Ontario Lepidoptera 2013
Edited and Compiled by
Ross A. Layberry and Colin D. Jones
Toronto Entomologists’ Association Occasional Publication #44-2014
ISBN: 0-921631-43-9
Ontario Lepidoptera 2013
Edited and Compiled by Ross A. Layberry and Colin D. Jones
June 2014
Published by the Toronto Entomologists’ Association Toronto, Ontario
Production by Colin D. Jones TORONTO ENTOMOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION ONTARIO LEPIDOPTERA (TEA)
The TEA is a non-profit educational and scientific Published annually by the Toronto Entomologists’ organization formed to promote interest in insects, to Association. encourage co-operation among amateur and professional entomologists, to educate and inform non-entomologists Ontario Lepidoptera 2013 about insects, entomology and related fields, to aid in the Publication date: June 2014 preservation of insects and their habitats and to issue ISBN: 0-921631-43-9 publications in support of these objectives. Copyright © TEA for Authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The TEA is a registered charity (#1069095-21); all reproduced or used without written permission. donations are tax creditable. Information on submitting records, notes and articles to Membership Information: Ontario Lepidoptera can be obtained by contacting an editor: Annual dues: Individual-$30 Colin D. Jones Student-free (Association finances permitting – Co-editor and co-compiler of Butterflies and Skippers beyond that, a charge of $15 will apply) 536 Golf Course Rd. Family-$35 Douro-Dummer, Ontario, Canada K0L 2H0 All membership queries and payment of dues can be Home Tel: (705) 652-5004 directed to Chris Rickard, Treasurer, T.E.A., 16 Mount Work Tel: (705) 755-2166 View Court, Collingwood, Ontario, Canada L9Y 5A9. Email: [email protected]
Publications received as part of a TEA membership Ross A. Layberry include: Co-editor and co-compiler of Butterflies and Skippers • 3 issues per year of our newsjournal 6124 Carp Road Ontario Insects Kinburn, Ontario, Canada • annual Ontario Lepidoptera summary K0A 2H0 • discounts on sales of other publications including Tel: (613) 832-4467 Ontario Odonata Email: [email protected]
The TEA Board Currently Vacant Editor and compiler of Moths The TEA is run by a volunteer board. The executive officers are elected every two years. COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Executive Officers: President: Glenn Richardson Front: Canadian Tiger Swallowtail near Dinorwic, Kenora Vice-President: Alan Macnaughton (photo: Ellen Riggins) Treasurer: Chris Rickard Secretary: (vacant) Back: Various photos by various photographers (see labels on each photo). Board of Directors: Chris Darling: R.O.M. Representative Nancy van der Poorten: Past President Carolyn King: O.N. Representative Carolyn King: Publicity Co-ordinator Antonia Guidotti: Programs Co-ordinator Steve LaForest: Field Trips Co-ordinator
CONTENTS
General Introduction ...... 1
Corrections to Previous Summaries ...... 2
Acknowledgements ...... 3
List of Contributors ...... 3
Counties, Districts and Regional Municipalities of Ontario ...... 7
Rearing Mourning Cloaks in 2013 – by Ross A. Layberry ...... 9
Rearing the Pearl Crescent in 2013 – by Ross A. Layberry ...... 12
A Rapidly Developing Monarch – by Ross A. Layberry ...... 13
Table of New County Records for 2013 ………………………………………………………………....14
A Summary of Ontario Butterfly Counts in 2013 – compiled by James Kamstra ...... 15
Summary of Ontario Butterflies and Skippers in 2013 – compiled by Ross A. Layberry and Colin D. Jones ...... 21 Hesperiidae ...... 23 Papilionidae...... 36 Pieridae ...... 39 Lycaenidae ...... 46 Nymphalidae ...... 59
Table of correspondence between plant names used in this publication and VASCAN names………….79
Checklist of Ontario Butterflies and Skippers – by Colin D. Jones ...... 82 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
This issue of Ontario Lepidoptera includes notes by Ross Layberry on his rearing attempts with both Mourning Cloaks and Pearl Crescents in the Ottawa area, James Kamstra’s annual summary of Ontario’s butterfly counts, and a short third note by Ross on a very rapid Monarch rearing. As usual, the articles and notes are followed by the written summary of the 2013 Ontario butterfly records that have been submitted by our many contributors.
Data for all records of all species received for 2013 (much more data than can be included in the printed summary!) are included in a table available to TEA members as PDF files from Colin Jones (see contact information below). For any members without a computer, simply contact Colin, he will be more than happy to send you a printed copy of the tables.
The contents of this publication have been checked for errors and accuracy as much as possible. Please notify us of any corrections of errors or omissions, and these will be included in future issues of Ontario Lepidoptera and incorporated into the database.
Pages 79 to 81 below show the correspondence between the plant names used in this publication and those in VASCAN – the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. It is a comprehensive list of all vascular plants reported in Canada, Greenland (Denmark) and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France). VASCAN is widely accepted by botanists as the current authority for Canadian botanical taxonomy: http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/search
Work on the compilation and production of Ontario Lepidoptera 2014 has already begun but we will be accepting additional records, notes and photographs from the 2014 season until January 31, 2015. Please send any contributions to:
Colin Jones Ross Layberry 536 Golf Course Rd. 6124 Carp Rd Douro-Dummer, ON Kinburn, ON K0L 2H0 OR K0A 2H0 Tel: 705-652-5004 Tel: 613-832-4467 email: [email protected] email: [email protected]
Information on how to submit records can be obtained from the compilers.
1 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
CORRECTIONS TO THE 2012 SUMMARY
The following records of BAM (Blake A. Mann), from McGregor PP, Bruce should have been from McKeough CA, Lambton: pg. 38, Giant Swallowtail, May 25 pg. 57, Spring Azure, March 25 pg. 73, Common Buckeye, May 2 pg. 80, Monarch, May 2 pg. 25 – Zarucco Duskywing – the most recent record was given as 1999. This record was rescinded some years ago by the observer, Barry Harrison; it was based only on an observation, with no clear photograph. This means that there is only one record of that species in Ontario, a specimen in the Canadian National Collection, collected at Rouge River, Toronto in 1935. pg. 34 – Broad-winged Skipper – line 10, this record is not a new county record for Kawartha Lakes as this species is recorded almost every year during the Carden Butterfly Count. These records are not, however, in the Ontario Butterfly Atlas database, thus the confusion. pg. 36 – Common Roadside Skipper – the first two records were in May, not June: on May 6 at Twin Lakes, Peterborough (RJY, Bob Yukich) and on May 7 on Mountain Road, Lennox and Addington (DaE, JoH, David Edwards and John Hall). pg. 38 – Black Swallowtail – line 1, the initials JQe should be JeQ (Jenna Quinn). pg. 39 – Eastern Tiger Swallowtail – line 16, the initials RKY should have been RJY (Bob Yukich). pg. 47 – Sleepy Orange – last line, the initials NBR should have been MBR (Marianne B. Reed). pg. 51 – Juniper Hairstreak – line 3, no observers were listed for the observation on Pelee Island. They were MVB and KBu (Mike and Ken Burrell). pg. 61 – Aphrodite Fritillary – no date was given for the latest observation; it was on September 1 pg. 62 – Silver Bordered Fritillary – last two lines: on September 15 four were reported from Point Pelee. These were in fact Silver-spotted Skippers. The Silver-bordered Fritillary has never been reported from the Park. pg. 64 – Pearl Crescent – page 2: one of the observers was listed as JH. It should have been JeHa (Jeff Harrison). pg. 68 – Compton Tortoiseshell – two of the March 16 records were really just one: Bellamy Ravine is the old name for the Doris McCarthy Trail.
2 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ontario Lepidoptera would not be possible without the considerable effort of the contributors and observers (listed below) who take the time to submit their records each year. A special thank-you and welcome to our new contributors.
We would also like to thank those who submitted photographs from 2013 including: Rick Cavasin, Carolle Eady, Bea Laporte, Mike Lawrence, Ross Layberry, Colin Jones, Larry Novak, Glenn Richardson, Ellen Riggens and Bob Yukich.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND OBSERVERS Ontario Lepidoptera 2013 summarizes data and observations of butterflies and skippers for the 2013 season in the province of Ontario, Canada, received from the contributors and observers listed below:
AA Alfred Adamo Toronto BFo Brian Ford Algonquin PP AaA Aaron Allensen BH Barry Harrison Scarborough ABu Alvan Buckley Toronto BHa Breanna Hall ACo Antonio Coral BHo Brandon Holden Algonquin PP AEG Antonia Guidotti Toronto BjP Bettyjane Parker AFe Alison Feniak Bright's Grove BK Brenda Kostiuk Ottawa AiCa Aidan Carbray BKi Bill Kilburn AJH Adam J. Hall BM Bev McLauchlan Whitby AJS Al J. Sinclair Uffington BMac Ben Mac AKuj A. Kuja BoA Bonnielee Armstraon AlB Alban Beaulieu Ottawa BoKo Bob Kortright Toronto AlC Alvin Cameron North Gower BPa Brian Paige Ottawa ALe Anne Lewis McTier BrBo Bruce Bolin AM Alan Macnaughton Kitchener BrC Brian Carson AMac Alex MacDonald Ottawa BrH Bruce Harper AmR Amy Reinert Cambridge BRo Barry Robertson Kingston AnBu Andrea Burke BrP Bruce Parker Port Stanley AnCa Anne Carbray BrS Brian Stanley AnM Angela Massey Dryden BrT Bree Tucker AnTo Andalyne Tofflemire BTa Barbara Taylor Bracebridge APP Algonquin PP Naturalist Staff Algonquin PP BTe Brian Teat Waterloo ARe A. Rear BVR Brenda Van Ryswyk Hamilton ARo Anne Robertson Kingston BWy Brian Wylie Dundas AsD Ashee D. Dryden CaE Carolle Eady Eagle River ASh Arnet Sheppard Ottawa CaPa Carol Pasternak ASi Arnie Simpson CB Chris Boettger Algonquin PP AT Adam Timpf Walsingham CBe Catherine Benvenuti New Liskeard ATy Andrew Tyerman CBr Chris Bruce Ottawa AuH Audrey Heagy CCr Colleen Craig Orillia AW Alan Wormington Leamington CDJ Colin D. Jones Lakefield AWh Ann White London CEr Crystal Ernst BaC Barry Cottam Ottawa CF Chao Fang Scarborough BAM Blake A. Mann Wallaceburg Canadian Faculty for BAr Brian Armstrong CFER Ecoinformatics Research Ottawa BBr Bob Bracken Ottawa CGa Chris Gardner Ottawa BBu Brett Budach CGr Carol Gregory BDo Benoit Dorion CH Christine Hanrahan Ottawa BeCa Beth Carbray ChB Cherylee Black Ottawa BeLa Bea Laporte Burrits Rapids ChF Christian Friis BeP Betsy Potter ChMo Chantal Montpetit BER Bruce E. Ripley Kingston ChRe Christian Renault Pembroke 3 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
ChS Christy Shropshire Ridgetown GBo Gillian Boyd Ottawa ChT Chris Thompson GBr George Bryant Toronto CJo Cynthia Johnson GC Geoff Carpentier Ajax CK Carolyn King Willowdale GFe George Feniak Wyoming CL Christina Lewis Ottawa GIb Gabriella Ibarguchi ClB Claudia Burns Ottawa GlBr Glenn Brunetti CMo Charlotte Moore Waterloo GM Gillian Mastromatteo Ottawa CPR Chris P. Robinson Glenburnie GP Gavin C. Platt London CPu Chris Pudel GPi Grace Pitman CR Chris Rickard Mississauga GPo Gerry Porter Ottawa CRi Chris Risley Peterborough GR Glenn Richardson Listowel CRo Cindy Rowe GRoz Ghislaine Rozon Bourget CSAM Craig S.A. McLauchlan Whitby GRT Gary Tetzlaff Leamington CWe C.Wegenschimmel GSl Glenda Slessor Hamilton DA David Allison Ottawa GSo Graham Sorensen DaB Dave Brown Mitchell GSt Glenn Stronks Thunder Bay DaBo Dan Bone GSy Geoff Sykes Elliot Lake DaE David Edwards Bath GTr Gail Trenholme DaPr David Pryor GV Gord Vogg DAS Don A. Sutherland Peterborough HHo Hilary Howe Whitevale DBa Dennis Barry Oshawa HoH Howard Herscovitch DBe David Beadle HPi Heather Pickard Ottawa DBe David Bell IKi Isabella Kirby DBi Dave Bishop Haliburton IS Ian Shanahan Brighton DBr David Bree Carrying Place IW Ian Woodfield DD Don Davis Toronto JaBr Jan Bryans Severn Bridge DeS Debbie Stanley JaCa James Cameron Manotick DGo David Gonzales Thorold JaCh Janice Chard DHE David H. Elder Atikokan JaHoOttawa James Holdsworth Woodstock DJM David J. Milsom Peterborough JaK Jason J.D.King Tweed DKa David Kaposi JAl Ottawa Jolande Allen Sunderland DkE Derek Ellis JB Jerry Ball Peterborough DLe Diane Lepage Ottawa JBar Joe Bartok Tweed DLG David LeGros Algonquin PP JBau Joanne Baughman DMcG Diana McGrath Novar JBox John Boxall DPy Donald Pye Wardsville JBre Jean Brereton Golden Lake DSh Dawn Sherman Huntsville JBu Jim Burrell DShe Donna Sheppard JCa John Carley Toronto DTy Don Tyerman Presqu'ile PP JCi Julia Cipriani Ottawa DWa Debbie Waelz JCL J.C.Lucier Wheatley DwM Dwayne Murphy JD Joanne Dewey Picton DWu Dale Wurker JE Jim Ellis Toronto EA Ethan Anderman Killaloe JeHa Jeff Harrison Toronto EHi E. Hill JePo Jenny Power EHu Ernie Hunter Kingston JeQ Jenna Quinn ElK Elise Kerr JGP John G. Powers Cambridge EP Ed Poropat Haliburton JHa Judy Hall Ottawa EPB Erica Barkley Charleston Lake PP JHe Jim Heslop ERi Ellen Riggins Dinorwic JI Jean Iron Toronto ErS Eric Smith JiCa Jim Cameron Thunder Bay ESl Emily Slavik JiD Jim Dunn EvK Evan Kerr JiH Jim Hopkins Haliburton EwCa Ewan Carbray JJi Jennifer Jilks Rideau Ferry EWi Elaine Wiersma Thunder Bay JK James Kamstra Port Perry FGi Fraser Gibson Kitchener JKer Jeremy Kerr Ottawa FJU Fred J. Urie Windsor JL Jeff Larson Harrow FSt Fred Steinmetz JLe Jayme Lewthwaite Ottawa FWL Frank W. Lauritzen Ottawa JLH Jeremy L. Hatt
4 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
JLi Jessica Linton Waterloo LMa Len Manning JMB Jeremy M. Bensette LMcCl L. McClintock JME J.M.Eastman Verona LMN Larry M. Novak JMF Janet Fenton Charleston Lake PP LNe Larrisa Neumann JNi Jacob Nixon LoRo Louise Rowley Haliburton JoaB Joanne Brown LTe Lisa Teskey JoAW Jo-Anne Woodbridge LuS Luke Stephenson JoCh Joanna Chapman LWh Larissa Wheller JoCo Joenna Comfort Hamilton LyB Lynn Bugden Hamilton JoH John Hall Bath MaC Maureen Carrier Arnprior JoRe Joanne Redwood MBB Marianne B. Balkwill JoV Josh Vandermeulen MC Margaret Carney Oshawa JoW Joyce Winfield Deep River MCo Mark Conboy Kingston JPo John Poland Kingston MCS M. & C. Seymour Kingston JRo Janine Robinson Bright's Grove MEa Marcia Earl JS John Stiratt MeC Melissa Carson JSc Judy Scholey LaSalle MFi Mark Field JTF John T. Fowler Almonte MiC Mike Cowlard JTu Janet Tubb Toronto MiCa Mike Capello JuCr Judy Cromwell Madoc MiG Miriam Garfinkle JuKe Judy Kennedy Cameron MiL Mike Lawrence Sioux Lookout JuLi Julia Lister Leamington MiN Michael Newark JuPo Julie Power MiR Michelle Rodrick JuRe Julie Reid Cambridge MJN Michael J. Nelson JuSa Julie Savard MJR Martin & Jan Ridgway KaB Kathryn Boothby MK Michael H. King Toronto KAM Kevin A. McLaughlin Hamilton MLa Max Larrivée Montreal KAn Karen Anderson Presqu'ile PP MMo Mary Morgan Lions Head KBu Ken Burrell Heidelberg MOl Michael Olsen Ottawa KC Kevin Clute Dwight MRa Mary Rapati Port Elgin KCl Kim Clark MRW Maya Ricker-Wilson KDT Karin Davidson-Taylor MSD Michael Dawber Devlin KDu Karen Durance Sarnia MSni May Snider KeMo Ken Morrison Algonquin PP MTh Mich Thompson KFN Kingston Field Naturalists Kingston MuP Murumets Parker KGa Kirstin Gannon MVB Mike Burrell Heidelberg KH Kurt Hennige Kingston MWPR Michael Runtz Cranberry Lake KHa Kevin Hannah NBa Nancy Ballentyne KHo Kyle Holloway Algonquin PP NEn Noah Enkin KiPa Kimberly Parry NGE Nick G. Escott Thunder Bay KLa Karine Larson Harrow NGi Nancy Gibson Kitchener KLl Kathryn Lloyd Aurora NoS Nolie Schneider Ottawa KMac Kathe MacDonald NPW Nancy Patterson Wickson KMcL Kevin McLaughlin NSw Natalie Swaak KPa Katherine Parrish NWo Norbert Woerns KRY Karen R. Yukich Toronto OP Otto Peter Oshawa KS Kelly Stronks Dwight PaT Paul Tavares Dundas KSa Katsu Sakuma PBM Peter Mills Barrie KSc Kellie Scott Scarborough PCar Paul Carter Sarnia KUh Kevin Uhlig PCh Pete Chapman Hungry Hollow LAc Lori Acorn PCl Peter Clute Ajax LaHa Laura Hathaway Melbourne PDe Pat Deacon LF Lev Frid Algonquin PP PDP Paul D. Pratt Windsor LiAH Liam Armstrong Harper PeCh Peter Church Fenelon Falls LiB Liza Badham Fitzroy Harbour PH Peter Hall Ottawa LJ Linda Jeays Ottawa PMcD Patrick McDonald LKa Lynda Kamstra PPP Presqu'ile PP Staff Presqu'ile PP LlK Lloyd Karges PSa Pramath Sastry
5 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
PSB Peter S. Burke London SSE Szu Sza Elchuk Thunder Bay RaD Rachel Derbyshire Algonquin PP SSt Summer Stevenson RAL Ross A. Layberry Kinburn StD Stephen Derbyshire Ottawa RAn Robbie Anderman Killaloe STJ Shan T. Jones Lakefield RCa Rick Cavasin Ottawa StMac Stu MacKenzie RCh Ros Charest Dalkeith STP Stephen T. Pike Windsor RCL Ruth C. Layberry Kinburn SuB Susan Blayney RD Robert Difruscia Sarnia SWa Scott Watson RDo Ross Dobson Cornwall SWe Steve Wendt Ottawa RFr Roger Frost Port Hope SZi Sheila Ziman RGT Ron G. Tozer Dwight TAr Tanner Armstrong RHC Robert H. Curry Hamilton TB Tony Bigg Lakefield RHo Ray Holland Ottawa TBe Thelma Beaubien Waterloo RHu Robin Humphries TH Tom A. Hanrahan Ottawa RJP Rod and Joan Parrott Port Hope THo Thomas Hossie Kemptville RJPi Ron J. Pittaway Minden TiCa Tim Carbray RJY Robert J. Yukich Toronto TiS Tim Stewart RKi Richard Kingsley Toronto TLa Thom Lambert Haliburton RLB Robert L. Bowles Orillia TLu Tonia Luna RLe Rebecca Lewis TM Tom Mason Scarborough RMa Reuven Martin Algonquin PP ToR Tom Reddick RMac Rory MacKay Algonquin PP ToW Tom Wiedemann RMC Rob M.Craig Peterborough TPe Tyler Peers RP Rayfield Pye Oshawa TPo Tamara Poropat Haliburton RPr Rick Proctor Lindsay TRa Tony Rapati Port Elgin RSn Rick Snider Parry Sound TRS Rick Stronks Dwight RT Ralph Thorpe Ottawa TSh Tracie Shackel Waterford RWo Ross Wood VCa Victoria L. Carley Toronto SB Sue Bryan Thunder Bay VGo Verena Goldbach SBr Susan Brown VMa Victoria MacPhail SCh Sonya Charest VSt Victoria Stewart SD Simon Dodsworth Peterborough WDA Willie D'Anna SGi Scott Gibson Kitchener WF Walter Fisher Scarborough SHa Stephanie Haas WG Bill Gilmour Sandbanks PP ShaH Sharon Harrison Minden WGL Bill G. Lamond Hamilton SheH Sheryl Harding Collingwood WL William Layberry Kinburn SKW Sarah Kirkpatrick-Wahl Ottawa XaL Xavier Larrivée Montreal SLa Steve LaForest Oshawa YB Yvette Bree Carrying Place SLo Stacey Loftus YDZ Y. Dan Zabelishensky SMc Sheila McCoy Cobourg ______SMD Sidney Daniels North York CA = Conservation Area NP = National Park SMM S.M. McKay-Kuja PP = Provincial Park SoB Sonje Bols Algonquin PP SRB Sam R.Brinker Peterborough
6 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
COUNTIES, DISTRICTS AND REGIONAL MUNICIPALITIES OF ONTARIO
Counties, Districts and Regional Muncipalities of southern Ontario. The dotted line indicates the approximate southern and eastern limits of the Canadian Shield in Ontario. The 4-letter codes listed below are used in the table of all butterfly records submitted from the 2013 season.
1 ESSE Essex County 24 HAST Hastings County 2 KENT Municipality of Chatham-Kent 25 LENN Lennox and Addington County 3 ELGI Elgin County 26 FRON Frontenac County 4 NORF Norfolk County 27 LEED United Counties of Leeds and Grenville 5 HALD Haldimand County 29 STOR United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 6 NIAG Regional Municipality of Niagara 32 BRUC Bruce County 7 LAMB Lambton County 33 GREY Grey County 8 MIDD Middlesex County 34 DUFF Dufferin County 9 OXFO Oxford County 35 SIMC Simcoe County 10 BRAN Brant County 36 VICT City of Kawartha Lakes 11 HAMI Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth 37 PETE Peterborough County 13 HURO Huron County 38 MUSK District Municipality of Muskoka 14 PERT Perth County 39 HALI Haliburton County 15 WATE Regional Municipality of Waterloo 40 RENF Renfrew County 16 WELL Wellington County 41 LANA Lanark County 17 HALT Regional Municipality of Halton 42 OTTA Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton 18 PEEL Regional Municipality of Peel 43 PRES United Counties of Prescott and Russell 19 YORK Regional Municipality of York 45 MANI Manitoulin District 20 METR Metropolitan Toronto 46 PARR Parry Sound District 21 DURH Regional Municipality of Durham 47 NIPI Nipissing District 22 NORT Northumberland County 23 PRIN Prince Edward County
7
Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Map of Ontario indicating the districts of northern Ontario. The line A-B represents the approximate northern limit of the Carolinian Zone (see Soper 1954, 1962). Line C-D approximates the 40 degree F mean daily temperature for the year isotherm, and has been adopted here as the northern limit of southern Ontario. The 4-letter codes listed below are used in the table of all butterfly records submitted from the 2013 season.
48 ALGO Algoma District 52 THUN Thunder Bay District 49 SUDB Sudbury District (including City of Sudbury) 53 COCH Cochrane District 50 TIMI Timiskaming District 54 KENO Kenora District 51 RAIN Rainy River District
8 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
REARING MOURNING CLOAKS IN 2013
by Ross A. Layberry
I hoped this year to be able to rear both subspecies of Mourning Cloak, to look for and photograph differences in the early stages. For rearing chambers, I had two old chromatography tanks, 12 inches by 12 inches by 24 inches high. Plus a very large collection of one pound peanut butter jars. I made a set-up for photography, following detailed instructions from Norbert Kondla, to get reproduceable photos as near as possible to true colours. This involved a completely dark room (my garage), two 100 watt 6500K CFL bulbs in large reflector lamps, and a Digital Grey Card DGC-150 by Robin Myers, the bench and background covered in black roofing paper to minimize any other stray light. I was warned to allow the lamps to warm up for at least 15 minutes to develop their true colour temperature. I intended to photograph eggs, larvae and pupae, every day.
Lintner’s Mourning Cloak, Nymphalis antiopa lintnerii
I was delighted when the first butterfly that I saw in 2013 was a large dark Mourning Cloak, with a very fat abdomen, clearly a female lintnerii. This was on April 28, on the Mud Pond Trail off Kerwin Road, Ottawa. I caught it and started looking for twigs with at least a few leaves starting to show. But I did not find any. So I put the butterfly in the rearing chamber with naked twigs of elm and two kinds of willow, plus a twig of Pussy Willow (Salix discolor) with very large fresh male catkins on it. The butterfly fell to the bottom of the container several times. At about 4 pm I replaced it on the twig of Pussy Willow, and at 4:30 I saw that it had started to lay eggs on a thick part of the twig, in neat diagonal rows that reached around 70% of the circumference. This continued until 5:30, producing about 200 eggs in total, and the butterfly roosted on the twig, head-down, near the eggs. The next morning I trimmed the branch and put it into a smaller container.
The eggs were originally a bright yellow colour. On May 1 they changed colour to a rosy pink. On May 3 and 6 I worried about the eggs being too dry and I splashed a few drops of water into the container. On May 6 they were still the same pink colour, but at 9 am on May 7 they had all turned black.
On May 8 a few larvae emerged before 9 am, and it was obvious that the black colour of the eggs was simply due to the black larval head-capsules showing through the eggshells. By 4:30 pm they had all emerged. They were about 3.5 mm long, yellowish-grey with thin hair-like bristles, and large black heads. They ate communally, finishing up all but the base of the egg shells before starting on tiny leaves of Pussy Willow, which I used for the whole rearing. On May 12 most of them seemed to stop eating, starting to moult. They started eating again at noon on May 13, now as second instar, quite different looking: 6 mm long, black, with the first indication of the bright spots that mature larvae have. These took the form of paired yellowish areas on eleven segments, T2 and T3, the second and third thoracic segments, and A1 to A9, the first nine abdominal segments. They still had many simple hairs, but they also had paired black tubercles on segments T2, T3 and A1 to A8; these are the precursors of the complex spines that they have later.
These second instar larvae reached about 10 mm in length by May 16, when they moulted again. Third instar larvae had the paired bright spots a pale orange colour and almost fused into one spot per segment, 9 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______but usually on only eight segments. They also had three pairs of branched spines on most segments. They grew to 21 mm long by May 20, when the first ones moulted again. Fourth instar larvae showed for the first time the bright brick-red colour of the dorsal spots. They reached 37 mm in length by May 24, and moulted again. Fifth instar larvae were very similar to fourth instar, but the branched spines were larger and more complex. They reached a maximum length of about 50 mm, and the first ones hung up, preparing to pupate before 7:30 am on June 1; these pupated by 8 pm. The last larva pupated on June 11. The first adults emerged on June 16, and the last one on June 24, 47 adults in all. To summarize: the eggs were laid on April 28, they hatched on May 8, pupation was June 1 to June 10, and emergence June 16 to June 24.
Eggs: 10 days Larvae: 24 to 33 days Pupae: 15 days minimum Total, egg laying to adult emergence: 49-57 days
I killed and mounted the original female, and the first five adults to emerge. They were all large, much bigger and darker than any Northern Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa hyperborea) in my collection; the largest was 83 mm wingspan. During the rearing I had preserved in 70% alcohol examples of larvae and shed head capsules of each instar, and also pupae. I shipped these, along with the other 42 specimens, to Norbert Kondla’s group in Alberta.
Female Lintner`s Mourning Cloak with eggs on Pussy Willow on April 20, 2013 (left) and newly hatched caterpillars on May 8, 2013 (right) (photos: Ross Layberry)
Northern Mourning Cloak, Nymphalis antiopa hyperborea
I had asked around for help in finding more Mourning Cloak immatures, and on May 8 Chao Fang shipped me some eggs that he had found in Toronto. Unfortunately they took five days to arrive, on so-called Priority Post, and all were dead on arrival.
On June 9 I found a group of about 30 third instar larvae on Slender Willow (Salix petiolaris) near Stanleyville in Lanark County. I installed them on two long branches of Meadow Willow, in a narrow-neck vase in the chamber. At first they did not eat at all, and by June 11 most had changed to fourth instar. I reared them completely on Slender Willow. The first three pupated on June 25, and the last ones on June 30, 20 pupae in all. Adults emerged between July 7 and July 10, but only thirteen; the others never did 10 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______emerge. Minimum time as pupae: 12 days.
On June 12 I heard from Steve Wendt; he had found a large number of larvae on Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) at his home near North Gower, Ottawa, and had transferred them to Elm. I visited him and he gave me 20 early fifth instar larvae, which I reared on elm, in the second rearing chamber. Several larvae died, and several more had trouble in pupation: they lost their grip and fell before the pupal skin had hardened. I photographed one throughout its pupation, and could see that it was unable to move the larval skin out of the way for the pupal cremaster. It fell, but I had had time to prepare it a soft landing on a crunched-up ball of Kleenex; it survived just fine. All pupated between June 21 and June 24, and emerged July 4 to July 7. Minimum time as pupae: 12 days.
Finally, on June 14, Christine Hanrahan reported larvae on the K & P Trail, near Lavant Station, Lanark County. On June 21 I went down and found them, a very large batch which had almost defoliated a tall slim Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera) and I brought home about half of them. I had no access to any convenient Balsam Poplar so I planned to rear them on elm, and I put half of the larvae on a small elm beside my driveway. The others I put in the chamber on Elm. And they did not like the change of food, at all. On June 22 none of them were eating. At 9 am on June 23 the ones inside were eating normally. But outside, a few were still exactly where I had put them, and the others had climbed to the highest branches, but were still not eating. At least 30 had crossed via a long branch into a Sugar Maple and were laying in groups along very thin branches. At 1:30 pm only seven were still visible in the maple, so I rescued them and took them inside. I searched intensively for the others, but without success; they must have walked quite a long way. The first nine larvae pupated on June 30 and the last ones on July 4, 38 in all. Emergence began on July 12 and the last one of 28 emerged on July 17, again with a minimum time as a pupa of 12 days.
I had preserved samples of each instar of each group, plus pupae and moulted head capsules, and I sent them all to Norbert Kondla, along with the reared specimens plus photos; I took something over 3,000 close-up photos of the rearings, and sent the best 1,400 of them as well.
By examining photos in the literature and on the web, it appeared that there was considerable variation in the number of red spots on the larvae, and in their colour; this seemed to vary from brick-red to an almost perfect ruby-red. But these photos came from all over the world, from the southern US, from Europe and even from Japan, and although it was tempting, there was never enough information to assign this variation to locations, and/or subspecies. Which was just as well: each of my four groups showed as much variation as we found in the photos from all over the northern hemisphere; seven or eight spots, occasionally six, but it was never easy to count because there would often be a very small red patch: should I count it or not? And the colour seemed to change; larvae segregated by colour, orange or ruby-red, would appear the next day to be all the same. Perhaps Norbert and his group can find in the photos some larval differences that escaped me. The only real difference that I saw was the length of pupal life: 15 days for the lintnerii and 12 days for each of the three batches of hyperborea. This might have been expected, given the difference in size between the adults of the two subspecies. As these were all indoors in the same room, overlapping in time, there were certainly no environmental differences to account for it.
11 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
REARING THE PEARL CRESCENT IN 2013
by Ross A. Layberry
I wanted to confirm my belief that Pearl Crescents (Phyciodes tharos) of both sexes, had the tips of the antenna completely black. So on September 17 I went to the Burnt Lands off March Road, and caught four female Pearl Crescents. I confined them singly in peanut butter jars with small cut stems of Ciliolate Aster (Aster ciliolatus), one of just two aster species at that location, the other one being New England Aster. I checked them each day and on September 20 I found a patch of 83 eggs on the upperside of a leaf. I killed and mounted the female and released the other three. After two days the leaf started to dry and curl, so I cut out just the small section containing the eggs, and moved it to a small vial. I added a fresh green leaf each day to slow the drying of the original leaf. I photographed the eggs each day and on September 28 I noticed that the eggs were very much darker, the larval heads visible inside the eggs. By 5:50 pm 17 larvae had hatched, and by 9 pm all were out and eating the eggshells; almost finishing that job by 10 pm. The larvae were approximately 1.2 mm long, a very pale greenish-yellow colour with black or very dark brown heads, and many unbranched transparent bristles.
Pearl Crescent eggs just before hatching on Septermber 28, 2013 (left) and during hatching later the same day (right) (photos: Ross Layberry)
The next morning, September 29, they were feeding on the original hard, dry leaf, and by 10:15 am almost all had crawled to the underside of that leaf, ignoring the fresh leaf that was touching the first one. But by 9 pm they had all moved to the new leaf, half on the upperside and half underneath. On September 30 at 8:50 am all were beneath the new leaf and had eaten many small holes in it. I added another leaf and at 4:25 pm all were sandwiched in between the two leaves. This behaviour continued throughout the rearing: the larvae were always reluctant to leave an old leaf, and always wanted to remain out of sight beneath the leaves. On October 2 they measured 2.7 mm, and on the 3rd I noticed that they had not moved since the previous evening; by 7:30 they had moulted and were feeding again. They were now much darker, and their spines were branched.
On October 6 they measured about 4.6 mm. On the 7th I noticed that they had developed a round swelling around the bases of the dorsal and upper lateral rows of spines, pale grey in colour; the swellings looked like rows of silvery shields. By evening many had climbed the walls of the container, and were not feeding.
12 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
By the next morning they had all moulted, now in the third instar, very black in colour, 6.5 mm in length. On October 12 they again developed the “silvery shields”. This must be a precursor to moulting, because they moulted overnight, becoming fourth instar; on the 13th they varied between 8 and 9 mm in length. On the 15th they measured 12 mm, and on the 17th most were 15 mm long; some moved onto brown and yellowish leaves, and began to form the “silvery shields” again. There was now some variation in the size and development, but by October 20 most had moulted once more, and the biggest ones were 19 mm long. On the 24th they were 22 to 23 mm long.
On the morning of the 26th, twelve were hanging up to pupate, and one had already pupated, five on stems or leaves, the other eight on the underside of the lids. Most of them pupated beneath the lids, the last one on November 3. Emergence started on November 8, eight in the morning and two more by 5 pm, six males and four females, and another 19 the next day. Most had emerged by November 11, with just one very late one on November 16. There were 43 adults, 22 males and 21 females.
Eggs: 8 days Larvae: 28 days Pupae: 11 days minimum Total, egg laying to emergence: 47-55 days.
When I took the mother from the mounting board I was very surprised to see a very small patch of orange on the tips of the antennae. I had caught her, and the other three females, specifically because I could not see any orange; it was almost invisible from above. I separated the reared specimens by sex, using the underside pattern differences, and photographed 13 of the females, dorsally, ventrally and with an extreme close-up of the antennae. Every one had at least a small amount of colour on the tip, usually orange but sometimes a paler colour. This was sometimes visible from above, but often not. I also checked the males, and found three of them with very small amounts of grey colour on the tips; the other 19 had completely black antennae. The amount of orange on the female antennae was nothing like as much as you see on the antennae of the Northern Crescent (Phyciodes cocyta) so this is still a valid feature to use in distinguishing the species. You just have to be a lot more careful with females.
A RAPIDLY DEVELOPING MONARCH
by Ross A. Layberry
2013 was a very poor year for Monarchs, and I did not see my first one until July 12, on Gunn’s Road near where it crosses the Pine River, in Renfrew County. This is northwest of Bonnechere Provincial Park and just a little way south of the Algonquin Park boundary, a very dry sandy area of Jackpine and Sweetfern. The large Milkweed patch beside the river is probably the only one for many miles, so I was pleasantly surprised to see a perfectly fresh Monarch there. It was laying eggs on the Milkweed, and I watched closely as it laid one. I immediately picked the leaf with the egg; I was determined to rear it so that this Monarch would be guaranteed to have at least one offspring. The rearing was all done indoors in a north-facing room, in air-conditioning; the temperature probably did not exceed 23 degrees. The egg hatched on July 16 after only four days and the larva grew very quickly. It pupated before 8 am on July 31 and a female emerged early on August 13, and was released.
Total time, egg-laying to emergence, 32 days!
13 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
NEW COUNTY RECORDS FOR 2013
Wild Indigo Duskywing Haldimand, Northumberland, Bruce Indian Skipper York Little Glassywing Niagara, Kawartha Lakes, Bruce Delaware Skipper Grey Dion Skipper Nipissing, Rainy River Two-spotted Skipper Prescott-Russell Pepper and Salt Skipper Hastings Giant Swallowtail Prescott-Russell Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Oxford Spicebush Swallowtail Bruce Cloudless Sulphur Norfolk Orange-barred Sulphur Wellington Dainty Sulphur Hastings Harvester Bruce Bog Copper Lennox and Addington Hoary Elfin Kenora Eastern Pine Elfin Prince Edward Eastern Tailed Blue Oxford, Muskoka Cherry Gall Azure Wellington American Snout Frontenac, Lanark Aphrodite Fritillary Oxford Bog Fritillary Renfrew Eastern Comma Grey Lintner’s Mourning Cloak Niagara, Middlesex, Waterloo, Kawartha Lakes, Northumberland, Leeds, Bruce Common Buckeye York Red-spotted Purple Oxford Appalachian Brown Hastings, Grey
14 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
A SUMMARY OF ONTARIO BUTTERFLY COUNTS IN 2013
Compiled by James Kamstra
In 2013, 28 butterfly counts were conducted in Ontario, four more than the previous year, and one new one (Georgian Bay). Most of the counts follow the protocols of the North American Butterfly Association (NABA) where a one day count is conducted in a 15 mile (24 km) diameter circle. Twenty-two of the counts were submitted to the NABA for inclusion in the North American butterfly counts report for the 2013 summary (Wander 2014). The counts stretched from Pelee Island north to Killarney, and east to Manion Corners near Ottawa.
Table 1 – Ontario Butterfly Counts Conducted in 2013
Count Name Code Region / County Date Compiler Algonquin Park (Hwy 60) Algon Nippissing 2 July Colin Jones Algonquin East Algo E Nippissing 1 June Colin Jones Bala Bala Muskoka 29 June Allan Sinclair Cambridge (rare Reserve) Camb Waterloo 20 July Jessica Linton Carden Plain Card Kawartha Lakes 20 July Kristyn Ferguson Clear Creek Clear Chatham-Kent 20 July Heather Prangley Haliburton Highlands Halib Haliburton 13 July Ed Poropat Hamilton- Hamilton Hamil 7 July Bill Lamond Wentworth Hog Island Hog Is Renfrew 13 July Jean Brereton Killarney Prov. Park Killar Manitoulin 7 July Amy Adair Lake Dore Lk Dor Renfrew 30 June Jean Brereton Long Point Long P Norfolk 6 July Adam Timpf MacGregor Point Prov. Park MacP Bruce 16 July Kailyn Nutt Manion Corners ManC Ottawa-Carleton 13 July Jeff Skevington Oshawa Osh Durham 23 June James Kamstra Otter Valley Ott Val Elgin 22 June Joe Stephenson Pelee Island Pel Is Essex 3 August Bob Bowles Petroglyphs Petro Peterborough 20 July Jerry Ball Pinery Prov. Park Pinery Lambton 22 June Brenda Kulon Presquile Prov. Park Presq Northumberland 10 July David Bree Rondeau Prov. Park Rond Chatham-Kent 16 July Emily Slavik Hamilton- David Royal Botanical Gardens RBG 22 June Wentworth D'entremont Skunks Misery Skunk Middlesex 7 July Ann White Southern Georgian Bay S Geo Simcoe 6 June Carly Robillard (Awenda) Sunderland Sund Durham/York 11 July James Kamstra Toronto Center TorC Toronto 13 July John Carley Toronto East TorE Toronto/York 1 July Tom Mason Windsor Wind Essex 6 July Paul Pratt
15 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
A total of 94 species and one additional form were recorded among all Ontario counts, compared to 91 in 2012, and 100 in 2009. Ten of these species were only observed on one count. The most species were recorded by Haliburton Highlands with 56, followed by Petroglyphs with 54 and Sunderland with 53. Two other counts tallied more than 50 species. The counts with the most individuals were in the same order: Haliburton Highlands with 5530, Petroglyphs with 5038 and Sunderland with 4178. The most participants partook at Toronto Centre and Manion Corners (both with 29).
After the exceptionally warm early spring of 2012, this year was more typical and as a result butterfly emergence dates were about average. All of the migrant species were in low numbers, which is in stark contrast to the previous year. Although most counts reported them, Monarchs were particularly scarce, several counts reported the lowest ever number of Monarchs this year. Only 273 Monarchs were tallied on all counts compared to 4145 on all counts in 2012. Similarly a total of only 4 Painted Ladies in 2013 compared to 1009 in 2012!
No species were recorded on all counts but four were found on 25 or more (Cabbage White, Northern Crescent, Mourning Cloak and Little Wood Satyr). Some very high species counts included: 113 Dion Skippers and 2760 Dun Skippers at Petroglyphs; 1020 Orange Sulphurs and 1410 Summer Azures at Pelee Island; 395 Eastern Tailed Blues and 457 Great Spangled Fritillaries at Sunderland; and 287 Peck’s Skippers and 192 Delaware Skippers at Haliburton Highlands. Most impressive, 1004 Edward’s Hairstreaks were tallied at Long Point which is the new North American all time high for this species, nearly double the previous high.
The count locations, codes, municipalities and compilers appear in Table 1. Table 2 lists all of the species and numbers recorded on the various counts.
References Cited:
Wander, S. (ed.). 2014. 2013 Report NABA Butterfly Counts. North American Butterfly Association. Morristown, NJ.
Dusted Skipper during the Pinery PP count on June 22, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin)
16 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Table 2. Butterfly and Skipper totals for each count conducted in Ontario in 2013.
SPECIES Algon Algo E Bala Camb Card Clear Halib Hamil Hog Is Killar Lk Dor Long P MacP ManC Osh Silver-spotted Skipper 3 1 81 1 1 78 4 1 49 Southern Cloudywing Northern Cloudywing 2 1 12 Dreamy Duskywing 12 7 Juvenal's Duskywing 9 1 1 16 Columbine Duskywing 2 12 5 Horace's Duskywing Wild Indigo Duskywing 9 1 Arctic Skipper 7 1 6 Common Sootywing 20 Least Skipper 4 2 4 2 163 1 2 5 3 2 9 40 European Skipper 89 13 2 5 56 869 163 91 724 155 18 1515 130 1238 Fiery Skipper 3 Common Branded Skipper 1 Indian Skipper 1 10 Peck's Skipper 12 6 1 8 287 17 17 39 2 1 52 3 Tawny-edged Skipper 5 4 2 2 60 2 1 1 7 16 28 Crossline Skipper 2 55 17 4 2 12 2 35 Long Dash 53 25 1 10 202 3 2 14 6 3 17 7 75 Northern Broken-dash 2 8 37 71 13 2 1 11 1 17 2 Little Glassywing 1 2 9 Delaware Skipper 16 2 3 192 8 1 42 Mulberry Wing 3 131 4 11 Hobomok Skipper 26 4 10 1 1 26 4 8 11 2 8 6 64 Broad-winged Skipper 5 1 6 30 2 1 1 6 Dion Skipper 2 4 36 2 20 Black Dash 8 3 Two-spotted Skipper 2 9 Dun Skipper 5 1 14 31 25 653 14 5 12 15 1 60 Dusted Skipper Pepper and Salt Skipper 1 Common Roadside-skipper 20 Black Swallowtail 7 11 3 1 1 2 2 2 Giant Swallowtail 2 Eastern Tiger Swallowtail 3 32 2 7 44 1 6 4 Canadian Tiger Swallowtail 6 82 2 5 4 6 60 22 Spicebush Swallowtail 8 13 Mustard White 62 1 43 2 5 6 32 10 3 Cabbage White 7 2 104 51 201 64 103 6 2 261 769 566 62 Clouded Sulphur 1 3 39 170 60 58 26 13 1 1 35 20 295 3 Orange Sulphur 5 4 69 2 4 1 8 3 Pink-edged Sulphur 15 32 Harvester 1 1 1 1 American Copper 11 4 Bronze Copper 3 3 Bog Copper 43 81 Brown Elfin 2 Henry's Elfin 1 Eastern Pine Elfin 55 1 Coral Hairstreak 2 1 57 4 11 1 Acadian Hairstreak 1 1 55 8 4 32 Edwards' Hairstreak 1004 Banded Hairstreak 1 4 1 10 2 9 1 2 2 9 Hickory Hairstreak 2 1 Striped Hairstreak 5 33 2 2 6
17 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
SPECIES Ott Val Pel Is Petro Pinery Presq Rond RBG Skunk S Geo Sund Tor C Tor E Wind TOTAL Max # Cts Silver-spotted Skipper 13 4 1 16 9 29 3 30 2 19 57 45 44 491 81 22 Southern Cloudywing 5 5 5 1 Northern Cloudywing 2 12 26 13 21 89 26 8 Dreamy Duskywing 1 1 21 12 4 Juvenal's Duskywing 4 13 2 1 47 16 8 Columbine Duskywing 9 2 30 12 5 Horace's Duskywing 1 1 1 1 Wild Indigo Duskywing 2 20 11 43 20 5 Arctic Skipper 1 15 7 4 Common Sootywing 5 1 3 5 4 38 20 6 Least Skipper 16 96 28 3 4 9 1 7 63 8 5 12 489 163 24 European Skipper 149 33 200 243 20 2190 228 1 126 94 761 33 9146 2190 26 Fiery Skipper 3 3 1 Common Branded Skipper 1 1 1 Indian Skipper 11 10 2 Peck's Skipper 2 73 2 1 1 14 212 2 3 4 759 287 22 Tawny-edged Skipper 11 2 16 60 7 16 240 60 17 Crossline Skipper 12 4 5 9 13 15 1 22 210 55 16 Long Dash 13 1 11 1 42 42 1 529 202 20 Northern Broken-dash 37 19 32 56 23 18 17 62 429 71 19 Little Glassywing 15 6 10 2 5 71 121 71 9 Delaware Skipper 163 5 1 40 50 24 7 37 591 192 15 Mulberry Wing 131 14 6 2 302 131 8 Hobomok Skipper 18 11 11 17 1 7 1 57 3 297 64 22 Broad-winged Skipper 482 7 52 1 594 482 12 Dion Skipper 113 3 15 2 197 113 9 Black Dash 1 1 1 16 30 16 6 Two-spotted Skipper 19 1 31 19 4 Dun Skipper 40 2760 9 4 33 1 102 79 26 7 3897 2760 22 Dusted Skipper 9 9 9 1 Pepper and Salt Skipper 1 1 1 Common Roadside-skipper 4 24 20 2 Black Swallowtail 10 44 9 5 1 3 23 1 4 129 44 17 Giant Swallowtail 2 109 2 3 118 109 5 Eastern Tiger Swallowtail 24 34 2 87 22 5 20 34 11 4 9 351 87 19 Canadian Tiger Swallowtail 11 198 82 9 Spicebush Swallowtail 13 2 8 2 3 49 13 7 Mustard White 3 39 206 62 11 Cabbage White 86 1304 3 22 41 296 95 152 16 310 644 147 214 5528 1304 26 Clouded Sulphur 22 122 55 2 14 37 19 100 75 6 1177 295 24 Orange Sulphur 1020 1 2 17 61 15 10 30 1 7 1260 1020 18 Pink-edged Sulphur 8 55 32 3 Harvester 3 7 3 5 American Copper 5 20 11 3 Bronze Copper 2 8 3 3 Bog Copper 1 125 81 3 Brown Elfin 2 2 1 Henry's Elfin 1 1 1 Eastern Pine Elfin 56 55 2 Coral Hairstreak 43 22 2 1 1 16 161 57 12 Acadian Hairstreak 18 1 3 23 12 19 10 187 55 13 Edwards' Hairstreak 1 25 1030 1004 3 Banded Hairstreak 48 2 10 1 8 110 48 15 Hickory Hairstreak 4 7 4 3 Striped Hairstreak 27 8 4 87 33 8
18 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
SPECIES Algon Algo E Bala Camb Card Clear Halib Hamil Hog Is Killar Lk Dor Long P MacP ManC Osh Gray Hairstreak 3 1 Eastern Tailed Blue 1 3 31 11 74 59 8 3 7 3 104 3 Spring Azure 4 57 1 3 Summer Azure 2 24 941 276 2 22 1 37 17 78 10 Silvery Blue 1 6 3 39 American Snout 3 Great Sprangled Fritillary 1 3 6 40 14 292 13 7 18 21 127 7 Aphrodite Fritillary 11 140 18 103 Atlantis Fritillary 2 27 13 Silver-bordered Fritillary 1 1 10 2 2 44 Meadow Fritillary 3 46 2 160 1 Harris' Checkerspot 1 3 4 Silvery Checkerspot 1 3 3 7 19 1 Pearl Crescent 29 12 3 14 9 12 8 10 116 13 Northern Crescent 1 2 11 4 22 47 538 30 10 7 31 333 265 48 937 Tawny Crescent 1 3 Baltimore Checkerspot 2 93 15 1 40 20 20 Question Mark 1 8 5 1 1 3 2 3 Eastern Comma 1 1 3 2 4 1 6 2 3 Green Comma 2 Gray Comma 3 9 2 2 5 Compton Tortoiseshell 2 Mourning Cloak 9 8 1 2 11 6 13 3 5 7 2 14 5 18 10 Milbert's Tortoiseshell 1 American Lady 17 3 7 3 3 2 4 Painted Lady 1 1 Red Admiral 1 2 18 1 3 8 3 Common Buckeye 1 Red-spotted Purple 3 23 3 16 1 8 White Admiral 83 2 4 59 7 5 5 14 9 65 Viceroy 5 11 12 7 6 1 6 5 14 20 Hackberry Emperor Tawny Emperor 4 17 Northern Pearly-eye 11 2 2 43 12 17 6 6 4 19 10 Eyed Brown 5 1 3 18 2 374 83 8 10 24 61 105 111 Appalachian Brown 8 13 1 5 14 Little Wood-satyr 32 17 15 54 8 90 7 8 51 30 56 21 412 Common Ringlet 7 1 7 2 8 9 6 7 664 Common Wood-nymph 111 113 40 102 233 9 40 16 89 Monarch 2 5 28 30 31 3 5 4 9 5 UNIDENTIFIED Papilio species 1 Pieris species 6 3 3 Colias species 1 3 Lycaena species 2 Satyrium species 2 3 Blue species 1 1 1 Speyeria species 1 52 2 254 Boloria species 1 1 Phyciodes species 10 166 Polygonia species 2 1 5 1 Emperor species Satyrid species Vanessa species Erynnis species 1 Skipper species 9 1 46 2 17 Total Species 27 23 18 37 43 42 56 42 25 29 21 49 43 51 41 Total Invididuals 438 297 106 429 735 1855 5530 993 260 921 303 2186 3009 2876 4018 Ontario High Counts 1 8 0 0 2 6 17 0 0 3 0 6 2 3 6 NABA Count Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Observers 16 10 9 13 21 16 18 8 5 25 5 19 19 29 22 Parties 5 4 1 4 4 7 11 4 1 3 1 9 7 6 6 Hours 37.5 27.5 6 39.5 17 45 82.5 17.5 7.5 21 7.5 44.5 42 45.5 51 Km on foot 47.5 20 2 15 14 53 74 8 44 10 30.5 73.5 45 49
19 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
SPECIES Ott Val Pel Is Petro Pinery Presq Rond RBG Skunk S Geo Sund Tor C Tor E Wind TOTAL Max # Cts Gray Hairstreak 1 1 6 3 4 Eastern Tailed Blue 108 14 7 10 34 35 395 124 4 81 1119 395 22 Spring Azure 1 1 1 68 57 7 Summer Azure 120 1410 9 52 26 463 1 13 7 115 482 41 6 4155 1410 24 Silvery Blue 1 1 1 52 39 7 American Snout 17 1 21 17 3 Great Sprangled Fritillary 136 5 32 2 130 1 457 5 86 1403 457 21 Aphrodite Fritillary 52 1 325 140 6 Atlantis Fritillary 13 55 27 4 Silver-bordered Fritillary 1 4 65 44 8 Meadow Fritillary 1 146 359 160 7 Harris' Checkerspot 8 4 3 Silvery Checkerspot 8 1 22 4 69 22 10 Pearl Crescent 16 50 12 9 5 24 56 4 32 434 116 19 Northern Crescent 13 2 411 72 19 35 44 225 5 93 20 3225 937 26 Tawny Crescent 4 8 4 3 Baltimore Checkerspot 2 203 28 119 3 546 203 12 Question Mark 8 1 2 5 2 2 6 2 52 8 16 Eastern Comma 2 7 1 3 3 14 7 2 1 63 14 18 Green Comma 2 2 1 Gray Comma 1 10 32 10 7 Compton Tortoiseshell 2 2 1 Mourning Cloak 8 5 14 1 3 1 2 2 28 23 5 11 217 28 27 Milbert's Tortoiseshell 1 1 3 1 3 American Lady 1 2 6 1 2 1 1 53 17 14 Painted Lady 1 1 4 1 4 Red Admiral 14 1 3 21 6 1 14 10 106 21 15 Common Buckeye 4 1 1 1 8 4 5 Red-spotted Purple 8 104 53 2 1 1 4 3 230 104 14 White Admiral 11 3 9 12 13 301 83 15 Viceroy 4 32 4 6 1 1 8 6 1 8 4 162 32 21 Hackberry Emperor 23 7 30 23 2 Tawny Emperor 22 43 22 3 Northern Pearly-eye 12 1 7 19 8 3 55 22 9 268 55 20 Eyed Brown 78 20 54 2 197 23 1179 374 19 Appalachian Brown 2 1 42 16 7 45 154 45 11 Little Wood-satyr 169 2 914 15 88 92 483 12 9 9 121 281 2996 914 25 Common Ringlet 10 1 107 1 55 1 6 27 919 664 17 Common Wood-nymph 2 70 2 31 60 209 5 882 59 41 161 2275 882 20 Monarch 1 76 7 8 3 24 1 6 5 15 2 3 273 76 22 UNIDENTIFIED Papilio species 5 1 13 20 Pieris species 12 Colias species 4 Lycaena species 2 Satyrium species 13 18 Blue species 5 1 9 Speyeria species 9 40 5 363 Boloria species 2 Phyciodes species 230 14 4 424 Polygonia species 2 9 2 22 Emperor species 8 Satyrid species 3 3 Vanessa species 0 Erynnis species 1 Skipper species 3 1 1 4 12 96 Total Species 26 27 54 38 28 36 19 45 15 54 37 40 52 1018 56 Total Invididuals 704 4641 5038 1667 813 1404 2482 1670 135 4178 1992 1688 1471 51839 5530 Ontario High Counts 0 13 7 4 0 1 0 0 1 10 2 2 6 17 NABA Count No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 22 28 Observers 15 13 15 14 16 15 19 28 9 20 29 13 25 29 Parties 5 4 6 4 3 8 2 5 3 8 9 3 10 11 Hours 39.5 50 22 12 28.5 10 28 10 66 56.5 25.5 24 82.5 Km on foot 48 60 34 6 41 8 32 12 60.5 78 22 30.4 78
20 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
SUMMARY OF ONTARIO BUTTERFLIES AND SKIPPERS IN 2013
Compiled by Ross A. Layberry and Colin D. Jones
Introduction
The following is a summary of the butterflies and skippers reported in Ontario in 2013. For each species, the total number of records submitted is indicated, followed by at least the earliest and latest records (that were submitted), as well as other noteworthy records to include: a) new information on range and new occurrence localities; b) data, when submitted, on flight periods, broods and population monitoring; c) life history data that is not well known or seldom reported including foodplants, nectar sources, larval description and habits, ovipositing data and behaviour, pupal description and siting, adult habits, predation, etc.; and d) records of rare or seldom reported species.
Counties, Districts and Regional Municipalities (as listed on pages 7 and 8) in the text are truncated and printed in italics (e.g. Regional Municipality of Waterloo appears as Waterloo).
The full sets of OVER 20,000 records (comprising 134 species) submitted from 2013 are available to TEA members as a PDF file – contact Colin Jones at [email protected] to receive a copy. Records within these tables are sorted taxonomically by species, then by county (alphabetically), and then by date. The PDF file (Portable Document Format) can be opened using Adobe Acrobat Reader, which comes pre- installed on most computers, and is also available as a free download at www.adobe.com/support/downloads/. The table can be searched in a limited way using the Find function in Acrobat Reader. An additional PDF file including the key to observer’s initials will also be included. For TEA members without access to a computer or printer, a print-out of the butterfly and skipper tables can be requested from Colin Jones (Editor, Ontario Lepidoptera), see contact information on the inside front cover.
Each record within the tables includes county, locality, date, observers, numbers seen, and any special notes. Other valuable data that could not be included in the tables due to space limitations, such as georeferencing (UTM and Lat/Long), is retained in the TEA’s Ontario Butterfly Atlas Database, which is housed at and maintained by the Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough. Further inquiries or requests for information can be directed to the compiler.
Both the species accounts and the butterfly checklist are organized in accordance with Pelham (2008). The English common names largely follow Layberry et al. (1998).
Data has been carefully checked by the compilers and every effort has been made to verify records for provincially rare and unusual species, as well as species in some particularly difficult groups. However, the majority of records are unverified reports and occasional identification errors may remain. Any corrections brought to the compiler’s attention will be published in future issues of Ontario Lepidoptera.
21 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
The 2013 Season
Ontario experienced a fairly average year in 2013 with respect to overall temperatures. In the north, things were also fairly average regarding precipitation. In southern Ontario, however, overall precipitation was quite high (12% above average resulting in the 8th wettest year on record).
Although overall, temperatures in 2013 were about average, southern Ontario’s winter was 2.5ºC warmer than average (8th warmest year on record). Despite these warmer temperatures, however, the first records of overwintering species was rather late with the first Mourning Cloaks not being reported until March 26, followed by the first Milbert’s Tortoiseshell on March 30 and the first Eastern Comma on March 31. It was a very poor year for Compton Tortoiseshells as none were seen until April 15 and there were only 11 reports in total for the entire season.
The spring was warmer than average across Ontario but it was also wetter than average, especially in northern Ontario which experienced its 12th wettest spring on record.
Summer was about average as far as temperatures were concerned but, like the spring, it was quite wet: the south experienced its 11th wettest summer and, in the north, it was slightly wetter than average.
Autumn was slightly warmer than average, but wetter than average, especially in the north (10th wettest fall on record). The warm autumn resulted in only a couple of record-late dates as follows: Atlantis Fritillary on Sept 27th at Moosonee, Cochrane—7 days later than the previous late record; and a fresh second-brood Eyed Brown on October 3, at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland—the latest date in Ontario by more than six weeks! The season ended with the latest record of an Orange Sulphur on Nov 17th at Point Pelee NP, Essex. Some of the highlights of the season included the northernmost records of Dreamy Duskywing (Peawanuk, Kenora), Least Skipper and Aphrodite Fritillary (both recorded at Hannah Bay, southern James Bay, Cochrane).
There were also 41 new County records, including some surprising northward range extensions:
Dion Skipper, new for Algonquin PP and Nipissing, also Rainy River Cloudless Sulphur, new for Norfolk Orange-barred Sulphur, new for Wellington Dainty Fritillary, new for Hastings
In other cases, the most surprising thing was that the species had never been previously reported from their new counties. For example:
Little Glassywing in Niagara Indian Skipper in York Harvester in Bruce Eastern Comma in Grey Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, Eastern Tailed Blue, Red-spotted Purple, all in Oxford.
For the full list of new county records, see page 14.
22 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Family: HESPERIIDAE
Epargyreus clarus SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER
In 2013 - 270 records. The earliest records were in May, mostly from the southwest, with singles on the 18th at La Salle Woods, Windsor, Essex (RJY, KRY) and on the 21st and 22nd near Wheatley, Essex (JCL), but BH saw one on the 25th on the Doris McCarthy Trail, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto and BVR reported one on the 30th at Rattlesnake Point CA , Halton. The most northerly records were four from Ottawa, the northernmost one photographed on July 5 at Petrie Island (RHu). The highest count was 56, seen on August 2 at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex (GRT). There was one report of oviposition on Shrubby False Indigo (Amorpha fruticosa) on August 13 at Seacliffe Beach, Leamington, Essex (GRT) and two of larvae at Rouge Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto, four on July 13 and two on the 28th (CF). The latest reports were on October 9 and 14, worn singles photographed in a flower garden at Brander Park, Port Lambton, Lambton (BAM).
Urbanus proteus LONG-TAILED SKIPPER
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2012 at Princess Point, Hamilton and High Park Toronto.
Achalurus lyciades HOARY EDGE
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 1996 at Spring Garden Prairie, Windsor.
Thorybes bathyllus SOUTHERN CLOUDYWING
In 2013 - four records. The earliest was of three photographed on June 20 at Ojibway Prairie, Windsor, Essex (RCa), see photo on page 41. This was followed on June 23 by a small fresh one photographed at the same place (RJY, KRY) and three photographed at the Manestar Tract, St. Williams, Norfolk (RCa). Finally, on July 6, two worn ones were seen in a weedy field at Brunet Park, Windsor, Essex (BAM et al).
Thorybes pylades NORTHERN CLOUDYWING
In 2013 - 100 records, starting with two on May 31, two seen at the 16 Valley CA near Oakville, Halton (GTr) and one seen south of Marmora, Hastings (RJY, KRY). These were followed on June 1 by one at Nortel Woods, Ottawa (CH) and two seen nectaring on vetch on the railtrail between Cameron and County Road 38, Peterborough (JB). The northernmost record was of two seen on June 23 on the Aviation Parkway at Rockcliffe, Ottawa (CH, StB). There were two other reports of nectaring, on Bladder Campion on June 6 on Timm Drive, Bells Corners, Ottawa (RCa), and on Viper’s Bugloss on June 21 and 23 at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT). Most reports were of low numbers, less than ten. The best four counts were all from High Park, Metro-Toronto, the highest being 56 on June 18 (RJY). There were 24 reports in July, including a fresh one photographed on July 6 at Brunet Park, Windsor, Essex (BAM et al) and a count of 25 on July 13 at High Park, Metro-Toronto (AA). The last report was on August 28: eight seen in an area with lots of wild flowers in and around cedar woods, at Bruce Power, near Tiverton, Bruce (TRa). These records raise the possibility of at least a partial second generation.
23 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Staphyllus hayhurstii HAYHURST’S SCALLOPWING
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 1992 at Fish Point, Pelee Island.
Erynnis icelus DREAMY DUSKYWING
In 2013 - 122 records. The earliest were two singles photographed on May 14 in Ottawa: at the Bruce Pit, Bells Corners (CBr) and, at the Burnt Lands off Golden Line Road (PH). There was one report of nectaring: June 9 on Cow Vetch (Vicia cracca), near Christie Lake, Lanark (RAL). There was also one report of a larva: on August 8 CH found one on willow, in a nest between two leaves, on De La Tours Road in Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell. On May 26 GR reported one male on the blueberry trail in the Ellice Swamp, Perth—confirming that the species is still present in Perth. There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing on June 1 at two different spots on the East Side Hydrocut (CDJ). There were 15 reports from the north—Rainy River: one photographed on June 5 at Raft Lake Road near Atikokan (DHE); Kenora: six reports, the northernmost one seen on June 22 at Peawanuck Airport (MVB), the northernmost known record for this species in Ontario; Sudbury: six reports from June 15, when one was seen at Killarney Mountain Lodge (GP), to July 9, with six seen 2.2 km E of Spanish Lake (CDJ, DAS, PSB); and finally, Thunder Bay: four reports between June 30 and July 13 (the latest report from the north), both at Alice Ave., Thunder Bay (NGE). The latest report in the south was one seen on July 1 near the Twyn Rivers Parking Lot, Metro-Toronto (JCa, KRY).
Erynnis brizo SLEEPY DUSKYWING
In 2013 - three records, all from Norfolk. On May 17, six were photographed at the St. Williams Forestry Station, and one at the Wilson Tract (BER). On May 20 two were photographed at the Wilson Tract (RJY, KRY).
Erynnis juvenalis JUVENAL’S DUSKYWING
In 2013 - 173 records. The first reports were on May 3: one seen on the Trans-Canada Trail near Sulphide, Hastings (DaE, JoH); May 4: one at Rouge Park, Metro-Toronto (CF); and May 7: two on the Cataraqui Trail E of McGillivray Road, Frontenac (JPo, MCS). Oddly, the first report from the far southwest was not until May 17: four already showing some wear, at Windsor, Essex (GRT). There were no reports of immatures, or of nectaring. There were four reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, the earliest on June 1: one photographed on the Opeongo Road (HPi) and one seen on the East Side Hydrocut (CDJ). There were just three reports from the north: one caught and released on June 9 at Misery Bay PNR, Manitoulin (SCB); and in Sudbury: one seen on June 9, 2.2 km E of Spanish Lake (CDJ, DAS, PSB) and another seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge (GP). Most reports were of low numbers, with only twenty counts of more than ten. The highest were two counts of 50, on May 17 at Skunks Misery, Middlesex, and on May 20 at the Wilson Tract, Norfolk (RJY, KRY). The reports tailed off towards the end of June, with just one in July, a sighting on the 1st near Twyn Rivers Parking Lot, Metro-Toronto (JCa, KRY).
Erynnis horatius HORACE’S DUSKYWING
In 2013 - one record. One was photographed on July 26 at the parking lot of Area 2 of the Dunes Campground, Point Pelee NP, Essex (MK).
24 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Erynnis martialis MOTTLED DUSKYWING
In 2013 - seven records, five from an area near Marmora, Hastings, starting with two photographed on May 29 (PH) and ending with nine photographed on June 19 (RCa). There were also two records from east of Waterdown, Hamilton-Wentworth: one photographed on May 19 and another on June 12 (BVR).
Erynnis zarucco ZARUCCO DUSKYWING
In 2013 - no records. There is only one old record in Ontario: one collected in 1935 at Rouge River, Toronto, now in the Canadian National Collection.
Erynnis funeralis FUNEREAL DUSKYWING
In 2013 - none. Most recently reported in 2012 at Waterdown Escarpment Woods, Hamilton-Wentworth, and at Point Pelee NP, Essex.
Erynnis lucilius COLUMBINE DUSKYWING
In 2013 - 38 records, including 13 of the first generation, which flew from May 7: three seen at the Cataraqui Trail, E of McGillivray Road, Frontenac, (JPo, MCS); until June 9 when there were three reports of worn or very worn individuals: three seen at the Carden Plain, Kawartha Lakes (RJY); one at Bishop Davis Dr., Constance Bay, Ottawa (RCa); and one on the Trans-Canada Trail, 2 km W of West Gate Road, Frontenac (DaE, JoH). The first report of the second generation was June 22 when one was photographed on the Nipissing Trail at Pinery PP, Lambton (RCa, PCar, JL) but there were no others until early July. There were no reports from Algonquin PP and just two from the north, both from Rainy River: July 23 from the Geographic Township of Spohn; and August 10 from Atikokan (DHE). There is only one previous report from Rainy River, back in 1994 when an extremely fresh individual was recorded at Finland. Numbers were very low, the highest count being eight on May 18, on Wylie Road near Alvar Road, Kawartha Lakes (EP, DBi). The latest record was a very worn individual photographed on September 17 on the Kaladar Trail, W of Kaladar, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH).
Erynnis baptisiae WILD INDIGO DUSKYWING
In 2013 - 116 records. First reports were five seen on May 9 at Eglinton Flats, Metro-Toronto (RJY) and two on May 15 at the Windermere Basin, Hamilton, Hamilton-Wentworth (RHC, GSl). There were 12 other first-generation reports, up until May 31. The first reports of the second-generation came on June 9: two photographed, one fresh and one worn, at the Karner Blue Sanctuary at Port Franks, Lambton (BAM); and a fresh male photographed at Listowel, Perth (GR). There were no other gaps in the record, so the number of generations is unknown, but fresh individuals were reported on July 6 and 10, August 10, and September 4, so there were likely four broods. There were three new county records: on May 19 one was seen on the Owen Point Trail at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (CWe); on September 17 about 30 were seen and some photographed at James N. Allen PP, Haldimand (RCa); and on October 3 one was photographed on Cambell Road, Inverhuron, Bruce (LMN).
There were 12 reports of larvae and two of pupae; when the foodplant was mentioned it was always Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria). There were also 12 reports of eggs, or of females ovipositing: two on Wild Indigo; six on Crown-Vetch (Coronilla varia); and three on lupine (Lupinus sp.) on May 20, June 11 and
25 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
July 19, west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). Numbers were usually low, but there were nine counts of more than 20. The highest three were from Eglinton Flats: 49 on May 27, 66 on September 26 and an exact count of 100 on July 21 (RJY). The most northerly records were from Ottawa: two photographed on August 8 at the Bruce Pit (ChB), two photographed at the end of Parkhaven St., on July 30 (PH), and two more on August 8, one ovipositing on Crown Vetch (ASh). The latest records were on October 18 in Metro- Toronto: one seen at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH), and a worn female photographed at Eglinton Flats (RJY).
Erynnis persius persius EASTERN PERSIUS DUSKYWING
In 2013 - Extirpated in Ontario. Last reported on May 30, 1985, at Backus Woods and at the St. Williams Forest Nursery, Norfolk.
Erynnis persius borealis BOREAL PERSIUS DUSKYWING
In 2013 - no records. Last reported from Polar Bear Provinicial Park, Kenora in 2012.
Pyrgus centaureae GRIZZLED SKIPPER
In 2013 - two records, both on June 17 in Kenora. One was photographed in a Black Spruce bog at the Musselwhite Mine near Opapimiskan Lake, and another was seen, in another Black Spruce bog, at Skinner Lake, a further 10 km north (SCB).
Pyrgus communis COMMON CHECKERED SKIPPER
In 2013 - 34 records, starting with a male seen on May 22 on Seneca Dr., Leamington, Essex (GRT) and one seen on May 25 on Graham St., West Lorne, Elgin (AJH). There were five reports in May and one on June 14, constituting the first generation. The second brood started on July 21 with a female seen at the Superstore in Leamington (GRT). There were no other gaps in the records, but on August 29 GRT counted four females and six fresh males, with mating activity and one female ovipositing, on the old RR property at Oak St., Leamington, indicating at least a third generation. No larvae were reported, but males and females were observed around the larval foodplant, Dwarf Mallow (Malva neglecta), on September 8, when two were present on Camper’s Cove Road, Kent, and on September 10, with seven at Shoeless Joe’s in Leamington (GRT). Numbers were low, but 25 were seen, and some photographed, on September 14 at Main & Jasperson, Kingsville, Essex (RCa, JL). The most northerly reports were three from the S part of Canatara Park, Sarnia, Lambton, on May 31, September 10 and October 1 (JK). The latest report was on October 20: one seen at Northwest Beach, Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM).
Pholisora catullus COMMON SOOTYWING
In 2013 - 44 records. First reported on May 8: one seen at Point Pelee NP, Essex (RHC, GSl), followed by three reports on May 19: one seen E of Leamington, Essex (GRT); two at Oak & Poplar, Leamington (RJY, KRY); and one at the Ridgetown sewage lagoon, Kent (BAM). Fresh individuals on June 29 at Joany’s Woods, Middlesex (BAM) and on August 23 at Monarch Landing, Elgin (LuS, AaA) probably signify the start of the second and third generations. Numbers were very low, with just three counts reaching three: on May 22 at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR); on July 19 at Reid CA, Lambton (BAM); and on September 2 at the Karner Blue Sanctuary, Lambton (BAM). The most northerly records were from
26 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Glenorchy, Halton, on August 8 and 23 (BVR), and the latest was one photographed on September 7 at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex (GRT).
Carterocephalus palaemon ARCTIC SKIPPER
In 2013 - 113 records, starting with four reports on May 30: two from separate locations SE of Morewood, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry (CFER); one along the Greenbelt Trail 26 Hydro Corridor, Ottawa (CBr); and one at Swamp Road, off Bell Line Road, W of Seoul’s Corner, Frontenac (DaE, JoH). There were three reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: on June 15 one was seen at Mew Lake and four on Hwy 60 at km 8 (KeMo, JB); and on July 2 (the latest date in the south) one was seen on Hwy 60 between Mew Lake and the Track and Tower Trail (RCa, RLe, TPe). There were twelve reports from the north: three in Thunder Bay, one photographed on July 8 at Current Ave, in the City of Thunder Bay (EWi) and singles caught and released on July 9 and 10 at the Williams Bog NR (SCB), the latest dates in the north; Rainy River, five reports in June at Devlin (MSD) and one on June 17 at Atikokan (DHE); and Kenora, singles were photographed on June 9 at Lisa Lane, 5 km S Dinorwic (ERi); and on June 26 at the Basket Lake camp (BBu) and at the Laura Howe Marsh, Dryden (AsD). Very low numbers were reported everywhere, with only three reaching double digits; the highest was 17 counted on June 14 on the east trails at Conestoga Marsh, Wellington (GR). Does this species ever feed? There have been no reports of nectaring since at least the turn of the century!
Lerema accius CLOUDED SKIPPER
In 2013 - no records. Only one previous record: October 30, 2000 at Point Pelee NP, Essex.
Ancyloxypha numitor LEAST SKIPPER
In 2013 - 371 records. First recorded on May 29 when singles were seen at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex (GRT) and west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). The flight season continued without a break until mid- October. Fresh individuals were reported on July 21 at the Superstore (GRT), on the 24th west of Wheatley (JCL), and on the 25th at Listowel, Perth, in the new marsh created in 2007 (GR, so clearly the second generation was flying at that time. Another fresh individual was reported on September 27 at Sandhurst Shores, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH) indicating that there were at least three generations. There were six reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between June 26, when 15 were counted on Basin Lake Road (PBM, RMa, LF) and July 9, when one was seen at the Source Lake/Found Lake meadow (RMa, PBM). There were three reports from Rainy River: July 16 at Atikokan (DHE); July 23 at Hwy 16 & Wilson Creek Rd (DHE, MSD); and August 4 in La Vallee Twp. (DHE). There was a single record from Cochrane, by far the most northerly report ever: on August 9 one was photographed at the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp (MVB, RWo, ABu).
There was a report of four individuals at Joe-Pye-Weed, presumably nectaring, on July 22 at Stony Creek, N of Bottle Lake in Kawartha Highlands PP, Kawartha Highlands (JK, LKa). Overall this year, numbers were unusually low. The highest counts were 50 on July 5 at the Mizzy Lake Trail, Algonquin PP, Nipissing (RMa) and 59 on August 3, on Parsons Road, E of Centre Dyke Road, Pelee Island, Essex (EP, KHo). The latest records were on October 10: one photographed at the Amherstview Sewage Lagoon, Lennox & Addington and another at Prince Edward Point, Prince Edward (BER); and on October 11: a worn one photographed on the weedy edge of a dike at Blenheim Sewage Lagoon, Kent (BAM).
27 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Oarisma garita GARITA SKIPPERLING
In 2013 - no records. Last reported on Great La Cloche Island and Peninsula, Manitoulin, in 1997.
Thymelicus lineola EUROPEAN SKIPPER
In 2013 - 550 records. The earliest adult records were singles seen on May 30 and June 4 at the Cliffs and Alvars Trail at the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR). Records were continuous until early August, but there were no high numbers reported after mid-July. There were 23 reports of a hundred or more, but not as many very high counts as usual. The highest estimate was “thousands” on June 23 at the Rockcliffe Pkwy at Aviation Pkwy, in Rockcliffe, Ottawa (CH, StD). There were 12 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between June 26 when five were seen on Basin Lake Road (PBM, RMa, LF) and July 18 when 15 were seen on Hwy 60 at km 19 (RMa). There were six reports from Kenora, between July 5, when one was photographed at Lisa Lane, 5 km S Dinorwic (ERi) and July 28, when one was present at the Laura Howe Marsh at Dryden (MSD). There were five from Thunder Bay, between July 13 and August 9, both at Alice Ave. (NGE). And there were 38 reports from Rainy River, including 25 from Devlin, between June 30 and July 25 (MSD). The earliest reports were of larvae: GR collected one for rearing on May 19 at Listowel, Perth; it was in a typical folded leaf nest at the top of a leaf blade. He found more larvae on May 20 and 30 and June 3 and 4, at three locations in Listowel. And, together with TRa, he found another larva on June 1 at the DR Field in MacGregor Point PP, Bruce. The northernmost report was on July 7 at Superior Junction, 11 km E Sioux Lookout, Kenora (MiL). The latest record was two seen on August 5 on the old railway at Listowel (GR).
Hylephila phyleus FIERY SKIPPER
In 2013 - 15 records, just a tiny fraction of what was seen in 2012. And the numbers were very low as well, highest count 5, on September 21 at Bevel Line Road at Sturgeon Creek, Leamington, Essex: RJY photographed them, mostly fresh, one pair in copula. Migrants first arrived in early August, corresponding to the timing of what was probably our third generation of 2012. The first report was of one nectaring on butterfly bush (Buddleia sp.) on August 6 at Harrow, Essex (JL). Reports were mainly from Essex but there was one from Perth: a worn female seen on August 14 at Listowel (GR), one from Halton: two photographed on August 17 at Jefferson Cr., Oakville (AnCa, TiCa), and one from Elgin: a male seen on August 23 at Monarch Landing (LuS, AaA). The last report was a male seen on October 11 on Red Clover at Seacliffe Dr. E, Leamington, Essex (GRT).
Hesperia comma COMMON BRANDED SKIPPER
In 2013 – nine records. Oddly, the earliest records were from the most northerly location: at the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane one was seen on August 8 and another on the 10th (MVB, RWo, ABu). On August 9, and again on the 14th, one was seen at Alice Ave., Thunder Bay (NGE). At the Old Airfield, Algonquin PP, Nipissing four were seen on August 16 (JB, TB) and nine on August 23 (RCa), see photo on page 41. On August 18 one was photographed at Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE), on August 22 one was photographed on Pelto Road, Sioux Lookout , Kenora (MiL), and on August 27 one was photographed nectaring on thistle, at Lisa Lane, 5 km S of Dinowic, Kenora (ERi).
28 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Hesperia leonardus LEONARD’S SKIPPER
In 2013 - 57 records. The first report was of two seen on August 8 on Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (JB), followed by two reports on the 9th, the first of ten from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: one seen at Found Lake and another at the Spruce Bog Boardwalk (RMa). There were three reports of nectaring: one photographed on August 19 on Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii) at the Rosetta McClain Gardens, Scarborough, Metro- Toronto (WF); ten photographed on September 2 on Rough Blazing-Star (Liatris aspersa) at the Karner Blue Sanctuary, Lambton (BAM); and one seen on September 12 on New England Aster at the Burntlands off March Road, Ottawa (RAL). There was one report of oviposition: one photographed on August 23 at Burke’s Road, Point Alexander, Renfrew (JoW) had just laid an egg on a blackberry leaf. This is also the most northerly record of the year. The highest counts were 24, on August 23, 2.8 km E Cloyne, Frontenac, and 48 on August 16 on an Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). The latest dates were also in Lennox & Addington: three reports on September 24, and one on the 25th when one was seen on the Cataraqui Trail, 2.4 km E of Yarker (DaE, JoH).
Hesperia sassacus INDIAN SKIPPER
In 2013 - 73 records, starting with one photographed on May 30 at Tweed, Hastings (JaK), followed on May 31 by one seen S of Marmora, Hastings (RJY, KRY) and one photographed on June 1 on Haskins Road, S of Burritts Rapids, Leeds-Grenville (BeLa). There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, both on June 15 when two were seen on Hwy 60 at km 8, and another three were noted at Mew Lake (KeMo, JB). There were only two records from the north: one on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (GP); and one seen on June 27 at Chutes PP, Algoma (GB, RHC, SND, WGL), the northernmost record of the year. On July 1 one was reported at the Sharon Gun Club, York (MFi), surprisingly, the first record from York. Most counts were low. On June 15 JB reported 14 on Long Lake Road, Peterborough and on June 27 DaE and JoH counted 15 on an Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington. But by far the highest count was on June 9 when RJY reported about 90 fresh individuals on the Carden Alvar, along Wylie and Alvar Rds., Kawartha Lakes, most of them sipping mud on the road. The latest reports were of singles seen on July 4 on an ATV road N of Partridge Lake, Haliburton (EP) and on July 5 at Menzel Centennial NR, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH).
Polites peckius PECK’S SKIPPER
In 2013 - 243 records. The earliest records were almost all from the southwest: on May 28 and 29 at the Superstore, Leamington, Essex (GRT) and on May 30 and 31 west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). Records were continuous until early October, but it seems clear that there were two generations, if not three. On July 25 RAL saw a perfectly fresh one nectaring on Cow Vetch at Brimer’s Marsh, 13.8 km W of Barry’s Bay, Renfrew. On August 3 and again on the 31st, BH reported “second brood” individuals in his garden on Chestermere Blvd., Scarborough, Metro-Toronto. On September 4, JK saw a fresh individual in a meadow marsh along a Humber River tributary NE of Nobleton, York. There were 12 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between July 2 when three were seen at the Vistor Centre and one on Sunday Lake Road (CDJ, STJ) and August 24, when one was seen on Hwy 60 at km 19 (RMa). There were single reports from Thunder Bay: one seen on July 1 at Bowker, SW of Ouimet (NGE), and Algoma: on July 24 an estimate of 75 on Red Rock Road in Prince Twp (DBe). A total of eight records came from Rainy River, from July 7 at Devlin (MSD) to August 4, at Fisher Road & Locking Creek Road, in Emo Twp. (DHE, MSD). The most northerly record was also from Rainy River, one photographed on July 23 at Hwy 60 and Wilson Creek Road in Dawson Twp. (DHE, MSD). The highest count was on July 11, an estimate of 100 in a wet
29 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______meadow 1.5 km N Wilfrid, Durham (JK). There were three late records at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto, on September 23 and 27, and October 1 (BH). But the season ended right where it started, at the Superstore in Leamington: with one photographed on October 10 (GRT).
Polites themistocles TAWNY-EDGED SKIPPER
In 2013 - 225 records. Reports began on May 31, when one was photographed W of Wheatley, Essex (JCL) and three were seen S of Marmora, Hastings (RJY, KRY), and continued without a break until mid- September. There can be no doubt about a second generation: on August 5 JB reported two “second generation” on the railtrail between Blezard and Villiers, Peterborough; on August 21 RJY photographed two, “one fairly fresh, one very worn’, in the flowerbeds at James Gardens, Metro-Toronto; and on August 29 RAL caught and released a fresh female on a hydroline S of Easton’s Corners, Leeds-Grenville. There were three reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing between June 26, when two were seen on Basin Lake Road (PBM, RMa, LF) and July 15, when one was at the Visitor Centre (RMa). There were four reports from Rainy River, between July 4 at Devlin (MSD) and August 4 in Emo Twp. (DHE, MSD). There were two reports from Thunder Bay: singles seen on July 1 and August 9 on Alice Ave. (NGE). And two from Kenora: a male photographed on July 2 at the Eady Farm, 3 km NE Eagle River (CaE), the northernmost record; and one photographed on July 19 at Lisa Lane, 5 km S Dinorwic (ERi). On June 3, W of Wheatley, Essex, JCL saw eight on Oxeye Daisy, with some mating. The next day, five were present, with two pairs mating, and on the 5th just two females were seen on the daisies. The highest count was about 65 fresh ones, on June 9 on Wylie and Alvar Rds., on the Carden Alvar, Kawartha Lakes (RJY). The latest report was on September 23: one seen at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH).
Polites origenes CROSSLINE SKIPPER
In 2013 - 69 records. The season began with one seen on June 24 at High Park, Metro-Toronto (JCa, VCa) and two photographed on June 26 on the N side of Short Hills PP, Niagara (RCa). It continued with records almost every day until July 26 when there were three reports: Sandy Lake Road and on Fire Road 75 in the Kasshabog Lake area, Peterborough (JB, KeMo); and at Pinery PP, Lambton (MK). Then after a ten-day gap, there were five more records: singles seen on August 5 and 12 north of Wardsville, Middlesex (DPy); one photographed on August 6 at Buena Vista Park, Simcoe (CCr); one on August 10 in the Hillman Marsh area, Essex (AWh, PCh); and a very late one seen on September 17 at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH, JH). There was just one decent count, 18 seen on July 13 on Milburn Road W of Irondale, Haliburton (EP, JBox); apart from that the best was seven seen on July 13 south of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). The northernmost records were from east of Axe Lake, Muskoka, one photographed on July 9 (GB, RSn), and Harwood Plains, off Kerwin Road, Ottawa, one photographed on July 15 (RCa).
Polites mystic LONG DASH SKIPPER
In 2013 - 235 records. First reported on June 1 when one was photographed on a clover leaf at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT), and on June 2 when another was photographed at Tweed, Hastings (JaK). There were 16 reports from the Algonquin PP area, Nipissing, the earliest on July 1 when two were photographed on Sunset Trail Road, Whitney (RCa) and another on the Spruce Bog Boardwalk (PH, JHa), and the latest on July 15, when one was seen at the Visitor Centre (RMa). There were 13 reports from the north: two seen on July 14 on Red Rock Road, Prince Twp., Algoma (DBe); one photographed on July 20 at the Hannah Bay/ East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane (JI, ChF, ACo); three seen on July 1 at Bowker, SW of
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Ouimet, Thunder Bay (NGE); one photographed nectaring on Red Clover on July 18, and two on the 19th, at Lisa Lane, 5 km S of Dinorwic, Kenora (ERi); one seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Road, Sudbury (GP); and seven reports from Rainy River, from June 12 at Atikokan (DHE) to July 25 at Frog Creek Road (MSD). Mating was observed twice, on June 26 at the Conestoga Marsh, west trails, Wellington (GR) and on June 30 near Canal Lake, Kawartha Lakes (DKa). And there was one other observation of nectaring, on Chicory (Cichorium intybus) on July 1 on Rocky Saugeen Road, Grey (LMN). There were just a few high counts, the highest 50 on July 5 on the Mizzy Lake Trail, Algonquin PP (RMa) and 100 on July 6 at the Brinklow Bog, Hastings (DaE, JoH). The flight season lasted two full months, with just one report of a late fresh individual to suggest a possible second generation: one photographed at the Singing Sands at Dorcas Bay, Bruce (BAM). And there were just three reports in August: two photographed on the 3rd at MacGregor PP, Bruce (TRa); one seen on the 5th north of Wardsville, Middlesex (DPy); and a very late one photographed on the 23rd on the Trans-Canada Trail, W of Tweed, Hastings (JaK).
Polites vibex WHIRLABOUT
In 2013 - no records. Just one modern record, in 2008 at Scarborough, Metro-Toronto.
Wallengrenia egeremet NORTHERN BROKEN-DASH
In 2013 - 149 records. The first reports were one on June 23, one seen at Wotten Road, Burketon, Durham (RP) and two on June 26: one seen on Hubble Road, N of Havelock, Peterborough (JB) and one photographed on the N side of Short Hills PP, Niagara (RCa). The most notherly records were two from Renfrew: one seen on July 30 at Shaw Woods (ASh) and one collected on Gunn’s Road, just E of Basin Lake Road (RAL). JCL observed two pairs in courtship ritual on July 3, on tall grass and a privet hedge, W of Wheatley, Essex. There were two reports of nectaring, on August 11 on Cow Vetch at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT) and on July 22 at Joe-Pye-Weed at Stony Creek in Kawartha Highlands PP, Peterborough (JK, LKa). Numbers reported were very low, with only five reports of more than ten. The highest counts were on July 12 with 21 seen on Lingham Lake Road, Hastings, and on July 13 with 24 on an Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). The latest two reports were from Lennox & Addington: singles seen on August 12 at Menzel Centennial NR, and on the 16th on the Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne (DaE, JoH).
Pompeius verna LITTLE GLASSYWING
In 2013 - 41 records, beginning with a couple photographed on June 19 at Glen Major, Durham (RP) followed by another photographed on the 20th at Titcombe Park, Windsor, Essex (RCa). One seen on July 21 at a wetland edge in MacGregor PP, Bruce (BAM) is the first record for Bruce, and the most northerly record ever in Ontario. Surprisingly, reports on June 25 and 26 (see photo on page 41) from the north side of Short Hills PP, Niagara (RCa) are the first records from Niagara. Numbers were usually very low (one to a few) with just one count of 10 on July 6 from Narrows Lock Road, Lanark (RCa). The latest reports were on July 30, one seen on the Cliffs and Alvars Trail at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR), and one photographed on August 6 on Turnbull Dr., Buena Vista Park, Simcoe (CCr).
31 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Atalopedes campestris SACHEM
In 2013 – not a single record of this normally, very rare, non-breeding immigrant. Quite a contrast to the unprecedented record of 94 reports last year!
Anatrytone logan DELAWARE SKIPPER
In 2013 - 176 records. First recorded on June 21 at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Greenville (RT). The most northerly record was one seen on July 28 at the 4SC Satellite Site, Deep River, Renfrew (EA). On July 26, on Rocky Saugeen Road, Grey, two males were photographed (LMN); this is the first record for Grey. One larva, first found by Sarah Martin on June 1 at the ski trail gate near Lakerange Road, McGregor PP, Bruce, was reported by GR and TRa. There were four reports of nectaring: on July 22, one photographed nectaring on Common Milkweed at Turnbull Dr., Buena Vista Park, Simcoe (CCr) and eight at Joe-Pye-Weed at Stony Creek, Kawartha Highlands PP, Peterborough (JK, LKa); one on Canada Thistle on July 26, caught and released at a marsh on Robertson Road, Bells Corners, Ottawa (LJ); and a male on July 27 on Cow Vetch at Robertson Road (RAL). Most reports were in July, with just five after August 1, but two of these, from Ottawa, were very late. One was seen on August 23 on a hydroline cut W of McCarthy Rd (RT). The last was on September 30 at Shirley’s Bay (RHu); no photo of this one, but a detailed description which fits this species very well.
Poanes massassoit MULBERRY WING
In 2013 - 51 records, starting on June 30, one seen on the Galway-Cavendish Forest Access Road, Peterborough (JB) and another in the Larose Forest, on Clarence-Campbell Road near Grant Rd, Prescott- Russell (RCa), see photo on page 41. RCa was back in the same place on July 5, saw ten, and photographed one “puddling on a bird dropping in a shaded area”. On July 22, at Stony Creek, Kawartha Highlands PP, Peterborough, seven were seen at (presumably nectaring on) Joe-Pye-Weed (JK, LKa). Most of the reports were from Haliburton, Peterborough and Prescott-Russell. But on July 6, 11 were reported from the Fen entrance trail at Brucedale, Bruce (GR), who suggested that this number probably underestimates the size of the colony. On July 12 four were photographed on Lingham Lake Road, Hastings, and on July 22 a very ragged one was photographed on Moneymore Road along Dry Lake, Hastings (DaE, JoH). On July 13, 19 were seen and photographed on an Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH) and on July 23 one was seen at Robertson Road, Bells Corners, Ottawa (LJ). Most reports were of multiple individuals, and there were twelve with counts of ten or more. The highest counts were 42 seen on July 12 on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB), and 68 counted on July 22 on Fire Road 34, off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (EP, DBa MC). The latest report was of one seen on July 28 on Galway Road, Peterborough (JB).
Poanes hobomok HOBOMOK SKIPPER
In 2013 - 329 records. The first reports were from High Park, Metro-Toronto: one on May 23 (RJY) and five on the 26th (RJY, KRY). Algonquin Park, Nipissing, was about three weeks later, the first of its 12 reports coming on June 15, eight at Mew Lake and 16 at Hwy 60, km 8 (KeMo, JB); the latest there was on July 11, ten seen on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM). There were five reports from Northern Ontario: one seen on June 12 at Raft Lake Road, Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE); one photographed on June 14, nectaring on hawkweed at Lisa Lane, 5 km S of Dinorwic, Kenora (ERi); five seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (GP); and, in Thunder Bay on July 1, two caught and released at
32 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Caldwell Lake NR (SCB) and one seen at Bowker, SW of Ouimet (NGE). There were 11 reports of dark pocahontas-form females, but never more than one per report. There were four other reports of nectaring, three on Cow Vetch, and one on Viper’s Bugloss, on June 6 at NCC Parking Lot 6, S of Bells Corners, Ottawa (LJ). There were 41 reports of more than ten, and three of 100 or more: 100 estimated, and some photographed, on July 7 at the Bayview Escarpment, Grey (MEa); and at a Forest Access Road off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough, 167 were counted on June 15 (JB) and 190 on June 18 (JB, TB). Records were continuous from late May to mid-July, with just two a little later: on July 20 one seen on Sandy Lake Road, south of Fire Road 83, Peterborough (RP, JS), and on July 24 one seen on the Cliffs and Alvars Trail at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR).
Poanes zabulon ZABULON SKIPPER
In 2013 - no records. Not reported since 2001, at the Stone Road Alvar on Pelee Island, Essex.
Poanes viator BROAD-WINGED SKIPPER
In 2013 - 71 records. The season started abruptly, with two photographed on July 5 on Clarence-Cambridge Rd, in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (RCa) followed the next day by two more in the same place (PH) and sightings from four other counties: two at Brinklow Bog, Hastings (DaE, JoH); one on the Nonquon Crown Lands, Simcoe, three on Scugog Line 8 at Port Perry, Durham (RP); and three on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB). The northernmost report was one collected on July 12 at Gunn’s Road, 600 m E of Basin Lake Road, Renfrew (RAL). It seems that in some areas the flight season occurred a bit later: GR reported five fresh ones on July 20 at the West Sedge Marsh at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo, and commented that they had not been flying there on July 14. And on August 20 RAL collected a very large female in good condition near Clayton, Lanark. Most of the reports were of ones and twos, but there were 16 reports of ten or more, of which 14 were from Peterborough, mostly in the Sandy Lake area. The highest counts were 90 on County Road 46 north of Sandy Lake Road (JB); 98 on July 20 on Sandy Lake Road N of (RP, JS); and 250 on July 12 on Sandy Lake Road (JB, TB). The flight season was short, just over a month. The latest reports were all singles, on August 10 at Bayview Bog, Lennox & Addington (BER) and on the old railbed south of Blackwater, Durham (RJY), and on August 12 north of Wardsville, Middlesex (DPy).
Euphyes dion DION SKIPPER
In 2013 - 60 records, starting with a male photographed on July 1 on Turnbull Dr., Buena Vista Park, Simcoe (CCr), followed by one photographed on July 7 at Menzel Centennial NR, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). On July 18, a specimen was photographed and collected in a sedgy meadow on the south side of Hwy 60 at km 18, Algonquin PP, Nipissing (RMa). This is the first record for the Park, and for Nippising District! There were also five records from Rainy River, also the first for that district, starting with three photographed and one collected on July 23 in Dawson Twp., on Hwy 600 at Wilson Creek Road (DHE, MSD). The other Rainy River records were on August 4 in La Vallee Twp., at Box Alder Road West and at Norris Road & Burris Road West (DHE, MSD) and on August 18 and 19 at Devlin (MSD). This is strong evidence of northward expansion by this species; there has been an enormous amount of reporting along Hwy 60 in the Park, and MSD has been reporting from his home near Devlin since 2009. There were four reports of nectaring, all on Robertson Road, Bells Corners, Ottawa: on July 22, 23 and 26 (LJ) and on July 27 (RAL); all were on Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), almost the only nectar plant there, but RAL also saw one on Purple Loosestrife, along the roadside. The numbers were way down from 2012, with
33 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______just seven counts of ten or more. Highest counts were 23, on July 21 on Dyno Road NW of Farrel Lake, Haliburton (EP) and on July 20 at a roadside pond along Hwy 504 E of Apsley, Peterborough (EP, DBa, MC). And on the same day, further along Hwy 504 near Whitmore Road, these three observers counted 60. The latest dates were the two from Devlin, as you would expect, but then one more from the south, one seen on August 25 on the Owen Point Trail at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (DBr), the latest Ontario record by one day!
Euphyes dukesii DUKE’S SKIPPER
In 2013 - five records. The earliest were from Reid CA, Lambton: three photographed on July 16, and another three on July 19 (BAM). The other three reports were from Mersey Road 6 west of Wheatley, Essex: one photographed on July 26, on (but not necessarily nectaring on) Germander (Teucrium sp.); a male photographed on August 2 on Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum); and a worn male seen on August 3 also on Cup Plant (JCL).
Euphyes conspicua BLACK DASH
In 2013 - 13 records. The first report was of five photographed on July 6 at the Spring Garden Prairie, Windsor, Essex (BAM et al), followed by one collected on the 7th at Ojibway Prairie PNR, Essex (CDJ et al). Next was a fresh male seen in Listowel, Perth, in the new marsh created in 2007 (GR), who commented “confirms successful breeding site, as a mating pair was recorded in 2012”. On July 11 at the same site GR saw a darker individual, probably a female, and another was photographed on Victoria Corners Road, Durham (TM), the most northerly record. On July 20 at the West Sedge Marsh at rare, Waterloo, GR counted seven, the highest number for the year. The latest record was also from rare, two seen on July 20 on the Cliffs and Alvars Trail (AmR).
Euphyes bimacula TWO-SPOTTED SKIPPER
In 2013 - 40 records, which is strange, given that 2013 was not a great year for butteflies; there were only 11 records last year. Reports started with one photographed on June 21 in a damp field south of Chippawa, Niagara (JaHo), only the second record from the county, and the first since 1981. Next was one seen on June 23 at a wetland along Buckslide Road, W of Boshkung Lake, Haliburton (EP). There were five reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: on July 1 one seen at the Spruce Bog Boardwalk (PH, JHa); on July 2 a female photographed on Hwy 60 between Mew Lake and the Track and Tower Trailhead, and another female photographed on the Old Railway Trail, SW of the Mew Lake Campground (RCa, RLe, TPe); and on July 3 two seen at the Beaver meadow on Centennial Ridges Road (CDJ, KHa, STJ) and one photographed at the Whitefish Lake Millsite. This was a slightly worn female which was intent on nectaring on Cow Vetch despite repeated disturbance (RCa). On June 30 RCa photographed a female on Clarence-Cambridge Road in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell, the first record for the county. He then watched it “shimmy backwards down leaf-blade and then oviposit on it”. Almost all records were ones and twos. There were just two high counts of 15, on July 12 on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB), and on July 13 on an Ontario Hydro road south of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). The latest reports were on August 3, two seen both north and south of Brown’s Road, Pelee Island, Essex (EP, KHo), and on August 18, two worn ones seen on Huston Road, Glen Major, Durham (RP).
34 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Euphyes vestris DUN SKIPPER
In 2013 - 390 records. The first reports were on June 23 from Windsor, Essex: three seen at the Spring Garden ANSI and eight at Ojibway Prairie (RJY, KRY) followed on June 30 with three seen at Burnt River, in the Dahl Forest, Haliburton (EP) and one photographed on Fifth Line Road, Ottawa (CGa). There were 22 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing; the earliest were on July 3, one photographed on Hwy 60 at Centennial Ridges Road and one seen on the Whitefish Lake Group Campground Beach (CDJ, KHa, STJ). The latest was two photographed on August 23 at the Whitefish Lake Millsite (RCa). In the north there was one record from Algoma, three seen on July 14 on Red Rock Road in Prince Twp., (DBe). There were four from Kenora, singles photographed south of Dinorwic on July 6 and 19 (ERi), one photographed on the Bigwood Trail at Sioux Lookout (MiL) and one at the Mink Bay Trail, Keewatin (MSD). And there were 26 reports from Rainy River, including 18 reports from Devlin between July 11 and August 25 (MSD). There were four reports of nectaring between July 25 and August 3, on Joe-Pye-Weed, Red Clover and Viper’s Bugloss, at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT). This species was often numerous; there were 68 records of ten or more and nine exceeding 100. The highest two counts were on July 20 in Peterborough: 633 on Sandy Lake Road south of Fire Road 83 (RP, JS); and 647 on Fire Road 34 off Jack Lake Road (EP, DPa, MC). In the north, the latest date was August 25 at Devlin (MSD). In the south there were four reports on August 23: at Sparrow Field, Point Pelee NP, Essex (GRT); at Demers Road, Clear Lake, Peterborough (MOl); at the Whitefish Lake Millsite in Algonquin PP, Haliburton (RCa); and at the Irvine Lake Airstrip, S of Vennachar Junction, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH).
Atrytonopsis hianna DUSTED SKIPPER
In 2013 - one record: five photographed on June 22 on the Dunes Campground Trail at Pinery PP, Lambton (RCa, PCar, JL).
Amblyscirtes hegon PEPPER AND SALT SKIPPER
In 2013 - four records, the earliest one seen on June 15 on Hwy 60, km 8 in Algonquin PP, Nipissing (KeMo, JB). Next was one seen on June 18 on the Forest Access Road off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB). Then one was photographed on June 19 on the Brinklow Road, east of the Hastings Heritage Trail, Hastings (DaE, JoH), the first record for the county. Finally, one was seen on June 22 at the east end of Iron Mine Rd at Davis Lake, Haliburton (EP, KHo).
Amblyscirtes vialis COMMON ROADSIDE SKIPPER
In 2013 - 37 records, beginning with one seen on May 20 on Wylie Road on the Carden Alvar, Kawartha Lakes (EP, DBi), and a total of nine seen on May 22 at two spots at the Tip of Long Point, Norfolk (AT), only the fourth record from Norfolk and the first since 1990. There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, singles seen at two locations on the East Side Hydrocut during the East Side Count (IS, CDJ). There were eight reports from the north: in Algoma, one on July 14 on Red Rock Rd (DBe); in Cochrane one photographed on August 8 at the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp (MVB, RWo, ABu), the latest Ontario record ever; in Kenora, one photographed on June 26 near the camp at Basket Lake (BBu); in Rainy River, at least ten seen on June 12 at Raft Lake Road, Atikokan (DHE) and one on June 23 at Devlin (MSD); in Sudbury, one seen on June 10 just east of Agnew Lake (CDJ, DAS, PSB) and one on June 26 at Chapleau (GB, RHC, SMD, WGL); and in Thunder Bay, three seen on July 1 at Bowker, SW of Puimet (NGE). Just one report mentioned a flower: one photographed on May 31 at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-
35 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Grenville, was on Bitter Wintercress (Barbarea vulgaris) (RT). Most reports were of a single individual; the highest count was just 14, on May 26 at Lingham Lake Road, Hastings (DaE, JoH). The five latest dates were in the north, mentioned above. In the south the latest was June 22, singles seen and photographed at three different spots in Pinery PP, Lambton (RCa, PCar, JL).
Calpodes ethlius BRAZILIAN SKIPPER
In 2013 - no records. Reported only once, in 1991 at Point Pelee NP, Essex.
Panoquina ocola OCOLA SKIPPER
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2012 at High Park, Toronto.
Family: PAPILIONIDAE
Battus philenor PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - five records, starting with one on May 15, found dead on the beach at the Lighthouse NR, Pelee Island, Essex (MFi), and collected. The other reports were all singles, much later: on July 21 at Holiday Beach CA, Essex and on July 26 at Ojibway Park, Windsor, Essex (PDP); on August 23 at Monarch Landing, Elgin, a male nectaring on Vervain and Milkweed (LuS, AaA); and at Rosetta McClain Gardens in Scarborough, Metro-Toronto, on Butterfly Bush (HoH).
Eurytides marcellus ZEBRA SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2012 at Sparrow Field, Point Pelee NP, Essex.
Papilio polyxenes BLACK SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - 302 records. First reports were singles on May 3 at Rouge Park, Metro-Toronto (BH, JH) and on May 4 at the De Laurier Homestead in Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM, STP). Worn individuals on June 26 west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL) and on July 10 in Leamington, Essex (GRT) mark the end of the first generation. Fresh individuals on July 14 at Lincoln Ave., Metro-Toronto (RJY) and on July 22 at Robertson Road, Bells Corners, Ottawa (LJ) are early ones of the second brood. There were two very late reports of fresh individuals at Leamington in September, on the 21st (RJY) and on the 30th (GRT); these must have been third generation individuals. The only northern records were from Rainy River, on May 31 at Riverview Park, Barwick, and on June 2 and 3 at Devlin (MSD). There were reports of nectaring on a wide variety of plants: Dandelion, Lovage, Red Clover, Milkweed, Wild Marjoram, Queen Anne’s Lace, and Bull Thistle. And reports of oviposition on Rue (Ruta graveolens) on July 30 at Listowel, Perth (GR), on July 31 on Garden Parsley at Ottawa (PH), on August 7 right in the flower heads of Queen Anne’s Lace, west of Wheatley (JCL), and also on August 7 on “morning glory”, though there was Garden Parsley very close by, near North Gower, Ottawa (AlC). In addition, larvae were found on Dill, carrot and Garden Parsley, and on September 27 a fifth instar larvae eating the green seeds inside the dry seed-head of a Queen Anne’s Lace, about the last plant left with any green on it; this was at Fifth Line Road, Ottawa (CGa). There were only very low numbers reported, just three reports of more than ten. The highest was 20, seen on August 3 in the SW Quadrant of Pelee Island, Essex (RJY, KRY, SuB). The latest record was
36 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
GRT’s two fresh individuals on September 30, at Leamington, Essex.
Papilio machaon OLD WORLD SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - three records. This species was reported twice from the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane, on July 18, and on Scotch Lovage (Ligusticum scoticum) on July 21 (JI, CHF, ACo). The third report was of one seen on July 30 from the Polar Bear Express, about 1.5 hours south of Moosonee, Cochrane (MVB, RWo).
Papilio cresphontes GIANT SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - 482 records. First reports were on May 23, much later than last year: at Beamsville, Niagara (JBau) and near Demorestville and on Elmbrook Road, Prince Edward (JD). Other early records such as May 30 on Ramsay Con. 1 near Carleton Place, Lanark (DA) and June 2 at Shirley’s Bay, Ottawa (CL, BBr, TH) show that some pupae survived the winter far north and east of their usual haunts. These survivors bred very successfully, leading to many reports all summer in Lanark, Ottawa, and beyond. On September 9 one was photographed on Boileau Road, SE of Bourget, Prescott-Russell (GRoz), the first record for that county. And on August 18 two were observed flying over Hwy 17 near Co. Rd. 6, Renfrew (RCa), the second record for Renfrew. Fresh individuals were reported from late July to late August, so there were definitely two generations, even in the north. There were many reports of eggs, larvae, and of females ovipositing, on several different plants: “wild lime” at Listowel, Perth (GR), Gas Plant (Dictamnus albus) at Waterloo (TBe), and Prickly-Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) and Hop Tree (Ptelea trifoliatum) at many locations. On September 18, at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk, 10 larvae were found on Common Hop Trees, heavily damaging the trees (RCa, AaA, KaB)—see photo on page 42. On October 3 LiB found three fifth instar larvae on an unidentified shrub, 4 km N of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa, right on the shore of the Ottawa River. On the 9th RAL saw the larvae and identified the shrub as a sapling Hop Tree, derived from several large planted trees, by far the most northerly Hop Trees in Canada. Only 11 counts were of ten or more. The highest were two counts of 47, on August 2 at Point Pelee NP, Essex (RJY, KRY) and on August 3 in the SW quadrant of Pelee Island, Essex (RJY, KRY, SuB). Most of the late records were of larvae, including the very latest, one on Common Prickly-Ash on October 18 at the Lowe Road extension, Ottawa (MOl). The latest adult reports were on October 3, two “very fresh” on Wolf Grove Road, SW of Almonte, Lanark (DA) and on October 12 one “somewhat beat-up looking” near North Gower, Ottawa (AlC).
Papilio glaucus EASTERN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - 317 records. The season started in the far southwest with singles on May 14 at Point Pelee NP, Essex (JCa) and on the 20th and 21st west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL), and then on the 22nd, three were seen at South Field/Sparrow Field at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR). There were not as many reports in the northeast as there were last year, just two reports from Ottawa, on July 12, one at the Corkery Road extension in the Long Swamp (PH, JHa) and on July 13, two on the McCarton Road extension (RCa), the two most northerly records. There were just three reports of nectaring, in each case on butterfly bush (Buddleia sp.). There was one report of a female laying eggs on a Hop Tree (Ptelea trifoliatum), on June 25 west of Wheatley (JCL), and seven reports of larvae, six on Hop Tree, the other on cherry on July 2, west of Wheatley (JCL). There were five reports of black females, all in August, so clearly second generation individuals, and all in Essex: four seen on the 10th at the Fish Point NR, Pelee Island (PH, JHa), one on the 11th at Pheasant Run Dr., Belle River (DeS), two on the 14th at Seacliffe Beach, Leamington (GRT), five on
37 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______the 15th west of Wheatley (JCL), and one on the 23rd at Harrow (JCL). On September 1 JCa saw one at Township Rd. 6, Innerkip, Oxford, very surprisingly the first record for that county. There were very few high counts. On June 12 RJY counted 19 at High Park, Metro-Toronto, the highest of the first generation. And in the second generation the best number was even lower, an estimate of 15+, on July 14 at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (KAn). The latest reports were mostly from JCL, west of Wheatley, on September 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8. But the very last was one seen on September 18 in “good condition, tails intact, pale yellow” on Osler Bluff Road, Collingwood, Simcoe (CR).
Papilio canadensis CANADIAN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - 255 records, starting with two reports from eastern Ontario, one on May 17 at Cornwall, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry (RDo) and one on the 18th at Wendover Ave., Ottawa (PH). There were 11 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between May 30, one seen at Mew Lake (KeMo, JB) and July 3, one photographed at the Minnesing Trailhead (RCa). There were 49 reports from the north, including one on May 27 at Pancake Bay PP, Algoma (CBe); six reports from Kenora including on June 8, many seen and some photographed, “all over a manure pile” at Peganeis Lake, 4 km SE of Oxdrift (AsD), and two seen on June 22 at Peawanuck Airport (MVB); on June 9 ten seen at Misery Bay PNR, Manitoulin (SCB); seven reports from Sudbury, the first one seen on June 6 on the Sultan Industrial Road, 2 km SE of Sultan (CDJ, DAS) and the latest 15 seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge (GP); ten reports from Thunder Bay, including four seen on July 1 on a bog mat at Caldwell Lake NR and seven on July 6 on a rocky beach at Bowman Island NR (SCB); and 23 reports from Rainy River, including 19 from Devlin between June 9 and July 15, and on June 30 one seen at Pither’s Point Park, Fort Frances (MSD). The northernmost record was the two seen at Peawanuck; the southernmost was probably the three seen on June 12 on the Loop at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (CWe). But this is always complicated by the difficulty in distinguishing between this species and the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail where the ranges overlap. GR reported from further south: on June 15 from two locations at Maple Keys, Huron, and on June 14, 20, 22 and 29 from Conestoga Marsh, Wellington, individuals thought to be Canadian Tiger Swallowtails. But this species has never been reported from those counties, and it seems equally likely that his observations were first- generation Easterns, or possibly intermediates between the two species.
On June 11 ERi saw one nectaring on hawkweed at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic, Kenora. And on June 12 at Cowell Road, S of North Gower, Ottawa, SWe saw one nectaring on Lilac, behaving aggressively towards a Giant Swallowtail. There were four larval reports, three from Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell: on Concession 10, on July 14 one about an inch long on an ash sapling and on the 23rd one on Alder (Alnus incana), and on August 4 on Perron Road, W of Bertrand, another one on alder (CH). On September 3 a fifth instar larva was photographed on Arthur St. East, in Thunder Bay (JuSa). The species was nowhere abundant, with only nine reports of ten or more. The highest counts were 25 on June 22 at Geeza Road, SSE of Dutch Line, Haliburton (EP, KHo) and 29 on June 9 at Carden Plain, Kawartha Lakes (RJY). The latest adult report was on July 15 at Devlin, Rainy River (MSD).
38 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Papilio troilus SPICEBUSH SWALLOWTAIL
In 2013 - 95 records. First reports were of one puddling on May 21 west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL), and two seen at a woodland edge at Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM). A worn one seen on July 28 at Point Pelee (BAM) shows that the first generation was still flying, and a fresh one on August 6 at Campers Cove Road, Kent (GRT), show that the second brood had started. The northernmost record was a pair photographed on June 5 along a gravel road through woods, Sideroad 20N, near Greenock, Bruce (LMN)—this is the first record for Bruce, and the most northerly record ever (see photo on page 42). There were two reports of mating pairs, on June 11 on Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) and on August 3 on Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum), and on August 20 another pair was seen in courtship behaviour on butterfly bush, all west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). Two larvae were seen on August 20 at High Park, Metro-Toronto (CF) and a very late one on October 6 at Port Hope, Northumberland (RJP). The highest counts were 10, on August 23 at High Park (RJY) and 15 on August 15 west of Wheatley (JCL). The latest adult records were on September 14 at High Park (RJY) and on the Black Oak Trail at Rondeau PP, Kent (BAM) and on the 18th, a worn male photographed at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (RCa, AaA, KaB).
Family: PIERIDAE
Pontia protodice CHECKERED WHITE
In 2013 - three records, all from Rainy River: the species was seen (unknown number) on June 16 at Atikokan (DHE), the first Rainy River record since 1979; on August 4 one was seen in La Vallee Twp., on Norris Road at Burris Road West (DHE, MSD); and on August 22 one was photographed at Devlin.
Pontia occidentalis WESTERN WHITE
In 2013 - five records. The only first-generation report was on May 23, an immaculate male photographed at Bare Point at the north end of the Thunder Bay waterfront (AW). On August 22 one was photographed in the Mud Lake area of La Vallee Twp., Rainy River (MSD), the first Rainy River record since 1988. Also on August 22, one was photographed at Sioux Lookout, Kenora (MiL), see photo on page 42. On August 23 one was photographed on Peganeis Lake, 4 km SW of Oxdrift, Kenora (AsD), and on August 26 one was caught, photographed and released at Pinewood, Rainy River (DHE, MSD).
Pieris oleracea MUSTARD WHITE
In 2013 - 171 records. The first report, two seen on May 4 at the Orono Crown Lands, Durham (RP) was followed on May 5 by four more: one at Blue Mountain Road, Uxbridge and two at Purple Woods CA, Oshawa, Durham; one at the Nonquon Crown Lands, Simcoe (RP); and one on the Greenbelt Beaver Trail, Nepean, Ottawa (RCa). On May 15 DBr reported one on Victoria Road, E of Carrying Place, Prince Edward, nectaring on Downy Raspberry (Rubus pubescens), the only report of nectaring. The first generation was still flying on June 21 at the railtrail at Con. 5, Blackwater, Durham; RP reported “dark veins”. The summer generation was flying two weeks later, one reported on July 6 at Victoria Road, E of Carrying Place, Prince Edward; DBr reported “fresh summer brood on Lopseed” (Phryma leptostachya). A report of “very fresh” individuals on August 10, S of Bells Corners, Ottawa (ASh) shows that there was very likely a third generation. There were no reports from Algonquin PP, and only 11 from the north. On July 28 one was photographed in the Laura Howe Marsh at Dryden, Kenora (MSD). There were four
39 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______reports from Rainy River, the earliest on June 8 at Atikokan (DHE) and the latest on August 11at Devlin (MSD). On May 25 one was caught and released on Boundary Drive, the southern border of the City of Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay (SCB), the only first-generation report from there. But there were five from the second generation, between August 4, three seen on the Thunder Bay waterfront, and September 8, one seen at Alice Ave. (NGE). There were six counts of ten or more, three in early May, when the first generation had just emerged, and three in mid-August. So it seems reasonable to assume that these last ones were freshly-emerged individuals of that third generation. The highest counts were 17 seen on August 18 on Gagnon Road in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (DLe), and 24 on the railtrail between Blezard and Villiers, Peterborough (JB). The last four records were all from Peterborough, in early September; the latest was four seen on the 10th on the railtrail between Blezard and Villiers (JB).
Pieris virginiensis WEST VIRGINIA WHITE
In 2013 - nine records, starting with three on May 1 at the Twiss Escarpment Woods, Halton (RHC, GSl, BVR). There were two other reports from the same place: on May 3 RCa photographed five, and on May 4 AA saw 15, nectaring on Spring Beauty (Claytonia sp.), Toothwort (Dentaria sp.) and Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum). On May 17 there were two reports from Peterborough, one seen at Tie’s Mountain Road and three at Charlie Allen Road (JB). There were two reports from Frontenac PP, Frontenac: on May 17, 16 were seen, some photographed, at Arab Gorge (PH, JHa), and on May 18 JPo saw eight near Big Salmon Lake. Also on May 18, one was caught and released at Reach Lane, Charleston Lake PP, Leeds-Grenville (MVB, EPB). These were the latest dates; as usual, a very short flight season.
Pieris rapae CABBAGE WHITE
In 2013 - 1,626 records. The flight season started on April 18 with one at La Salle, Essex (JL) and one on April 23 on Mersea Road 6 W of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). There were ten reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting with two seen on May 20 at Mew Lake (KeMo) and ending with several seen on September 12 at Odenbach (LF, KSa, TRS). There were only 11 reports from the north: one seen on July 14 on Red Rock Road, Prince Twp., Algoma (DBe); one photographed on August 23 at Peganeis Lake, SW of Oxdrift, Kenora (AsD); one on August 30 on a rocky shoreline at Bluff Point, French River PP, Manitoulin (JK); one, extremely fresh, on October 2 at North Cobalt, Timiskaming (AW, JoV, JMB); about 25 seen in weed patches on the Thunder Bay waterfront (NGE); and six reports from Rainy River, including three from Devlin between June 3 and September 16 (MSD). There was another late report of a fresh male, on October 30 at South Humber Park, Metro-Toronto (RJY); with only those two reports of freshness it is not possible to know how many generations there were, but it must have been at least four. There were reports of nectaring on dandelion, burdock, Purple Loosestrife, Gomphrena sp., butterfly bush and “purple aster”, mostly from LJ in Ottawa. There were three reports of pairs in copula, on May 1 and on August 2 at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex (GRT), and on August 4 west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). On October 5, on Carp Road SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa, RAL found ten eggs on Charlock (Sinapis arvensis) just a few feet from some Kale which the butterflies were ignoring. Six were still visible on October 8 and he collected a few to rear; one adult emerged on November 4. There were many high counts, with twenty exceeding one hundred. On June 27 at Con. 2 in Annan, Grey, MEa reported “Hundreds on side of road and in ditch. Lots bunching together in the shade.” The highest counts were 213 on August 10 in the Hillman Marsh area, Essex (AWh, PCh), and 510 on August 3 in the SW Quadrant of Pelee Island, Essex (RJY, KRY, SuB). The latest dates were three from Metro-Toronto, singles on October 28 and 29 at Rosetta McClain Gardens (WF) and the fresh male on October 30 at South Humber Park (RJY).
40 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Southern Cloudywing at Ojibway Prairie, Essex Common Branded Skipper at Algonquin PP, Nipissing on June 20, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin) on August 23, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin)
Mating Fiery Skippers at Point Pelee NP, Essex Little Glassywing at Shorthills PP, Niagara on September 21, 2013 (photo: Bob Yukich) on June 26, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin)
Female Delaware Skipper at Ojibway Prairie, Essex Mulberry Wing at Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell on July 7, 2013 (photo: Colin Jones) on June 30, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin)
41 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Giant Swallowtail larva on Common Hop-tree at Fairnorth A dark intergrade female Eastern Tiger Swallowtail at Pelee Farm, Norfolk, September 18, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin) Island, Essex on August 3, 2013 (photo: Bob Yukich)
Melanistic Canadian Tiger Swallowtail, Sioux Lookout, Spicebush Swallowtail near Greenock, Bruce Kenora on June 28, 2013 (photo: Mike Lawrence) on June 5, 2013 (photo: Larry Novak)
Western White at Sioux Lookout, Kenora Pink-edged Sulphur at Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough on August 22, 2013 (photo: Mike Lawrence) on June 27, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin)
42 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Ascia monuste GREAT SOUTHERN WHITE
In 2013 - no records. Reported only once, in 1991 at Point Pelee NP, Essex.
Euchloe ausonides LARGE MARBLE
In 2013 - three records, the earliest one seen on June 2 at the Fraser Road sandpits, Thunder Bay (NGE). The next report, no number given, was on June 10 at Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE), and the last was of 10 seen on July 1 at Bowker, SW of Ouimet, Thunder Bay (NGE).
Euchloe olympia OLYMPIA MARBLE
In 2013 - 15 records. The first report was of one seen on May 3 on the Trans-Canada Trail, 2 km E of Sulphide, Hastings (DaE, JoH). This was followed on the 4th by three seen at two locations near Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT) and on the 5th by two seen at Whistler and Ritchie Rds. in the Constance Bay Sandhills, Ottawa (CL, BBr). There was one report from Durham, two photographed on May 19 at East Cross CA (RP) and two from Peterborough, singles on May 18 on Fire Road 83 and on May 27 on Sandy Lake Road (JB). On May 7, 25 were seen and photographed on the Cataraqui Trail, E of McGillivray Road, Frontenac (JPo, MCS). The latest reports were singles seen on May 29 south of Marmora, Hastings (PH) and on June 9 at Misery Bay PNR, Manitoulin (SCB).
Colias philodice CLOUDED SULPHUR
In 2013 - 1,039 records. The earliest reports were from East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto: one photographed on May 4 (JTu) and two seen on May 7 (BH), followed by an eight-day gap before the next report, two seen on May 15 at the Windermere Basin, Hamilton-Wentworth (RHC, GSl). There were eight reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, the earliest a total of three seen on June 1 at two locations on the East Side Hydrocut (IS, CDJ), the latest several seen on September 12 at Odenbach (LF, KSa, TRS), and oddly only seven reports from the north. On June 15 two were reported at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (DBe), and on July 30 one was caught and released at Encamp Lake, E of Martin, Kenora (SCB). On August 4 it was reported (no number given) in Emo Twp., Rainy River (DHE, MSD), and on August 8 six were seen in weed patches on the Thunder Bay waterfront (NGE). On September 9 a fresh male was seen at Moosonee, Cochrane (AW, JoV, JMB) and on September 26, one was seen at Mindemoya, Manitoulin (MSD). Finally, on October 11, one was photographed on Peyto Road, Sioux Lookout, Kenora (MiL). RCa reported large groups mud-puddling three times in Ottawa, and once, on August 28, at Winchester Bog, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry. There were three reports of mating pairs, on October 10 at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex (GRT) and near Collingwood, Simcoe (CR), and on August 18 near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa, a yellow male carrying a white female (RAL). On May 22 RJY saw a white female ovipositing on Cow Vetch in High Park, Metro-Toronto, and on August GR saw another white female ovipositing on White Clover, at Zehr’s Plaza, Listowel, Perth. In Ottawa there seemed to be more white females than usual; on September 2 near Fitzroy Harbour RAL counted 65+ including 11 whites, and on September 11, 117+ including 14 whites. The species was seen in good numbers in many places, but only 14 estimates were more than 100. These include a report of 9999, on September 7 at the Harrow Sewage Lagoon, Essex (JLH), and two of 99999, on September 6 and 18 at Silcote, Grey (MEa); let’s just say that they were very abundant on those dates! The flight season continued until very late. On August 29 CH saw one on the Prescott-Russell railtrail at Anderson Road, Ottawa, in the “morning after a heavy frost”. The latest reports were all of singles: on November 4 at the Fletcher Wildlife Garden, Ottawa (CH);
43 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______on the 5th at Rosetta McClain Gardens, Metro-Toronto (WF); and on the 7th at Sandhurst Shores, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH).
Colias eurytheme ORANGE SULPHUR
In 2013 - 396 records. Just like the previous species, the first reports were singles on May 4 at McGeachy Pond, Erieau, Kent and on May 5 at Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM), followed by a gap until May 16 when one was seen at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH). There were five reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, all singles, from July 3 at the Old Airfield (RCa) to October 12 at the Opeongo Access Point (RGT). There were three reports from Rainy River in August: on the 25th at Atikokan (DHE), on the 26th S of Stratton (DHE, MSD) and on the 30th in Dawson Twp. (MSD); one from Thunder Bay, one seen on September 1 in the Chippewa landfill (NGE); and one from Cochrane: on September 27 a worn one seen at Moosonee (AW, JoV, JMB). JCL reported egg-laying on vetch, west of Wheatley, Essex on June 13, 14, 19 and 26, and a larva on vetch on July 3. RJY reported one laying eggs on Red Clover at High Park, Metro-Toronto on June 12. GRT reported a pair in copula on July 17, and two pairs on July 21, at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex. On July 27, west of Wheatley, JCL photographed one “hiding from rain in violet leaf!” They were not as abundant as the previous species, but there were still 13 counts of 100 or more. The highest were both on August 3 on Pelee Island, Essex: 203 were counted along Parsons Road, E of Centre Dyke Road (EP, KHo), and 226 were counted in the SW Quadrant (RHY, KRY, SuB). There were 49 records after October 1, the latest on November 5, singles at Rosetta McClain Gardens (WF) and at East Point Park, Metro-Toronto (BH, JH), and on November 17 at Northwest Beach at Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM), the latest date of any species.
Colias gigantea GIANT SULPHUR
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2010 in Kenora.
Colias pelidne PELIDNE SULPHUR
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2010 in Kenora.
Colias interior PINK-EDGED SULPHUR
In 2013 - 25 records. The first report was of one seen on June 9 at Shaws Road, Sandy Lake, Harvey Twp., Peterborough (JCa). The next were of eleven seen on June 26 on Sandy Lake Road, Methuen Twp, (JB) and one photographed on the 27th at the same place (RCa), see photo on page 42. There were five reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, all at the Old Airfield, starting on July 1 with 20 seen, the highest count reported (PH, JHa), and ending on August 23, the latest date reported, a very worn one photographed (RCa). There were eight reports from the north, the earliest one on July 18 at the Hannah Bay/ East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane (JI, CHF, ACo). On July 30 a male and a female were caught and released at Encamp Lake, E of Martin, Kenora (SCB) and on August 5 a female was photographed nectaring on “pink clover” at Mackenzie Bay Road at Turkey Bay Creek, Kenora (CaE). A report on July 19 on Jim Lake Road near Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE) is the first Rainy River record since 1995. In the south there was one report from Renfrew, one photographed on June 27 at Burke’s Road, Point Alexander (JoW) and one from Muskoka, one photographed on July 9 just E of Axe Lake (GB, RSn). There were also two reports from Haliburton, on Milburn Road W of Irondale, the southernmost location reported: three caught and released on July 2 (EP, TPo) and 18 counted on July 13 (EP, JBox).
44 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Colias palaeno PALAENO SULPHUR
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2010 in Kenora.
Zerene cesonia SOUTHERN DOGFACE
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2008 at Point Pelee NP, Essex.
Phoebis sennae CLOUDLESS SULPHUR
In 2013 - six records, all very late in the year. Four were from Point Pelee NP, Essex, including the earliest, one photographed on September 4, flying north at the Tip (MJN, KAM, AW). The others were a fresh one seen on September 7 at the Tip (BAM, RPC, AW), two fresh ones heading north on September 17, S of the West Beach Parking Lot (MJN, AW) and one on September 22 flying south, 2-3 m above the ground, along the main trail on West Beach S of the Visitors Centre (RJY, KRY). On September 18 one was photographed at the tip of Long Point, Norfolk (JaCh), the first record for that county. The latest report was on October 12, a fresh one seen in flight at a weedy dike at McGeachy Pond, Erieau, Kent (BAM).
Phoebis philea ORANGE-BARRED SULPHUR
In 2013 - one record, a fresh one seen at 11 am on July 13 on Hwy 7 and Regional Road 32, W of Guelph, Wellington (JPo), the first report from Wellington.
Eurema mexicana MEXICAN YELLOW
In 2013 - no records. Only one record, in 1883 at Point Pelee, Essex.
Pyrisitia lisa LITTLE YELLOW
In 2013 - no records. Last reported from many locations in 2012.
Abaeis nicippe SLEEPY ORANGE
In 2013 - no records. Last reported from Point Pelee NP, Essex in 2012.
Nathalis iole DAINTY SULPHUR
In 2013 - one record, a worn one photographed on September 19 on the Trans-Canada Trail at Alexander St., Tweed, Hastings (JBar), the first record for Hastings.
45 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Family: LYCAENIDAE
Feniseca tarquinius HARVESTER
In 2013 - 32 records, starting with two photographed on May 26 at Lingham Road, Hastings (DaE, JoH), and one seen on May 27 at Leslie St. and Sheppard Ave., Metro-Toronto (BH). Just three reports from the north: one photographed on the Sultan Industrial Road, 2 km S of Sultan, Sudbury (CDJ, DAS); one seen on June 26 on Hwy 129, 25 km S of Chapleau, Sudbury (GB, SMD, WGL, RHC); and one caught and released on July 11 in an alder thicket in a spruce bog at Williams Bog NR, Thunder Bay (SCB). There were clearly two generations, but the only evidence of their timing is from RCa’s report on July 9 at the Howie Road extension, Ottawa: he photographed two, one worn, one fresh. On August 12 CH found two larvae on Alder (Alnus incana) with woolly aphids, on Rte. 200 in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell. On June 14 one was photographed in the New Park Area, South Trail, in McGregor Point PP, Bruce (TRa), somewhat surprisingly, the first record for Bruce. On June 16 one was photographed on the West Beach Trail at Point Pelee NP, Essex (STP), the first report from Essex since 2001. The latest two reports were from a sandy/marsh area at Mer Bleue, Ottawa: two seen on August 16 and one on September 6 (PH, JHa).
Lycaena phlaeas AMERICAN COPPER
In 2013 - 47 records. The earliest reports were on May 10, one photographed at Depot Creek NR, Frontenac (BER), and May 18, many seen at Sparrow Field, Point Pelee NP, Essex, and five photographed at the Spring Garden ANSI, Windsor, Essex (RJY, KRY). The first two generations probably overlapped around July 1: one or two worn ones were seen on June 23 at the Spring Garden ANSI (RJY, KRY) and on July 6 five fresh ones were photographed there (BAM et al). Other reports of fresh ones at the Old Airfield, Algonquin PP, Nipissing, two seen on August 16 (MWPR, RMac) and one photographed on September 24 (BAM), plus the fact of nine records in September, make it likely that there were three generations. There were nine reports from Algonquin PP, all from the Old Airfield, including the highest count, 11 on August 23 (RCa). There were four records from the north: one was photographed on September 11 at Webbwood, Sudbury (CBe); another was photographed on July 11 at William Bog NR, Thunder Bay (SCB); and there were two reports from Rainy River on August 26, one collected on Byrnes Road, Dawson Twp., only the second Rainy River record, and the first since 1978; and one photographed in the McGinnis Creek Area (DHE, MSD). There were no reports of nectaring, or immatures, but JK reported seeing three on June 23, south of Utica, Durham, in a “dry meadow with Sheep Sorrel” (Rumex acetosella), the larval foodplant. The latest report was of two seen on September 30 at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (KaB).
Lycaena dione GRAY COPPER
In 2013 - no records since July 18, 2001 at Keewatin, Kenora.
Lycaena hyllus BRONZE COPPER
In 2013 - 65 records. The season started with a report (no number given) on June 14 at the Carden Alvar, Kawartha Lakes (WDA, BeP, JI, RJPi), and one seen on June 15 at Depot Creek NR, Frontenac (KFN). A worn one seen on July 13 at Hillman Marsh, Essex (BAM) marks the end of the first generation, at least in the far southwest. Fresh ones on September 5 at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (DBr), on September 25 on the Cataraqui Trail E of Yarker, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH) and on September 28 at Shoeless Joe’s, Leamington, Essex (GRT) mark the third generation. There were no fresh second-generation ones reported;
46 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______the twelve fresh ones on August 2, in a sedge fen at the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, on James Bay, Cochrane (MWB, RWo, ABu), undoubtedly represent the first and only generation there. There were six other reports from there, the latest on August 12, and with another count of twelve on August 10; this was the highest number reported anywhere. There were three reports from Thunder Bay: on June 29 two larvae were found on Dock (Rumex sp.) at the Kakabeka Falls generating station, and adults were seen twice at the Thunder Bay city landfill, five on August 10 and six on the 11th (NGE). On July 17 one was photographed on the Eady Farm, 3 km NE of Eagle River, Kenora (CaE), and on August 4, in the first of five reports from Rainy River, two were photographed at Emo Road & Carpenter Road, in Emo Twp. (DHE, MSD)—this is the first report from Rainy River since 1995. On September 8 one was seen nectaring on New England Aster, near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa (RAL), and on October 10 and 11 worn ones were photographed nectaring on Fleabane (Erigeron sp.) on a weedy dyke at Blenheim Sewage Lagoon, Kent (BAM); these were the latest reports.
Lycaena epixanthe BOG COPPER
In 2013 - 26 records, starting with five seen on June 26 at the Mer Bleue, Ottawa (PH), two fresh males photographed on June 27 at Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (RCa), and twelve photographed on June 30 at the Mer Bleue (RCa). There were six reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting with 43 seen at Bab Lake on Sunday Lake Road (CDJ, STJ) and ending with one seen on July 28 at Spruce Bog Boardwalk (RMa), the latest report from the south. Three photographed on July 13 on an Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH) represent the first record from Lennox & Addington. There was one report from Algoma, 50 seen on July 14 on Red Rock Road, Prince Twp (DBe) and four from Cochrane, all at the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp (MVB, RWO, ABu: they reported one on August 2, one on the 3rd, two on the 5th and one on the 10th, the latest date of all. In the south there were seven reports from Haliburton, including an estimate of 100 on July 11 at a kettle lake near Lochlin Fen (EP, BER) and a count of 63 on July 13, near the end of Warder Road, NW of Lochlin (EP, JBox, TLa); these were the two highest counts.
Lycaena dorcas DORCAS COPPER
In 2013 - six records, all but one from the north. The earliest report was of dozens photographed in a semi- open graminoid fen on July 11 at the William Bog NR, Thunder Bay (SCB). Next were four photographed on July 22 in an alvar at Petrel Point near Red Bay, Bruce (BAM). There were two records from Rainy River, one photographed on July 25 at Frog Creek Road, Miscampbell Twp, the first Rainy River record since 2000 (MSD), and another photographed on July 28 at Jim Lake Road, near Atikokan (DHE). On July 29 one was caught and released in a clearcut with blueberries and boggy patches at Encamp Lake, E of Martin, Kenora, and on July 30 at least 25 were seen and some caught and released in a fen area on Cloven Lake Road, S of Martin, Kenora (SCB).
Lycaena helloides PURPLISH COPPER
In 2013 – no records. Last reported in 2012, north of Sault Ste. Marie, Algoma.
47 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Satyrium acadica ACADIAN HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 98 records. The earliest were one photographed on June 25 near Zehr’s Plaza, Listowel, Perth (GR), one seen on June 26 in Wainfleet Marsh, Niagara (RCa), and two photographed on June 30 at Clarence-Cambridge Road near Grant Road, Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (RCa). There were no reports from Algonquin PP and only six from the north, all from Rainy River. The earliest there was one photographed on July 17 at Devlin (MSD), the first from Rainy River since 2005, and the latest were sightings on August 4 in Emo and La Vallee Twps. (DHe, MSD). In the south there were 13 reports from Peterborough, between July 6 and 30; these include the two highest counts, 12 on July 8 on the railtrail between Cameron and County Road 38 (JB) and 34 on July 12 on County Road 46 north of Sandy Lake Road (JB, TB). There were also 15 reports from Listowel, Perth, between July 3 and August 10, all but two in the new marsh created in 2007 (GR). There was just one report of nectaring, one on Meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia), caught and released at Peter’s Marsh, 12 km west of Barry’s Bay, Renfrew (RAL). The latest dates were the two on August 4 in Rainy River, and the last one from Listowel on August 10.
Satyrium titus CORAL HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 60 records. The first report was on July 1, two photographed at the Sharon Gun Club, York (MFi). This was followed on July 6 by seven reports from seven different counties, from Essex in the south, three photographed in a weedy field at Brunet Park, Windsor (BAM et al) to Haliburton in the north, one seen at Ritchie Falls, Lochlin (EP, PCar, JBox). There was one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, two seen on July 22 at Basin Depot (MWPR), and two from the north, in Rainy River. These were one photographed on July 29 on Carlson Road at Emo Road, Emo Twp., only the second Rainy River record and the first since 1960, and another one photographed on the same day at Norris Road at Burris Road West in La Vallee Twp. (MSD). The only report of nectaring was one seen at Joe-Pye-Weed on Stony Creek N of Bottle Lake, Kawartha Highlands PP, Peterborough (JK, LKa). The highest counts were 13 seen on July 20 on Sandy Lake Road, south of Fire Road 83, Peterborough (RP, JS) and 16 on July 13 on Milburn Road, W of Irondale, Haliburton (EP, JBox). The last report was of one seen on August 11 at Tobermory, Bruce (CWe).
Satyrium edwardsii EDWARD’S HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - ten records, starting with one seen on June 26 at Reid CA, Lambton (BAM). This was followed by three reports on July 6: three photographed on Hungry Lake Road, N of Kennebec Road, Lennox & Addington (RCa); seven photographed at Spring Garden Prairie, Windsor, Essex (BAM et al); and 12 counted on an outing of the Peterborough Field Naturalists on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB). The highest count was 23, on July 12 on Sandy Lake Road (JB, TB). There was one record from Norfolk, two seen on July 31 at Lake Erie Farms, Walsingham (EP, KHo, JiH). On July 19 BAM reported a worn one at Reid CA, but there were four reports later than that, with the latest, a very worn individual, seen on August 5 at Charleston Lake PP, Leeds-Grenville (JKer).
48 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Satyrium calanus BANDED HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 92 records. The earliest reports were on June 26, three photographed at Reid CA, Lambton (BAM) and three seen on Fire Road 68 near Twin Lakes, Peterborough (JB). On July 6 there were seven reports, from seven different counties, Durham, Frontenac, Hastings, Leeds-Grenville, Lennox & Addington, Peterborough and Prescott-Russell. There were seven reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, all but the first one at the Visitor Centre. That first report was of one seen on July 11 nectaring in a small patch of Milkweed on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM); the latest was of two seen on July 29 at the Visitor Centre (BFo). There were three other reports of nectaring, on Indian Hemp (Apocynum cannabinum) on July 14 at Lincoln Ave., Metro-Toronto (RJY); on Milkweed on July 18 at the Scorpionfly Gardens, Scarbrough, Metro-Toronto (RKi); and on Queen Anne’s Lace on July 21at the Bruce Pit, Bells Corners, Ottawa (ChB).
RAL had two odd experiences with this species, at his home near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa. On July 7, on a high roof, one landed on his daughter’s shoulder, and was collected by hand for identification. Then on July 14 one landed on a large piece of green sheet metal roofing while it was being cut on an incredibly noisy table saw, landing less than a foot from the blade in the storm of miniature shrapnel coming from it. He later laid out several small pieces of the green roofing to attract more hairstreaks, but none took the “bait”. These were the first records from that location since 1998.
On July 13, at a cottage on the north side of Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville, RT watched a pair of Banded Hairstreaks in a courtship dance. It “took place in a space about 25 feet in diameter and 30 feet in height. They generally maintained a spacing of 4 inches to one foot, and periodically stopped briefly, possibly for a rest, on the deck railing or a tree”. The dance lasted for 25 minutes and resumed the following day, July 14, when RT also saw a second pair in such a dance, about 6 km away.
There were just four counts of more than ten, the highest 30 on July 20 on Fire Road 34, off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (EP, DBa, MC), and 42 on July 12 on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB). The latest reports were one seen on August 9 at South Field/Sparrow Field at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR), and one photographed on August 15 on the Cataraqui Trail, E of McGillivray Road, Frontenac (JPo, BER).
Satyrium caryaevorus HICKORY HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 11 records beginning with a sighting (no number given) on June 21 near a large woodlot on Somerville Road, Niagara (JaHo), and two reports on June 30: one seen at the Office at Charleston Lake PP, Leeds-Grenville (CPR) and one photographed on the Cataraqui Trail, E of McGillivray Road, Frontenac (JPo, BER). On July 12, eleven were counted on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB) and on July 21 two were photographed on the Pangham Trail, off Opinicon Road, Frontenac (JPo, MCS). These two reports were the only ones with more than one seen. The latest date was also the northernmost record, one photographed on July 26 on Haskins Road, south of Burritts Rapids, Leeds-Grenville (BeLa).
Satyrium liparops STRIPED HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 65 records. First reports were on July 2, two caught and released on Milburn Rd, W of Irondale, Haliburton (EP, TPo), and on July 5, one photographed at Con. 10 in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (RCa). These were followed by three reports on July 6: one at Lochlin Fen and another at Ritchie Falls near
49 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Lochlin, Haliburton (EP, PCar, JBox), and three seen on an outing of the Peterborough Field Naturalists on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB). There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, eight seen on Basin Lake Road on July 11 (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM) and three at Basin Depot on July 22 (MWPR). On July 30 four were caught and released on Cloven Lake Road, S of Martin, Kenora (SCB). On August 11 one was photographed on Current Ave., in the City of Thunder Bay (EWi). There were four reports from Rainy River, at Devlin on July 10, 12 and 15 (MSD) and two photographed on August 9 on Sunshine Road, near Atikokan (DHE). One was photographed on July 12 nectaring on Milkweed at the Scorpionfly Gardens, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (RKi), and another was photographed nectaring on Queen Anne’s Lace on July 25 at the Bruce Pit, Bells Corners, Ottawa (ChB). There were just three reports of more than ten: 17 seen on July 20 at Fire Road 34, off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (EP, DBa, MC), and, at the Burnt River at Milburn Road, Haliburton, 25 on July 11 (EP, BER) and 42 seen, some of them photographed on July 10 (EP). The latest reports were on August 10, one photographed at Lambs Road, 5 km NE of Fenelon Falls, Kawartha Lakes (SuB), and the one photographed on August 11 at Thunder Bay, mentioned above.
Fixsenia favonius SOUTHERN (OAK) HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - two records, on June 26 and 29, each time a fresh one photographed on a woodland edge, at Reid CA, 8 km N of Wallaceburg, Lambton (BAM).
Callophrys gryneus JUNIPER HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 18 records, starting on May 18 with one photographed 1.5 km W of Tweed, Hastings (JaK), and on May 20, three seen on the Trans-Canada Trail east of Tweed (JBar, JaK) and 31 counted, and some photographed, on the Odessa Alvar, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). There were four reports from south of Marmora, Hastings, between May 31 (JB, RJY, KRY) and June 19 (RCa). On June 15 one was photographed in a pasture at Pollard Road & Porter Rd at Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT), the northernmost Ontario record ever. This first generation was seen until June 30, when one was photographed on a side link of the Rideau Trail, off Opinicon Road, Frontenac (BER, JPo) and a very worn one was photographed 3.5 km N of Conway, Lennox & Addington (DaE). The second generation was reported three times, starting with a fresh one photographed on July 29 at the Odessa Alvar, Lennox & Addington (DaE). In Essex there were no reports of the first generation.The three reports from there were all in Point Pelee NP: on August 2 one photographed at the Visitor Centre, nectaring deep inside the flower head of a Swamp Rose-Mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) (RJY, KRY); and on August 10 one seen on the west side of the Tip (JKer) and another in a Red Cedar savannah somewhere in the Park (BAM, STP et al). This was the latest date, equalled by a last report from the east, one photographed at Point Petre, Prince Edward (DaE, JoH).
Callophrys augustinus BROWN ELFIN
In 2012 - On May 19 AnBe photographed two in the Luther Marsh, one on each side of the E West Luther Township Road. This road is the county line between Wellington on the west side and Dufferin on the east. The records are the first for Dufferin and the second for Wellington.
In 2013 - 30 records. The earliest records were singles photographed (see photo on page 53) on May 1 at the Wainfleet Bog at the Erie Peat Road access, Niagara (RCa), the first report from there since 1969, and on May 3 at the J.D.Hodgson School yard, Haliburton (EP). There were four reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, from May 9, one at the north end of Opeongo Rd (RaD, DSh) to May 30, six seen at the Spruce Bog Boardwalk (KeMo, JB). There were three reports from the north, one seen on May 16 on Minto St.,
50 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Webbwood, Sudbury (TRa, CBe), two on June 9 at Geneva Creek, 1.5 km W of Moon Lake, Sudbury (CDJ, DAS, PSB), and on June 4 at Raft Lake Road near Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE). In the south, one was reported from the Sifton Bog on May 8 at London, Middlesex; it landed on the boardwalk and was photographed (MiC). There were five reports from the Blueberry Trail at Ellice Swamp, Perth (GR, AM): four on May 5, seven males on May 8, two on May 15, four on May 19 and one on May 26, a “very worn female, appeared to be looking for sites to lay eggs on Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.)”. The highest counts were 21 on May 14 at the Spruce Bog Boardwalk in Algonquin PP (KC), and 24 on May 17 at Brinklow Bog, Hastings (DaE, JoH). The latest date was June 19, a very worn one seen at Brinklow Bog (DaE, JoH).
Callophrys polios HOARY ELFIN
In 2013 - 11 records. The first reports were two photographed on May 6 in a burn area NW of Bishop Davis Dr., Constance Bay, Ottawa (RCa), and on the 7th when 15 were seen, some mudpuddling at muddy spots on the road, on Con. 12 W on the Burntlands, Lanark (RCa, MWPR). There was one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: May 27 at Wolf Howl Pond (LF, VGo). There was one record from Kenora: one caught and released on May 22 at Scotch River, W of Hwy 17 (SCB)—the first report from Kenora. One photographed on May 27 at Marathon, Thunder Bay was the latest record of the year. The highest counts were at the Burnt Lands, off Golden Line Road, Ottawa: on May 14 PH saw and photographed 16; on May 8th RAL counted 23, always closely associated with the larval foodplant, Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva- ursi), one nectaring on it, and two pairs either fighting or courting over it. On May 20 CH saw five at the same place, the latest date from the south.
Callophrys irus FROSTED ELFIN
In 2013 - No records. Extirpated in Ontario, last reported on May 22, 1988 at St. Williams Forestry Station, Norfolk.
Callophrys henrici HENRY’S ELFIN
In 2013 - 36 records. The earliest reports were on May 1, one photographed at the Jackpine Trail, Bells Corners, Ottawa (MLa) and one seen on the Kaladar Trail, 2.7 km E of Hwy 41, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). On May 20 one was seen at Mew Lake, Algonquin PP, Nipissing (KeMo). Apart from that one, the northernmost reports were all from Ottawa, 28 reports in all. There was one report from Frontenac: two seen on May 7 on the Cataraqui Trail E of McGillivray Road (JPo, MCS); two from Hastings: six seen on May 3 on the Trans-Canada Trail E of Sulphide and two seen on May 17 at the Brinklow Bog (DaE, JoH); and two more from Lennox & Addington: one seen on May 8 at the Menzel Centennial NR, and one on May 17 on Hartsmere Road at Calverys Landing (DaE, JoH). The highest count was 13, observed on May 7 on a forest road at Greenbelt Trail 26, Ottawa (CBr): he walked the trail twice that day, in the morning and again in the afternoon; there were far less butterflies in the afternoon. The latest dates were also from Ottawa, one seen on June 1 at the Mer Bleue (PH, RJY, KRY), and one photographed on June 3 on the Mud Pond Trail off Kerwin Road (JKer, CFER).
Callophrys lanoraieensis BOG ELFIN
In 2013 - one record, four seen and photographed (see photo on page 53) on June 1 at the Newington Bog, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry (PH, RJY, KRY).
51 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Callophrys niphon EASTERN PINE ELFIN
In 2013 - 83 records. First reports were on May 1, two seen on the Kaladar Trail, 3.3 km E of Hwy 41, Lennox & Addington, and on May 3: two on the Trans-Canada Trail 2 km E of Sulphide, Hastings (DaE, JoH) and one at Second Depot Lake, Frontenac (JPo, MCS). There were six reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between May 7 when two were seen on the Visitor Centre tilebed (TRS) to June 15 when two were seen at Mew Lake (KeMo, JB). There were six reports from the north, including four from Sudbury: on June 6, 2.7 km ESE of Pot Lake, and 2 km SE of Sultan (CDJ, DAS), on the 7th on the Opikinimika River at Crater Road (CDJ, DAS, PSB, CRi), and on the 9th three seen, one very worn and two fresh, 2.2 km E of Spanish Lake (CDJ, DAS, PSB). On June 9 three were caught and released at the Misery Bay PNR, Manitoulin (SCB) and on June 26 two were photographed at the camp on Basket Lake, Kenora (BBu). On May 20 CWe reported one on the Owen Point Trail, Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland, resting in the middle of the trail to the beach, this is only the second record for the Park. Five days later on May 25 JD saw one along the shoreline at Sandbanks, PP, Prince Edward, the first record for Prince Edward; are they moving south into this area? On June 9, RCa reported one nectaring on New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus), at Bishop Davis Drive, Constance Bay, Ottawa. On May 7, nine seen at the Burntlands on Con. 12 W, Lanark, were mostly puddling at muddy spots along the roadway (RCa, MWPR). GR reported sightings for the Ellice Swamp, Perth, six times between May 5 and June 9; on May 26 he reported four, all females, and saw one eaten by a dragonfly, a male Common Whitetail. Counts were usually very low with only three exceeding ten: 14 on May 19 on the Blueberry Trail at Ellice Swamp (GR); 32 on May 18 at the first creek crossing on Sherbourne Lake Road, Haliburton (EP, DBi); and an estimate of 50 on May 7, in the Northumberland County Forest, off Hwy 45, NW of Cobourg, Northumberland (RFr). There were three very late counts: a very worn individual on June 23 on Pinegate Road, SW of Utica, Durham (PCl, JK), the Kenora record on June 26, and the latest, one seen on July 6 on the railtrail near Francis Road, Gelert, Haliburton (EP, PCar, JBox).
Callophrys eryphon WESTERN PINE ELFIN
In 2013 - 13 records, starting with two on May 18 at Fletcher Lake, Haliburton, one at the boat launch, and another on the creek below the dam on Livingstone Lake Road (EP, DBi). There were three reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: at Mew Lake, eight on May 20 (KeMo) and five on May 30 (KeMo, JB), and at Wolf Howl Pond, a few seen on May 26 (LF, VGo). On June 5 one was photographed on Raft Lake Road, near Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE). On June 6 two were seen 2 km E of Sultan, Sudbury (CDJ, DAS). On June 9 there were four more reports from Sudbury: just west of Cartier; two at Geneva Creek, one photographed (see photo on page 53); a female collected on Fox Lake Road, 3.6 km SE of Island Lake; and four were seen 2.2 km E of Spanish Lake, one worn, three immaculate (CDJ, DAS, PSB). On June 14 SCB caught and released two at the Musselwhite Mine near Opapimiskan Lake, Kenora, on a sandy ridge with Jack Pine and spruce , and on June 17 she photographed one at Skinner Lake, Kenora, 10 km N of the Musselwhite Mine, in a Black Spruce Bog.
Parrhasius m-album WHITE M HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - two records. On May 2 a fresh one was photographed at the Visitor Centre at Rondeau PP, Kent (BAM, RMa, ESl, DWu). Most previous records are migrants in August or September, with just three earlier records in June, the earliest one on June 13. It seems almost certain that this one must have just emerged from an over-wintered pupa—a Canadian first! The other record was at the more normal date of September 8, one seen on an isolated patch of goldenrod at West Beach, Point Pelee, Essex (AW).
52 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Juniper Hairstreak at Marmora, Hastings Brown Elfin at Wainfleet Bog., Niagara
on May 31, 2013 (photo: Bob Yukich) on May 1, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin)
Worn Bog Eflin at Newington Bog., Stormont-Dundas- Western Pine Elfin at Geneva Creek., Sudbury Glengarry on June 1, 2013 (photo: Bob Yukich) on June 9, 2013 (photo: Colin Jones)
Early Hairstreak at Mountainview Rd, Renfrew Atlantis Fritillary near Dinorwic, Kenora on May 18, 2013 (photo: Rick Cavasin) on July 28, 2013 (photo: Ellen Riggins)
53 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Freija Fritillary W of Wakami Lake PP, Sudbury Arctic Fritillary at Lac Seul, Kenora on June 5, 2013 (photo: Colin Jones) on August 5, 2013 (photo: Carolle Eady)
Baltimore Checkerspot at Ojibway Prairie, Essex Mourning Cloaks mating beneath a log at Limerick Forest on June 23, 2013 (photo: Bob Yukich) Trail, Leeds-Grenville on June 2 (photo: Bea Laporte)
Common Ringlet feeding on scat at McArton Rd, Ottawa Jutta Arctic at Mer Bleue Bog, Ottawa on August 21, 2013 (photo: Rick Casavin) on June 1, 2013 (photo: Bob Yukich)
54 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Strymon melinus GRAY HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - 19 records. There was just one report of the first generation of the resident population: one seen on June 1 on the East Side Hydrocut, in Algonquin PP, Nipissing, during the East Side Count (CDJ). The other ten reports of the residents start with one photographed on July 18 on Echo Lake Road, Frontenac (BER) and two seen on July 23 on County Road 46 north of Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB). The highest count was six, on July 30 on an Ontario Hydro Road south of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). The first of the eight reports of migrants in the southwest was on August 3, one seen on NCC property south of Brown’s Road, Pelee Island, Essex (EP, KHo). Fresh ones reported at Point Pelee NP, Essex, on August 23 at Sparrow Field (GRT) and on September 14 at West Beach and Sparrow Field (RCa, JL) indicate two generations there. The highest count of this population was two, at several places. The latest reports of migrants were two photographed on September 17 at James N. Allan PP, Haldimand (RCa) and two seen on September 25 at Monarch Landing, 1 km E of Port Burwell, Elgin (AaA).
Erora laeta EARLY HAIRSTREAK
In 2013 - eight records, the first one on May 7, one photographed at McKechnie Lake, Parry Sound (RSn, MSni), This was followed on May 18 by one photographed NW of Partridge Lake, Haliburton (EP, DBi), and on May 27 by another report from McKechnie Lake, two photographed nectaring on Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) flowers. The other reports were all from Mountainview Road, SW of Killaloe, Renfrew. EA saw one on May 14 and two on May 20. On May 18 he led the group of RAL, RCa, JBre, ChRe and RAn to see another one, photographed by several people, see photo on page 53. On May 27 RAL saw three at this location between 11:50 and noon, a male, a female and one unknown.
Leptotes marina MARINE BLUE
In 2013 - No records since 2008 at Toronto, Mississauga and Leamington.
Cupido comyntas EASTERN TAILED BLUE
In 2013 - 593 records. The season started with eight seen on May 9 at Eglinton Flats, Metro-Toronto (RJY) and two on May 10 at Rondeau PP, Kent (BAM). There were an amazing 16 reports from eight locations in Algonquin PP, Nipissing, where this species is normally fairly rare, starting on June 15 when two were seen on Hwy 60 at km 8 (KeMo, JB) and ending on September 12, when one was seen at Odenbach (LF, KSa, TRS). The only northern records were five from Rainy River, between July 21, one seen at Atikokan (DHE) and August 26, one photographed in the McGinnis Creek area (DHE, MSD). There were four reports from Muskoka, including three at Bracebridge Ponds, on June 9, July 11 and July 13 (BTa); these are the first records from Muskoka. Two in Oxford, on September 1 on Township Road 6, Innerkip (JCa) were, very surprisingly, the first recorded from that county. There were reports of fresh individuals on July 7 and 20, and a report on July 11 of one ovipositing on Cow Vetch at Bruce Power near Tiverton, Bruce (TRa). These three reports indicate the start of the second generation. Six reports of freshness between August 12 and September 3 mark the start of the third generation, and six more between October 2 and17 indicate the fourth. This is the minimum number of generations, there may well have been more. There were just two reports of nectaring, on June 9 on Cow Vetch near Christie Lake, Lanark (RAL) and on October 13 on Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum) at the Bruce Pit, Bells Corners, Ottawa (ChB). Most reports were of low numbers, but there were 46 reports of ten or more. The highest were estimates of 75, on August 10 in the Hillman Marsh area, Essex (AWh, PCh) and 100 on Bulmer’s Road, 6 km NE of Fenelon Falls,
55 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Kawartha Lakes (SuB). The latest reports were on October 17, a fresh one photographed at High Park, Metro-Toronto (RJY) and one seen at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (KaB), and on October 18, one seen at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH, JH).
Cupido amyntula WESTERN TAILED BLUE
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2012 in Thunder Bay.
Celastrina lucia SPRING AZURE
In 2013 - 408 records, starting more than a month later than in 2012. The first was one seen on April 26 at Skunks Misery, Middlesex (AWh), followed by three reports on April 27 at Point Pelee NP, Essex (JLH, MBB, BAM, STP). The next day, April 28, reports started coming in from further north and east: one seen at Elmbrook Road, Prince Edward (JD); one at the end of Garvin Road, W of Richmond, Ottawa (MOl); and four on Con. 9 in Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (CH). There were 11 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting with one seen on May 8 at Hidden Lake (CB), and ending on June 15, six at Mew Lake and two on Hwy 60 at km 8 (KeMo, JB). In the north, on May 27, CBe saw one at Pancake Bay PP, Algoma. There were three reports from Sudbury, on June 6 SE of Sultan (CDJ, DAS) and on June 9 on Geneva Creek and E of Spanish Lake (CDJ, DAS, PSB). There were four reports from Thunder Bay, between June 8, one seen at Alice Ave. (NGE) and July 6, three caught and released at the Bowman Island NR, (SCB). There were five reports from Kenora, between May 22 when three were caught and released at Scotch River, W of Hwy 17 (SCB), and June 26 with one photographed at Basket Lake camp (BBu). There were eight reports from Rainy River, seven from Devlin between May 26 and June 13 (MSD) and a report of many at Atikokan on June 6 (DHE).
In the south there were ten reports of immatures, nine of them from Mersea Road 6, west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL), larvae between June 29 and July 5 and a pupa on July 9, all on Roughleaf Dogwood (Cornus drummondii). On July 7 TRa found a 5th instar larva on the DU Tower Trail at McGregor Point PP, Bruce, on a plant with four-petalled flowers, possibly another species of dogwood. Most reports were of low numbers but there were 45 of ten or more. The three highest were on the Blueberry Trail at Ellice Swamp, Perth: 61 on May 19 and 62 on May 8 (GR, AM), and 80 on May 26 (GR). Most of the latest dates are larvae, or from the far north. The latest adult reports from the south were on June 22, one seen on a TEA Field Trip at the east trails of Conestoga Marsh, Wellington (GR, CK, SLa), one seen on June 25 at the same place (GR).
There were four interesting reports late in the season from the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane. Individuals were seen on July 20, 24 and 30 (JI, CHF, ACo) and on August 10 (MVB, RWo, ABu). From further south, on such a late date, it would be assumed that these were Summer Azures but they certainly look more like a Spring Azure. It is possible that they are second generation Spring Azures but this seems unlikely since it is now thought that the Spring Azure only has a single generation (those later individuals now belonging to either Cherry Gall or Summer Azure). With the many splits that have occurred relatively recently with the Celastrina complex it is quite possible that these northern individuals are yet another undescribed species. It would be worthwhile to try and collect specimens from these northern populations and attempt to gather information on larval foodplants.
56 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Celastrina neglecta SUMMER AZURE
In 2013 - 511 records. The first reports were from the far southwest, on May 26 two seen at Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM), and on May 29, two at the Tip (AW). Also on May 29, at the Superstore, Leamington, Essex, 16 were seen ovipositing on dogwood buds along a white cedar fence overgrown with wild grape. On June 5, in Leamington, eight males were seen defending territory along a row of dogwoods (GRT). The earliest reports in the rest of the province were on June 12, four seen at High Park, Metro-Toronto (RJY), and on June 13, two seen at the Thompson Tract, at the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR). There were ten reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, the first on July 11 when ten were seen (the highest count in the Park) on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM), and the latest on August 24, one seen at Found Lake (RMa). There were five reports from Rainy River, two photographed on July 23 on Hwy 600 at Wilson Creek Road (DHE, MSD), and one on June 24 on Hwy 619, N of Pinewood (MSD). There were two reports from Devlin on August 4 and 5, and a very late one was seen on September 30, at the Alberton Peatlands Interpretive Centre in Alberton Twp. (MSD). He commented “its underside looks more like a Spring Azure”.
Fresh individuals reported in Essex on July 25 and 29 (JCL) and on August 3 (GRT) signify the start of the second generation. Further north this happened a little later, on August 12 at Waterloo (JuRe) and on August 14 in Bruce (TRa, CBe). On June 24, at Listowel, Perth, GR saw one oviposit on Grey Dogwood (Cornus racemosa) and collected the egg for rearing. On August 3, on Oak St W, Leamington, GRT saw 21 adults, and watched a female deposit six eggs on soybeans, the eggs laid “not near the flowers but on the leaf petioles”. And on September 26, at Forest Ave., Leamington, he saw a male, and a female ovipositing on a Perilla sp. cultivar. On July 17, on Mersea Road 6, west of Wheatley, Essex, JCL saw the emergence of a Summer Azure adult from a pupa which developed from a Spring Azure larva, one which he had photographed since July 5. This agrees precisely with what RAL has found at Ottawa, but is believed to be the first time it has been reported in the southwest. There were 76 counts of ten or more, and ten of more than fifty, all of these from Essex; the highest were 202 on June 21 at Point Pelee NP (RJY, KRY) and 683 on August 3 in the SW quadrant of Pelee Island (RJY, KRY, SuB). The latest dates were September 29, a worn one seen at the Group Campground at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (DaE, JoH), on September 30, one seen at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (KaB), and October 11, one photographed on the Lowe Road extension, S of Manion Corners, Ottawa (MOl).
Celastrina serotina CHERRY GALL AZURE
In 2013 - 20 records. The first one reported was one seen on May 22 laying eggs on cherry galls on the railtrail between Cameron and County Road 38, Peterborough (JB), followed on May 30 by two seen on Ridge Road, near the Mer Bleue, Ottawa (PH) and one perfectly fresh individual seen on May 30 near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa (RAL). On June 2, on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough, RJY reported a female with wings open “near small Chokecherries (Prunus virginiana) with abundant galls”. On June 5 GRT reported the same at Leamington, Essex, as did DA on June 13 near Almonte, Lanark. On June 11 at Listowel, Perth, GR photographed a “female larger than a Spring Azure and marked below as a Cherry Gall Azure”. It laid an egg on Eastern Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius). He collected and reared it, producing on July 9 a butterfly which looked very much like a Summer Azure. This agrees with what RAL found some years ago when he reared Cherry Gall Azures: while most pupae do not eclose until the following spring, a few do, producing adults resembling Summer Azures. On June 13, at Listowel, GR photographed two females, again larger than Spring Azures, one in a wings-open position rarely seen in Summer Azures. And on June 14 he saw another, larger than a Spring Azure, marked like a Cherry Gall Azure, on the east
57 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______trails at Conestoga Marsh, Wellington; This is the first record from Wellington. On June 13 RAL photographed a 7 mm, fourth-instar larva on galls near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa. TRa photographed a larva on June 23, June 29 and July 7, this last time in the company of two other larvae; this was on the South Trail in the New Park Area of McGregor PP, Bruce. The last adult report was of a worn female on July 6 at the Burnt River at Milburn Road, Haliburton (EP, PCar, JBox); identification was based on its worn condition, as compared with fresh Summer Azures.
Glaucopsyche lygdamus SILVERY BLUE
In 2013 - 244 records, starting with one seen on May 7 west of McCarthy Woods, Ottawa (RT). On May 14, there were seven reports, all from Ottawa: at five locations near McCarthy Woods, including photos of nectaring on dandelion and Wild Strawberry (RT), at the Bruce Pit, Bells Corners (CBr) and on the Burntlands off Golden Line Road (PH). There were three reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: a total of four seen on June 1 at two locations on the East Side hydrocut (CDJ) and ten counted on June 15 on Hwy 60 at km 8 (KeMo, JB); there was also one additional record from Nipissing, outside of Algonquin: one seen on July 1 on Sunset Trail Road, Whitney (RCa). There were four reports from the north: one seen on June 8 just NE of Morin Village, Sudbury (CDJ, DAS, PSB, CRi); and three reports from Thunder Bay: singles on June 8, June 30 and July 13, at Alice Ave. (NGE). Eight fresh ones were seen on May 20 at the Wilson Tract, Norfolk (RJY, KRY). This equals a 2012 record for the southernmost report of our subspecies couperi: only two old Point Pelee records are from further south and they are almost certainly of a different subspecies. On June 20 one was seen puddling on wet mud at the Mississippi Snye at Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa (RAL). There were three reports of pairs in copula, on June 5, 15 and 20 at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (KAn). There were 23 reports of ten or more, but no really high numbers; the highest were 27 on June 15 at East Cross CA, Durham (RP) and 35 on June 5 on Con. 8, 5 km SE of Morewood, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry (JKer, CFER). On June 27, at Copeland Road, Richmond, Ottawa, LJ saw one so worn that it appeared almost brown in colour. In the south the last reports were just a few days later, on June 30 on Fifth Line Road, Ottawa (CGa), on July 1 the report from Whitney, mentioned above, and on July 2 on the railtrail between David Fife and Baseline, Peterborough (JB). In the north the latest report was the July 13 report from Thunder Bay.
Plebejus idas NORTHERN BLUE
In 2013 - No records. Last reported in 2011 near Dorion, Thunder Bay.
Plebejus melissa samuelis KARNER BLUE
In 2013 - No records. Extirpated in Ontario. Not seen since 1991, at the Manestra Tract at St. Williams Forestry Station, Norfolk.
Plebejus saepiolus GREENISH BLUE
In 2013 - one record, one seen on June 29 at Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE)—the first Rainy River record since 1978
Plebejus glandon ARCTIC BLUE
In 2013 - no records, last reported in 2012 at Polar Bear PP, Kenora.
58 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Family: NYMPHALIDAE
Libytheana carinenta AMERICAN SNOUT
In 2013 - 18 records. The season began with a very early immigrant on April 27 at the Blue Heron Picnic Area at Point Pelee NP, Essex (GRT); it had extreme wear on the trailing edges of the wings. No more were seen until July—the normal May migration did not occur. On July 23 JPo photographed one at his home in Kingston, Frontenac, nectaring on Sea Holly (Eryngium maritimum); this is the first record for Frontenac. On August 6 RHo saw a worn one at his home in Pakenham, Lanark, another first county record. There was a second report on August 6, from Campers Cove Road, Kent (GRT) and the latest of all, one seen on September 11 at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (KaB). All other reports were from Essex, including the highest count, 31 on August 22 at Sparrow Field, Point Pelee NP (GRT); these were “mostly fresh, some dark marked, some light marked”.
Agraulis vanillae GULF FRITILLARY
In 2013 - No records. Reported just once, in 2010 at Rondeau PP, Kent.
Euptoieta claudia VARIEGATED FRITILLARY
In 2013 - 11 records. The first reports were on July 21, at Con. 8, Southgate, Grey (FJU) and one seen at Con. 12 and West Quarter Line Road, W of Langton, Norfolk (WGL, KAM), “an exceptionally worn individual with a large piece of the left forewing missing”. These few migrants clearly had some breeding success: on September 5, at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk, KaB saw a fresh individual which appeared to be drying its wings in the sunshine. On September 11 one was photographed in the Burnt Lands PP, SW of Burnt Lands Road, Ottawa (RCa), only the second Ottawa record and the first since 1955. And on September 14 BAM photographed a fresh one at a stand of goldenrod on the Marsh Trail at Rondeau PP, Kent. The highest count was two, on September 7 at Listowel, Perth, “a small male flying quickly and a larger female on New England Aster (GR). The latest report was on September 30, when GRT photographed one at Leamington, Essex.
Speyeria cybele GREAT SPANGLED FRITILLARY
In 2013 - 596 records. The first two reports were on June 19: one seen at O’Neill Road, NW of Oxford Station, Leeds-Grenville (RAL) and two at the Ojibway Prairie, Windsor, Essex, on the trail across the road from the Nature Centre (DwM). The next day, June 20, RCa saw a total of five at two locations at Ojibway Prairie. There were 25 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting on July 11 with 20 seen on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM) and ending on August 31 with two very worn ones seen at the Old Airfield (LF). The highest count in the Park was 25, on July 31 on Martin Lake Road (IS, RMa). On July 14 one was seen on Red Rock Road, Prince Twp., Algoma (DBe). On August 30 a worn one was seen on a rocky shoreline at Bluff Point, on the Main Channel of the French River, French River PP, Manitoulin (JK). There were eight reports from Thunder Bay, seven of them from Alice Ave. between August 13 and September 8 (NGE), and one of an individual photographed on August 17 at Current Ave. (EWi). There were six reports from Kenora, the first was one photographed on July 16 nectaring on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) at the Eady Farm, 3 km NE of Eagle River (CaE), and the last was one photographed on August 19 at Lisa Lane, 5 km S of Dinorwic (ERi). From Rainy River there were an incredible 45 reports, including 30 from Devlin (MSD), between July 15 and September 2. There were 25 reports on July 6,
59 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______ranging from Essex to Prescott-Russell: it must have been a fantastically good day! A courting pair were seen on August 10, on Con. 10 in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (PH, JHa), and a pair was seen in copula on July 20 on the Mohr’s Road extension, SSE of Kinburn, Ottawa (RAL). There were many reports of nectaring: on goldenrod and Joe-Pye-Weed (RAL) on burdock and Purple Loosestrife (RT), on Bull Thistle (RAL, RCL, RT) and on Wild Marjoram (LJ). There were 41 counts of ten or more, but only two really high ones, estimates of 80 on July 11 at Con. 10 in the Larose Forest (DLe), and 150 on July 7 on the Lowe Road extension S of Manion Corners, Ottawa (MOl). The latest reports were of singles, one seen on September 27 on the Cataraqui Trail E of McGillivray Road, Frontenac (JPo, BER), and one caught and released on September 28 on the Lowe Road extension (MOl).
Speyeria aphrodite APHRODITE FRITILLARY
In 2013 - 116 records. First reports were on June 23, two photographed on the South Trail of the New Park area of McGregor PP, Bruce (TRa) and on June 30, one seen on Salmon Lake Road, Peterborough (JB). There were nine reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between July 11 when ten were seen on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM) and September 24 when a worn one was photographed at the Old Airfield (BAM). There were two reports from Kenora: two photographed on July 21, 4 km SW of Oxdrift (AsD); and one photographed on August 13 at Rushing River PP (MSD). There were five reports from Rainy River: La Vallee Twp on August 4 and 22 (DHE, MSD); at Devlin on August 18 and 19; and at Atikokan on August 21 (DHE). Only one report from Cochrane: on July 30 (no number given) seen at the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp (JI, CHF, ACo), by far the northernmost report. On August 20 one was seen on butterfly bush (Buddleia sp.) at Woodstock, Oxford (JaHo), the first record for Oxford. On July 15, near Combermere, Renfrew, three were seen, one nectaring on Orange Hawkweed (Pilosella aurantiaca) and another on Milkweed; on August 15, on a trail N of Golden Line Road, Ottawa, one was seen nectaring on Red Clover; and on September 12, at the Burntlands off March Road, Ottawa, one was seen nectaring on New England Aster (RAL, RCL). The highest two counts were from Peterborough, 20 on August 8 at Big Cedar Lake (JB) and 24 on Sandy Lake Road (JB, KeMo, DJM). The latest two reports have already been mentioned: RAL’s report at the Burntlands on September 12 and BAM’s report from Algonquin PP on the 24th.
Speyeria idalia REGAL FRITILLARY
In 2013 - No records. Last reported in 2000, at Holiday Beach CA, Essex.
Speyeria atlantis ATLANTIS FRITILLARY
In 2013 - 76 records. Only 38 reports were from southern Ontario, and 13 of these were from Algonquin PP, Nipissing. In the south, the earliest were singles seen on June 30 at Barnum Lake, N of Wilberforce, Haliburton, (PH, JHa) and on the Galway-Cavendish FAR, Peterborough (JB). The southernmost report was from Rocky Saugeen Rd, Grey, one photographed on July 1 on Nodding Thistle (Carduus nutans) (LMN). In Algonquin PP there were 13 reports, the earliest was two photographed on July 2 on the Track and Tower Trail (RCa, RLe, TPe), and the last was on August 10 when four were seen at the Old Airfield and one at Found Lake (RMa). These last two reports were the latest dates in the south. The two highest counts were also in Algonquin: 15 on July 31 on Martin Lake Road (IS, RMa) and 20 on July 11 on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM).
In Northern Ontario the season started a little later, with first reports of singles were on July 9 and 10 in
60 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______semi-open spruce bog forest at the William Bog NR, Thunder Bay (SCB), on the 11th in Alberton Twp., Rainy River (MSD) and at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic, Kenora where a pair were photographed in copula (ERi). On August 3, and again on the 5th, CaE photographed one nectaring on “pink clover”, at Mckenzie Creek Road at Turkey Creek, Kenora. There were seven reports from the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane: on July 20 and 27 (JI, ChF, ACo) and on August 1, 2, 5, 8 and 11 (MVB, RWo, ABu)—never more than two seen on any day. There were five other reports from Thunder Bay, including on August 3 and 9 and September 8 at Alice Ave, (NGE). There were 14 reports from Rainy River, between July 11 in Alberton Twp. (MSD) and August 26 in the McGinnis Creek area (DHE, MSD). The highest count may have been ten seen, some caught and released, on July 29 at Encamp Lake, E of Martin, Kenora (SCB). Or perhaps it was the count of “many” seen on August 4 at Lyda Bay, SW of Terrace Bay, Thunder Bay (SCB). The latest date was September 27 when a ragged individual was seen at Moosonee, Cochrane (AW, JoV, JMB)—a record late date for the province by 7 days!
Boloria eunomia BOG FRITILLARY
In 2013 - six records. The first reports were both from Beaver Lake Road, E of Catchacoma, Peterborough: eight seen on June 9 (JB) and two on June 14 (JB, TB, RD). On June 16 there was a report (no number given) in a bog at km 7.8 on the Bissett Creek Road, Renfrew (BWi, KMcL, WGL), the first record for Renfrew. On June 18 RP reported 20 at the Spruce Bog Boardwalk, Algonquin PP, Nipissing, five in the floating bog on the east side of the creek, and 15 in the little bog, halfway round the boardwalk; this is the highest count anywhere. On June 19 a female was seen ovipositing at the Brinklow Bog, Hastings (DaE, JoH). The only report from the north was also the latest: on July 1 SCB caught and released two on the bog mat at Caldwell Lake NR, Thunder Bay.
Boloria selene SILVER-BORDERED FRITILLARY
In 2013 - 113 records. First reports were on May 20, one seen in the Sedge Wren Marsh at the Carden Alvar, Kawartha Lakes (EP, DBi), and one photographed at the Thompson Tract at the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (JeQ). There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, one seen on July 9 at the Source Lake/Found Lake meadow (RMa, PBM), and five seen on August 10 at Found Lake (RMa). On July 1 two were caught and released at the Caldwell Lake NR, and on July 10 two were seen at the William Bog NR, Thunder Bay (SCB). At the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, one was photographed on July 19 (JI, ChF, ACo) and another on August 9 (MWB, RWo, ABu). There were seven reports from Kenora: the first on June 16, one photographed nectaring on a yellow hawkweed at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic (ERi), and the last on August 26, one photographed in the Laura Howe marsh at Dryden (AsD). There were also two reports of nectaring on Blue Flag (Iris versicolor) at Lisa Lane on June 25 (ERi) and north of Dryden on June 27 (CaE). There were ten reports from Rainy River, between July 12 on Hwy 619 north of Pinewood and August 22 in the Mud Lake area of La Vallee Twp. (MSD).
In the south there were reports of fresh individuals on June 14, 19 and 27, but these are likely too early to represent the start of the second generation. There was also no gap between first and second generations. But there was a gap of a full month, August 31 to September 28 between two records at the Lowe Road extension, Ottawa (MOl), and there was one other report on September 28, a fresh one photographed on Haskins Road, S of Burritts Rapids, Leeds-Grenville (BeLa), meaning that those last two reports, the latest reported, were most likely individuals of a third generation. There were two reports of nectaring in the south, on June 9 on Cow Vetch, NE of Perth, Lanark (RAL) and on July 31 on Joe-Pye-Weed at Copeland Road, Richmond, Ottawa (LJ). Numbers were low, only four counts of more than ten: the highest were 13
61 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______on June 18 at the Forest Access Road off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB), and 40 on June 23 in an old field 2.5 km east of Columbus, Durham (DBa, MC).
Boloria bellona MEADOW FRITILLARY
In 2013 – 94 records, beginning with two males seen on May 16 and 17 on the old railway at Listowel, Perth (GR), and one caught and released on the 17th on Munster Road, 4 km E of Dwyer Hill, Ottawa (LJ). There were no reports from Algonquin PP, and only nine from the north. On August 9 NGE saw one at Alice Ave., Thunder Bay, and on August 10 CaE photographed one at the Eady Farm, NE of Eagle River, Kenora. The rest were from Rainy River, beginning with one at Big Fork on July 18 (MSD) and finishing with one on August 26 in the McGinnis Creek area (DHE, MSD). In the south there was an eleven-day gap in the records, June 23 to July 4, probably marking the end of the first and the start of the second generations; the second started with one seen at Second Depot Lake, Frontenac, (JPo, MCS). The only report of freshness was on August 31, two fresh ones seen at Heber Down CA, Durham (RP), likely the start of at least a partial third generation. On July 6, at Copeland Road, Richmond, Ottawa, LJ reported one “tangling with a Great Spangled Fritillary”. On August 21 on the McCarton Road extension, Ottawa, RCa reported ten, “some were observed puddling”. On August 27 GR reported one at the new marsh at Listowel, Perth, and commented “Not seen recently until now, but formerly common in this area”. There were eight reports of ten or more, seven of them from Ottawa and five from the Lowe Road extension, south of Manion Corners where 25 were photographed on July 10 (RCa) and an estimated 200 were seen on July 7 “everything flying in rain, gradually getting more 10:30 to 12:45” (MOl). The latest two reports were on September 18, one photographed on Bishop St., Kingston, Frontenac (JPo) and one seen on the railtrail between Cameron and County Road 38, Peterborough (JB).
Boloria frigga FRIGGA FRITILLARY
In 2013 - No records. Last reported in 2011 at Savanne, Thunder Bay.
Boloria freija FREIJA FRITILLARY
In 2012 - One record. One was photographed on June 5 west of Wakami Lake PP, Sudbury (CDJ et al.), see photo on page 54.
Boloria chariclea ARCTIC FRITILLARY
In 2013 - six records, as expected, all from the north. There were two from Kenora: five caught and released on July 30 in a fen area on Cloven Lake Road S of Martin (SCB); and one photographed on August 5 on Ox-Eye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) on McKenzie Creek Road, N of Lac Seul (CaE), see photo on page 54. There were three from Rainy River, starting with one photographed on August 4 in La Vallee Twp, (MSD); this is only the second Rainy River record and the first since 1978. The others were on August 8 at the Alberton Peatlands Interpretive Centre in Alberton Twp. (MSD) and on August 16 at Atikokan (DHE). There was also one report from the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, Cochrane, were one was photographed on August 11 (MWB, RWo, ABu).
62 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Chlosyne gorgone GORGONE CHECKERSPOT
In 2013 - no records. Last reported in 2012 at a site near Oxford Mills, Leeds-Grenville. The site is now fully cultivated and therefore the colony has probably been destroyed.
Chlosyne nycteis SILVERY CHECKERSPOT
In 2013 - 34 records. First reports were of one seen on June 4 on Wolfgrove Road, SW of Almonte, Lanark (DA), and another on June 6 at the Brinklow Bog, Hastings (DaE, JoH); strangely, this one was reported as “worn”. There was one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, of one seen on June 26 on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM), and two were observed on July 1 just outside the Park on Sunset Trail Road in Whitney, Nipissing (RCa). On June 24 one was photographed at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic, Kenora (ERi) and on July 1 two were seen at Bowker, SW of Ouimet, Thunder Bay (NGE). There were four reports from Rainy River, starting on June 29 at Atikokan (DHE) and ending on July 11 at St. Patrick’s Cemetery in Big Fork (MSD). The only reports of fresh individuals were right in the middle of the flight season: on June 26 two photographed at the Moore Wildlife Management Area, Lambton and on June 29 one photographed at Joany’s Woods, Middlesex (BAM). Perhaps the season was delayed for some reason in those two counties; certainly there were no earlier records from there. On June 20 RCa counted ten at Ojibway Prairie - Spring Garden at Windsor, Essex, and on June 23 another ten “puddling on a sandy road” at the Wilson Tract, St. Williams, Norfolk; these were the highest counts. The latest reports were on July 13, two seen on Milburn Road W of Irondale, Haliburton (EP, JBox), and on July 22, two at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (KaB).
Chlosyne harrisii HARRIS’S CHECKERSPOT
In 2013 - 28 records, beginning with one seen on June 9 in the Tallow Rock West meadow at Charleston Lake PP, Leeds-Grenville (EPB, JMF), and another on June 15 on Long Lake Road, Peterborough (JB). There were no reports from Algonquin PP, but there was one from just outside the Park: one seen on July 1 on Sunset Trail Road in Whitney, Nipissing (RCa). There was only one report from the north: on July 11 SCB caught, photographed and released three in an “open sedge meadow with Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea), low shrubs. A number seen all at the same location - colonial”; this was at the William Bog NR, Thunder Bay. Numbers were low everywhere. On July 6 JB led a group from the Peterborough Field Naturalists to Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough, and they found only two. The highest counts were both on June 27, six at Sandy Lake Road (RCa) and seven on an Ontario Hydro road south of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). The most southerly report was from the railtrail between David Fife and Settlers, Peterborough, where four were seen on June 20 (JB). The latest reports were on July 11, one seen on Gagnon Road in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell (DLe) and on July 12, one seen on Sandy Lake Road (JB, TB).
Phyciodes tharos PEARL CRESCENT
In 2013 - 280 records. The two earliest reports were from Metro-Toronto, one seen on May 7 at East Point, Scarborough (BH) and eight photographed on May 9 at Eglinton Flats (RJY). There were no gaps in the records right through to mid-October. But the distribution of reports of “fresh” individuals makes it clear that there were three broods. The reports of freshness occur on May 15 and 27, four between June 14 and July 8, and four between July 21 and August 18, marking the start of the first, second and third generations respectively. There were no reports from Algonquin PP or the north, the northernmost locations being three in Ottawa. There were three reports of pairs in copula: on May 17 GRT saw a pair at Wotten St., Windsor,
63 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Essex; on June 9 BAM saw a pair at the Karner Blue Sanctuary at Port Franks, Lambton; and on June 11 JCL saw “many mating on Ox-Eye Daisy and Sweet William” on Mersea Road 6, west of Wheatley, Essex. On July 12, at the Howie Road extension, Ottawa, RCa saw about 50, with many puddling on the muddy road. On September 17, at the Burntlands off March Road, Ottawa, RAL counted 16, and collected four females. These he confined with small plants of Ciliolate Aster (Aster ciliolatus) and on the 20th one laid 83 eggs. These were reared, see page 12. There were 19 counts of ten or more. The highest were RCa’s 50 on July 12, mentioned above, and 168 counted on August 10 in the Hillman Marsh area, Essex (AWh, PCh). The latest two reports were on October 14: a very small one seen on the Lowe Road extension, Ottawa (MOl), and a “fairly fresh” one at Wallaceburg, Kent (BAM).
Phyciodes cocyta NORTHERN CRESCENT
In 2013 - 799 records. The season began with two sight records on May 27, one at the NCC’s Happy Valley Forest, York (PH, JeHa), and one north of Wardsville, Middlesex (DPy), followed by three seen on May 31 at Nortel Woods, Ottawa (CBr). There were five reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between June 15, one seen at Mew Lake (KeMo, JB) and July 11, 40 seen on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM). There was one report from Sudbury: three seen on June 23 at Killarney Mountain Lodge (GP). There were 11 reports from Thunder Bay, including six from Alice Ave. (NGE); these nicely show the two generations there with seven firsts between June 30 and July 13, and four seconds between August 3 and 18. On July 1 SCB caught and released one at Caldwell Lake NR and another two on August 4 at Lyda Bay, SW of Terrace Bay, Thunder Bay. There were 11 reports from Kenora, between June 22, one photographed at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic (ERi), and August 22, one photographed on Pelto Road, Sioux Lookout (MiL). There were 47 reports from Rainy River, the earliest on June 27, the latest on September 16, both at Devlin (MSD).
Reports of fresh individuals sort nicely into two groups: eleven in June from the 2nd to the 27th representing members of the first generation, and five in August from the 5th to the 18th representing the start of the second generation. Only two reports of fresh individuals fell outside of these two periods: a July 10 report from Kenora, and two seen on September 2, in Ottawa; if there was a third generation, this last record was the only indication of it. On August 6 JCL saw a pair in courtship ritual on Wild Marjoram, west of Wheatley, Essex. On June 9 GR photographed a pair in copula, at the old railway in Listowel, Perth. On July 12 RT saw a mated pair, on a dead leaf at Wolfe Lake, Leeds. And on July 17, at Bruce Power, Tiverton, Bruce, TRa saw one apparently trying to mate with an Aphrodite Fritillary. Numbers were certainly below normal. There were 124 reports of ten or more, all except four in June or July, i.e. in the first generation. There were only two counts of more than 100: on June 26 JB counted 131 on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough, and on July 20 EP, DBa and MC counted 207 on Fire Road 34, off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough. In the second generation the highest number was 48, seen on August 22 at Sparrow Field, Point Pelee NP, Essex (GRT). There were six reports in October, of which four were from Ottawa. The exceptions were one seen on October 2 at Cape Chin, Bruce (CR) and one photographed on the 3rd at Humber Bay Park East, Metro-Toronto (DKa). The last two were singles photographed on the 3rd and the 10th at Fifth Line Road, Ottawa (CGa).
Phyciodes batesii TAWNY CRESCENT
In 2013 - 17 records, starting with one photographed on June 2 in the Twin Lakes/Sandy Lake Road area, Peterborough (RJY). The second report was of one photographed on June 5 in the Queen Elizabeth PP, Kawartha Lakes (SuB), and the third was of three photographed on June 8 at Timm Dr., Bells Corners,
64 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Ottawa (RCa)—the first of eight reports from Ottawa. On June 12 one was photographed on the bare- granite expanse of the Carp Ridge, Ottawa (PH, JHa). The highest count was five, seen on June 19 at Sandy Lake Road (JB, TB). And the latest report was the only one from the north, one seen on June 30 at Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE).
Euphydryas phaeton BALTIMORE CHECKERSPOT
In 2013 - 66 records. The first reports of adults were on June 15, five photographed at Dwyer Hill Road and March Road, Ottawa (RCa), and ten photographed by a group from the Kingston Field Naturalists at Depot Creek NR, Frontenac (KFN). There was one report from Rainy River, one seen on Hwy 600 at Wilson Creek Road, in Dawson Twp. (DHE, MSD), the first from Rainy River since 2002. On June 19 LJ saw one at Copeland Road, Richmond, Ottawa “fresh, taking road salts – saved from speeding vehicles, twice”. On June 27, on Kettles Road, ESE of Dwyer Hill, Ottawa, LJ saw at least 23 and made many observations “four taking road salts – one hit by a vehicle, one nectaring on Oxeye Daisy, one nectaring on Milkweed, a pair mating on Cow Vetch, a courtship display involving one male and two females”. On July 1 LMN saw four on Rocky Saugeen Road, Grey, and made a similar comment “Spent much time on gravel road surface, poor survival tactic. Almost tame, can get very close”. On July 13 GR saw one on the east trails at Conestoga Marsh, Wellington; “appeared to be a wandering female. NOT expected at this location”. There were ten reports of ten or more, the highest 35+ seen on June 20 at Perron Road, Larose Forest (CH). The latest adult reports were on July 28, three worn ones seen on the Uxbridge to Lakeridge road, Durham (RP), and on July 30, one seen on the railtrail between Cameron and County Road 38, Peterborough (JB). There were four records of larvae and one of a pupa. On June 19 RAL saw a fifth instar larva on Limerick Road, E of Bishop’s Mills, Leeds-Grenville, and the next day JB saw one NE of Keene, Peterborough. On June 21, on Perron Road in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell, RCa saw about 50 larvae in a nest on Turtlehead (Chelone glabra), there appeared to be two different sizes of larvae (presumably they were in the middle of a moulting). On June 30 CH also saw many larvae in a nest, on Rte. 200 in Larose Forest. The pupa was actually the first record of the season, seen on June 14 by DBr at the Depot Lake Reserve near Bell Rock, Frontenac.
Polygonia interrogationis QUESTION MARK
In 2013 - 155 records. The first two reports, one seen on April 27 at the Blue Heron Picnic Area at Point Pelee NP, Essex (GRT) and one photographed on May 4 at Riverside Park, Cambridge, Waterloo (JuRe) were both dark summer forms, and cannot be presumed to be overwintered individuals. In fact there are eight reports of dark individuals up to July 5, and five of these were worn or very worn. There is only one report of a “very fresh summer form” in that period, one seen on June 14 at Eglinton Flats, Metro-Toronto (RJY). There were four reports of fresh ones between July 19 and 26, reports of “large, fresh, light form” individuals on August 24 to 27 at Sandhurst Shores, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH), and eight more such reports later, last one on October 2 at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (DBr), making it likely that there were two Ontario-born generations. There were no reports from Algonquin PP or the north; the northernmost reports were all from Ottawa. There was a report of nectaring on butterfly bush on July 20 at High Park, Metro-Toronto (RJY) and reports of feeding on a variety of other things: grape juice, even in a wasp trap, banana, rotting pears and rotten watermelon. There was a report on August 6 of about ten eggs and a few first-instar larvae at Parkdale, Metro-Toronto, on elm saplings “growing out of the concrete against buildings, warm, sunny and sheltered” (KPa). Numbers were very low, mostly ones and twos. The highest were two counts of seven, on July 24 at Seacliff Park, Leamington, Essex (GRT) and on September 14 at Sparrow Field and West Beach at Point Pelee NP (RCa, JL). The three latest reports were in October: a fresh
65 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______winter-form seen on the 8th at Presqu’ile PP (DBr), one photographed on the 11th at Silcote, Grey (MEa) and another one on the 17th at Presqu’ile PP (KAn).
Polygonia comma EASTERN COMMA
In 2013 - 244 records. The first reports were on March 31, one seen at the Opeongo Lookout, Algonquin PP, Nipissing (RaD, GSo) and on April 4, one seen on Elmbrook Road, Prince Edward (JD). There were no other reports from Algonquin PP and just four from Rainy River between June 5 when one was seen at Raft Lake Road, near Atikokan (DHE) and October 7 when one was at Devlin (MSD). There were 58 reports detailing freshness, and light (overwintering) or dark (summer) forms which make very clear the dates of the different generations. There were seven reports of light, overwintered individuals from April 15 to May 27. There were 29 reports of dark summer individuals from June 24 to September 2. And there were 22 reports of late-summer light individuals from August 24 to October 27. There were 16 reports of feeding, but none on flowers. They were reported on rotting fruit in Metro-Toronto (RJY), on watermelon, and on a compost pile, in Essex (JCL), on rotting pears, in Norfolk (KaB) and Essex (GRT), on rotting apples in Simcoe (CR), taking road salts and taking salts from a dead frog crushed on a gravel road in Ottawa (LJ), on dry scat, and “kept landing on me”, in Ottawa (CL, BBr), and two were seen puddling on a gravel bike trail, in Ottawa (RCa). Two reports from the Silcote Side Road, Grey, on July 14 and August 16 (MEa) are, very surprisingly, the first reports from Grey. Numbers were very low. The highest were counts of eight on September 18 at Owl Woods Road, Amherst Island, Lennox & Addington (JPo, MCS), nine on August 28 at Winchester Bog, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry (RCa) and eleven on September 19 at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (KAn). The latest reports were of singles seen on October 17 at Fairnorth Farm, Norfolk (KaB) and at Prequ’ile PP (KAn), and on October 27 at Pinery PP, Lambton (BAM).
Polygonia satyrus SATYR COMMA
In 2013 - four records, all of singles, all photographed. The first was on May 18 on Mountainview Road, SW of Killaloe, Renfrew (ChRe). Next came one on June 6 at Alice Ave., Thunder Bay (NGE) and one on June 12 at the Mills Block Conservation Forest, Thunder Bay (GSt). The latest was one on August 4 at the mouth of Turkey Creek, on McKenzie Bay, Lac Seul, Kenora (CEa).
Polygonia faunus GREEN COMMA
In 2013 - five records. The earliest report was the only one from the south, one photographed on April 28 at the end of Garvin Road, W of Richmond, Ottawa (MOl). Next came three from Kenora, all singles, caught and released: on June 14 at the Musselwhite Mine site on Lake Opapimiskan; on June 17 at Gina Lake, 10 km N of Lake Opapimiskan; and on July 30 on Encamp Lake, E of Martin (SCB). Last was a report (no number given) on August 22 at Raft Lake Road, near Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE).
Polygonia gracilis HOARY COMMA
In 2013 - two records, both from Kenora. The first was one photographed on June 26 near the camp at Basket Lake (BBu). The other, also photographed, was on July 28 at Lisa Lane, 5 km S of Dinorwic (ERi).
66 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Polygonia progne GRAY COMMA
In 2013 - 151 records, starting with three seen on April 15 on Turcotte Road, 7 km S of Kaladar, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH), followed by one seen on April 21 at Frontenac PP, Frontenac (MCo). There were no reports from Algonquin PP (where the species is normally encountered every year), and only six from the north: on August 4 one seen in the Mud Lake area of La Vallee Twp., and another on Frog Creek Road in Miscampbell Twp., Rainy River (DHE, MSD); and in Kenora singles were photographed on April 25 and June 18 at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic (ERi), and on May 27 and June 5 at the Eady farm, 3 km NE of Eagle River (CEa). There were only 22 reports listing freshness, and light (overwintering) or dark (summer) forms. None of these referred to the first overwintered generation, the earliest was on June 24, a report of a “fresh, dark form”, seen on the Trans-Canada Trail east from Springbrook Road, Hastings (DaE, JoH). There were eleven of these reports of the dark summer generation, the last one on July 22 at Dry Lake, along Moneymore Road, SW of Marlbank, Hastings (DaE, JoH). There were also eleven reports of the next generation, the light overwintering form, between August 24 at Sandhurst Shores, Lennox & Addington and October 9 on the Cataraqui Trail between Camden East and Yarker, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH). RJY photographed one on September 25, and the same one again on the 26th on butterfly bush (Buddleia sp.) at High Park, Metro-Toronto; he commented “rare in the Park”. On August 28 BoA saw one sipping watermelon juice on Daimler Dr., Kitchener, Waterloo, the only other report of feeding. Numbers everywhere were very low; on July 26 JB led a group of eleven people from the Peterborough Field Naturalists to Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough, and they saw just one. There were only seven counts of more than three; the highest was 13, on July 12 on the Lingham Road, 10.5 km from Cooper, Hastings (DaE, JoH). The latest reports were on October 3, one photographed on Cambell Road, Inverhuron, Bruce (LMN), and on October 9 on the Cataraqui Trail, mentioned above.
Nymphalis l-album COMPTON TORTOISESHELL
In 2013 - 11 records, with five reports in April of overwintered individuals starting on the 15th with one seen in Etienne Brule Park, Metro-Toronto (RJY) and one on Hwy 507 in the Catchacoma area, Peterborough (JB). On May 19 DHE reported another overwintered individual at Atikokan, Kenora. The first report of the next generation was a pupa, photographed on July 4 at Robertson Road, Bells Corners, Ottawa (RCa). Next were an adult photographed on July 8 on Fifth Line Road, Ottawa (CGa) and one caught and released on July 29 at Encamp Lake, E of Martin, Kenora (SCB). There were no high counts: every report was of a single individual. The latest date was September 24, another one photographed at Fifth Line Road (CGa).
Nymphalis antiopa MOURNING CLOAK
In 2013 – 792 records. There were 166 cases where we could be sure that the records referred to the resident subspecies, Nymphalis antiopa hyperborea, the Northern Mourning Cloak. These are included in this group because for sure, most of the undifferentiated reports refer to that subspecies. The first three reports were on March 26, the earliest date for any species this year: one on Crocodile Road, SW of Haliburton, Haliburton (JiH, NBa); one on the E side of the Humber River, S of Magwood Park, Metro- Toronto (VCa); and two on the Doris McCarthy Trail, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH). On April 30 at Seacliff Beach, Leamington, Essex, one was photographed in the window of a wood-frame toolshed, as it was trying to get out (SWa, JuLi, GRT). There were 22 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, the earliest one was seen on March 31 at the Opeongo Lookout (RaD, GSo). There were 45 reports from the north, the earliest one was seen on April 27 at Laura’s Garden, W of Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay (GSt) and one on
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April 29 at Atikokan, Rainy River (DHE). Other reports of overwintered individuals from the north include: one on May 22 on Scotch River, W of Hwy 17, Kenora (SCB); two from Devlin, Rainy River on May 26 and 27 (MSD); two seen on May 7 at Pine Bay NR, Thunder Bay (SCB); and two seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (DBe). There were no gaps in the records at all; it seems that there was complete overlap between the generations. There were twelve reports of fresh or very fresh individuals representing the short-lived summer generation; the first of these was one seen on May 27 on a dirt path W of McCarthy Woods, Ottawa (RT), and the latest was a perfectly fresh individual seen on July 11 near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa (RAL). There was then a gap of almost a month before the next report of fresh individuals, the first of 14 reports representing the second, overwintering generation. They ranged in date from August 7 when one was at the Owen Point Trail parking lot, Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (DBr) to October 14 with one “very very fresh” individual at the Lowe Road extension, S of Manion Corners, Ottawa (MOl). On June 2 on the Limerick Forest Trail, Leeds-Grenville, BeLa photographed a pair in copula on the ground, under a log (see photo on page 54). This is the first and only report of a mating pair of Mourning Cloaks in the TEA database: 5,883 records dating back to 1899. Perhaps we should spend more time looking under logs! With that in mind, the following two reports might be significant: on June 14 on Mersea Road 6 west of Wheatley, Essex, JCL reported one that had “taken up residence in a wood pile”, and on June 19, two “flying out of log pile”. Who knows?
There were three reports of larvae. On June 9 RAL found about 30 on Slender Willow (Salix petiolaris), NE of Stanleyville, Lanark. On June 12 SWe found a large number on Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) on Cowell Road, S of North Gower, Ottawa; he switched them to elm and gave some to RAL. On June 14 a very large group of 3rd and 4th instar larvae was seen on Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera) on the K & P Trail near Lavant Station, Lanark (CH, DLe, BaC, JCi, ClB). RAL was informed and on June 21 he collected some of them. He reared all three batches of larvae, see page 9. Adult numbers were very low, with only six reports of more than ten. The highest was 19 seen on April 15 at Lambton Prairie, Metro- Toronto (RJY). Of the top 20 counts, only three were in early July, possibly part of the summer generation; the rest were overwintered individuals. In the north, the latest dates were October 7, at Devlin, Rainy River (MSD) and October 9 on Hwy 101 E of Chapleau, Sudbury (JK). In the south they were much later, the latest on November 5, one photographed on Fifth Line Road, Ottawa (CBr) and on November 16, one seen around noon on Hamilton Ave, near the Civic Hospital, Ottawa (MaC).
Nymphalis antiopa lintnerii LINTNER’S MOURNING CLOAK
In 2013 - 45 records, all positively identified as lintnerii by photo or by description, from 14 counties, from Essex in the south to Renfrew in the north, and seven of these were first records: Bruce, Kawartha Lakes, Leeds-Grenville, Middlesex, Niagara, Northumberland, and Waterloo. The first report was a very large female seen on March 30 at McDonald St., Listowel, Perth, perhaps attracted by a mixture of banana, orange and beer (GR). Second was one photographed on April 23 at Mud Lake Woods, Britannia, Ottawa (CBr). On May 28 RAL collected a large female, his first butterfly of the year, on the Mud Lake Trail, off Kerwin Road, Ottawa. It laid more than 200 eggs on Pussy Willow (Salix discolor) and he reared them, see page 9. On June 1 GR and TRa saw three on the Ski Trail at McGregor Point PP, Bruce; GR commented “All fresh (not worn) large lintnerii migrants, likely arrived this AM behind a severe thunderstorm Friday May 31st in the late afternoon/evening as not seen earlier on Friday afternoon”. There were only two reports of feeding, on Milkweed on July 8 and 12 at the base of the Leslie St. Spit, Metro-Toronto (BH). On July 18, near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa, RAL saw one which “kept circling, pivoting on my position”. The same thing happened again on August 24, at a marsh on Lemke Road, SE of Woito, Renfrew, it “kept circling me, coming close on each circuit, as I moved the whole 200 yard length of the marsh”. Presumably
68 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______it was using him as the only tall landmark on the road. Also on August 24, RAL picked up a roadkill, from Hwy 17 at Colton Lake, Renfrew. It was immaculate, freshly emerged and almost undamaged; mounted it had a wingspan of 82 mm. There were two other reports of late fresh individuals, of the overwintering generation: one was on August 29 on Rocksprings Road, Leeds-Grenville (RAL); and the other on September 14, at the intersection of Co. Rds. 33 and 20, near Leamington, Essex, “magnificent fresh lintnerii - huge, approx. 4” spread” (GRT)—this was the latest report. Numbers were very low, with two reports of three, the one mentioned above at McGregor Point PP and three photographed on April 28 in the Limerick Forest, S of Burritts Rapids, Leeds-Grenville (BeLa). And the highest of all, five seen on the same day at the Riverwood Conservancy, Mississauga, Peel (JoAW).
Aglais milberti MILBERT’S TORTOISESHELL
In 2013 - 27 records, starting with one seen on March 30, at Burns Lane, E of Outlet, Leeds-Grenville (KH) followed by one on April 12 at Hungry Hollow, Middlesex (AWh). There was one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: one seen on August 24 on Hwy 60 at km 18.5 (RMa). There were a total of nine records from the north. On May 7 SCB caught and released one at the Pine Bay NR, Thunder Bay, and on August 4 NGE saw one in weedpatches on the Thunder Bay waterfront. There were three from Rainy River, from April 29 at Devlin (MSD) to August 26 when one was at Pinewood (DHE, MSD). In Kenora, there were four records, the earliest was one photographed on May 23 at a rest stop on Hwy 71 north of Nestor Falls (MSD), and the latest was one photographed on August 18 at the Eady Farm, 3 km NE of Eagle River (CEa). The only fresh indidividual was one reported on September 6 at Monarch Landing, E of Port Burwell, Elgin (AaA, KaB), so there were at least three generations, probably four. But the numbers were very low, just two reports of three, on July 21 north of Wardsville, Middlesex (DPy), and on September 28 in a field disturbed in 2007, at Listowel, Perth (GR); GR also saw two that day on the old railway at Listowel. There was only one later report, one seen on November 3 north of Wardsville (DPy).
Vanessa virginiensis AMERICAN LADY
In 2013 - 223 records. There must have been a small number of migrants very early in the season. On April 30 BH saw one on Chestermere Blvd., Metro-Toronto “eastbound across garden”, presumably still migrating. The second report was from McDonald St., Listowel, Perth: on May 5 GR saw one ovipositing on Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea). The third was one seen on May 6 at the west side of the Tip at Point Pelee NP, Essex (RHC). There were four reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, beginning with two seen on June 1 at two different spots on the East Side Hydrocut (CDJ), followed by one seen on July 20 at the Visitor Centre and another on August 1 at Found Lake (RMa). There were three reports from the north: on June 8 one was seen just NE of Morin Village, Sudbury (CDJ, DAS, PSB, SRi) and there were two from Manitoulin: one was caught and released on June 9 at Misery Bay NR (SCB) and one was seen on August 30 at Bluff Point, in French River PP (JK). There were two reports of eggs: on May 17 GR found five on pussytoes (Antennaria sp.) at Listowel “easier to find than on Pearly Everlasting”, and on June 1 GR and TRa found one in the DR Field at McGregor Point PP, Bruce. There were three reports of larvae: 22 1st and 2nd instars on May 26 on Pearly Everlasting at Listowel “which survived the frosting nights this weekend”; two on July 6 in the Large Field at Brucedale, Bruce (CR); and on August 23 at Listowel a 4th instar larva in a flower nest on Pearly Everlasting. There were ten reports of ovipositing, between May 6 and July 9 (GR, BVR, AA, PH, JHa). There were five reports of fresh individuals in May, three of which were on beaches—these would have been incoming migrants. There were nine other reports of “fresh”, from June 21 and October 30, the very latest record being two seen, one photographed, at High Park, Metro-Toronto (RJY). Numbers were very low, just two counts of ten, both at High Park on
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September 27 and October 17 (RJY).
Vanessa cardui PAINTED LADY
In 2013 - 38 records. There were eight reports in May and early June which must have been migrants, although strangely none of these were reported from Essex. First were reports on May 17 at Bayview & Steeles, Metro-Toronto (HoH) and on May 20 at Dorothy’s House Museum in Garden Hill, Northumberland (RJP), followed by reports from the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo, of four on May 21 and three on the 22nd (AmR). There was one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, one seen on June 26 on Basin Lake Road (RMa, PBM, LF), and none from the north. On June 4 RJY reported one “fairly fresh” at Eglinton Flats, Metro-Toronto—this would have been a migrant. There were six other reports of fresh individuals but only in the fall, between September 20 and October 14, in Lambton, Essex and Metro-Toronto; these would have been two generations removed from the migrants. Nectaring was reported twice on butterfly bush ,on October 3 at the Toronto Music Garden (RJY) and at the Richmond Nursery, Ottawa (LJ), and once on Red Clover on July 30 at Harrow, Essex (PDe). Numbers were very low, the highest being seven seen on July 21 at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex, and nine on September 28, at Shoeless Joe’s, Leamington (GRT). There were nine reports in October, the latest one photographed on the 14th at Brander Park, Lambton (BAM) and one seen on the 30th at Hawk Watch Cliff, Port Stanley, Elgin (JiD).
Vanessa atalanta RED ADMIRAL
In 2013 - 224 records. The first reports were of singles seen on April 27 at Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM, JLH, MBB), followed by reports on April 30 and May 1 at the Superstore in Leamington, Essex (GRT). These were all migrants for sure, in fact eight of the first nine records were from Essex; the only exception was one seen on May 7 at the new marsh in Listowel, Perth; it was “migrating north purposely at 4 m above the ground” (GR). There were 37 reports of fresh individuals, five in May and June referring to migrants. There was then a gap of twelve days until the first report of fresh locally-bred individuals: on July 8, a fresh one seen on Wolf Grove Road, SW of Almonte, Lanark (DA). There were similar reports of fresh ones all through the summer and fall until the last one on October 22, one seen at High Bluff campgrounds at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (DBr). There was just one report from Algonquin PP, one seen on August 16 at the Whitefish Lake Millsite, Haliburton (PBM), and one from the north, a slightly worn one seen on July 1 at Bowker, SW of Ouimet, Thunder Bay (NGE). On June 21 DBr saw one ovipositing on Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) at Demorestville CA, Prince Edward, and on October 3 JK saw two at Stinging Nettle, at Oshawa Second Marsh, Durham. On July 21, at the Burntlands, Con. 12W, Lanark, RAL found three small larvae on Stinging Nettle, and on the 31st found a fifth instar larva at the same place; all were collected for rearing, but all died of a liquefying disease. On August 2 at the west trails in Conestoga Marsh, Wellington, GR collected four 3rd and 4th instar larvae for rearing. There were very few reports of adult feeding: on Joe-Pye-Weed and watermelon (JK, JCL), on “brazilian verbena” (BH), on rotting pears (GRT) and on rotting fruit (DBr). On August 28, at Zehr’s Plaza, Listowel, Perth, GR saw two fresh south-bound migrants. Numbers were very low with only five counts of more than ten; the highest were two counts of 16, both at the Toronto Islands, on July 26 and September 6 (RJY). The latest reports were all of singles, on October 25 at the Rosetta McClain Gardens, Metro-Toronto (WF), and two reports on October 30 at Hawk Cliff, Port Stanley, Elgin (DBa, JiD)
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Junonia coenia COMMON BUCKEYE
In 2013 - 63 records, starting with three reports on June 21, at Bronte Creek PP and at the Glenorchy Butterfly Transects H and I, Halton (BVR). The next day BAM photographed a very worn one at Hillman Marsh, Essex. These, and another eleven reports up to the end of July, must have been migrants. During that period there were four reports of “fresh” and one other very worn individual; the incoming migrants must have been quite a mixed bunch! There was just one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, an “extremely nice looking” one seen on July 24 at the Visitor Centre (RMa), and one from the north, one seen on August 4 in the weedpatches on the Thunder Bay waterfront (NGE). In the south there were reports of “fresh” on September 6, 18 and 20, and on October 2, 3 and 20, probably indicating two locally-produced generations. On July 7 there was a report from the Georgina area, York (SuB, DaBo), the first report from York. There was one report of nectaring, on “brazilian verbena” (BH) and three reports of butterflies on flowers, on butterfly bush (RJY), Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron hyssopifolius), and White Clover (GRT). There were five counts of more than ten. On September 28 GRT counted 14 at Shoeless Joe’s in Leamington, Essex; on September 14 RCa and JL found 20 at the same place, and also on September 14 BAM reported “many” at the Children’s Hut in Rondeau PP, Kent. There were 13 reports in October, four on October 11, at Chestermere Blvd., Metro-Toronto (BH), at two locations in Leamington (GRT) and at the Blenheim sewage lagoon, Kent (BAM).The latest was on October 20, a fresh one seen at Point Pelee NP, Essex (BAM).
Limenitis arthemis arthemis WHITE ADMIRAL
In 2013 - 455 records, the first of which was of one seen on June 1 at Newington Bog, Stormont-Dundas- Glengarry (PH, RJY, KRY). This was followed on June 5 by three reports, of one seen on Blue Mountain, Charleston Lake PP, Leeds-Grenville (GPi) and other singles at two sites SE of Morewood, Stormont- Dundas-Glengarry (JKer, CFER). From July 14, when one was seen on the railtrail at Blindline, Bruce (TRa) to August 30, with reports from two locations in French River PP, Manitoulin (JK), there were eight reports of fresh second-generation individuals. There were 24 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing between June 19 to August 23. There were 51 reports from the north: in Algoma, five seen on July 14 on Red Rock Road, Prince Twp. (DBe); in Cochrane, eight reports from the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, from July 17 to 30 (JI, ChF, ACo) and from August 5 to 9 (MVB, RWo, ABu); in Kenora one photographed on June 26 at the Basket Lake camp (BBu) and another on July 17 at the Eady Farm, NE of Eagle River (CaE); in Sudbury, one on June 15 at the Killarney Mountain Lodge (GP) and ten on September 11 at Webbwood (CBe); in Thunder Bay, seven reports starting with one seen on July 1 at Bowker, SW of Ouimet and ending with one seen on August 4 at Alice Ave. (NGE); and finally in Rainy River, 29 reports between June 25 and September 4, both at Devlin (MSD). On July 26 CR found a small larvae on Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) at Cape Chin, Bruce; he reared it, it pupated on August 12 and produced an adult on August 22. In the south, there were four reports of nectaring on Queen Anne’s Lace (RT, RAL, LJ, MEa), two of taking in salts from roadside gravel (LJ), one of probing damp concrete (CR) and two of puddling (RCa, JE). The three highest counts were all from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: 20 on July 11 on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM), 30 on June 26, again at Basin Depot (RMa, PBM, LF) and 40 on July 5 on the Mizzy Lake Trail (RMa). The latest dates were September 11, ten at Webbwood, Sudbury (CBe), and the 17th, one seen on the High Falls Trail, Algonquin PP, Haliburton (PH, JHa), and one photographed on Cedar Point Road, Laurin, Simcoe (LMN).
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Limenitis arthemis astyanax RED-SPOTTED PURPLE
In 2013 - 164 records. First reports were of one caught and released on June 1 on a farm near Byerly Road, Courtland, Norfolk (SCB), then two reports on June 4: one seen at Meadowlilly Woods at London, Middlesex (PDe) and two on the Cliffs and Alvars Trail at the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR). Reports were continuous from early June to September, so the two generations must have overlapped. The only definitive indication of the second brood is a single report of a fresh individual on August 17 at East Cross CA, Durham (RP). The northernmost reports were from Bruce, one photographed on June 29 on the DU Tower Trail at MacGregor Point PP, and another on July 14 on the railtrail at Blindline (TRa). A report on July 25 from Oxford of two seen on the Burgess Trail at Woodstock (TAr, BAr) is, surprisingly, the first report from. On June 27 at Lincoln Ave., Metro-Toronto, RJY watched a female lay a single egg on a leaf-tip, about 4.5 m high in a flowering crab apple. On the same day, on the old railway at Listowel, Perth, GR also watched one lay an egg on apple. On August 23 this happened again, on McDonald St., Listowel, and on August 23 on the west trails at Conestoga Marsh, Wellingto, four eggs were collected for rearing. On the night of August 23, on Mersea Road 6 west of Wheatley, Essex, JCL observed one come to mothing lights, and photographed it on the white sheet; he saw another in a cedar tree, hiding from the lights. JCL also observed them at his home many times, from July 25 to August 24 feeding on watermelon, and occasionally also on butterfly bush. Numbers were low, with only eight counts reaching double digits; the highest were 25 on August 9 at the Stone Road Alvar, Pelee Island, Essex (PH, JHa) and 27 on August 3 in the SW quadrant of Pelee Island (RJY, KRY, SuB). The latest reports were on September 6, a worn one photographed in the Centre Island flowerbeds, Metro-Toronto (RJY) and a very worn one seen at Monarch Landing,. E of Port Burwell, Elgin (AaA, KaB).
Limenitis archippus VICEROY
In 2013 - 592 records. The first seven reports were of hibernating larvae, found by GR at three different locations in Listowel, Perth. The first one was on January 12, followed by three in March, two in April and the last one on May 1. The first reports of adults were on May 30, one seen SE of Morewood, Stormont- Dundas-Glengarry (JKer, CFER) and five seen on NCC Trail 26 near Bells Corners, Ottawa (CBr). On June 1 there were two reports from the Mer Bleue, Ottawa (PH, RJY, KRY, CL, BBr) and one from Peterborough, four seen on the railtrail between Cameron and County Road 38 (JB); he commented “one still pumping fluid into wings”. There was just one report from Algonquin PP, Nipissing: one seen on June 26 on Basin Lake Road (RMa, PBM, LF). There were 14 reports from the north: one caught and released on August 7 in a wasteland field near the locks at Sault Ste. Marie, Algoma; one on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (GP); one photographed on August 27 at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic, Kenora (ERi); on August 24 in Emo Twp. and on August 26 in Dawson Twp., Rainy River (DHE, MSD); and nine reports from the Hannah Bay/East Point shorebird survey camp, from July 18 to 30 (JI, ChF, ACo) and from July 31 to August 10 (MWB, RWo, ABu). There were six reports of fresh ones between July 10 and August 7, and four more between August 31 and September 15; these two groups represent the second and third generations, respectively.
On July 9 and 10 JCL photographed larvae on Peach-leaved Willow (Salix amygdaloides), west of Wheatley, Kent. On August 21 and 24 GR found first-instar larvae on Pussy Willow (Salix discolor) at Zehr’s Plaza, Listowel, and on August 6 RAL found a fifth instar larva on Pussy Willow SE of Union Hall, Lanark; it pupated on August 9. On August 15, in a field on Osler’s Bluff Road, Collingwood, Simcoe, CR found six larvae and six ova. There were reports of adult feeding on butterfly bush (CR), on Joe-Pye-Weed Purple Loosestrife and Queen Anne’s Lace (LJ), and on squashed fruit (RCa), taking salts from muddy tire
72 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______tracks (LJ) and puddling in a parking lot (CBr). Numbers were low all year, with just four reports of ten or more. The highest two counts were twelve, on August 10: at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (KAn) and in the Hillman Marsh area, Essex (AWh, PCh). There were four reports of adults in October: two on the 3rd at Presqu’ile PP (KAn, DBr), one at Nortel Marsh, Ottawa (RHu), and another on the 9th at Richmond Nursery, Ottawa (LJ). And the latest record of all, like the first ones, was a larva found at Zehr’s Plaza, Listowel, on October 12 (GR).
Limenitis weidemeyerii WEIDEMEYER’S ADMIRAL
In 2013 - No records. Just one report previously, in 1960 at Rainy River.
Asterocampa celtis HACKBERRY EMPEROR
In 2013 - 25 records, all but five from Essex. The first four reports were all from further north: four seen on June 23 on Sassafras Road in Skunks Misery, Middlesex (BAM); two photographed on June 30 on Petrie Island, Ottawa (RCa) and another two on July 5 at the same place (RHu); and others seen (no number given) on July 26 at Pinery PP, Lambton (MK). The first of seven reports from Point Pelee NP, Essex was one seen on July 28 (BAM); just two days later JCL counted 18 there, the highest count, and commented “always around the hackberry trees throughout the point”. On August 30 JCL photographed one on Mersea Road 6, west of Wheatley, Essex, and commented “this is the first time I have seen one this far inland”. There were nine reports in August from Pelee Island, Essex, the highest number 10, seen on August 11 at the Stone Road Alvar (PH). The last two reports were of worn and very worn individuals at Point Pelee NP, two on September 14 (RCa, JL) and one on the 28th (BAM).
Asterocampa clyton TAWNY EMPEROR
In 2013 - 23 records. The first three reports were from Middlesex: on June 29 six on Sassafras Road in Skunks Misery, and on June 30 two on Centreville Dr. in Skunks Misery and one at the Tecumseh monument at Thamesville (RP, DPy). On July 25 RCa saw six at the rare Charitable Research Reserve Admin. Building, Waterloo, and photographed some nectaring on Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea); those two counts of six were the highest reported. The first reports from Essex were on August 3 at three different locations on Pelee Island: two seen in the SW quadrant (RJY, KRY, SuB), four on the bike trail N of Brown’s Rd, and five on the NCC property S of Brown’s Rd (EP, KHo). The last two reports were a female seen on August 20 at Harrow, Essex (JL) and one seen on August 23 at Sparrow Field, Point Pelee NP, Essex, nectaring on Solidago (GRT).
Lethe anthedon NORTHERN PEARLY-EYE
In 2013 - 248 records, starting with one seen on June 13 at the Thompson Tract at the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR), one photographed on June 17 at Valens CA, Hamilton-Wentworth (BVR) and two seen on June 18 on the east trails at Conestoga Marsh, Wellington “very fresh looking males with a violet cast” (GR). There were 13 reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting with three on July 2, singles at Bab Lake, Big Pines Trail and along Sunday Lake Road in a sedge meadow along Rock Creek (CDJ, STJ); the latest was two seen on August 11 at Found Lake (RMa). There were 21 reports from Rainy River, mostly from Devlin, between June 30 and August 15 (MSD). There were six from Thunder Bay: three on July 9 and one on the 10th at William Bog NR, and two on August 4 at Lyda Bay, all caught and released (SCB); singles seen on July 13 and August 3 at Alice Ave. (NGE); and one photographed on
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Current Ave on August 7 (EWi). There were nine reports from Kenora, starting with one photographed on July 3 at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic (ERi) and finishing with one on August 13 at Rushing River PP (MSD). One seen on July 21 on the Bigwood Lake Trail at Sioux Lookout, Kenora (MiL) was the farthest north record. There were no reports of nectaring, or even of an individual perched on a flower. They were reported on leaves, on a Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), on the shaded area of an Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana) trunk, on the trunk of a bush, on an oak branch on the ground, on an Ironwood branch captured by a dragonfly, on and around horse dung, and taking salts from the road. There were just five counts of ten or more: on June 30 JB counted 20 on Charlie Allen Road, Rockcroft, Peterborough, and there were two high counts from the Thompson Tract at rare, 20 on July 11 and 24 on July 6 (AmR). On September 8 BAM photographed one at the Moore Wildlife Management Area, Lambton and commented “fresh, likely a rare second brood”. This was by far the latest report; other late ones included one photographed on August 18 near Wolfe Lake, Leeds-Grenville (RT) and one photographed on August 19 in the New Park area of McGregor Point PP, Bruce (TRa).
Lethe eurydice EYED BROWN
In 2013 - 208 records. The first report was on June 15, one photographed west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL). Next was a report on the 18th by GR of two seen on the west trails at Conestoga Marsh, Wellington; this he followed with reports from the same place of six on the 20th, seven on the 21st, eight on the 22nd, 16 on the 24th and 14 on the 26th, confirming the presence of a large colony in the marsh. There were six reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting with three on July 3, singles seen on Hwy 60 at Centennial Ridges Road, and on Hwy 60 near Mew Lake (RCa) and one at the Whitefish Lake Pow-Wow Site (CDJ, KHa, STJ); the latest was three seen on July 23 in the meadow on the S side of Hwy 60 at km 18 (RMa, PBM). In the north there were just six from Rainy River, from July 8 at Big Fork (MSD) to July 23 on Hwy 600 and Wilson Creek Road (DHE, MSD). On June 26 on the east trails at Conestoga Marsh GR encountered a wandering female at least 900 m from the breeding site, and on June 29 three wandering males on the west trails. On July 13 at the field by Zehr’s Plaza in Listowel, Perth, GR saw yet another “off site wanderer”. On October 3, at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland, KAn photographed one “fresh, must be a second generation”: this is the latest date in Ontario by more than six weeks! The second-latest report was also by KAn at Presqui’ile PP: one seen on August 18. There were no reports of feeding, on anything. But that is not surprising. There is only one such record in the Ontario Butterfly Atlas database: three feeding on a dead deer at Shirley’s Bay, Ottawa, in 2010. More numerous than most species; there were 33 reports of ten or more. Highest counts were 25 on July 6 at the Fen Entrance Trail at Brucedale, Bruce (GR), 50 on July11 on Basin Lake Road, Algonquin PP, Nipissing (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM) and 60 on June 23 at the NE corner of Wilson and Columbus Rds., E of Columbus, Durham (DBa, MC).
Lethe appalachia APPALACHIAN BROWN
In 2013 - 37 records. The earliest reports were on June 26 when four were photographed at Welland Marsh North, Niagara and on the 27th when one was photographed on Brinklow Road/ Heritage Trail, Hastings (RCa), the first record from Hastings. On June 29 one was seen in an ash swamp along the boardwalk at the Nonquon PWA (D. Carroll site) on Scugog Line 10, Durham (JK). The northernmost reports were from Con. 10 in the Larose Forest, Prescott-Russell, singles seen on July 6 (PH) and 11 (DLe). On July 7 at the Lowe Road extension, Ottawa, MOl reported two, along with many other species, “everything flying in rain, gradually getting more, 10:30 to 12:45”. On July 22 DaE and JoH reported seeing and photographing ten at the Menzel Centennial NR, Lennox & Addington, but commented “probably more than 25 flying”. The highest actual count was 25 on July 21, also with photographs, in woodland at McGregor Point PP,
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Bruce (BAM). The latest reports were three in August: one photographed on the 2nd on Silcote Side Road 30, Grey (MEa), the first record from Grey; one seen on the 5th at the Odessa Alvar, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH) and two on the 12th at the Menzel Centennial NR (DaE, JoH).
Megisto cymela LITTLE WOOD-SATYR
In 2013 - 440 records, beginning with five reports on May 31: singles seen at the Rotary Park, Ajax, Durham (RP), the Cataraqui Trail E of Curl Road, Lennox & Addington (JPo), and the Nortel Woods, Ottawa (CBr), and south of Marmora, Hastings, two reports with a total of seven seen (JB, RJY, KRY). There were five reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, starting with two seen on June 15 on Hwy 60 at km 8 (KeMo, JB) and finishing with one seen on July 11 on Basin Lake Road (RMa, IS, SoB, PBM). There were only four reports from the north, two seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (GP) and three reports from Devlin, Rainy River, on July 4, 7 and 11 (MSD). On June 23 RCa saw three puddling on a sandy road at the Wilson Tract at St. Williams, Norfolk, only the second time that one has ever been reported imbibing anything; the only previous report was of one nectaring on Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens) at Heber Rogers CA, Peterborough in 1986. There were two reports of mating pairs, on June 15 at Morris Island CA, Ottawa (PH, JHa) and on June 23 on the South Trail of the New Park area of McGregor Point PP, Bruce (TRa). This species was much more abundant than most; there were 99 reports of ten or more, and eight of more than 100. The highest were an estimate of 250 on June 9 on the Trans-Canada Trail, west of Westgate Rd, Frontenac (DaE, JoH), and 362 counted on June 16 on the Forest Access Road off Jack Lake Road, Peterborough (JB, TB). The four latest reports were all sight records from the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo: on July 30 and August 15 on the Cliffs and Alvars Trail, and on August 1 and 21 at the Thompson Tract (AmR).
Coenonympha tullia COMMON RINGLET
In 2013 - 730 records. The first report was on May 8 when three were seen on Glenorchy Butterfly Transect L, Halton (BVR) followed by one on May 21 at the Thompson Tract at the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo (AmR) and one on May 23 on Elmbrook Road, Prince Edward (JD). There were five reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between June 15 when four were seen at Mew Lake and 35 on Hwy 60 at km 8 (KeMo, JB) and July 3 when four were at the Old Airfield (RCa). There were 21 reports from the north: four seen on June 15 at Killarney Mountain Lodge, Sudbury (GP); in Thunder Bay three reports: 25 seen on June 29 at the Kakabeka Falls generating station and one seen on July 5 at Alice Ave. (NGE) and three caught and released on July 10 at William Bog NR (SCB); reports on June 30 and July 1 at Devlin, Rainy River (MSD); and from the Hannah Bay/ East Point shorebird banding camp, Cochrane, on seven dates between July 17 and July 30 (JI, ChF, ACo) and eight dates from July 31 to August 12 (MVB, RWo, ABu). The highest count there was 25, on August 5. There were no obvious gaps in the records to define the two generations but there were lower than normal numbers of reports in the first half of July. There were only three reports of freshness, but they very nicely confirm this. On July 6 RP reported two from East Cross CA, Durham “one worn”, and on July 13 GR reported one from Listowel, Perth “faded and worn”. And on July 22, ChB reported one on the bike path at Bruce Pit, Bells Corners, Ottawa “one, fresh second generation”. On August 31 GR saw 18, including a mated pair, at the old railway in Listowel. There were no reports of nectaring, but on August 21 RCa reported about 30 at the McCarton Road extension, Ottawa, many puddling on damp sand/gravel/mud, and photographed one “feeding on scat”, see photo on page 54. There were three “accident reports”: one on June 4 at Murphy’s Point PP, Lanark “caught by an Eastern Pondhawk” (PH, JHa); one on June 20, at the Mississippi Snye near Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa one “with its head bitten off, being carried by a medium-sized green dragonfly” (RAL); and on
75 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
September 3, on Mersea Road 6 west of Wheatley, Essex, one “dead – eaten by a jagged ambush bug” (JCL). There were 168 reports of ten or more, but only three of more than 100. On June 19 LJ estimated 100+ on Copeland Road, Richmond, Ottawa, on August 31 MOl made the same estimate, on the Lowe Road extension, Ottawa, and on August 24 DLe estimated 200+ at the Perth Wildlife Reserve, Lanark. The latest two reports were of singles, seen on September 23 at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro-Toronto (BH) and on September 25 on a hydro easement 5 km S of Bells Corners, Ottawa (LJ).
Cercyonis pegala COMMON WOOD-NYMPH
In 2013 - 455 records, starting with two from the rare Charitable Research Reserve, Waterloo: six seen on June 17 at the Thompson Tract and two on June 15 on the Cliffs and Alvars Trail (AmR), followed by one seen on June 20 at Bronte Creek PP, Halton (BVR). There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, singles seen on July 31 on Martin Lake Road (IS, RMa) and on August 9 at Cache Lake (CB). There were 37 reports from the north: two from Kenora, one photographed on July 20 nectaring on Oxeye Daisy, 5.5 km N of Dryden (AnM) and one photographed on August 15 at Lisa Lane, S of Dinorwic (ERi); five from Thunder Bay between August 3 and September 7, both records from Alice Ave. (NGE); and 30 reports from Rainy River, mostly from Devlin, the dates ranging from July 13 at Atikokan (DHE) to August 26, Wilson Creek Road in Dawson Twp. (DHE, MSD). On nine dates between July 15 and 26, JCL reported, from Mersea Road 6 west of Wheatley, Essex, between four and seven individuals always in or “around a patch of Basil (exotic) growing wild in meadow”. On the 18th, 19th and 20th they were “in courtship” in the Basil. There was just one other report of nectaring, one seen on July 23 at the Mohr’s Road extension, Ottawa, nectaring on a huge, seven-foot-tall Bull Thistle (RAL). There were 59 reports of ten or more, and just two of more than 100. Three of the highest counts were from the Thompson Tract at rare: 78 on July 17, 80 on July 6 and 119 on July 11 (AmR). The highest of all, an estimated 750, was on July 18 on Hwy 613S, at Box Alder, Rainy River (MSD). The three latest records were all singles, on August 28 at Winchester Bog, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry (RCa) and on August 29 at Tamarack Acres, Lanark (ASi) and one photographed on Sedum on Mersea Road 6 west of Wheatley, Essex (JCL).
Erebia mancinus TAIGA ALPINE
In 2013 - No records. Last reported in 2012, in Thunder Bay.
Erebia discoidalis RED-DISKED ALPINE
In 2013 - No records. No reports since 2008 in Thunder Bay.
Oeneis macounii MACOUN’S ARCTIC
In 2013 - No records. This species flies only in even-numbered years in Ontario.
76 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Oeneis chryxus CHRYXUS ARCTIC
In 2013 - eight records. The first reports were of six seen on May 18 on Sandy Lake Road, Peterborough (JB) and one on May 20 on the Thomas Dolan Parkway on the Carp Ridge, Ottawa (PH, JHa). There were two reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, three seen on May 26 at the Old Airfield (LF, VGo) and one on May 30 at Mew Lake (KeMo, JB), one of the latest reports. On May 26 eight were seen on an Ontario Hydro road S of Cloyne, Lennox & Addington (DaE, JoH), the highest count. And one more report on the latest date, May 30: a faded and worn individual seen on Henderson Road north of Hungry Bay Road, Frontenac (DaE, JoH).
Oeneis jutta JUTTA ARCTIC
In 2013 - four records, all from the Mer Bleue Boardwalk, Ottawa: a few seen on May 27 (TH); three photographed on May 30 (PH); three seen on June 1, including a pair in copula, on cotton grass (CL, BBr); and another three seen and photographed on June 1 (PH, RJY, KRY), see photo on page 54.
Oeneis melissa MELISSA ARCTIC
In 2013 - No records. Last reported in 1990 at the mouth of the Little Shagamu River, Kenora, on Hudson Bay.
Danaus plexippus MONARCH
In 2013 – 799 records. The first migrant was one seen on May 20, on Duke St., S of Garden Hill, Northumberland (RJP). On May 22 there were two more, on the Owen Point Trail at Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (CWe) and at the Tip of Long Point, Norfolk (AT). Numbers were very low; on June 2 SCB saw “many” in a grassy area near the HQ building at the Long Point Bird Observatory, Norfolk: this was the only report of more than three until July 14, when HoH saw ten “cruising over the milkweed fields close to the main gate” at the Leslie St. Spit, Metro-Toronto. There were twenty reports from Algonquin PP, Nipissing, between June 19, on Hwy 60 at the Lookout Trail (IS) and September 12 at Odenbach (LF, KSa, TRS). There were 15 reports from the north, including very early ones in Algoma, on May 27 on Hwy 648 (MVB, KBu) and on Gordon Lake Road (ABu); in Thunder Bay, one seen on May 31 near Hymers (JiCa); and in Sudbury, one on June 15 at the Killarney Mountain Lodge (GP). Other reports were much later: in Rainy River three between July 16 and August 26 (DHE, MSD), in Thunder Bay, at Current Ave., six eggs found on July 13 and an adult photographed on September 3 (EWi), in Manitoulin three on September 27, at Barrie Island, Evansville and Kagawong (MSD), and in Kenora, one seen on September 29 at the Van Horne Dock in Dryden, flying south (AJH). There were 22 reports of eggs, 23 of larvae, and nine reports of ovipositing females, with no mention of any milkweed other than Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). There were no reports of courting behaviour, and just two of mating pairs. On August 3, on the Young Road extension S of Arnprior, Renfrew, RAL saw a pair in copula in a dense clump of Common Milkweed. And on September 1 on the Leslie St. Spit, HoH saw “two mating pairs, one of which included a tagged female”. There were many reports of nectaring, on a wide variety of plants: Red Clover, butterfly bush, “tall verbena”, Liatris, Milkweed, Black-Eyed Susan, New England Aster, Queen Anne’s Lace, Solidago and Purple Loosestrife.
The numbers of butterflies reported remained about the same, but the number of reports picked up sharply in mid-July, and stayed high until October. The number of generations can’t be determined, but on July 12,
77 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______on Gunn’s Road at the Pine River, Renfrew, RAL watched a female lay an egg; he collected it and reared a female which emerged just 32 days after the egg-laying. So there was certainly time for three or even four generations. There were 94 reports of more than ten, but only eight of 100 or more. Four of these were from the Rosetta McClain Gardens in Scarborough, Metro-Toronto: 100 on September 24, 108 on October 17, 120 on September 14 and 175 on October 8. These were counted while monitoring the fall hawk migration; the butterflies “fly right by us as they make their way along Lake Ontario’s north shore” (WF). Three reports were from Monarch Landing, 1 km E of Port Burwell, Elgin: 100 on September 24 (AaA), about 250 on September 6 (AaA, KaB), and the highest estimate, 350-400 on September 5 (AaA).
The highest count was of 2,000 on October 2, at Point Pelee NP, Essex, near the tip; there were “three separate large roosts and several mini roosts” (AMcK). Sightings continued regularly until very late, with more than a hundred reports in October. The last reports, all singles, were in November: on the 5th at Rosetta McClain Gardens (WF); on the 6th on Allen Road, S of Grantley, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry, a male in good condition found dead on a road, after heavy frosts (CEr); and on the 10th, a moribund individual seen at the Lighthouse area of Presqu’ile PP, Northumberland (IS).
78 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Correspondence between plant names used in this publication and VASCAN names
VASCAN is the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. It is a comprehensive list of all vascular plants reported in Canada, Greenland (Denmark) and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France). VASCAN is widely accepted by botanists as the current authority for Canadian botanical taxonomy: http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/search
Name in this publication VASCAN Common Name VASCAN Scientific Name (each word begins with a capital letter for a specific species) Alder Speckled Alder Alnus incana Alsike Clover Alsike Clover Trifolium hybridum Balsam Fir Balsam Fir Abies balsamea Balsam Poplar Balsam Poplar Populus balsamifera Bearberry Common Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bitter Wintercress Bitter Wintercress Barbarea vulgaris Black-Eyed Susan Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Bladder Campion Bladder Campion Silene vulgaris Blue Flag Harlequin Blue Flag Iris versicolor Blueberry blueberry Vaccinium sp. Bull Thistle Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare Burdock burdock Arctium sp. Butterfly Bush Butterfly Bush Buddleia sp. Canada Thistle Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense Carrot Carrot Daucus carota sativus Charlock Corn Mustard Sinapis arvensis Cherry cherry Prunus sp. Chicory Wild Chicory Cichorium intybus Chokecherry Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Ciliolate Aster Lindsey’s Aster Symphyotrichum ciliolatum Cow Vetch Tufted Vetch Viccia cracca Crown Vetch Purple Crown Vetch Segurifera varia Cup Plant Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum Daisy Fleabane Hyssop-leaved Fleabane Erigeron hyssopifolius Dandelion dandelion Taraxacum sp. Dill Dill Anethum graveolens Dock dock Rumex sp. Downy Raspberry Dewberry Rubus pubescens Dwarf Mallow Dwarf Mallow Malva neglecta Elm elm Ulmus sp. Fleabane fleabane Erigeron sp. Gas Plant Gas Plant Dictamnus albus Germander Germander Teucrium sp.
79 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Name in this publication VASCAN Common Name VASCAN Scientific Name Gomphrena Gomphrena Gomphrena sp. Grey Dogwood Grey Dogwood Cornus racemosa Hackberry Common Hackberry Celtis occidentalis Hawkweed hawkweed Hieracium sp. Hop Tree Common Hop Tree Ptelea trifoliatum Indian Hemp Hemp Dogbane Apocynum cannabinum Ironwood Eastern Hop-Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana Jackpine Jackpine Pinus banksiana Joe-Pye-Weed Spotted Joe Pye Weed Euchotrium maculatum Leatherleaf Leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata Lilac Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris Lopseed Lopseed Phryma leptostachya Lovage lovage Ligusticum sp. Lupine lupine Lupinus sp. Marjoram Wild Marjoram Origanum vulgare Meadowsweet Broad-leaved Meadowsweet Spiraea latifolia Milkweed Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Milkweed milkweed Asclepias sp. New England Aster New England Aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Ninebark Eastern Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Nodding Thistle Nodding Thistle Carduus nutans Orange Hawkweed Orange Hawkweed Pilosella aurantiaca Ox-Eye Daisy Ox-Eye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Parsley Garden Parsley Petroselium crispum Partridgeberry Partridgeberry Mitchella repens Peach-leaved Willow Peach-leaved Willow Salix amygdaloides Pearly Everlasting Pearly Everlasting Anaphilis margaritacea Pitcher Plant Northern Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea Prickly-Ash Common Prickly-Ash Zanthoxylum americanum Purple Coneflower Eastern Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Purple Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Pussy Willow Pussy Willow Salix discolor Pussytoes pussytoes Antennaria sp. Queen Anne’s Lace Wild Carrot Daucus carota Red Clover Red Clover Trifolium pratense Rough Blazing-Star Rough Blazing-Star Liatris aspersa Scotch Lovage Scotch Lovage Ligusticum scoticum Sea Holly Seaside Eryngo Eryngium maritimum Sheep Sorrel Sheep Sorrel Rumex acetosella Shrubby False Indigo Shrubby False Indigo Amorpha fruticosa Slender Willow Meadow Willow Salix petiolaris Spring Beauty Spring Beauty Claytonia sp. Spruce spruce Picea sp. Stinging Nettle Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica
80 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Name in this publication VASCAN Common Name VASCAN Scientific Name Sugar Maple Sugar Maple Acer saccarum Swamp Milkweed Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Swamp Rose Mallow Swamp Rose Mallow Hibiscus moscheutos Sweet William Sweet William Dianthus barbatus Toothwort toothwort Cardamine sp. Trembling Aspen Trembling Aspen Populus tremuloides Turtlehead White Turtlehead Chelone glabra Vervain vervain Verbena sp. Viper’s Bugloss Common Viper Bugloss Echium vulgare White Clover White Clover Trifolium repens Wild Indigo Yellow Wild Indigo Baptisia tinctoria Wild Strawberry Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana Yellow Trout Lily Yellow Trout Lily Erythronium americanum
81 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
CHECKLIST OF ONTARIO BUTTERFLIES AND SKIPPERS
by Colin D. Jones
Superfamily: HESPERIOIDEA Latreille Family: HESPERIIDAE Latreille SKIPPERS Subfamily: Pyrginae Burmeister PYRGINE SKIPPERS
___ Epargyreus clarus (Cramer) SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER a) clarus ___ Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus) LONG-TAILED SKIPPER ___ Achalarus lyciades (Geyer) HOARY EDGE ___ Thorybes bathyllus (J.E. Smith) SOUTHERN CLOUDYWING ___ Thorybes pylades (Scudder) NORTHERN CLOUDYWING a) pylades ___ Staphylus hayhurstii (W.H. Edwards) HAYHURST'S SCALLOPWING ___ Erynnis icelus (Scudder & Burgess) DREAMY DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis brizo (Boisduval & Leconte) SLEEPY DUSKYWING a) brizo ___ Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius) JUVENAL'S DUSKYWING a) juvenalis ___ Erynnis horatius (Scudder & Burgess) HORACE'S DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis martialis (Scudder) MOTTLED DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis zarucco (Lucas) ZARUCCO DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis funeralis (Scudder & Burgess) FUNEREAL DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis lucilius (Scudder & Burgess) COLUMBINE DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis baptisiae (Forbes) WILD INDIGO DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis persius (Scudder) a) persius EASTERN PERSIUS DUSKYWING b) borealis (Cary) BOREAL PERSIUS DUSKYWING ___ Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur) GRIZZLED SKIPPER a) freija (Warren) ___ Pyrgus communis (Grote) COMMON CHECKERED-SKIPPER ___ Pholisora catullus (Fabricius) COMMON SOOTYWING
Subfamily Heteropterinae Aurivillius INTERMEDIATE SKIPPERS
___ Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas) ARCTIC SKIPPER a) mandan (W.H. Edwards)
Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille BRANDED SKIPPERS
___ Lerema accius (J.E. Smith) CLOUDED SKIPPER ___ Ancyloxypha numitor (Fabricius) LEAST SKIPPER ___ Oarisma garita (Reakirt) GARITA SKIPPERLING ___ Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer) EUROPEAN SKIPPER ___ Hylephila phyleus (Drury) FIERY SKIPPER a) phyleus ___ Hesperia comma (Linnaeus) COMMON BRANDED SKIPPER a) manitoba (Scudder) b) borealis Lindsey c) laurentina (Lyman) ___ Hesperia leonardus Harris LEONARD'S SKIPPER a) leonardus ___ Hesperia sassacus Harris INDIAN SKIPPER ___ Polites peckius (W. Kirby) PECK'S SKIPPER ___ Polites themistocles (Latreille) TAWNY-EDGED SKIPPER ___ Polites origenes (Fabricius) CROSSLINE SKIPPER a) origenes ___Polites mystic (W.H. Edwards) LONG DASH 82 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
___ Polites vibex (Geyer) WHIRLABOUT a) vibex ___ Wallengrenia egeremet (Scudder) NORTHERN BROKEN-DASH ___ Pompeius verna (W.H. Edwards) LITTLE GLASSYWING ___ Atalopedes campestris (Boisduval) SACHEM ___ Anatrytone logan (W.H. Edwards) DELAWARE SKIPPER a) logan ___ Poanes massasoit (Scudder) MULBERRY WING a) massasoit ___ Poanes hobomok (Harris) HOBOMOK SKIPPER = form “pocahontas” (Scudder) ___ Poanes zabulon (Boisduval and Leconte) ZABULON SKIPPER ___ Poanes viator (W.H. Edwards) BROAD-WINGED SKIPPER a) viator ___ Euphyes dion (W.H. Edwards) DION SKIPPER a) dion ___ Euphyes dukesi (Lindsey) DUKES' SKIPPER ___ Euphyes conspicua (W.H. Edwards) BLACK DASH a) conspicua ___ Euphyes bimacula (Grote & Robinson) TWO-SPOTTED SKIPPER a) bimacula ___ Euphyes vestris (Boisduval) DUN SKIPPER a) metacomet (Harris) ___ Atrytonopsis hianna (Scudder) DUSTED SKIPPER a) hianna ___ Amblyscirtes hegon (Scudder) PEPPER AND SALT SKIPPER ___ Amblyscirtes vialis (W.H. Edwards) COMMON ROADSIDE SKIPPER ___ Calpodes ethlius (Stoll) BRAZILIAN SKIPPER ___ Panoquina ocola (W.H. Edwards) OCOLA SKIPPER
Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA Latreille Family PAPILIONIDAE Latreille Subfamily Papilioninae Latreille SWALLOWTAILS ___ Battus philenor (Linnaeus) PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL a) philenor ___ Eurytides marcellus (Cramer) ZEBRA SWALLOWTAIL ___ Papilio polyxenes Fabricius BLACK SWALLOWTAIL a) asterias Stoll ___ Papilio machaon Linnaeus OLD WORLD SWALLOWTAIL a) hudsonianus A.H. Clark ___ Papilio cresphontes Cramer GIANT SWALLOWTAIL ___ Papilio glaucus Linnaeus EASTERN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL a) glaucus ___ Papilio canadensis Rothschild & Jordan CANADIAN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL ___ Papilio troilus Linnaeus SPICEBUSH SWALLOWTAIL a) troilus
Family PIERIDAE Duponchel Subfamily Pierinae Duponchel WHITES AND MARBLES
___ Pontia protodice (Boisduval & Leconte) CHECKERED WHITE ___ Pontia occidentalis (Reakirt) WESTERN WHITE a) occidentalis ___ Pieris oleracea Harris MUSTARD WHITE a) oleracea ___ Pieris virginiensis W.H. Edwards WEST VIRGINIA WHITE ___ Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) CABBAGE WHITE ___ Ascia monuste (Linnaeus) GREAT SOUTHERN WHITE ___ Euchloe ausonides Lucas LARGE MARBLE a) ausonides ___ Euchloe olympia (W.H. Edwards) OLYMPIA MARBLE
83 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
Subfamily Coliadinae Swainson SULPHURS
___ Colias philodice Godart CLOUDED SULPHUR a) philodice ___ Colias eurytheme Boisduval ORANGE SULPHUR ___ Colias gigantea Strecker GIANT SULPHUR a) gigantea ___ Colias pelidne Boisduval & Leconte PELIDNE SULPHUR a) pelidne ___ Colias interior Scudder PINK-EDGED SULPHUR ___ Colias palaeno (Linnaeus) PALAENO SULPHUR a) chippewa (W.H. Edwards) ___ Zerene cesonia (Stoll) SOUTHERN DOGFACE ___ Phoebis sennae (Linnaeus) CLOUDLESS SULPHUR a) eubule (Linnaeus) ___ Phoebis philea (Linnaeus) ORANGE-BARRED SULPHUR ___ Eurema mexicanum (Boisduval) MEXICAN YELLOW ___ Pyrisitia lisa (Boisduval & Leconte) LITTLE YELLOW ___ Abaeis nicippe (Cramer) SLEEPY ORANGE ___ Nathalis iole (Boisduval) DAINTY SULPHUR
Family LYCAENIDAE Leach Subfamily Miletinae Corbet HARVESTERS
___ Feniseca tarquinius (Fabricius) THE HARVESTER
Subfamily Lycaeninae Leach COPPERS
___ Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus) AMERICAN COPPER a) americana Harris ___ Lycaena dione (Scudder) GRAY COPPER ___ Lycaena hyllus (Cramer) BRONZE COPPER ___ Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte) BOG COPPER a) michiganensis Rawson ___ Lycaena dorcas W. Kirby DORCAS COPPER a) dorcas ___ Lycaena helloides (Boisduval) PURPLISH COPPER
Subfamily Theclinae Swainson HAIRSTREAKS
___ Satyrium acadica (W.H. Edwards) ACADIAN HAIRSTREAK a) acadica ___ Satyrium titus (Fabricius) CORAL HAIRSTREAK a) titus ___ Satyrium edwardsii (Grote & Robinson) EDWARDS’ HAIRSTREAK ___ Satyrium calanus (Hübner) BANDED HAIRSTREAK a) falacer (Godart) ___ Satyrium caryaevorus (McDunnough) HICKORY HAIRSTREAK ___ Satyrium liparops (Leconte) STRIPED HAIRSTREAK a) strigosum (Harris) b) fletcheri (Michener & dos Passos) ___ Satyrium favonius (J.E. Smith) SOUTHERN HAIRSTREAK a) ontario (W.H. Edwards) ___ Callophrys gryneus (Hübner) JUNIPER HAIRSTREAK a) gryneus ___ Callophrys augustinus (Westwood) BROWN ELFIN a) augustinus ___ Callophrys polios (Cook & Watson) HOARY ELFIN a) polios ___ Callophrys irus (Godart) FROSTED ELFIN a) irus ___ Callophrys henrici (Grote & Robinson) HENRY’S ELFIN a) henrici
84 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
___ Callophrys lanoraieensis (Sheppard) BOG ELFIN ___ Callophrys niphon (Hübner) EASTERN PINE ELFIN a) clarki (T.N. Freeman) ___ Callophrys eryphon (Boisduval) WESTERN PINE ELFIN b) eryphon ___ Parrhasius m-album (Boisduval & Leconte) WHITE-M HAIRSTREAK ___ Strymon melinus Hübner GRAY HAIRSTREAK a) melinus b) franki Field ___ Erora laeta (W.H. Edwards) EARLY HAIRSTREAK
Subfamily Polyommatinae Swainson BLUES
___ Leptotes marina (Reakirt) MARINE BLUE ___ Cupido comyntas (Godart) EASTERN TAILED-BLUE a) comyntas ___ Cupido amyntula (Boisduval) WESTERN TAILED-BLUE a) albrighti Clench ___ Celastrina lucia (W. Kirby) SPRING AZURE ___ Celastrina neglecta (W.H. Edwards) SUMMER AZURE a) neglecta ___ Celastrina serotina Pavulaan and Wright CHERRY GALL AZURE ___ Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Doubleday) SILVERY BLUE a) couperi Grote ___ Plebejus idas (Linnaeus) NORTHERN BLUE a) scudderi (W.H. Edwards) ___ Plebejus melissa (W.H. Edwards) MELISSA (KARNER) BLUE a) samuelis Nabokov ___ Plebejus saepiolus (Boisduval) GREENISH BLUE a) amica (W.H. Edwards) ___ Plebejus glandon (de Prunner) ARCTIC BLUE d) franklinii (Curtis)
Family NYMPHALIDAE Swainson Subfamily Libytheinae Boisduval SNOUTS
___ Libytheana carinenta (Cramer) AMERICAN SNOUT a) bachmanii (Kirtland)
Subfamily Heliconiinae Swainson HELICONIANS AND FRITILLARIES
___ Agraulis vanillae (Linnaeus) GULF FRITILLARY ___ Euptoieta claudia (Cramer) VARIEGATED FRITILLARY ___ Speyeria cybele (Fabricius) GREAT SPANGLED FRITILLARY a) cybele b) krautwurmi (Holland) ___ Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius) APHRODITE FRITILLARY a) aphrodite b) alcestis (W.H. Edwards) ___ Speyeria idalia (Drury) REGAL FRITILLARY ___ Speyeria atlantis (W.H. Edwards) ATLANTIS FRITILLARY a) atlantis (W.H. Edwards) b) canadensis (dos Passos) ___ Boloria eunomia (Esper) BOG FRITILLARY a) triclaris (Hübner) b) dawsoni (Barnes & McDunnough) ___ Boloria selene [Denis & Schiffermuller] SILVER-BORDERED FRITILLARY a) atrocostalis (Huard)
85 Ontario Lepidoptera 2013______
___ Boloria bellona (Fabricius) MEADOW FRITILLARY a) bellona b) toddi (Holland) ___ Boloria frigga (Thunberg) SAGA FRITILLARY a) saga (Staudinger) ___ Boloria freija (Thunberg) FREIJA FRITILLARY a) freija ___ Boloria chariclea (Schneider) ARCTIC FRITILLARY a) arctica (Zetterstedt) b) grandis (Barnes & McDunnough)
Subfamily Nymphalinae Swainson TRUE BRUSHFOOTS
___ Chlosyne gorgone (Hübner) GORGONE CHECKERSPOT a) carlota (Reakirt) ___ Chlosyne nycteis (Doubleday) SILVERY CHECKERSPOT a) nycteis ___ Chlosyne harrisii (Scudder) HARRIS’S CHECKERSPOT a) harrisii ___ Phyciodes tharos (Drury) PEARL CRESCENT a) tharos ___ Phyciodes cocyta (Cramer) NORTHERN CRESCENT ___ Phyciodes batesii (Reakirt) TAWNY CRESCENT a) batesii ___ Euphydryas phaeton (Drury) BALTIMORE CHECKERSPOT a) phaeton ___ Polygonia interrogationis (Fabricius) QUESTION MARK = form “umbrosa” (Lintner) ___ Polygonia comma (Harris) EASTERN COMMA ___ Polygonia satyrus (W.H. Edwards) SATYR COMMA ___ Polygonia faunus (W.H. Edwards) GREEN COMMA a) faunus ___ Polygonia gracilis (Grote & Robinson) HOARY COMMA a) gracilis ___ Polygonia progne (Cramer) GRAY COMMA ___ Nymphalis l-album (Esper) COMPTON TORTOISESHELL ___ Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus) a) hyperborea (Seitz) NORTHERN MOURNING CLOAK b) lintnerii (Fitch) LINTNER’S MOURNING CLOAK ___ Aglais milberti (Godart) MILBERT’S TORTOISESHELL a) milberti ___ Vanessa virginiensis (Drury) AMERICAN LADY ___ Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) PAINTED LADY ___ Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus) RED ADMIRAL a) rubria (Fruhstorfer) ___ Junonia coenia (Hübner) COMMON BUCKEYE a) coenia
Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr ADMIRALS
___ Limenitis arthemis (Drury) a) arthemis (Drury) WHITE ADMIRAL b) astyanax (Fabricius) RED-SPOTTED PURPLE ___ Limenitis archippus (Cramer) VICEROY a) archippus ___ Limenitis weidemeyerii (W.H. Edwards) WEIDEMEYER’S ADMIRAL
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Subfamily Apaturinae Boisduval EMPERORS
___ Asterocampa celtis (Boisduval & Leconte) HACKBERRY EMPEROR a) celtis ___ Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval & Leconte) TAWNY EMPEROR a) clyton
Subfamily Satyrinae Boisduval SATYRS AND WOOD-NYMPHS
___ Lethe anthedon A. Clark NORTHERN PEARLY-EYE ___ Lethe eurydice (Linnaeus) EYED BROWN a) eurydice ___ Lethe appalachia (R.L. Chermock) APPALACHIAN BROWN a) leeuwi (Gatrelle & Arbogast) ___ Megisto cymela (Cramer) LITTLE WOOD-SATYR a) cymela ___ Coenonympha tullia (Müller) COMMON RINGLET a) inornata W.H. Edwards ___ Cercyonis pegala (Fabricius) COMMON WOOD-NYMPH a) nephele (W. Kirby) ___ Erebia mancinus Doubleday TAIGA ALPINE ___ Erebia discoidalis (W. Kirby) RED-DISKED ALPINE a) discoidalis ___ Oeneis macounii (W.H. Edwards) MACOUN’S ARCTIC ___ Oeneis chryxus (Doubleday & Hewitson) CHRYXUS ARCTIC a) strigulosa McDunnough b) calais (Scudder) ___ Oeneis jutta (Hübner) JUTTA ARCTIC b) ascerta Masters & Sorensen d) harperi F.H. Chermock ___ Oeneis melissa (Fabricius) MELISSA ARCTIC a) semplei Holland
Subfamily Danainae Duponchel MILKWEED BUTTTERFLIES
___ Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) MONARCH a) plexippus
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