REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT Project N˚ P164847
RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF)
February 2021
SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP)
The current document is the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the Mozambican component of the Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project - Project code P164847. The document is divided in three parts, as follows:
PART I – SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN PORTUGUESE)
PART II – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PART III – MAIN DOCUMENT
Appendices are provided at the end of the main document.
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PART I - SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO
Introdução Moçambique e Malawi solicitaram apoio à Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento para o financiamento do Projecto de Comércio e Conectividade da África Austral (adiante denominado "Projecto" ou "SATCP" - abreviado do inglês Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project). O Governo de Moçambique, representado pelo Ministério da Economia e Finanças, está a candidatar-se a subvenções da Associação Internacional de Desenvolvimento para implementar o Projecto. O Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações e a Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) serão responsáveis pela implementação do projecto com forte participação dos municípios, distritos e comunidades beneficiárias e afectadas, bem como do Grupo de Trabalho do Corredor, que é um órgão de trabalho inter-agências que fornecerá supervisão na implementação do projecto. O Grupo de Trabalho do Corredor foi criado no âmbito do Comité Nacional de Facilitação do Comércio e é presidido pelo Ministério da Indústria e Comércio e pela Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique. O Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações, como agência de execução de parte dos fundos do Projecto, para serviços de consultoria no âmbito da preparação do Projecto, solicitou a elaboração de um Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social (QGAS) e um Quadro de Políticas de Reassentamento (QPR). Este documento é o Quadro de Políticas de Reassentamento (QPR) do Projecto SATCP, e estabelece os princípios de reassentamento e compensação, arranjos organizacionais e o desenho de critérios a serem seguidos para atender às necessidades das partes potencialmente afectadas pelo projecto. Este QPR se aplica a todas actividades do projecto, e a ele associadas, a serem implementadas em Moçambique.
Descrição do projecto O Objectivo do Desenvolvimento do Projecto é de reduzir os custos de comércio e transporte e aumentar o investimento privado ao longo dos corredores selecionados em Malawi e Moçambique. O Projecto tem cinco componentes que visam fortalecer os corredores seleccionados para se tornarem competitivos, complementares e resilientes às alterações climáticas, por forma a ajudar a reduzir os custos do comércio e de transporte ao longo dos corredores. As componentes do Projecto resumem-se em: Componente 1: Reduzir custos do comércio, por meio da facilitação do comércio, incluindo infraestruturas fronteiriças e reformas regulamentares. Subcomponente 1.1. Viabilização do Comércio Digital: Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para o Comércio. Subcomponente 1.2. Melhorar as fronteiras e a sua gestão (expansão e reabilitação dos postos fronteiriços de Milange no corredor de Nacala, Zóbuè, Calómuè e Cassacatiza no corredor da Beira, e Ponta do Ouro no corredor de Maputo). Subcomponente 1.3. Reforço da capacidade institucional em comércio e conectividade. Componente 2: Reforçar a coordenação regional e a implementação do projecto (reforçar a coordenação regional, prover apoio ao actual Comité Tripartido do Corredor de Desenvolvimento de Nacala através de: Mecanismo institucional, Mecanismo de Monitoramento do Desempenho, redução de barreiras não-tarifárias ao comércio, desenvolver respostas conjuntas a COVID-19 para garantir fluxos comerciais adequados entre os dois países, financiar as operações e o pessoal chave nas Unidades de Implementação do Projecto, entre outros).
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Componente 3: Aumentar o investimento nas cadeias de valor da região, visando aumentar a produtividade e as oportunidades de mercado do sector privado. Subcomponente 3.1: Oferecer oportunidades de partilha de riscos para apoiar as cadeias de valor (por exemplo, apoio a uma combinação de equipamentos, habilidades e infraestruturas, tais como mecanização, armazenamento, etc.). Subcomponente 3.2: Expandir a assistência técnica aos actores da cadeia de valor. Componente 4: reforçar as infraestruturas de transporte para melhorar o acesso ao mercado Subcomponente 4.1: Reabilitar estradas. Subcomponente 4.2: Melhorar a Segurança Rodoviária. Componente 5: Resposta de Emergência Contingente: Dada a vulnerabilidade da região a calamidades naturais e emergências sanitárias (ex. inundações e secas no Malawi, ciclones em Moçambique, e emergências de saúde como a COVID-19 em ambos os países), o projecto irá activar o Mecanismo de Resposta Imediata. O Projecto prevê melhorias nas subcomponentes que envolvem infraestruturas e subcomponentes não relacionadas à infraestruturas. As subcomponente do projecto com infraestruturas irá implementar melhorias específicas ao longo do Corredor de Nacala (expansão e reabilitação do posto fronteiriço de Milange e estradas selecionadas), Corredor da Beira (reabilitação e melhoria dos postos fronteiriços de Zóbuè, Calomue e Cassacatiza) e Corredor de Maputo (reabilitação e melhoria do posto fronteiriço da Ponta do Ouro), cobrindo cinco das 11 províncias de Moçambique nas três regiões do país: Niassa e Nampula no norte, Zambézia e Tete no centro e Maputo no sul. A Unidade de Implementação do Projecto no Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações será responsável pela implementação das componentes do projecto com melhorias não relacionadas à infraestruturas , enquanto a Administração Nacional de Estradas será responsável pela implementação das subcomponentes de infraestruturas (estradas e postos fronteiriços). Princípios e objectivos do QPR
O propósito do QPR é analisar as intervenções do projecto para assegurar que os impactos adversos de desalojamento físico (perdas de residências) e/ou económico (perda de activos ou fontes de renda das comunidades, grupos e/ou indivíduos, por exemplo, muros, árvores, machambas, etc.) sejam devidamente identificados e compensados. O QPR é desenvolvido quando algumas das componentes do projecto não estão definidas com precisão, particularmente a "pegada" ou a área da terra necessária para o projecto, como é o caso actual. O QPR estabelece os princípios e critérios metodológicos para o reassentamento e compensação, bem como as disposições organizacionais a serem aplicadas durante o processo de reassentamento, por forma a garantir o cumprimento das normas do Banco Mundial e da legislação moçambicana. Os princípios orientadores do QPR para lidar com os impactos de desalojamento físico e económico no âmbito do projecto são: Evitar o desalojamento de pessoas tanto quanto possível; Minimizar o número de pessoas afectadas e de impactos, durante a concepção e desenho do projecto; As pessoas afectadas pela perda de bens devem ser compensadas e assistidas de modo a melhorarem ou, pelo menos, restaurarem o anterior padrão de vida, capacidade de geração de rendimento e os níveis de produção.
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A terra também poderá ser adquirida através de Doação Voluntária de Terras, quando um proprietário individual, corporativo ou comunitário concorda em fornecer livremente terrenos ou propriedades para actividades relacionadas ao projecto. Logo que suficientemente conhecidos em pormenor os detalhes das subcomponentes do projecto, serão elaborados Planos de Acção de Reassentamento Abreviado (PAR-A) e Planos de Compensação (PC) com base neste QPR.
Actividades do projecto com impactos na aquisição ou restrições no uso da terra
As melhorias em infraestruturas (estradas e postos transfronteiriços) exigem mudanças no uso da terra, o que activa a política operacional 4.12 do Banco Mundial sobre o reassentamento involuntário, resultando no desalojamento físico e económico das PAPs, exigindo assim o reassentamento, daí a preparação deste QPR1.
Com excepção da subcomponente 3.1, todas outras subcomponentes com melhorias não relacionadas à infraestruturas não exigem o uso de terra, o que exclui os impactos de aquisição da terra/reassentamento. As actividades no âmbito da subcomponente 3.1 (oportunidades de partilha de riscos para apoiar as cadeias de valor) exigem o uso da terra (ex. agricultura), no entanto, presume-se que a SATCP financiará actividades em curso sem necessidade de reassentamento. Com base na experiência anterior do Fundo Catalítico de Inovação e Demonstração promovido pelo Projecto Polos Integrados de Crescimento, a fim de evitar os custos associados ao reassentamento, as propostas que exigiam reassentamentos não serão elegíveis para o fundo. Assim, não se esperam impactos de aquisição de terra/reassentamento dentro das subcomponentes que não estão relacionadas a obras em infraestruturas.
O QPR (impactos, medidas de mitigação, recomendações e orçamento) centra-se nas actividades do projecto que activam o reassentamento em Moçambique, ou seja, nas subcomponentes do projecto com melhorias em infraestruturas, nomeadamente: Subcomponente 1.2: reabilitação e melhoria dos postos fronteiriços de Zóbuè, Calómuè e Cassacatiza na província de Tete, Milange na província da Zambézia e da Ponta do Ouro na província de Maputo; Subcomponente 4.1: reabilitação e extensão das estradas Nampula - Corrane, Rapale - Mecuburi, Namiconha - Iapala e Namialo - Imala na província de Nampula, e das estradas Cuamba - Insaca e Cuamba - Metarica na província do Niassa.
No entanto, todas as actividades inesperadas que possam surgir exigindo reassentamento (ou seja, qualquer circunstância extraordinária, actualmente imprevista e que exija desalojamento) estarão sujeitas aos requisitos deste QPR.
A Tabela abaixo fornece um resumo dos postos fronteiriços e das estradas a serem reabilitados e expandidos, e os mapas subsequentes à tabela, mostram a sua localização e integração na região.
Infraestruturas a serem melhoradas no âmbito do Projecto
Tipo de Nome da Infraestrutura Corredor Província Distrito Infraestrutura Ponta do Ouro Posto fronteiriço Maputo Maputo Matutuíne
1 Embora todas as obras civis (reabilitação e expansão das infraestruturas públicas existentes) irão ocorrer em terrenos existentes ou dentro da sua reserva (isto é, na zona de protecção parcial que, por lei, não deve ser ocupada por usos comunitários), a terra (dentro destas reservas de rodovias/fronteiras) está ocupada. Consequentemente, as melhorias em infraestruturas podão potencialmente conduzir à perda de activos e de fontes de rendimento na área do projecto. Isto irá, por conseguinte, accionar a Política Operacional do Banco Mundial sobre Reassentamento Involuntária (OP 4.12) e a legislação Moçambicana relevante em matéria de terra e reassentamento.
