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TAXON:Cupaniopsis Anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. SCORE:10.0 TAXON: Cupaniopsis anacardioides SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk (A. Rich.) Radlk. Taxon: Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. Family: Sapindaceae Common Name(s): beach tamarind Synonym(s): Cupania anacardioides A. Rich. carrotwood cashew leaf cupania green-leaf-tamarind tuckeroo Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 7 Sep 2017 WRA Score: 10.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Environmental Weed, Dense Stands, Self-Compatible, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 7 Sep 2017 (Cupaniopsis anacardioides Page 1 of 19 (A. Rich.) Radlk.) TAXON: Cupaniopsis anacardioides SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk (A. Rich.) Radlk. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 y Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 n yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 7 Sep 2017 (Cupaniopsis anacardioides Page 2 of 19 (A. Rich.) Radlk.) TAXON: Cupaniopsis anacardioides SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk (A. Rich.) Radlk. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes "C. anacardioides is native to northern and eastern regions of Australia, Irian Jaya, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea (Coile, 1997). Weber (2003) states nativity as Australia, tropical Asia, Madagascar and Micronesia, though without specific locations. It has been CABI, 2017. Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford , introduced as a landscape tree into three states in the USA: UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/isc California, Florida, and Hawaii. To date, only Florida reports this plant on their list of invasive exotic species and the tree is still commonly used as a landscape plant in California. Cupaniopsis has not been widely planted in Hawaii." WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication No evidence of domestication that would reduce invasiveness 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native: Asia-Tropical USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Papuasia: Indonesia - Irian Jaya; Papua New Guinea 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australasia Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Australia: Australia - New South Wales, - Northern Territory, - [Accessed 3 Sep 2017] Queensland, - Western Australia" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 3 Sep 2017] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Creation Date: 7 Sep 2017 (Cupaniopsis anacardioides Page 3 of 19 (A. Rich.) Radlk.) TAXON: Cupaniopsis anacardioides SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk (A. Rich.) Radlk. Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes "Temperature is likely the key factor limiting the spread of Masterson, J. 2007. Cupaniopsis anacardioides Cupaniopsis anacardioides into north Florida. A temperature of -6°C (carrotwood). Smithsonian Marine Stations, Fort Pierce, has been published as a lethal lower limit for the species, although FL. www.sms.si.edu/ test specimens maintained in north Florida have survived winter temperatures as low or lower than this value (Lockhart 2006). " "The tolerance of carrotwood to a broad range of soils, soil moisture, elevations, and salt, reduces the factors that could limit its growth or Lockhart, C. S., Austin, D. F., Jones, W. E., & Downey, L. A. occurrence in different locations or habitats. The highest densities (1999). Invasion of carrotwood (Cupaniopsis occur in Sarasota County, where it was first introduced. Sarasota anacardioides) in Florida natural areas (USA). Natural County has had 1 0 to 1 5 more years of exposure than other parts of Areas Journal, 19(3), 254-262 Florida." ... "Much is still unknown about carrotwood - its germination rate, its elevation limits, its success rate in the wild, its effects and rate of impact and displacement in native habitats." Gilman, E.F. & Watson, D.G. 1993. Cupaniopsis anacardiopsis: carrotwood. ENH380. Institute of Food and "USDA hardiness zones: 10A through 11" Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. [Accessed 4 Sep 2017] Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Native: Asia-Tropical Papuasia: Indonesia - Irian Jaya; Papua New Guinea USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Australasia 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australia: Australia - New South Wales, - Northern Territory, - Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Queensland, - Western Australia [Accessed 4 Sep 2017] Naturalized: Northern America : United States" Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "In the USA, C. anacardioides was introduced in Florida, partly due to its success as a landscape tree in California. The date of introduction into California is unknown. This tree has not been reported as invasive or naturalized in California to date; however, natural regeneration is noted. C. anacardioides has had two separate introductions in Florida, USA, one in the 1950s on the east coast (St CABI, 2017. Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford , Lucie County), and one in 1968 on the gulf coast in Sarasota County. UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/isc It was widely propagated and distributed throughout the 1970s and 1980s. It began to appear as naturalized populations by the late 1980s and quickly became invasive in many habitats. As of 2001, Florida prohibits its propagation, transport or sale. Hawaii's earliest record is from a 1951 herbarium specimen, but limited horticultural use may reduce the risk of expansion on the Hawaiian islands." Creation Date: 7 Sep 2017 (Cupaniopsis anacardioides Page 4 of 19 (A. Rich.) Radlk.) TAXON: Cupaniopsis anacardioides SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk (A. Rich.) Radlk. Qsn # Question Answer Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Rarely cultivated in Hawaii Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "Abstract : Six study sites in 5 counties in Florida, USA, were sampled for the invasive, non indigenous tree carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides). C. anacardioides was found to have escaped cultivation in 14 southern and central Florida counties. Mean Lockhart, C. S., Austin, D. F., Jones, W. E., & Downey, L. A. maximum densities were 14.6 plants m-2 in mangroves, 21.5 plants (1999).
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