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Resettlement Policy Framework (Rpf) REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT Project N˚ P164847 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) February 2021 SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) The current document is the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the Mozambican component of the Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project - Project code P164847. The document is divided in three parts, as follows: PART I – SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN PORTUGUESE) PART II – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PART III – MAIN DOCUMENT Appendices are provided at the end of the main document. RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK- RPF SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) PART I - SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO Introdução Moçambique e Malawi solicitaram apoio à Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento para o financiamento do Projecto de Comércio e Conectividade da África Austral (adiante denominado "Projecto" ou "SATCP" - abreviado do inglês Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project). O Governo de Moçambique, representado pelo Ministério da Economia e Finanças, está a candidatar-se a subvenções da Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento para implementar o Projecto. O Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações e a Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) serão responsáveis pela implementação do projecto com forte participação dos municípios, distritos e comunidades beneficiárias e afectadas, bem como do Grupo de Trabalho do Corredor, que é um órgão de trabalho inter-agências que fornecerá supervisão na implementação do projecto. O Grupo de Trabalho do Corredor foi criado no âmbito do Comité Nacional de Facilitação do Comércio e é presidido pelo Ministério da Indústria e Comércio e pela Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique. O Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações, como agência de execução de parte dos fundos do Projecto, para serviços de consultoria no âmbito da preparação do Projecto, solicitou a elaboração de um Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social (QGAS) e um Quadro de Políticas de Reassentamento (QPR). Este documento é o Quadro de Políticas de Reassentamento (QPR) do Projecto SATCP, e estabelece os princípios de reassentamento e compensação, arranjos organizacionais e o desenho de critérios a serem seguidos para atender às necessidades das partes potencialmente afectadas pelo projecto. Este QPR se aplica a todas actividades do projecto, e a ele associadas, a serem implementadas em Moçambique. Descrição do projecto O Objectivo do Desenvolvimento do Projecto é de reduzir os custos de comércio e transporte e aumentar o investimento privado ao longo dos corredores selecionados em Malawi e Moçambique. O Projecto tem cinco componentes que visam fortalecer os corredores seleccionados para se tornarem competitivos, complementares e resilientes às alterações climáticas, por forma a ajudar a reduzir os custos do comércio e de transporte ao longo dos corredores. As componentes do Projecto resumem-se em: Componente 1: Reduzir custos do comércio, por meio da facilitação do comércio, incluindo infraestruturas fronteiriças e reformas regulamentares. Subcomponente 1.1. Viabilização do Comércio Digital: Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para o Comércio. Subcomponente 1.2. Melhorar as fronteiras e a sua gestão (expansão e reabilitação dos postos fronteiriços de Milange no corredor de Nacala, Zóbuè, Calómuè e Cassacatiza no corredor da Beira, e Ponta do Ouro no corredor de Maputo). Subcomponente 1.3. Reforço da capacidade institucional em comércio e conectividade. Componente 2: Reforçar a coordenação regional e a implementação do projecto (reforçar a coordenação regional, prover apoio ao actual Comité Tripartido do Corredor de Desenvolvimento de Nacala através de: Mecanismo institucional, Mecanismo de Monitoramento do Desempenho, redução de barreiras não-tarifárias ao comércio, desenvolver respostas conjuntas a COVID-19 para garantir fluxos comerciais adequados entre os dois países, financiar as operações e o pessoal chave nas Unidades de Implementação do Projecto, entre outros). RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK- RPF I SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) Componente 3: Aumentar o investimento nas cadeias de valor da região, visando aumentar a produtividade e as oportunidades de mercado do sector privado. Subcomponente 3.1: Oferecer oportunidades de partilha de riscos para apoiar as cadeias de valor (por exemplo, apoio a uma combinação de equipamentos, habilidades e infraestruturas, tais como mecanização, armazenamento, etc.). Subcomponente 3.2: Expandir a assistência técnica aos actores da cadeia de valor. Componente 4: reforçar as infraestruturas de transporte para melhorar o acesso ao mercado Subcomponente 4.1: Reabilitar estradas. Subcomponente 4.2: Melhorar a Segurança Rodoviária. Componente 5: Resposta de Emergência Contingente: Dada a vulnerabilidade da região a calamidades naturais e emergências sanitárias (ex. inundações e secas no Malawi, ciclones em Moçambique, e emergências de saúde como a COVID-19 em ambos os países), o projecto irá activar o Mecanismo de Resposta Imediata. O Projecto prevê melhorias nas subcomponentes que envolvem infraestruturas e subcomponentes não relacionadas à infraestruturas. As subcomponente do projecto com infraestruturas irá implementar melhorias específicas ao longo do Corredor de Nacala (expansão e reabilitação do posto fronteiriço de Milange e estradas selecionadas), Corredor da Beira (reabilitação e melhoria dos postos fronteiriços de Zóbuè, Calomue e Cassacatiza) e Corredor de Maputo (reabilitação e melhoria do posto fronteiriço da Ponta do Ouro), cobrindo cinco das 11 províncias de Moçambique nas três regiões do país: Niassa e Nampula no norte, Zambézia e Tete no centro e Maputo no sul. A Unidade de Implementação do Projecto no Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações será responsável pela implementação das componentes do projecto com melhorias não relacionadas à infraestruturas , enquanto a Administração Nacional de Estradas será responsável pela implementação das subcomponentes de infraestruturas (estradas e postos fronteiriços). Princípios e objectivos do QPR O propósito do QPR é analisar as intervenções do projecto para assegurar que os impactos adversos de desalojamento físico (perdas de residências) e/ou económico (perda de activos ou fontes de renda das comunidades, grupos e/ou indivíduos, por exemplo, muros, árvores, machambas, etc.) sejam devidamente identificados e compensados. O QPR é desenvolvido quando algumas das componentes do projecto não estão definidas com precisão, particularmente a "pegada" ou a área da terra necessária para o projecto, como é o caso actual. O QPR estabelece os princípios e critérios metodológicos para o reassentamento e compensação, bem como as disposições organizacionais a serem aplicadas durante o processo de reassentamento, por forma a garantir o cumprimento das normas do Banco Mundial e da legislação moçambicana. Os princípios orientadores do QPR para lidar com os impactos de desalojamento físico e económico no âmbito do projecto são: Evitar o desalojamento de pessoas tanto quanto possível; Minimizar o número de pessoas afectadas e de impactos, durante a concepção e desenho do projecto; As pessoas afectadas pela perda de bens devem ser compensadas e assistidas de modo a melhorarem ou, pelo menos, restaurarem o anterior padrão de vida, capacidade de geração de rendimento e os níveis de produção. RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK- RPF II SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) A terra também poderá ser adquirida através de Doação Voluntária de Terras, quando um proprietário individual, corporativo ou comunitário concorda em fornecer livremente terrenos ou propriedades para actividades relacionadas ao projecto. Logo que suficientemente conhecidos em pormenor os detalhes das subcomponentes do projecto, serão elaborados Planos de Acção de Reassentamento Abreviado (PAR-A) e Planos de Compensação (PC) com base neste QPR. Actividades do projecto com impactos na aquisição ou restrições no uso da terra As melhorias em infraestruturas (estradas e postos transfronteiriços) exigem mudanças no uso da terra, o que activa a política operacional 4.12 do Banco Mundial sobre o reassentamento involuntário, resultando no desalojamento físico e económico das PAPs, exigindo assim o reassentamento, daí a preparação deste QPR1. Com excepção da subcomponente 3.1, todas outras subcomponentes com melhorias não relacionadas à infraestruturas não exigem o uso de terra, o que exclui os impactos de aquisição da terra/reassentamento. As actividades no âmbito da subcomponente 3.1 (oportunidades de partilha de riscos para apoiar as cadeias de valor) exigem o uso da terra (ex. agricultura), no entanto, presume-se que a SATCP financiará actividades em curso sem necessidade de reassentamento. Com base na experiência anterior do Fundo Catalítico de Inovação e Demonstração promovido pelo Projecto Polos Integrados de Crescimento, a fim de evitar os custos associados ao reassentamento, as propostas que exigiam reassentamentos não serão elegíveis para o fundo. Assim, não se esperam impactos de aquisição de terra/reassentamento dentro das subcomponentes que não estão relacionadas a obras em infraestruturas. O QPR (impactos, medidas de mitigação, recomendações e orçamento) centra-se nas actividades do projecto que activam o reassentamento em Moçambique, ou seja, nas subcomponentes do projecto com melhorias em infraestruturas, nomeadamente: Subcomponente 1.2: reabilitação e melhoria dos postos
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