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Tipo de Nome da Infraestrutura Corredor Província Distrito Infraestrutura Zóbuè Posto fronteiriço Beira Tete Moatize Calómuè Posto fronteiriço Beira Tete Angónia Cassacatiza Posto fronteiriço Beira Tete Chifunde Milange Posto fronteiriço Nacala Zambézia Milange Nampula Nampula-Corrane Estrada Nacala Nampula Meconta Rapale Rapale-Mecuburi Estrada Nacala Nampula Mecuburi Namiconha - Iapala Estrada Nacala Nampula Ribáuè Namialo Namialo - Imala Estrada Nacala Nampula Muecate Cuamba - Insaca Estrada Nacala Niassa Cuamba, Mecanhelas Cuamba - Metarica Estrada Nacala Niassa Cuamba, Metarica
Mapa de Moçambique (a esquerda) e seus postos fronteiriços no contexto dos corredores da região (a direita)
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Mapa das estradas prioritárias identificadas em Moçambique (em roxo) ao longo do Corredor de Nacala (em verde)
Potenciais impactos de desalojamento O QPR estima que aproximadamente 130 agregados familiares serão fisicamente reassentadas devido à perda permanente de habitações e muitas outras famílias perderão estruturas residenciais e comerciais (cerca de 50 vedações/muros e 230 barracas) que terão de ser reconstruídas, uma vez que serão economicamente reassentadas. O QPR estima também que alguns agregados familiares perderão um total de cerca de 115 ha de terra contendo campos agrícolas (agricultura com frutos dispersos, cultivo itinerante e agricultura de sequeiro) - alguns sem culturas devido ao pousio.
A tabela seguinte resume as perdas estimadas de residências e outras estruturas para o projecto.
Número estimado de habitações e outras estruturas a serem potencialmente afectadas pelo projecto Nome da Tipo Província Districto CoI Casas Muros Barracas Infraestrutura Posto Ponta do Ouro Maputo Matutuíne - 38 1 15 fronteiriço Posto Zóbuè Tete Moatize - 10 - 1 fronteiriço Posto Calómuè Tete Angónia - - - 4 fronteiriço Posto Cassacatiza Tete Chifunde - 2 - - fronteiriço Posto Milange Zambézia Milange - - - - fronteiriço Namiconha - Iapala Estrada Nampula Ribáuè 12 10 25 46 Estrada Nampula and Nampula - Corrane Nampula 14 11 2 6 Meconta
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Namialo - Imala Estrada Nampula Muecate 14 13 6 7 Estrada Rapale and Rapale - Mecuburi Nampula 14 14 14 35 Mecuburi Estrada Cuamba and Cuamba-Insaca Niassa 14 13 - 83 Mecanhelas Estrada Cuamba and Cuamba-Matarica Niassa 14 18 - 35 Metarica Total 5 15 129 48 232
As obras civis específicas e a pegada dos subprojectos de investimento são em grande parte desconhecidas nesta fase. A identificação dos impactos precisos e do número de famílias potencialmente afectadas só será clarificada nos Planos de Acção de Reassentamento Abreviado e no Plano de Compensação, a elaborar a posterior. Com base nos impactos avaliados, estima-se que nove (9) Planos de Acção de Reassentamento Abreviado (PAR- A) e um (1) Planos de Compensação (PC) sejam elaborados para o Projecto de acordo com a tabela abaixo. Estimativa do tipo de instrumentos de salvaguarda e prestadores de serviços necessários Nome da Infraestrutura Tipo de Infrastrutura Tipo do Plano Provedor Ponta do Ouro Posto fronteiriço PAR-A E Zóbuè Posto fronteiriço PAR-A D Calómuè Posto fronteiriço PC D Cassacatiza Posto fronteiriço PAR-A D Milange Posto fronteiriço - N/A Nampula-Corrane Estrada PAR-A A Namialo - Imala Estrada PAR-A A Namiconha - Iapala Estrada PAR-A B Rapale-Mecuburi Estrada PAR-A B Cuamba - Insaca Estrada PAR-A C Cuamba - Metarica Estrada PAR-A C Total 9 PAR-A and 1 PC 5
Engajamento das partes interessadas
A preparação do QPR e do QGAS iniciou o processo de consulta pública no âmbito do projecto. Devido às restrições impostas pela COVID-19, as reuniões foram faseadas e realizadas em pequenos grupos. Outras reuniões foram conduzidas de forma remota, com o objectivo de apresentar o projecto e obter expectativas das partes interessadas e afectadas. As reuniões de consulta pública permitiram interacção com um total de 320 pessoas, das quais 258 do sexo masculino e 62 do sexo feminino, envolvendo representantes chave das comunidades afectadas (membros das comunidades, chefes de localidades e líderes locais), serviços distritais (Planeamento e Infraestruturas, Actividades Económicas, Postos Administrativos), alfândegas, autoridade tributária, agricultura, Organizações Não- Governamentais, ANE, etc. As recomendações e expectativas das partes interessadas e afectadas foram consideradas na preparação do QPR, na identificação das opções para mitigar os impactos de desalojamento e gerir riscos sociais (violência baseada no género, Influxo de trabalhadores, gestão de queixas, etc.). Mecanismo de Gestão de Reclamações
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Um único Mecanismo de Gestão de Reclamações (MGR) será usado em todas as fases do ciclo de vida do projecto. Ele está esquematizado no diagrama abaixo.
As reclamações das pessoas desalojadas e dos residentes do local de acolhimento do reassentamento, podem ser apresentadas, para solução local, aos líderes de influência local, ao consultor social (CS) que elabora o ARAP/PC, ao provedor de serviços de implementação do ARAP/PC (PROSIR) ou ao provedor de serviços de gestão de reclamações, como um primeiro nível de audição e de resolução informal. Durante a fase de construção, o lesado também pode apresentar a reclamação ao supervisor ou empreiteiro. Todas as reclamações serão encaminhadas ao provedor de serviços do MGR - o principal canal do MGR. Quando as reclamações são associadas a violência baseada no género (VBG) serão encaminhadas ao respectivo provedor de serviços, que fornecerá assistência à vítima e penalização ao infractor. Se a pessoa afectada não estiver satisfeita com a solução da primeira etapa, ele/ela deverá encaminhar o caso ao Comité de Ligação do Projecto (PLC) ou ao Comité Comunitário de Reassentamento (CR). Na ausência de resolução a nível local, as questões podem ser apresentadas à Unidade de Implementação do Projecto (UIP), por meio da unidade ambiental e social, para investigar e coordenar as soluções adequadas. Se a pessoa lesada não ficar satisfeita com a solução, ele/ela pode recorrer ao tribunal distrital e, posteriormente, ao tribunal provincial. Na maioria das legislações sectoriais existem dispositivos que permitem recorrer para resolução de queixas nos mais elevados níveis de governação, como a Directores Nacionais e Ministros. Se alguma das partes continuata insatisfeita, a parte lesada pode levar a reclamação ao tribunal, onde será tratada ao abrigo da lei moçambicana. A opção judicial deve estar sempre disponível, porem, deve se encorajar a obtenção de consenso pelos primeiros níveis de resolução de conflitos. A comunicação em tempo “recorde” e a negociação aberta são os principais aspectos a considerar para ganhar confiança e satisfação dos queixosos.
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Custo estimado
O custo global estimado para o reassentamento físico e económico é de 8,445,847.75 USD. A estimativa do baseia-se no pressuposto de que nove (9) PAR-A e um (1) PC serão elaborados para compensar um total de aproximadamente 130 agregados familiares afectados fisicamente bem como outros agregados familiares afectados economicamente, que perderão estruturas residenciais e comerciais (cerca de 50 vedações/muros e 230 barracas) e um total de cerca de 115 ha de terra contendo campos agrícolas (agricultura com frutos dispersos, cultivo itinerante e agricultura de sequeiro) - parte sem culturas devido ao pousio. De referir que 59% do valor total é atribuído a compensação de activos e reposição de habitações. O montante da compensação variará por PAR-A /PC, dependendo da distribuição dos bens e meios de subsistência que serão perdidos. Será importante mostrar no PAR-A/PC que foram feitos todos os esforços para evitar locais onde as estradas/postos fronteiriços irão afectar estruturas ou culturas privadas: casas, barracas, áreas agrícolas, locais de culto e adoração, etc. A tabela a seguir resume o custo estimado de reassentamento para o projecto.
Estimativa de custo para Planeamento e Implementação do reassentamento para o projecto
Fonte de Item Descrição Unidade Quant Custo (US$) Total (US$) Financiamento A Gestão, organização e supervisão Província 5 30,000.00 150,000.00 Projecto Preparação de PAR-A/PC por Consultores PAR-A/PC B 10 90,000.00 900,000.00 Projecto Sociais Implementação de PAR-A/PC pelo C PAR-A/PC 10 100,000.00 1,000,000.00 Projecto PROSIR C2 Assistência a pessoas vulneráveis ARAP/PC 10 15,000.00 150,000.00 Project Estabelecimento e funcionamento de D Distrito 15 10,000.00 150,000.00 Projecto comités distritais de reassentamento Formação da equipa de coordenação e acompanhamento local (Autoridade E Província 5 7,000.00 35,000.00 Projecto Tributária, Imigração, Agricultura, etc.) e parceiros de apoio (DPTA, SDPI, etc.) Operacionalização do MGR, VBG e medidas de mitigação da COVID-19 pelo F PROSIR durante o processo de PAR-A/PC 10 7,000.00 70,000.00 Projecto contratação dos provedores de serviço específicos para MGR, VBS
G1 Construção de casas Casa 129 35,000.00 4,515,000.00 Proponente
Medidas de compensação monetária G2 Unid 1 85,040.00 508,043.41 Proponente (culturas, muros, etc.)
H Avaliação externa por MTA ou Consultor PAR-A/PC 5 40,000.00 200,000.00 Projecto I Contingência - 10% 767,804.34 Projecto TOTAL GERAL EM USD 8,445,847.75
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PART II - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction Mozambique and Malawi have requested support from the International Development Association to finance the Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project (hereinafter “Project” or “SATCP”) The Government of Mozambique, represented by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, is applying for International Development Association grants to implement the Project. The Ministry of Transport and Communication and the Roads Authority (ANE) will be responsible for the overall implementation of the project with strong participation by the beneficiary and affected districts and communities as well as the Corridor Working Group2 which is an interagency working group that will provide oversight on implementation of the project. The Corridor Working Group was established under the National Trade Facilitation Committee and is chaired by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Commerce and the Tax Authority (Autoridade Tributária).
The Ministry of Transport and Communication as the implementing agency executing part of the Project funds, for consultancy services costs under the preparation of the project, requested Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). This document is the RPF of the SATCP, and it establishes the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the project. This RPF applies to all project and related activities to done in Mozambique.
Project Description The Project Development Objective is to reduce trade and transport costs and increase private investment along targeted Corridors in Malawi and Mozambique. The Project has five components that aims to strengthen the targeted corridors to be competitive, complementary and climate resilient to help to reduce trade and transport costs along the corridors. The Project components are summarized as follows: Component 1: Reduce Trade Costs, through trade facilitation, including border infrastructure and regulatory reforms. Subcomponent 1.1. Enabling Digital Trade: Development of Trade Information, Communication and Technology Systems. Subcomponent 1.2. Improving borders and their management (expansion and rehabilitation of Milange Border Post in the Nacala corridor; Zóbuè, Calomue and Cassacatiza Border Posts in the Beira corridor; and Ponta do Ouro Border Post in Maputo Corridor). Subcomponent 1.3. Strengthening trade and connectivity institutional capacity. Component 2: improve regional coordination and project implementation (strengthening regional coordination, provide support to the existing Nacala Development Corridor Tripartite Committee through: institutional mechanisms, performance monitoring mechanism, reducing non-tariff barriers to trade,
2 Corridor Working Group members include the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF); Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC); Ministry of Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries (MIMAIP); National Roads Authority (ANE); Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADER); Ministry of Home Affairs (MINT); Ministry of Health (MISAU) and key private sector associations i.e. the Private Sector Association (CTA) and the Mozambique Chamber of Commerce (CCM). Other public institutions are also members through their reporting relationships to the parent ministries. These are Institute of Normalization and Quality (INNOQ), under MIC; Institute of Supervision of Fishery (INIP), under MIMAIP; and Agency to promote Investment and Exports (APIEX), under MIC.
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developing joint COVID-19 responses between the two countries, finance the operations and staffing in key positions of Project Implementation Units, among others). Component 3: Increase investment in value chains in the region, aiming to expand the productivity and market opportunities of the private sector. Sub-component 3.1. Provide risk-sharing opportunities to support value-chains (e.g. support to a combination of equipment, skills, and infrastructure - such as mechanization, warehousing, etc.). Sub-component 3.2: Expand technical assistance to value chain players. Component 4: Strengthen transport infrastructure to improve market access Subcomponent 4.1: Rehabilitate Roads Subcomponent 4.2: Improve Road Safety Component 5: Contingent Emergency Response - given the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters and health emergencies (e.g. floods, cyclones, and health emergencies like Covid-19), the project will activate an Immediate Response Mechanism. The Project entails infrastructure and non-infrastructure improvements. The infrastructure subcomponents under the project will implement targeted improvements along Nacala Corridor (expansion and rehabilitation of Milange border post and priority roads), Beira Corridor (rehabilitation and upgrade of Zóbuè, Calomue and Cassacatiza border posts) and Maputo Corridor (rehabilitation and upgrade of Ponta do Ouro border post), covering five of the 11 provinces of Mozambique in the country’s three regions: Niassa and Nampula in the north, Zambézia and Tete in the centre and Maputo in the south. The project implementation unit in the Ministry of Transport and Communications will be responsible for implementing the project’s components with non-infrastructure improvements while the Roads Authority (Administração Nacional de Estradas - ANE) will be responsible for implementing the infrastructure improvement components (roads and border posts). Principles and objectives of the RPF The purpose of the RPF is to analyse project interventions to ensure that the adverse impacts of physical displacement (lost of shelter) and/or economic (lost of assets and livelihood of communities, groups and or individuals - eg. halls, trees, crops, etc.) are properly identified and compensated. The RPF is developed when some of the project's components have not been precisely defined, particularly the 'footprint' or area of land required for the project, as is currently the case. The RPF establishes the methodological principles and criteria for resettlement and compensation, as well as the organizational provisions to be applied during the resettlement process, in order to ensure compliance with World Bank standards and Mozambican law. The RPF guiding principles on dealing with the impacts of physical displacement and economic losses under the project are: • Avoiding displacement of people as much as possible; • Minimizing the number of impacts and PAPs, to the extent possible during the project design; • Displaced persons should be compensated and assisted in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, their previous living standards, their income-generation capacity and their production levels. Land can also be acquired through a Voluntary Land Donation when an individual, corporate or communal owner agrees to freely provide land or property for project-related activities; the template is provided in an appendix to the RPF.
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Once the details of the subcomponents are sufficiently known, Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans (ARAP) and Compensation Plans (PC) will be drawn up based on the RPF.
Proposed project activities with impact on land acquisition and restrictions The infrastructure improvements (road and border posts) demand changes in land use that trigger operational policy 4.12 on involuntary resettlement, resulting in physical and economic displacement of PAPs, thus requiring resettlement, hence the preparation of this RPF3. With the exception of Subcomponent 3.1, all other non-infrastructure components are not land based, what exclude them to generate land acquisition/resettlement impacts. Activities under Subcomponent 3.1 (risk- sharing opportunities to support value-chains) demand land use (ex. agriculture), however, it is assumed that SATCP will finance ongoing activities with no need for resettlement. Based on the prior experience of the Innovation and Demonstration Catalytic Fund promoted by the Integrated Growth Poles Project (P127303), in order to avoid costs associated with resettlement, proposals that require resettlement will not be eligible for the fund. Thus, no land acquisition/resettlement impacts are expected within the non-infrastructure components.
The RPF (mitigation measures, recommendations, impacts and budget) focuses on the project activities that trigger resettlement in Mozambique, what means on the project subcomponents with infrastructure improvements, namely:
Subcomponent 1.2: rehabilitation and upgrade of the border posts of Zóbuè, Calomué and Cassacatiza in Tete province, Milange in Zambézia province and Ponta do Ouro in Maputo province; Subcomponent 4.1: rehabilitation and expansion of the roads Nampula - Corrane, Rapale - Mecuburi, Namiconha - Iapala and Namialo - Imala in Nampula province, and the roads Cuamba - Insaca and Cuamba - Metarica in Niassa Province.
Nevertheless, all unexpected activities that may arise demanding resettlement (i.e. any extraordinary circumstance, currently unforeseen, that requires displacements) will be subject to the requirements of this RPF.
The Table below provides a summary of the border posts and roads to be rehabilitated and upgraded and the following map shows their location and integration within the region.
Infrastructures to be improved by the Project
Type of Name of Infrastructure Corridor Province Districts Infrastructure Ponta do Ouro Border Post Maputo Maputo Matutuine Zóbuè Border Post Beira Tete Moatize Calomue Border Post Beira Tete Angónia Cassacatiza Border Post Beira Tete Chifunde Milange Border Post Nacala Zambézia Milange
3 Although all civil works (rehabilitation and expansion of existing public infrastructures) will occur on existing land or within its reserve (i.e. in partial protection zones that, by law, cannot be occupied by community uses), the land (within these road/border reserves) are encroached upon. Consequently, the infrastructure improvements could potentially lead to loss of assets and sources of income in the project area. This will therefore trigger the World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) and Mozambique relevant legislation on land and resettlement.
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Type of Name of Infrastructure Corridor Province Districts Infrastructure Nampula Nampula-Corrane Road Nacala Nampula Meconta Rapale Rapale-Mecuburi Road Nacala Nampula Mecuburi Namiconha - Iapala Road Nacala Nampula Ribaue
Namialo - Imala Road Nacala Nampula Muecate
Cuamba - Insaca Road Nacala Niassa Cuamba, Mecanhelas Cuamba - Metarica Road Nacala Niassa Cuamba, Metarica
Mozambique map (left) and its border posts in the context of regional corridors (right)
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Map of priority roads identified in Mozambique (in purple) within Nacala Corridor main road (in green)
Potential impacts of displacement The RPF estimates that a total of about 130 households will have to be resettled due to permanent loss of dwellings and many other households will lose residential and commercial structures (about 50 fences/walls and 230 stalls) that have to be rebuilt since will be economically resettled. The RPF estimates also that some households will lose a total of about 115 ha of land containing fields (agriculture with scattered fruit, shifting cultivation and rainfed agriculture) - some without crops due to fallow land. The following table summarize the estimated houses and other structures to be potentially displaced by the project.
Esteemed number of structures potential affected by the project Name of Type Province District CoI Houses Fencings Stalls Infrastructure Ponta do Ouro Border Post Maputo Matutuine - 38 1 15 Zóbuè Border Post Tete Moatize - 10 - 1 Calomue Por Tete Angónia - - - 4 Cassacatiza Border Post Tete Chifunde - 2 - - Milange Border Post Zambézia Milange - - - - Namiconha - Iapala Road Nampula Ribaue 12 10 25 46 Nampula and Nampula - Corrane Road Nampula 14 11 2 6 Meconta Namialo - Imala Road Nampula Muecate 14 13 6 7 Rapale and Rapale - Mecuburi Road Nampula 14 14 14 35 Mecuburi
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Cuamba and Cuamba-Insaca Road Niassa 14 13 - 83 Mecanhelas Cuamba and Cuamba-Matarica Road Niassa 14 18 - 35 Metarica Total 5 15 129 48 232
The specific civil works and the footprint of the investment subprojects are largely unknown at this stage. The identification of the precise impacts and number of families potentially affected will only be clarified in the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans and Compensation Plan, to be drawn up later. Based on the impacts assessed it is esteemed nine (9) Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) and one (1) Compensation Plan (PC) be elaborated for the Project as per the table below.
Estimation of type of safeguard instruments and service providers required Type of Name of Infrastructure Type of plan Providers Infrastructure Ponta do Ouro Border Post ARAP E Zóbuè Border Post ARAP D Calomue Border Post PC D Cassacatiza Border Post ARAP D Milange Border Post - N/A Nampula-Corrane Road ARAP A Namialo - Imala Road ARAP A Namiconha - Iapala Road ARAP B Rapale-Mecuburi Road ARAP B Cuamba - Insaca Road ARAP C Cuamba - Metarica Road ARAP C Total 9 ARAP and 1 PC 5
Stakeholder Engagement
The preparation of the RPF and the ESMF launched the public consultation and participation process under the project.
Due to the restrictions imposed by COVID-19, the meetings were phased and held in small groups. Other meetings were conducted remotely, and these meetings aimed to present the project and obtain the perceptions of stakeholders.
The public consultation meetings allowed interaction with a total of 320 people, of in which 258 were men and 62 women involving key representatives of the affected communities (community members, heads of localities and local leaders), Non-Governmental Organizations representing vulnerable groups, district services (Planning and Infrastructure, Economic Activities, Administrative Posts), customs, tax authority, agriculture, polices, ANE, etc. The recommendations and expectations of the stakeholders and potential PAPs were considered in the preparation of the RPF, the identification of options for mitigating the Project’s displacement impacts and manage social risks (gender-based violence, labor influx, grievances, etc.).
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Grievance Redress Mechanism A single Grievance Management Mechanism (GRM) will be used at all stages of the project life cycle. It is schematized in the diagram below.
Displaced people’s and host community grievances can initially be presented for local redress to local influence leaders, Social Consultant (SC) that prepares ARAP/PC, service providers implementing ARAP/PC (PROSIR) or service providers managing grievance redress mechanism as a first level of listening and informal resolution. During construction phase aggrieved may also log the grievance to the supervisor or contractor. All grievance will be forward to the GRM service provider - the main GRM channel.
When grievance is associated to GBV it will be addressed by a specific service provider (for GBV) that will provide assistance to the victim and penalty to the offender.
If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the Step One decision, he/she shall forward the case to the Project Liaison Comity (PLC) or Community Resettlement Committee (RC). Failing resolution at local level, issues may be presented to the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), trough environmental and social unit, to investigate and coordinate proper solutions.
If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with solution, he/she can appeal to the district court and later provincial court.
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Provisions to appeal concerning sectoral grievances to higher levels of government such as National Directors and Ministers exist in most legislation. Should any party be dissatisfied, the grieved party may take the complaint to court where it will be dealt with under Mozambican law.
Judicial option must always be available, but PAPs to be encouraged to use al GRM levels first. Timely communication and open negotiation are the main issues to satisfy the PAPs.
Costs Estimation
The total estimated cost for the physical and economic resettlement is US 8,445,847.75. The cost estimate is based on assumptions that nine (9) ARAP and one (1) PC will be drawn up to compensate a total of around 130 households physically affected and households affected economically, that will lose residential and commercial structures (50 fences/walls and 230 stalls) and a total of 115 ha of land containing fields (agriculture with scattered fruit, shifting cultivation and rainfed agriculture) - some without crops due to fallow land4. It should be noted that 59% of the total value is attributed to direct compensation of assets and replacement of houses. The amount will vary by ARAP/PC, depending on the distribution of assets and livelihoods that will be lost. It will be important for the ARAP/PC to show that every effort has been made to avoid locations where the road/border posts will affect private structures or crops: houses, stalls, agricultural areas, etc. The following table summarize the estimated cost of resettlement for the project.
Estimate of the Project’s Resettlement and Compensation Planning and Implementation Costs
Unit Costs Source of Item Description Unite Quant Total (US$) (US$) Finance A Management, organization and supervision Provinces 5 30,000.00 150,000.00 Project B Preparation of ARAP/PC by Social Consultants ARAP/PC 10 90,000.00 900,000.00 Project C1 Implementation of ARAP/PC by PROSIR ARAP/PC 10 115,000.00 1,150,000.00 Project
C2 Assistance to vulnerable people ARAP/PC 10 15,000.00 150,000.00 Project Establishment and operation of district D Districts 15 10,000.00 150,000.00 Project resettlement committees Training of coordination and local monitoring E team (Tax Autority, Immigration, Agriculture, Provinces 5 7,000.00 35,000.00 Project etc.) and support partners (DPTA, SDPI, etc.) Operation of GRM, GBV and COVID-19 mitigation measures by PROSIR during F ARAP/PC 10 7,000.00 70,000.00 Project procurement to contract specific Service Provider for GRM and GBV
G1 Construction of replacement houses Houses 129 35,000.00 4,515,000.00 Proponent
4 Cash compensation will be for the crops and trees. Land will be compensated/replaced in-kind (district authorities will provide alternative land).
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Unit Costs Source of Item Description Unite Quant Total (US$) (US$) Finance
Monetary compensation measures (crops, G2 Lump 1 85,040.00 508,043.41 Proponent good / physical property)
H External evaluation by MTA or Consultant ARAP/PC 5 40,000.00 200,000.00 Project I Contingencies 10% 767,804.34 Project OVERALL TOTAL IN USD 8,445,847.75
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PART III - MAIN DOCUMENT
Index
PART I - SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO ...... I PART II - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... IX PART III - MAIN DOCUMENT ...... XVIII INDEX ...... XVIII LIST OF FIGURES ...... XXI LIST OF TABLES ...... XXI LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... XXII GLOSSARY ...... XXV 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 RATIONALE FOR THE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ...... 1 1.1.1 STRATEGIC CONTEXT ...... 2 1.1.2 SECTORAL CONTEXT ...... 2 1.2 THE PROPONENT AND IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES ...... 2 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 3 2.1 PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 3 2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS SUBJECT TO LAND ACQUISITION AND RESTRICTIONS ...... 4 2.2.1 BORDER POSTS...... 5 2.2.1 ROADS ...... 6 3 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT AREA ...... 8 3.1 PROJECT AREA AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION ...... 8 3.2 CULTURAL FEATURES ...... 10 3.3 GENDER ...... 11 3.4 HOUSING ...... 12 3.5 EDUCATION ...... 12 3.6 HEALTH ...... 13 3.7 ECONOMY...... 15 3.8 TRANSPORT AND CONNECTIVITY ...... 17 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 18 4.1 OVERVIEW ...... 18 4.2 NATIONAL LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONTEXT ...... 18 4.3 PARTIAL PROTECTION ZONE ...... 24 4.4 VOLUNTARY LAND DONATION ...... 25 4.5 WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES ...... 26 4.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN MOZAMBIQUE LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK OP 4.12...... 26 5 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ...... 29 5.1 PROJECT COORDINATION ...... 29 5.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT ...... 30 5.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR ESMF AND RPF IMPLEMENTATION ...... 31 5.4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 33 6 PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGIES OF THE RPF ...... 35 6.1 PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES...... 35 6.2 METHODOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE RPF ...... 36 7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 36
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7.1 IMPACTS RELATED TO THE ACQUISITION OF LAND FOR THE PROJECT ...... 36 7.1.1 PROJECT ACTIVITIES CAUSING RESETTLEMENT ...... 36 7.1.2 SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED LOSSES ARISING FROM RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION ...... 37 7.2 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACQUISITION OF LAND RIGHTS ...... 38 8 PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF RESETTLEMENT PLAN...... 39 8.1 OVERVIEW ...... 39 8.2 SELECTION OF THE RESETTLEMENT PLANNING INSTRUMENT ...... 39 8.3 PREPARATION OF ABBREVIATED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS ...... 40 8.4 ARAP/PC CONTENT ...... 40 8.5 APPROVAL AND DISSEMINATION OF COMPENSATION PLANS ...... 41 9 DEFINITION OF PAP CATEGORIES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ...... 41 9.1 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ...... 41 9.2 LAND ACQUISITION AND EXPECTED CATEGORIES OF AFFECTED PERSONS ...... 43 9.3 ELIGIBILITY FOR COMMUNITY COMPENSATION ...... 43 9.4 PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING COMPENSATION RIGHTS ...... 43 9.5 CUT-OFF DATE ...... 44 10 METHOD FOR VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS ...... 45 10.1 OVERVIEW ...... 45 10.2 CALCULATION OF COMPENSATION...... 45 10.3 PREPARATION ...... 45 10.4 INVENTORY AND EVALUATION OF ASSETS VALUE ...... 46 10.5 VALUATION PROCEDURES ...... 46 11 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR DELIVERING ENTITLEMENTS ...... 53 11.1 OVERVIEW ...... 53 11.2 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR THE PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION ...... 53 11.3 AWARENESS RAISING AND COMPENSATION ...... 54 11.4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 54 12 ARAP/PC IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS ...... 55 12.1 OVERVIEW ...... 55 12.2 PREPARATION OF THE HOST AREA ...... 55 12.3 PROVIDING ASSISTANCE AND ENTITLEMENTS ...... 56 12.4 POST-RESETTLEMENT ...... 59 13 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 59 13.1 OVERVIEW ...... 59 13.2 PROCEDURES FOR GENERAL GRIEVANCE REDRESS ...... 59 13.3 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE CLAIM PROCEDURES...... 64 14 BUDGET AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR FUNDING RESETTLEMENT ...... 66 14.1 OVERVIEW ...... 66 14.2 ESTIMATED COSTS ...... 66 14.3 SOURCES OF RESETTLEMENT FINANCE ...... 69 15 PAP CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 69 15.1 OVERVIEW ...... 69 15.2 CONSULTATION DURING THE PREPARATION OF THE RPF ...... 69 15.3 PREPARATION OF THE ARAP/PC ...... 74 15.4 CONSULTATION DURING RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION AND FOLLOW-UP ...... 75 15.4.1 COMMUNICATION AND AWARENESS RAISING PLAN ...... 75 16 MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEMS ...... 76 16.1 OVERVIEW ...... 76 16.2 PRINCIPLES ...... 76 16.3 MONITORING PROCESSES ...... 76
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16.4 FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ...... 77 16.5 INDICATORS ...... 77 17 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES, SOCIAL CONSULTANT AND PROSIR ...... 78 17.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 78 17.2 COVID-19, CONTROL AND CONTINGENCY MEASURES ...... 79 17.3 INFLUX OF WORKERS ...... 81 17.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF SOCIAL CONSULTANT AND PROSIR...... 81 17.5 INDIVIDUAL CODE OF CONDUCT ...... 82 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 84 ANNEXES ...... 86 ANNEX I – MINUTES OF MEETING UNDER THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS (PPP) ...... 87 ANNEX II – ATTENDANCE REGISTER OF THE PPP ...... 101 ANNEX III – PROJECT PRESENTATION PROVIDED TO THE POTENTIAL PAPS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS DURING PPP ...... 114 ANNEX IV – PHOTOGRAPHIC REPORT ...... 122 ANNEX V – STRUCTURE FOR PREPARATION OF RAP/ARAP ...... 132 ANNEX VI – PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION FORM ...... 139 ANNEX VII – FORM FOR VOLUNTARY LAND DONATION...... 142 ANNEX VIII – GRM FORMS ...... 145 ANNEX IX – PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE ...... 149
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List of Figures
FIGURE 1 - MAP OF BORDER POSTS WITHIN THE REGION ...... 6 FIGURE 2 - MAP OF PRIORITY ROADS (IN PURPLE) IDENTIFIED WITHIN NACALA CORRIDOR (IN GREEN) IN MOZAMBIQUE. 7 FIGURE 3: ANNUAL ` TO GDP GROWTH (TO BE ADAPTED WITH SSA FIGURES) ...... 16 FIGURE 4 - CORRIDOR OF IMPACT ADOPTED TO MINIMIZE DISPLACEMENT AT THE PPZ ...... 25 FIGURE 5: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL ...... 30 FIGURE 6: COORDINATION PROCESS UNDER THE PROJECT LEVEL ...... 31 FIGURE 9 - ORGANIZATION CHART SHOWING MTC AND OTHER ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS OF THE BORDER POST LEVEL (INCLUDING E&S ARRANGEMENT) ...... 34 FIGURE 10: GRM AND GVB FLOWCHART ...... 64 FIGURE 11: EXAMPLE OF IN-PERSON MEETINGS ...... 71
List of Tables
TABLE 1 - CONTACT DATA OF MTC ...... 3 TABLE 2 - CONTACT DATA OF ANE ...... 3 TABLE 3 - LIST OF BORDER POSTS SELECTED FOR REHABILITATION IN MOZAMBIQUE ...... 5 TABLE 4 - LIST OF RURAL ROADS SELECTED FOR REHABILITATION IN MOZAMBIQUE ...... 7 TABLE 5 - ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS COVERED BY THE PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURES...... 8 TABLE 6: GENERAL SOCIAL DATA OF THE AREAS COVERED BY THE PROJECT ...... 9 TABLE 7: WATER AND ENERGY COVERAGE WITHIN PROJECT AREA ...... 12 TABLE 8: PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS ATTENDING EACH LEVEL IN A TARGETED PROVINCE ...... 12 TABLE 9: ILLITERACY RATE (%) IN A TARGETED PROVINCE ...... 13 TABLE 10: PREVALENCE RATE OF HIV/AIDS ...... 13 TABLE 11: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD WITHOUT SANITATION ...... 14 TABLE 12: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD WITH ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITIES ...... 14 TABLE 13: CASES OF COVID UP TO OCTOBER 9, 2020...... 15 TABLE 14:EVOLUTION OF GDP; AND GROW RATE OF THE GDP (2015-19, CONSTANT PRICES) 106 US$ ...... 16 TABLE 15 - COMPARISON OF MOZAMBICAN LEGISLATION AND WORLD BANK OP4.12 ...... 27 TABLE 16 - ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN ESMF AND RPF IMPLEMENTATION DURING THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PROJECT CYCLE...... 32 TABLE 17 - ESTEEMED NUMBER OF STRUCTURES POTENTIAL AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT ...... 37 TABLE 18 - ESTIMATION OF TYPE OF SAFEGUARD INSTRUMENTS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS REQUIRED ...... 40 TABLE 19 - CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING POTENTIALLY AFFECTED FAMILIES...... 42 TABLE 20 - MATRIX OF ENTITLEMENTS ...... 48 TABLE 21 - ESTIMATE OF THE PROJECT’S RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION COSTS ...... 67 TABLE 22: PLACE, DATE, AND NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ...... 70 TABLE 23 - FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ...... 77
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
ANE Administração Nacional de Estradas, IP (Roads Authority) AP Administrative Post Agência para a Promoção de Investimento e Exportações (Agency to Promote APIEX Investment and Exports) AT Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique (Tax Authority) CBO Community Based Organization CCM Câmara de Comércio de Moçambique (Mozambique Chamber of Commerce) CERC-IRM Contingency Emergency Response/ Immediate Response Mechanism CoI Corridor of Impact CP Child Protection CTA Confederação das Associações Económicas (Confederation of Economic Associates) Comissão Técnica de Acompanhamento e Supervisão do Reassentamento CTASR (Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Technical Commission) CTDMC Corridor Transport Development Management Committee CWG Corridor Working Group DINAB Direcção Nacional do Ambiente (National Directorate of Environment) Direcção Nacional de Ordenamento Territorial e Reassentamento (National DINOTER Directorate of Land Use Planning and Resettlement) DP Displaced Persons Direcção Provincial da Agricultura e Segurança Alimentar (Provincial/District DPASA Directorate of Agriculture and Food Security) Direcção Provincial das Obras Públicas, Habitação e Recursos Hídricos (Provincial DPOPHRH Directorate of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources) Direcção Provincial da Terra e Ambiente (Provincial Directorate of Land and DPTA Environment) EDM Electricidade de Moçambique E&S Environmental and Social EMP Environmental Management Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ex. Example GIS Geographic Information System GPS Geo-Positioning System GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GVZ Gabinete do Vale do Zambeze ha Hectare HdQ Headquarter HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IAP Interested and Affected Parties ICT Information, Communication and Technology IDA International Development Association i.e. This is IFC International Finance Corporation INIP Instituto Nacional de Inspecção do Pescado (National Institute of Fishery Inspection)
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Instituto Nacional de Normalização e Qualidade (National Institute of INNOQ Standardization and Quality) IP Instituto Público (Public Institute) km Kilometre kV Kilovolt – voltage measure m Metre M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEF Ministério da Economia e Finanças (Ministry of Economy and Finance) MIC Ministério da Indústria e Comércio (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Commerce) Ministério do Mar, Águas Interiores e Pescas (Ministry of Sea, Interior Waters and MIMAIP Fishery) MINT Ministério do Interior (Ministry of Internal Affairs) MISAU Ministério da Saúde (Ministry of Health) MT Metical(ais) MTA Ministério da Terra e Ambiente (ministry of land and environment) Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicacões (Ministry of Transport and MTC Communication) NDC Nacala Development Corridor NDCTC Nacala Development Corridor Tripartite Committee, which also includes Zambia. NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NTB Non-Tariff Barrier NTFC National Trade Facilitation Committee OSBP One Stop Border Post PAHs Project Affected Households PAP Project Affected Persons PBMC Performance Based Maintenance Contracting PC Plano de Compensação (Compensation Plan) PIU Project Implementation Unit PLC Project Liaison Committee PPP Public Participation Process PPZ Partial Protection Zone Provedores de Serviços para Implementação do Reassentamento (Resettlement PROSIR Implementation Service Providers) PTCM SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology QGAS Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social QPR Quadro de Políticas de Reassetamento RAP Resettlement Action Plan RAT Repartição de Áreas Transversais Relatório do Levantamento Físico e Socioeconómico (Physical and Socio-economic RFLSE Survey Report) RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SADC Southern Africa Development Community SC Social Consultants SDAE Serviço Distrital de Actividades Económicas (District Economic Activities Service) Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e Infraestrutura (District Planning and SDPI Infrastructure Service) Serviço Distrital de Saúde, Mulher e Acção Social (District Service for Health, Women SDSMAS and Social Action)
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SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SESS Simplified Environmental and Social Study SME Small and Medium Enterprise SH Sexual Harassment TCRMS Technical Committee for Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision USD United States Dollar VLD Voluntary Land Donation WB/WBG World Bank / World Bank Group
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Glossary Strip of land that will be used for the safe installation of project infrastructures, as well Areas Technically as the area around the infrastructure that must remain permanently free of obstruction Required by the during the construction and/or operation of the project in order to prevent accidents. Project Annual agricultural crops (also known as temporary crops) are those that complete their life cycle within a season and die after the harvest e.g. lettuce, cabbage, beans, Annual crop corn, soybeans, flowers, etc. As there is a specific season, the sowing / planting period is of great importance.
Collection and analysis of environmental and socio-economic information and data that lead to the identification of potential project impacts, displacement of communities and mitigation and compensation measures. Baseline data are also used to inform the Baseline study or development of livelihood development interventions and to monitor and assess the reference situation progress of compensation and resettlement of affected populations and impacts after physical relocation is complete.
Systematic field survey to identify and define the number of project affected persons (PAP) or displaced persons (DP). The census is the baseline for establishing eligibility Census criteria for compensation/resettlement and other assistance measures arising from the project.
Payment, in cash or in kind/goods, for an asset (land, property, goods, etc.), means to Compensation restore livelihoods, resources or access to them, to the affected person during the acquisition of land for the project.
The Compensation Committee is the group that represents and defends affected Compensation persons, families and their leaders. This key forum is one of the main interfaces Committee between the community and the project, supporting the dissemination of information and receiving and resolving complaints from the community.
Compensation in Payment for an asset (goods, property) or access to it through another asset (goods, kind property) other than money. Area to be kept free of occupation and obstructions to guarantee the safety of the infrastructure and community around it, during the works and operation of the Project. Corridor of Impact In other words, it considers the area technically required for the implementation of the infrastructure - It represents the limit of the census/area to be resettled by the Project.
As described in OP 4.12, “The cut-off date is normally the day the census starts. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the delineated area, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to Cut-off date delineation to prevent further population influx”. The declaration of a cut-off date for people who occupy a given area corresponds to the day when they (the people) are prohibited from carrying out construction activities and investment in permanent improvements and expansion of agricultural land, among other activities, until affected persons are compensated. Any new construction/land occupation after the cut-off date will not be eligible for compensation. Includes all people who are physically or economically displaced to make room for the Displaced person development of a project.
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Loss of use or access to resources that provide shelter and / or a way to support a Displacement family.
DUAT (Right to Use Formal certificate that gives an individual or group of individuals the right to use the and Benefit from the land. The absence of a formal certificate does not exclude its user from rights over the Land) use of the land, as he may acquire the right in a customary manner in good faith. Economic Loss of assets or access to assets that brings about a loss of income streams or other displacement livelihoods as a result of project-related land acquisition and / or land use restrictions. The compulsory expropriation of property or land rights and their simultaneous Expropriation acquisition by the expropriating authority using the law in the public interest.
Infrastructure Project improvements in public infrastructures, i.e., rehabilitation and upgrade of improvements selected priority roads and border posts. Individual or collective non-measurable assets such as sacred forests, historical sites, Intangible goods graves and accessibility to basic services, means of transport and others [Decree 31/2012, Article 1 (c)].
Making a list and economic evaluation of all assets (100% sampling) owned, tangible or not, and economic activities located in a given area. The aim is to estimate the Inventory of goods replacement value in order to restore the owner's livelihood to levels equal to or better than pre-existing ones.
Monetary Cash compensation. compensation The period during which a specified activity is prohibited, postponed or suspended. This period begins with a formal declaration of a cut-off fate. The statement should also Moratorium indicate that proposed compensation and resettlement dates and affected parties must be informed in advance if there is any change in that period.
Project improvements not associated to civil works in infrastructures, example reforms Non-infrastructure in border management. improvements
Public domain areas around key infrastructure or which contain key natural resources. As per Article 8 of Land Law (Law 19/97), it includes two (2) km strip of land along the terrestrial border and strip of land bordering each side of the centre line of Partial Protection roads: 50 m for highway and roads of four lanes, 30 m for primary (national) roads and Zone 15 (m) for secondary and tertiary roads. It is not possible to acquire a DUAT in either type of protected area. Any activity can only be carried out with a special license issued by the responsible entity.
A perennial (also known as permanent) crop is one that grows from year to year, often requiring several years to become productive e.g. mango, mafurreira, coconut tree. It Perennial crop does not necessarily die after harvest. If irrigation is possible, the sowing / planting season does not matter.
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The loss of shelter and assets resulting from the acquisition of land associated with the Physical displacement acquisition of land for the project that requires the affected person to move to another location.
This refers to all persons affected by the use or acquisition of land required for the project. PAPs are affected because of their loss arising from restricted or limited access Project Affected to economic assets, shelter, sources of income, or livelihoods. Such persons may Persons (PAP) represent individual or collective interests, be members of a household or formal commercial activity or not.
The displacement or transfer of the affected population from one place to another place within the country and the restoration or creation of living conditions equal to or Resettlement better than the previous standard (Decree nº 31/2012). The World Bank clarifies that the standard of living prior to the start of the project must be measured.
Area to be kept unoccupied and free of obstruction in order to guarantee the safety of the infrastructure and the surrounding communities, during the construction and Resettlement operation of the project. In other words, it covers the area technically required to install Corridor of Impact the infrastructure and the applicable wayleave in these locations, setting the boundaries for the census/the area to be resettled by the project.
Rights and The compensation entitlement framework describes compensation for physical and compensation economic losses due to displacement or resettlement and identifies categories of framework people who will receive compensation for their losses. Semi-perennial crop, also called biennial, is one that usually completes its cycle in a period of two or more growing seasons e.g. sugar cane, pineapple, banana, papaya, Semi-perennial crops etc.
Survey and description of demographic, social and economic information on the population affected and resident in the project’s direct area of direct influence such as: demography, languages, type of land / type of land ownership / property, economic activities, etc. According to World Bank Operational Policy 4.12, the socio-economic study are applied to subprojects with strong impacts, i.e. when displaced persons lose Socio-economic study 10% or more of their productive assets or are physically rehoused. This means that wide community socio-economic survey is optional for Compensation Plans and Abbreviated Resettlement Plans, however, household survey (including census and inventory of assets) shall always be conducted, to assess the magnitude of impact (for the household), level of vulnerability (if any) and establish a baseline for future monitoring of restoration of living conditions and livelihoods5 Rights assigned on a legal or statutory basis. In this context, it means that legal rights Statutory rights are acquired through the authorization process described in the country’s legislation on land.
Individual or collective measurable assets, such as crops, fixed assets and Tangible goods improvements carried out in the expropriated area [Decree 31/2012, Article 1 (b)].
5 Household survey is the key instrument to establish a baseline of assets, income and livelihood sources, access to services and other social characteristics to be monitored in determining if the RAPs or ARAPS or PC fulfilled the objective of restoring living conditions and livelihoods.
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A multisectoral advisory body to the Minister which oversees the territorial planning Technical Commission sector, in charge of monitoring, supervising, and providing methodological for Resettlement recommendations on the resettlement process.
Process whereby an individual or collective owner agrees to provide land or property Voluntary Land for project-related activities. It must occur freely, without coercion or duress from Donation people with full knowledge of other available options and their consequences.
Group of people who, by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage or social status, may be more adversely affected by a loss. In Vulnerable persons other words, they are particularly vulnerable or disadvantaged and could experience adverse impacts from the proposed project more severely than others. They should receive special attention when planning and implementing compensation. Corresponds to a strip along other land that gives the public infrastructure right of passage. In the case of power lines or roads, the wayleave is defined in terms of safety strips along its entire route. These strips must be unoccupied for safety reasons related Wayleave to the risks (eg. associated traffic accidents, electrocution, electromagnetic, uncontrolled fires) which could result in damage such as accidents with people and destruction of property. In the operational phase these strips can be used for maintenance vehicles and equipment, etc.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) 1 Introduction Trade is a channel for the economic and social development of nations. In 2017, Mozambique ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement with the aim of stimulating the country’s exports and imports. Mozambique and Malawi have requested World Bank support though the Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project (hereinafter termed “Project” or “SATCP”), Project Code P164847. The Government of Mozambique, represented by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, is applying for IDA grants to implement the Project. The Ministry of Transport and Communication and the Roads Authority (ANE) will be responsible for the overall implementation of the project with strong participation by the beneficiary and affected districts and communities as well as the Corridor Working Group, which is an interagency working group that will provide oversight on implementation of the project. The Corridor Working Group was established under the National Trade Facilitation Committee and is chaired by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Commerce and the Tax Authority (Autoridade Tributária). The Ministry of Transport and Communication as the implementing agency executing part of the Project funds, for consultancy services costs under the preparation of the project, requested Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). This document is the Executive Summary of the RPF of the SATCP, which covers all project activities to be implemented in Mozambique.
1.1 Rationale for the project development Mozambique is an important gateway for the land-locked countries in Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region (Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and southern DRC). In recent years substantial private and public investments have been made along the main corridors connecting Mozambique to nearby countries.
However, the economic potential of the region is not exploited due to poor trade facilitation that includes inadequate border clearance facilities carrying out manual and duplicative procedures, prevalence of non- tariff barriers (NTBs), a lack of coordination within and between countries and lack of regulatory capacity. The lack of connectivity to production (and distribution) centres makes it difficult to export agricultural products and benefit from non-agricultural employment.
High transaction costs make it harder for subsistence farmers to access markets, overlapping regulatory mandates with little coordination or delegation and often with disparate working hours. There is a lack of consistency on tariff classification, different interpretations of the rules of origin, non-acceptance of certificates of origin, application of discriminatory taxes and other charges on imports originating from member states, and poorly designed procedures for verifying originating imports whose origin status is disputed. Frequent power outages disrupt border related processes.
Due the COVID-19 pandemic, the country is experiencing a crisis of unprecedented proportions, suffering supply disruptions, fiscal shortfalls, and capital outflows alongside declines in trade flows and export prices. This is compounded by inflationary pressure and food insecurity with households and firms being impacted by the collapse of tourism, remittances, foreign direct investment (FDI), and export revenues. The GDP is expected to decline by 0.9 percent, and it’s expected to increase poverty by 1.7 percent in Mozambique relative to pre-COVID forecasts. In this context, reducing trade costs and strengthening regional trade and investment becomes more crucial.
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1.1.1 Strategic context SATCP promotes targeted improvements along the Nacala, Beira and Maputo Corridors (the three major corridors in Mozambique) as well as broader trade-related reforms (see details of improvements in Chapter 2). Despite its adverse environmental and social impacts, the Project’s impacts are expected to lead to wider economic benefits such as income growth, job creation, greater resilience, as well as ripple effects in other countries in the region. It supports Mozambique’s potential to become a trade and logistics hub in the region. It will also strengthen Malawi’s trade and transport network, which is an important priority for a landlocked country facing numerous challenges to diversifying its exports and integration into the regional and global economy. Streamlining procedures, together with infrastructure investments and improvements in corridor performance will improve the reliability of supply chains for traders, producers and consumers, as well as their ability to choose more efficient transport routes and reduce the competitiveness gap with regional and global competitors. This will be even more significant in the context of the region’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. For Mozambique and Malawi, strengthening intra-regional trade and economic linkages through a spatial focus on Mozambique’s economic corridors is of key strategic importance. To realize the region’s economic potential, key constraints on trade and investment must be removed. Despite the growing linkages between corridor countries, the potential of the subregion’s integration remains unrealized.
1.1.2 Sectoral Context The Beira and Nacala corridors can be considered a core system for the development of Mozambique as a reliable logistics and port gateway for SADC land-locked countries. Developing these corridors could lead to strong economic benefits that reduce poverty. There is an outstanding opportunity to leverage recent investments in the corridors. Reducing trade costs and improving the road network will facilitate value chain development by improving access to global and regional markets. Boosting regional trade in goods entails removing non-tariff barriers and enacting measures that improve regulatory cooperation, predictability, and transparency. Border clearance documentation and procedures are often manual, duplicated and cumbersome while border facilities along the corridors are in poor condition, often constrained by cramped office spaces, overcrowded public areas, and a shortage of equipment. The state of trade-related digital connectivity is a key constraint on the development of the region. Gaps in the corridor transport infrastructure need to be filled urgently to ensure access to production and distribution centres. The regulatory capacities of the transport and logistics sector is also weak and precludes efficient functioning.
1.2 The Proponent and Implementing Agencies The project proponent is the Government of Mozambique, represented by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the project will be implemented by the Ministry of Transport and Communications (Ministério dos Transportes e Comunicações - MTC) and the Roads Authority (Administração Nacional de Estradas - ANE) (see details below). ANE will be responsible for implementing the infrastructure (roads and border posts). The project implementation unit (PIU) in MTC will be responsible for implementing the project’s non-infrastructure components.
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Table 1 - Contact Data of MTC Project Proponent Details Implementing agency Ministry of Transport and Communications Project Details Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project (SATCP), Project Nº P164847 Responsibility Non-infrastructure improvements Address Martires de Inhaminga Avenue, N˚. 336, Maputo Telephone (+258) 21320223 Fax (+258) 21359816 Web page www.mtc.gov.mz
Table 2 - Contact Data of ANE Project Proponent Details Implementing agency National Road Administration (ANE) Project Details Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project (SATCP), Project Nº P164847 Responsibility Infrastructure improvements Address Moçambique Avenue, Nº 1225, CP 14 39, Maputo Telephone (+258) 21476163/7 Fax (+258) 21475862 Web page www.ane.gov.mz
The project will be implemented with strong participation by the beneficiary and affected municipalities, districts and communities as well as the Corridor Working Group (CWG).
2 Project Description 2.1 Project Components The Project Development Objective is to reduce trade and transport costs and increase private investment along targeted Corridors in Malawi and Mozambique. The Project has five components that are succinctly described in the Project Appraisal Document (PAD). In summary, the components are: Component 1: Reduce Trade Costs ($121 million), which aims to lower trade costs through trade facilitation, including border infrastructure and regulatory reforms. Subcomponent 1.1. Enabling Digital Trade: Development of Trade Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) Systems - US$ 16.0 million (USD 12.0 million Malawi; USD 4.0 million Mozambique). Subcomponent 1.2. Improving borders and their management (US$ 91.0 million (USD 32.0 million Malawi; USD 59 million Mozambique). (expansion and rehabilitation of Milange Border Post in the Nacala corridor; expansion and rehabilitation of Zóbuè, Calómuè and Cassacatiza Border Posts in the Beira corridor; and expansion and rehabilitation of Ponta do Ouro Border Post in Maputo Corridor). Subcomponent 1.3. Strengthening trade and connectivity institutional capacity - US$ 14.0 million (USD 7.0 million Malawi; USD 7.0 million Mozambique). Component 2: Strengthen Regional Coordination and Support Project Implementation US$ 36.0 million (US$ 18 million each country), strengthening regional coordination, the project will provide support to the
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) existing Nacala Development Corridor Tripartite Committee (NDCTC) through: institutional mechanisms, performance monitoring mechanism, reducing non-tariff barriers to trade, developing joint COVID-19 responses between the two countries, among others. Component 3: Increase investment in value chains in the region (US$ 34.00 million; US$ 17 million in each country) aiming to expand the productivity and market opportunities of the private sector along targeted value chains in the project’s catchment areas. Sub-component 3.1. Provide risk-sharing opportunities to support value-chains (US$ 26 million; US$ 13 million in each country) (e.g. support to a combination of equipment, skills, and infrastructure in different value-chains, such as mechanization, warehousing, etc.). Sub-component 3.2: Expand technical assistance to value chain players (US$ 8 million). Component 4: Strengthen transport infrastructure to improve market access, US$159.00 million Subcomponent 4.1: Rehabilitate Roads US$ 141 million (US$ 31 million Malawi; US$ 110 million Mozambique). Subcomponent 4.2: Improve Road Safety US$ 18 million (US$ 3 million Malawi; US$ 15 million Mozambique). Component 5: Contingent Emergency Response ($ 0.00 million), given the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters and health emergencies (e.g. floods and droughts in Malawi, cyclones in Mozambique, and health emergencies like Covid-19 in both countries), the project will activate an Immediate Response Mechanism (IRM)-CERC.
2.2 Project components subject to land acquisition and restrictions The Project will implement infrastructure and non-infrastructure improvements6. Although all civil works (rehabilitation and expansion of existing public infrastructures) will occur on existing land or within the road/border partial protection zone7 (PPZ) (defined by law no to be occupied by community uses - see Section 4.3), the land (within these PPZ) are encroached upon. Consequently, the infrastructure improvements will potentially lead to loss of agricultural land, physical relocation of people, loss of assets, loss of access to assets, loss of income sources, loss of means of livelihood and restrictions on, or loss of access to, economic assets and resources for the people in the project area. The associated facilities for the construction/rehabilitation of the project infrastructures (borrow pits, yards, campsite, etc.) may also lead for land restrictions and are covered in this RPF and its budget. They will be included in the ARAP/PC for the subprojects - conducted before construction. Specific ARAP/PC shall be drafted later for associated facilities identified during construction phase or addendum will be done to previous ARAP/PC. This will therefore trigger the World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) and Mozambique relevant legislation on land and resettlement hence the preparation of this RPF. With the exception of Subcomponent 3.1, all other non-infrastructure components are not land based. Activities under Subcomponent 3.1 (risk-sharing opportunities to support value-chains) demand land use
6 The infrastructure subcomponents are those associated to civil works in public infrastructures, i.e rehabilitation and upgrade/expansion of priority roads (Subcomponent 4.1) and border posts (Subcomponent 1.1). The project will also fund two inland examination centers respectively in Lilongwe and Blantyre - in Malawi. The non-infrastructure subcomponents are all the remaining subcomponents, that do not deals with improvements in infrastructures (ex. support to the existing Nacala Development Corridor Tripartite Committee, finance the operations of Project Implementation Units, risk-sharing opportunities to support value- chains, technical assistance, contingent emergency response, etc.). 7 PPZ are public domain areas around key infrastructure or which contain key natural resources. As per Article 8 of Land Law (Law 19/97), it includes two (2) km strip of land along the terrestrial border and strip of land bordering each side of the center line of roads: 50 m for highway, 30 m for primary (national) roads and 15 (m) for secondary and tertiary roads.
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(ex. agriculture), however, it is assumed that SATCP will finance ongoing activities with no need for resettlement. Based on the prior experience of the Innovation and Demonstration Catalytic Fund promoted by the Integrated Growth Poles Project (P127303), in order to avoid costs associated with resettlement (both money and time), proposals that require resettlement will not be eligible for the fund. This shall be included in the due diligence (screening) checklist of the catalytic fund Manual - to ensure that the value chain subprojects do not cause land use changes/restrictions of access that affect third parties (farm employees, informal users and occupants, natural resource users, etc.) and that subproject proponents are the legitimate owners of the land. Thus, no land acquisition/resettlement impacts are expected within the non-infrastructure components. Nevertheless, all unexpected activities that may arise demanding resettlement (i.e. any extraordinary circumstance, currently unforeseen, that requires displacements) will be subject to the requirements of this RPF. It shall be noted that expansion of value chains may lead to restrictions of access to resources (economic displacements) that will later be included in the strategic/cumulative impact assessment as well as at appropriate instruments of the subproject proponent. This might occur for example if the subproject proponent (legitime owner of the land) decides to use its marginal land temporarily in use by third parties (farm employees, informal users and occupants, natural resource users, etc.). The project subcomponents with infrastructure improvements, subject to this RPF are Subcomponent 1.2. (rehabilitation and upgrade of borders posts) and Subcomponent 4.1: (rehabilitation and expansion of roads) as follows.
2.2.1 Border posts The Project Subcomponent 1.2 will finance the expansion and rehabilitation of five border posts in three road corridors in Mozambique. The Table below provides a summary of the border posts to be upgraded and the following map shows their integration within the region.
Table 3 - List of border posts selected for rehabilitation in Mozambique Border post Countries sharing Corridor Province Milange Muloza (Malawi) and Milange (Mozambique) Nacala Zambézia Zóbuè Zóbuè (Mozambique) and Mwanza (Malawi) Beira Tete Calómuè Calómuè (Mozambique) and Dedza (Malawi) Beira Tete Cassacatiza (Mozambique) and Chanida Cassacatiza Beira Tete (Zambia) Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique) and Khozy Bay Ponta do Ouro Maputo Maputo (South Africa)
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Figure 1 - Map of border posts within the region Source: World Bank Group
Specific civil works to be conducted and the footprint of the investment subprojects is largely unknown at this stage, however they may include rehabilitation and upgrade of border posts (of Calómuè, Cassacatiza, Milange, Zóbuè, and Ponta do Ouro), construction of two Inland Examination Centres8 in Lilongwe and Blantyre - in Malawi, PPP Feasibility Border Markets, weighbridge relocation, etc.
2.2.1 Roads Subcomponent 4.1 intends to rehabilitate key road networks of rural areas that have experienced increased economic activity along the Nacala corridor. The selected roads for rehabilitation and maintenance are mainly tertiary roads (only N360 road is secondary and R1156 road is vicinal), connecting producers to main roads (trade connectors). Both of them are currently unpaved (secondary, tertiary and vicinal roads are normally unpaved). Economic analysis indicates that these roads connect firms not only across sectors but also across the country and across borders. The rehabilitation may include culverts, graveling, surface treatment and routine/periodic maintenance to the prescribed level of service. The project will adopt the Performance Based Road Based Maintenance Contracting (PBMC) approach to implement rehabilitation and maintenance works in Malawi and Mozambique. Under the PBMC approach the contractor assumes responsibility for managing the condition of the road assets to ensure the contractually agreed performance standards are achieved. The approach shifts the planning and delivery risks from the owner
8 An inland examination centers is a legally established Customs and border agency examination facility that enables Malawian regulatory agencies to open, unpack, mark, weigh, unload any container or goods presented for import or export, at a designated location away from the prescribed land borders, airports and other approved places, under regulatory control.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) to the contractor as the owner’s specifications focus on what is to be achieved rather than how to achieve it. The identified priority roads to be rehabilitated in Mozambique are in selected districts of Nampula and Niassa provinces, within Nacala Corridor9, as per the figure and table below.
Figure 2 - Map of priority roads (in purple) identified within Nacala Corridor (in green) in Mozambique Source: ANE
Table 4 - List of rural roads selected for rehabilitation in Mozambique Corridor Province Area Road Section Class Road Link Length (km) R687-T8090 10 Nampula - Corrane Tertiary R686-8123 17.4 Nampula R686-T8122 23.2 station R696-T8006 24 Rapale - Mecuburi Tertiary Nampula R696-T8163 31 Iapala R1170-T8904 26.6 Namiconha - Iapala Tertiary Nacala Station R692-T8860 11.5 Namialo R1156-T8893 5 Namialo - Imala Vicinal Station R1156-T8894 50 R720-T1013 22 Cuamba - Insaca Tertiary Cuamba R720-T1012 64 Niassa Station N360-T1018 46 Cuamba - Metarica Secondary N360-T1019 21 Total 2 provinces 4 areas 6 roads - 13 road links 351.7 km Source: ANE, updated by the consultant
9 The road rehabilitation will only focus on the Nacala Corridor. Beira Corridor roads are being finance through the Mozambique Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (P156559). The road to Ponta do Ouro has recently been upgraded and rehabilitated.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) 3 Socioeconomic Profile of Project Area 3.1 Project Area and Administrative Division The table below provides administrative division of the corridor specific areas10 to be covered by the Project (specific location of certain activities of the project, mainly under component 3, are not represented since are not known in this phase).
Table 5 - Administrative divisions covered by the project infrastructures Type of Name of Infrastructu Corridor Province Districts Communities/Neighborhood Infrastructure re Ponta do Ouro Border Post Maputo Maputo Matutuíne Bairro Fronteira Ponta do Ouro Zóbuè Border Post Beira Tete Moatize Zóbuè Calómuè Border Post Beira Tete Angónia Calómuè Cassacatiza Border Post Beira Tete Chifunde Cassacatiza Milange Border Post Nacala Zambézia Milange Muloza Muhala Expansão, Crispim, Navantho, Namiconha A, Nampula Mpuatha, Ceramica, Patholoko/Tatiua, M,mora A, Nampula- Road Nacala Nampula M,mora B, Namihuro, Muhavula Corrane Weicha, Muanaphapare, Namacuva, Nacuzupa, Muhehe, Meconta Nahe, Sede do posto administrativo Namuali / Cuhari, Nathove, Rapale Nacuia, Monapo Rapale-Mecuburi Road Nacala Nampula Kanuco, Nahipa, Intatapila,
Mecuburi Napacuene, Nacuacuale, Sede do posto administrativo Moc. Novo / 2000, 1º de Maio, Namiconha - Cunle, 5º Congresso, Outeiro, Road Nacala Nampula Ribáuè Iapala Mucapuapuane, Josina Machel, Namilathu Mauqeia, Napila, Hantho 1 – Cajual, N' haca, Hantho 2, Namialo - Imala Road Nacala Nampula Muecate Linhane, Napaiaia, Napala, Errua,
Niura, Ampuaia, Nacheche, Sede do posto administrativo
10 Project activities are regional, national and corridor specific. The regional activities will be implemented in Mozambique, Malawi and other SADC countries, the national activities in impact the country while the corridor specific activities will be implemented in specific areas of the corridors. All those activities demanding land use restrictions are corridor specific.
Under component 1, most trade facilitation improvements are national and as such impact all corridors - Maputo, Beira and Nacala (eg. investments in coordinated border management, risk management and Information, Communication and Technology (ICT). Some improvements such as border post rehabilitation are corridor specific. Component 2 activities are regional in nature though may impact specific corridors or agencies. Component 3 financing will be available to firms operating in the Beira and Nacala corridor area. Component 4 is targeted in the Nacala corridor. Road safety improvements are likely to be both national and targeted along both corridors.
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Type of Name of Infrastructu Corridor Province Districts Communities/Neighborhood Infrastructure re Maganga, Mecupa, Muripa, Cuamba e Wahela, Jeque, Berro, Cuamba - Insaca Road Nacala Niassa Mecanhela Mecundica, Tobwe, Jemusse, s Insaca Cuamba - Cuamba e Mendonça, Meripo -2, Meripo -1, Road Nacala Niassa Metarica Metarica Napacala
The population in Mozambique grow at average rate of 2.6%/year. However, among the selected provinces, the population growth rate varies from 2.4 to 3.9%. Moatize shows a rate of 5.3%, representing the highest rate observed in the country - see the following table. The multiple geography unites covered by the project have different characteristics. Table below summarizes general data of the districts covered by the project. For the road subprojects, the data are grouped per province due to be linear infrastructures covering several (10) districts. Table 6: General social data of the areas covered by the project Life Pop Population Expect Grow Surface Province District inhabitants Density Ethnicity* language Religion ancy Rate (km2) (hab/km2) % % Emacua, Muslim Whole 1 810 794 Macua, Niassa 55 2.4 129 056 14.5 Ciyao and and province (51% Female) Nyanja, Cinyanja Catholic Macua, Muslim Whole 6 102 867 Nampula 55.1 2.4 81 606 74.8 Nyanja, Emakuwa and province (52% Female) Maconde Catholic ELomue, 532 835 Nyanja Muslim Zambézia 53.7 2.5 Milange 5 516 97 and (54% Female) Chewa Catholic Chuabo Nyungwe Catholic, 343 546 Nyanja Moatize 8 879 38.6 Nhungué Evangelical (51% Female) and Zion/Zion Cichewa Nyungwe 155 210 N’tsenga e Nyanja Sion/Zione Tete 56.9 3.9 Chifunde 9 326 16.6 (51% Female) Chewa and Catholic Cichewa Nyungwe 486 251 Nyanja Catholic, Angónia 3 437 141.5 A-Chewa (51% Female) and Sion/Zione Cichewa Zione/Sion 44 834 Maputo 64.3 3.0 Matutuíne 5 403 29.27 Ronga Ronga Evangelica (51% Female) catholic Source: Adapted from INE 2017 data - District Profile
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3.2 Cultural Features The project will be implemented within communities characterized by habits and customs that show similarities and differences. When talking about cultural aspects in this document focus is given to issues like language, religion, rites. Table above provides some of these data. There is multiplicity of ethnicities and vernacular languages spoken. In the northern province - Niassa, languages such as Nyanja, Emakuwa (in Cuamba) and shortly Maconde are predominant; In Nampula, is mostly or and totally Emakuwa; Zambézia, we can find Lomue, and Chuabo (In Milange), and also Emakuwa; while Nyungwe and Nyanja (especially in the Moatize and Angónia), and Cichewa is spoken in Tete. For Maputo Province, especially in Matutuíne District, the spoken language is Ronga. Religion has an important role for the community cohesion. The Muslim communities and Catholic are mostly concentrated in urban areas in Nampula and Niassa; while the Protestants, Zionists and Animist communities are more concentrated in rural areas. In the central region (Zambézia and Tete) the catholic communities are predominant, but it notable an Animist spread even in urban areas, nowadays. In Maputo is notable the Zion, Protestants, Evangelic churches more common in rural areas, whereas in the urban areas the Catholic and Muslim are substantial. Apart of the churches, communities and families respect its holy places, where ancestors have been buried. The social and family structure of the targeted provinces is basically matrilineal for Niassa, Nampula and Zambézia, the residence of the household is set on the mother’s side. Tete and Maputo, are patriarchal, where most issues are defined at the male side. In matriarchal areas the husband moves to his wife's house, once the marriage is dissolved, the children and land remain in the hands of the women. Matrilineal cultural allow women to have the initiative being responsible to provide meals and another thing; employed. Culturally there is no barrier for a male to do a domestic activity or take care of children as the women is at work. In matrilineal societies, women obtain rights through their male relatives, namely maternal brothers or uncles. In this context, the maternal uncle is the head of the matrilineal family and the household and is the one who manages the land. (Hábitos e Cultura do Povo Moçambicano, 2020).
In the patrilineal system, man is the head of the family. Women's access to land depends on their husband and male relatives. When women gain access to land, the parcels are usually smaller. In addition, women are confined to domestic work and men are more involved in seasonal salary work and the disposal of surplus production to markets. Consequently, men are the ones who receive the cash income and control the expenses11.
In both matrilineal and patrilineal, polygamy is a common practice and there are cases where formal marriage is arranged. Communities at local level has their own organization. For the realization of its administrative and territorial development function, the governmental structure is assured at local level in all communities with two distinct organization, one formal and other traditional. It includes Secretaries of the Localities, Régulos (high level community representative), Secretaries of the Neighborhoods (mobilization of the community for social and economic tasks) and Heads of Ten Houses. The degree of involvement of community leaders in development processes is so high that it gives special relevance to local protagonist. The main role of the traditional structure, based in Régulos, is related with conflict resolution. Most of the conflicts solved by the Régulos are related with land, social problems (which includes gender-based violence). Because the leaders are male, resolution of gender-based violence tend to protect man, most of
11 FERREIRA, Antonio Rita. Grouping and Ethnic Characterization of the Indigenous People of Mozambique
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) the crimes are not reported. With the approval of the laws against domestic violence and premature marriage, victims of these violence can rely on police office to report it.
3.3 Gender As per the cultural feature above described, Mozambican culture was driven by gender discrimination beliefs for years. In most of the districts covered by the project and within the country in general, men are bread winners and are preeminent in decision-making. Activities continue to be conducted on the basis of gender. In general, men are responsible for productive activities outside home while women are expected to take responsibility for reproductive and productive activities within the home. Women have less access to control over resources than men. These resources include income, land, credit, and education (PEDD, 2013).
In 2019, the labor force participation rate for men is higher at 78 %, than for women at 63 %. Female employment in industry is very low, although increasing from 0.3 percent in 2000 to 3 percent in 2019.12
Mozambican cultures provide and strengthen violence against children, abuse, exploitation and trafficking and also reinforce child labor, thus constituting an embarrassment in its eradication. In 2010 there were more than 12 million children (INE, 2012). Of this number, about 1,108,334 children between the ages of 7 and 17 were developing child labor in various branches or sectors of activities throughout the country. Nampula province and Zambézia lead the majority of the child population involved in paid work. More than 96% of the children who practice child labor, work in the areas or sectors of family and commercial agriculture, hunting, fishing and forestry (MITESS, UEM, 2016).
Gender roles are perpetuated through initiation rites, which, according to tradition, represent the passage from adolescence to adulthood. As a result, young girls are forced into early school leaving and early marriage, which remain frequent in rural areas (Conceição Osório, 2013).
As per the Gender-based Violence (GBV) assessed for SATCP, Mozambique has an institutional framework to prevent and respond to GBV (such as laws on domestic and sexual violence) and the prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence are lower than regional average, however other indicators are worrisome such as high levels of child marriage, trafficking and presence of peace keeping missions (derived from internal conflict and affected natural disasters). Moreover, the assessment showcased that the project can increase the marginal GBV risks for Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) and Sexual Harassment (SH) for beneficiary communities. The province of Nampula, for example, where roads will be rehabilitated by the project counts with the highest levels of poverty in the country.
A new analytical framework called the Multidimensional Poverty Analysis (MDPA) launched by SIDA (SIDA 2019) provides a summary of GBV data. As per this document, official numbers indicate that 22% of women aged 15-49 years having experienced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or sexual violence at least once in their lifetime, and 16% in the year. However, several studies from all around the country that indicate much higher levels, Nampula 49% (life) and 46% (year), and a study of 1200 women (aged 15-45 years) living in Maputo, Inhambane, Sofala, Zambézia and Cabo Delgado found that almost half of the women had experienced 47.5% and 25% severe physical assault with injury in the last year. The high levels of intimate partner violence may be partly due high levels of early marriage, as research has showed that women who are married between 15 and 17 years old are at increased risk of intimate partner violence.
12 World Bank Gender Data Portal
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There is a lack of comprehensive data related to marginalized groups such as persons living with HIV/AIDS, persons in prostitution, and persons with (dis)abilities, but they likely face an even higher risk of violence.
3.4 Housing The physical characteristics of housing, especially the material used in its construction and access to basic water, sanitation and energy services, are important indicators of household living standards. Adequate and resilient housing should be a safe investment that will support recurring events that may affect its integrity. In Mozambique, approximately 32% of the population lives in urban areas that households tend to be concentrated around village headquarters, where the little existing local social and economic infrastructure are centralized (e.g., schools, first aid post, improved water sources, stalls), with the majority having patterns of rural life, with houses made of precarious material and in extended family settlements (sun's/daughter house and parent house in the same plot) (UN-Habitat Moçambique, 2018).
Field survey conducted under the preparation of the current RPF revels 92% of the houses within a corridor of 20 m from the axis of the roads to be rehabilitated in Nampula province were made by peccary material.
It reveled also that settlements are located preferable close to the roads, with a tendency to combine it with proximity to river (i.e. community houses are mainly located close to roads, especially when there is a river close by).
The demand for water and energy supply as well as of sanitation services is high within the visited project sites. This confirms the data gathered from secondary sources, as shown in the table below.
Table 7: Water and Energy coverage within project area
Matutuíne Moatize Chifunde Angónia Milange Nampula Niassa Water **16,1% *7,5% 38,80% *2% - 27.5% 21.3% Energy 74% 59% 35,70% 56.61% 40.9% 49.2% 39.1% Source: ANE 2017. *ANE 2007, **ANE 2010
3.5 Education Education in Mozambique is organized by three main stages: primary, secondary and higher education. These levels of education are distributed in all provinces both private and public. In terms of attendance, the number of students attending primary school shows that about 50% of the children with age for studying are enrolled at primary school, and at high level less than 1% is attending this level, excluding Maputo province.
Table 8: Percentage of students attending each level in a Targeted Province high Provinces Elementary Primary Secondary education Niassa 0.4 52.8 10.3 0.6 Nampula 1.1 48.6 10.1 0.5 Zambézia 0.9 56.3 10.3 0.6 Tete 0.9 54.2 8.8 0.6 Maputo Province 1.4 54.7 28.5 2.7 Mozamb. 0.7 53.3 14.6 1.2 Source: INE - Final Report/IOF 2014/15: Fourth Census 2017
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The level of illiteracy rate is around 44.9%, however with variation among provinces, and from rural to urban area. It also varies among sex, being women 58% and male 30%. