young trees (woody vegetation.) Michigan Department canadensis, 57 energy pyramid, 27 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 35, 67, 123 toxic–a poison or something that has of Natural Resources, 35 Cardinal flower, Lobelia cardinalis, 94 eskers, 8 U.S. Geological Service, 35 siltation–the deposit of or been poisoned. Michigan Nature Association, 81, 98 Chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, 66 evaporation, 20 accumulation of very tiny soil Michigan Natural vernal pools, 91, Choke cherry, Prunus virginiana, 100 particles (silt.) –any river or stream that tributary farmland preservation, 119 Features Inventory, 63 Common buckthorn, Rhamnus connects with a larger river or stream Walpole Island, 25, 19, 30, 50, 70-71, 106 fens, prairie, 80 migration, bird, 54 -55 cathartica, 99 silt–a soil particle between 0.05 before reaching its final outflow. Waterfowl, 46, 55 fish, at risk, 36 migration, fish, 33 Common bur reed, and 0.002 mm in diameter; a soil type. water-lain moraine, 8 fish, exotic, 34 migratory flyway, 54 -55 Sparganium eurycarpum, 73 trophic level–a group of living things Wawanosh Wetlands, 74 –dead trees that are still fish, Great Lakes, 32-33 Minden Bog, 83 Common cattail, Typha latifolia, 73 snags that share the same level in the food Wayne County Community College - standing or have partially fallen. forest, floodplain, 93 moraines, 7, 10-12 chain. Downriver Campus, 84 Common milkweed, forest, beech-maple, 96 mussels, freshwater, West Bloomfield Asclepias syriaca,61 slough–a hollow filled with mud forest, oak-hickory, 100 Unionidae, 29-31, 37 U Woods Nature Preserve, 75 Common mountain mint, and water (e.g. an inlet from a river.) fragmentation, 87 native landscaping, 121 understory–part of a forest where tall wet meadow, 78-79 Pycnanthemum virginianum, 66 fungus, 96 natural community, 3 shrubs and shade-tolerant trees grow wildflowers, woodland, 97 Common water plantain, soil–a dynamic natural body composed furbearers, marsh, 48 nearshore waters, 25 beneath the main canopy. Wildlife Habitat Council, 122 Alisma subcordatum, 73 of mineral and organic materials and fur trade, 107 living forms in which plants grow. oak barrens, 102-103 Coontail, Ceratophyllum demersum, 28 upland–land above the level where oak savanna, 56, 65-68 zooplankton, 27 Coral mushroom, Hiericium water flows or flooding occurs. glacial erratics, 7 spawn–to deposit eggs or sperm glacial grooves, 7 Ojibway Prairie Complex, 64 SPECIES INDEX ramosum, 96 directly into water, as fish do. V glacial history, 10-11 Ontario Ministry Cotton grass, Eriophorum spp., 82 glacial lakes, 9 of Natural Resources, 35, 64 Plants Cucumber tree, Magnolia –plant and animal –all the plants that grow species at risk vegetation glacial lobe, 10-11 outwash, 8 acuminata, 84 species in which populations are in a region or area. Alternate-leaved dogwood, glacial period, 6 Culver’s root, Veronicastrum declining to low levels; species that are Palmer Park, 86 Cornus alternifolia, 94 glacial sediment, 7 virginicum, 61 listed as special concern, threatened, vernal pool–ponds or small lakes physiographic regions, 12 American beech, Fagus grasses, warm-season, 57 or in danger of extinction. that occur only in springtime. periphyton, 27 grandifolia, 86, 87, 93, 96, 97, 100 Diatom, Fragillaria spp., 27 Great Lakes Coastal Complex, 64 [vernal = springtime] phytoplankton, 26, 41 American chestnut, Dogwood, Cornus spp., 66 Great Lakes coastal marsh, 43 spring ephemerals–forest wildflowers Pine River Nature Center, 94 Castanea dentata, 84 Downy arrowwood, Great Lakes System Profile, 17 that flower in the spring before nearby vertebrate–organism having Pinery Provincial Park, 67, 101 American elm, Ulmus Viburnum rafinesquianum, 100 Great Lakes trees can produce leaves and a backbone. pit-and-mound topography, 86 americana, 88, 90, 93 Dragon’s mouth, Arethusa bulbosa, 88 Water Quality Agreement, 110 block sunlight. Point Pelee National Park, 66, 101 American hazelnut, Duckweed, Lemna minor, 73 Grosse Ile Land Conservancy, 78 Pointe Mouillee State Game Area, 50 Corylus americana, 66 Dutchman’s breeches, ground moraine, 7 precipitation, 20 American lotus, Nelumbo lutea, 43 Dicentra cucullaris, 97, 100 Aromatic sumac, Rhus aromatica, 102 hardwood swamp, 90 Proud Lake Recreation Area, 82 Dwarf chinquapin,

MANDY DUNLAP MANDY Arrowhead, Sagittaria spp., 73 hawk migration, 52-53 Quercus prinoides, 102

140 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 141 Michigan lily, Lilium michiganense, 60 Slippery elm, Ulmus rubra, 82 Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, 100 Cerulean warbler, Dendronica Gadwall, Anas strepera, 46 Northern pike, Esox lucius, 27, 31, 33, 34 Spotted turtle, Clemmys NDEX Mountain mint, Small cranberry, Vaccinium Wood betony, Pedicularis cerulea, 95 Giant reed grass, Northern pintail, Anas acuta, 46 guttata, 37, 44, 78, 88 I Pycnanthemum virginianum, 60 oxycoccos, 82 canadensis, 60 Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, 34 Phragmites australis, 51 Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata, 46 Stickleback, Gasterosteus spp. 34 Small green wood-orchid, Channel darter, Percina copelandi, 36 Gizzard shad, Dorosoma Northern water snake, Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, 124 Needle grass, Stipa spartea, 102 Platanthera clavellata, 88 Yellow birch, Betula Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus cepedianum, 27, 34 Nerodia sipedon, 73 Stonefly, Plecoptera spp., 27 New Jersey tea, Ceanothus Small white lady’s-slippers, alleghaniensis, 88, 90, 96, 98 tshawytscha, 34 Grasshopper sparrow, Nuthatch, Sitta spp., 92 Sucker, Catostomus spp., 33 americanus, 66 Cyripedium candidum, 60 Yellow coneflower, Ratibida Chorus frog, Pseudacris spp., 73 Ammodramus savannarum, 102 Swamp metalmark, Northern hackberry, Celtis Smooth aster, Aster laevis, 61 pinnata, 60 Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus Gray catbird, Dumetella Osprey, Pandion haliaetus, 27, 37 Calephelis muticum, 81 Early meadow rue, Thalictrum occidentalis, 93 Sphagnum moss, Sphagnum spp., 82 Yellow fringed-orchid, kisutch, 34 carolinensis, 54 Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus, 87 dioicum, 93 Northern pin oak, Quercus Spicebush, Lindera bezoin, 88 Platanthera ciliaris, 88 Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, 34 Gray fox, Urocyon Timber wolf, Canis lupus, 4 Eastern cottonwood, Populus Painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, 27 ellipsoidalis, 102 Spotted knapweed, Yellow lady’s-slipper, Cyripedium Common goldeneye, cinereoargenteus, 37 Trout perch, Percopsis deltoides, 90, 93 Passenger pigeon, Ohio goldenrod, Solidago ohioensis, 81 Centaurea maculosa, 59, 102 calceolus, 79 Bucephala clangula, 46 Gray squirrel, Sciurus omiscomaycus, 34 Eastern hemlock, Tsuga Ectopistes migratorius, 98 Ostrich fern, Matteuccia Spring cress, Cardamine bulbosa, 94 Yellow oak, Quercus muehlenbergii, 48 Common loon, Gavia immer, 51 carolinensis, 100, 124 Tubernose goby, Proterorhinus canadensis, 96, 98 Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus, 125 struthiopteris, 94 Stiff goldenrod, Solidago rigida ssp. Yellow star-grass, Hypoxis hirsuta, 60 Common tern, Sterna hirundo, 37 Great blue heron, Ardea marmoratus, 113 Eastern prairie fringed orchid, Praying mantis, Stagmomantis Painted trillium, Trillium undulatum, 98 Glabrata, 102, 103 Common whitetail damselfly, herodius, 26, 51, 75 Tundra swan, Cygnus Platanthera lecophaea, 58 carolina, 103 Panicled aster, Aster simplex, 78 Sugar maple, Acer Animals Plathemis lydia, 76, 77 Great egret, Ardea alba, 42, 50 columbianus, 46, 47 Eastern redcedar, Juniperus Pugnose minnow, Paw-paw, Asimina triloba, 84 saccharum, 85, 87, 96, 100, 104 Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, 34 Cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus, 68, 73, Greater scaup, Aythya marila, 46 virginiana, 66 Opsopoeodus emiliae, 36, 41 Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes Peach-leaved willow, Sullivant’s milkweed, American badger, Taxidea taxus, 68 92, 124 Green darner, Anax junius, 76 Eurasian watermilfoil, Pugnose shiner, Notropis anogenus, 36 gramineus, 102 Pennsylvania sedge, Asclepias sullivantii, 60 American bittern, Botaurus Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, 27 Green-winged teal, Anas crecca, 46 Myriophyllum spicatum, 28 Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, 33 Virginia opossum, Didelphis Carex pennsylvanica, 57, 66, 100 Sundew, Drosera spp., 82, 83 lentiginosus, 78 Coyote, Canis latrans, 37, 66 Pickerelweed, Pontedaria Henslow’s sparrow, Ammodramus virginiana, 84, 124 False foxglove, Aureolaria flava, 67 Swamp cottonwood, American kestrel, Falco Raccoon, Procyon cordata, 53, 73 Duke’s skipper, Euphyes dukesi, 63, 78 henslowii, 62, 102 Virginia rail, Rallus limicola, 50 Fen star sedge, Carex sterilis, 80 Populus heterophylla, 92 sparverius, 63, 68 lotor, 27, 37, 44, 73, 92, 124 Pignut hickory, Carya Swamp milkweed, Asclepias American widgeon, Anas Hooded merganser, Flowering dogwood, Cornus florida, 84 Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis, 63, 66, 68 Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus Water snake, Nerodia spp., 27 glabra, 66, 100, 102 incarnata, 78, 79 americana, 46 Lophodytes cuculattus, 46 Flowering spurge, Euphorbia Eastern fox snake, Elaphe mykiss, 33, 34 Walleye, Stizostedion Pin oak, Quercus palustris, 66, 90 Swamp rose mallow, Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax House sparrow, corollata, 65 vulpine gloydi, 44, 64 Rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, 34 vitreum, 27, 31, 33, 34, 51 Pink lady’s slipper, Cyripedium Hibiscus moschetos, 43 virescens, 87 Passer domesticus, 68, 124 Fringed gentian, Gentiana crinita, 61, 81 Eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, 68 Red fox, Vulpes vulpes, 68, 75, 124 Wandering glider, acaule, 88 Swamp thistle, Cirsium muticum, 78 Arrow clubtail, Stylurus spiniceps, 77 Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake, Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea, 68 Red-breasted merganser, Pantala flavescens, 76 Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata, 99 Pitcher plant, Sarracenia spp., 82, 83 Swamp white oak, Quercus Sistrurus catenatus Mergus serrator, 46 White bass, Morone chrysops, 27 Ginger plant, Zingiber officinale, 93 Poison sumac, Rhus vernix, 80, 82 bicolor, 66, 82, 90 Bald eagle, Haliaeetus catenatus, 64, 78, 81, 88 Karner blue butterfly, Redhead, Aythya americana, 46, 55 White perch, Morone americana, 34 Golden Alexanders, Zizia aurea, 60 Pondweed, Potamogeton spp., 28, 73 Switch grass, Panicum virgatum, 61 leucocephalus, 24, 27, 37, 41, 51, Eastern meadowlark, Lycaeides melissa samuelis, 67, 69 Redheaded woodpecker, Melanerpes Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, Golden ragwort, Senecio aureus, 93 Poplar, Populus spp., 90 Sycamore, Platanus occidentalis, 90, 93 53, 104, 115 Sturnella magna, 62 Killdeer, Charadrius vociferous, 117 eryhthrocephalus, 98 White-tailed deer, Odocoileus Golden-seeded spike rush, Prairie cord grass, Spartina Beaver, Castor canadensis, 24, 48, 92 Eastern pondhawk, Killifish, Fundulus spp., 34 Red-shouldered hawk, virginianus, 37, 66, 73, 92, 101 Eleocharis elliptica, 80 pectinata, 61, 78 Tall sunflower, Helianthus giganteus, 61 Black bear, Ursus americanus, 4, 104 Erythemis simplicicollis, 77 King rail, Rallus elegans, 45 Buteo lineatus, 95 Wild turkey, Meleagris Grass of Parnassus, Prairie dropseed, Sporobolus Tall water parsnip, Sium suave, 73 Black bullhead, Ameiurus melas, 34 Eastern red damselfly, Redside dace, Clinostomus gallopavo, 99, 104 Parnassia glauca, 80 heterolepsis, 81 Tamarack, Larix Black capped chickadee, Lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta, 36 Amphiagrion saucium, 76 elongatus, 40, 41 Wood duck, Aix sponsa, 46, 47, 92 Grass pink, Calopogon tuberosus, 82, 88 Pumpkin ash, Fraxinus profunda, 90 laricina, 48, 80, 82, 88, 89 Poecile atricapilla, 92 Lake herring, Coregonus Eastern sand darter, Red-tailed hawk, Woodchuck, Marmota monax, 37, 124 Gray dogwood, Cornus racemosa, 80 Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, 75 Tatarian honeysuckle, Lonicera Black crappie, Pomoxis artedi, 32, 34, 36 Ammocrypta pellucida, 36 Buteo jamaicensis, 101 Purple trillium, Trillium erectum, 97 tatarica, 99 nigromaculatus, 34 Lake sturgeon, Acipenser Yellow bullhead, Ameiurus natalis, 34 Eastern screech owl, Otus asio, 99 Red-winged blackbird, Hard-stemmed bulrush, Pussy willow, Salix discolor, 80 Tickseed, Coreopsis lanceolata, 66 Black duck, Anas rubripes, 46, 55 fulvescens, 32, 33 – 35, 36, 37, 41 Yellow perch, Perca Eastern spiny softshell, Agelaius phoeniceus, 75 Scirpus acutus, 80 Touch-me-not, Impatiens capensis, 94 Black redhorse, Moxostoma Lake trout, Salvelinus flavescens, 32, 33, 34 Quaking aspen, Populus Apalone spinifera spinifera, 44 Ribbon snake, Thamnophis Hepatica, Hepatica spp., 100 Trout lily, Erythronium americanum, 97 duquesnei, 36 namaycush, 32, 34, Yellow warbler, Dendroica tremuloides, 90 Elk, Cervus elaphus, 4, 104 sauritus, 73 Highbush blueberry, Vaccinium Tuliptree, Liriodendron tulipifera, 96 Black saddlebags, Tramea lacerate, 76 Lake whitefish, Coregonus petechia, 54 Queen Anne’s lace, Daucus carota, 59 Emerald shiner, Notropis Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris, 46 corymbosum, 82, 88 Tussock sedge, Carex stricta, 78, 80 Black tern, Chlidonias niger, 45 clupeaformis, 32, 34 atherinoides, 27 River otter, Lontra canadensis, 29, 48 Hoary puccoon, Twigrush, Cladium mariscoides, Blanchard’s cricket frog, Acris Larch casebearer, Zebra mussel, Dreissena Red ash, Fraxinus Eurasian water milfoil, River redhorse, Moxostoma Lithospermum canescens, 60 crepitanis blanchardii, 81 Coleophora laricella, 89 polymorpha, 113 pennsylvanicus, 88, 96 Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus Myriophyllum spicatum, 113 carinatum, 36 Honeylocust, Gleditsia tricanthos, 93 Blanding’s turtle, Emydoidea Larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii, 89 Redbud, Cercis canadensis, 93 quinquefolia, 86 European starling, Sturnus vulgaris, 68 Rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, 34 Hop tree, Ptelea trifoliata, 84 blandingii, 78, 79, 88 Largemouth bass, Red maple, Acer rubrum, 88, 100 Eyed brown, Satyrodes eurydice, 78 Rose-breasted grosbeak, Blazing star borer moth, Papaipema v Micropterus salmoides, 33, 34 Indian grass, Sorghastrum Red oak, Quercus rubra, 85, 93, 96, 100 Walnut, Juglans spp., 104 Pheucticus ludovicianus, 54 beeriana, 61 Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis, 45, 50 nutans, 56, 61, 80, 102 Red-osier dogwood, Cornus Waterweed, Elodea canadensis, 28 Fawn darner, Boyeria vinosa, Round goby, Neogobius Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, 34 Leopard frog, Rana pipens, 72, 73 Indian plantain, Cacalia plantaginea, 80 stolonifera, 80 Water stargrass, Heterantha dubia, 28 Five-lined skink, Eumeces fasciatus, 99 melanostomus, 34, 35, 113 Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata, 124 Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis, 46 Ironweed, Vernonia fasciculata, 61, 66 Red pine, Pinus resinosa, 66 White ash, Fraxinus americana, 100 Freshwater drum, Aplodinotus Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis, 46 Redhead grass, Potamogeton White cedar, Thuja occidentalis, 82, 88 Blue pike, Stizostedion vitreum grunniens, 34 Loggerhead shrike, glaucum, 32 Jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema richardsonii, 28 White lady’s slipper orchid, Lanius ludovicianus, 62, 102 Salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., 33 Blue-winged teal, Anas discors, 46, 55 atrorubens, 97 Reed canary grass, Phalaris Cyripedium candidum, 80 Hickorynut, Obovaria olivaria, 31 Lynx, Lynx lynx, 4 Sauger, Stizostedion canadense, 32, 36 arundinacea, 78 White oak, Quercus Bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus Scarlet tanager, Joe-pye weed, Eupatorium Mudpuppy mussel, Mallard duck, Anas platyrhynchos, 46 Richardson’s sedge, Carex alba, 48, 66, 87, 93, 96, 100, 102 cyprinellus, 36 Piranga olivacea, 87, 95 maculatum, 61, 78 Simpsonaias ambigua, 31 Mayfly, Hexagenia spp., 26, 27 richardsonii, 80 White pine, Pinus strobus, 66, 82, 98 Bobcat, Lynx rufus, 4 Sea lamprey, Petromyzon Meadow vole, Kentucky blue grass, Riddell’s goldenrod, Solidago White prairie gentian, Gentiana Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 62, 102 marinus, 104, 113 Northern riffleshell, Microtus pennsylvanicus, 55 Poa pretensis, 57, 117 riddellii, 66, 81 alba, 70 Bridle shiner, Notropis bifrenatus, 36 Sedge wren, Cistothorus Epioblasma torulosa rangiana, 29, 31 Milkweed beetle, Tetraopes Kentucky coffee tree, Gymnocladus Riverbank grape, Vitis riparia, 93 White water lily, Nymphaea Broad-winged hawk, platensis, 78, 79 tetraophthalmus, 103 dioicus, 84, 93, 94 Rose pogonia, Pogonia tuberosa, 73 Buteo platypterus, 53, 55 Purple lillyput, Tozolasma lividus, 31 Semi-palmated sandpiper, Ameiurus Mink, Mustela vison, 73, 74, 75, 92 ophioglossoides, 88 Whorled pogonia, Isotria Brown bullhead, Purple wartyback, Calidris pusilla, 54 Large cranberry, Vaccinium nebulosus, 34 Mitchell’s satyr, Neonympha Rough blazing star, verticillata, 88 Cyclonaias tuberculata, 31 Sharp-shinned hawk, macrocarpa, 82 Brown-headed cowbird, mitchellii, 81, 88 Liatris aspera, 66, 102 Wicket spike rush, Eleocharis Accipiter striatus, 55, 68 Large-flowered trillium, Molothrus ater, 54 Monarch butterfly, Rue anemone, Anemonella rostella, 80 Rainbow, Villosa iris, 31 Short-billed dowitcher, Trillium grandiflorum, 97 Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum, 68 Danaus plexippus, 54, 81 thalictroides, 100 Wild celery, Vallisineria Rayed bean, Villosa fabalis, 30, 31 Limnodromus griseus, 54 Leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne Brown trout, Salmo trutta, 34 Mooneye, Hiodon tergisus, 36 americana, 28 Round hickorynut, Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus, 78 calyculata, 82 Buffalo, Bison bison, 4, 63, 66, 104 Moose, Alces alces, 4 Sand milkweed, Asclepias Wild columbine, Aquilegia Obovaria subrotunda, 31 Silver chub, Hybopsis storelana, 36 Loesel’s twayblade, Liparis loeselii, 88 Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola, 46 Mullberry wing butterfly, amplexicaulis, 102 canadensis, 97 Silver shiner, Notropis Little bluestem, Schizachyrium Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, 27 Snuffbox, Epioblasma triquetra, 30, 31 Poanes massasoit, 78 Sassafras, Sassafras Wild geranium, Geranium photogenis, 40, 41 scoparius, 61, 66, 67, 80, 102 Burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia spp., 29 Muskellunge, Esox Smallmouth bass, Micropterus albidum, 84, 98, 100 maculatum, 93, 97 Wavy-rayed lamp mussel, Mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, 97 Butler’s garter snake, masquinongy, 4, 27, 31, 33, 34 dolomieu, 4, 33, 34 Scarlet oak, Quercus coccinea, 100 Wild ginger, Asarum Lampilis fasciola, 31 Maidenhair fern, Adiantum pedatum, 94 Thamnophis butleri, 64, 92 Muskrat, Ondatra Snapping turtle, Chelydra Sedge, Carex spp., 82 canadense, 93 White catspaw, Epioblasma Marsh bellflower, Shagbark hickory, Carya ovata, 96, 102 zibethicus, 29, 37, 48, 73, 92 serpentina, 73 Canada goose, Branta oblique perobliqua, 31 Campanula aparinoides, 78 Shrubby cinquefoil, Potentilla Mute swan, Cygnus olor, 46, 47 Snow goose, Chen caerulescens, 46 Wild lupine, Lupinus canadensis, 46, 47, 123 Marsh blazing star, fruticosa, 80 Snowy owl, Nyctea scandiaca, 55 perennis, 66, 67, 102 Canvasback duck, Zebra mussel, Dreissena Northern brook lamprey, Liatris spicata, 58, 60, 61 Shumard oak, Quercus shumardii, 92 Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia, 124 Wild plum, Prunus americana, 66 Aythya valisineria, 28, 46 polymorpha, 28, 30 – 31, 35 Icthyomyzon fossor, 36 Marsh fern, Thelypteris palustris, 72 Silver maple, Acer Southern flying squirrel, Wild rice, Zizania aquatica, 43, 70 Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis, 124 Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus, 124 Marsh marigold, Caltha palustris, 90, 93 saccharinum, 88, 90, 93 Frosted elfin, Callophrys irus, 69 Glaucomys volans, 98 Winterberry, Ilex verticillata, 66, 88 Cecropia moth, Hyalophora Northern madtom, Noturus Mat muhly, Muhlenbergia Skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus Spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, 36 Wintergreen, Gaultheria cecropia, 103 stigmosus, 36 richardsonis, 80 foetidus, 82, 93 Spotted salamander, procumbens, 82 Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus, 55, 78 Ambystoma spp., 91

142 EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD: A BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR THE PHYSICALLANDSCAPE| EXPLORE OURNATURALWORLD THE BIODIVERSITYATLAS OF THELAKE HURON TOLAKE ERIE CORRIDOR 143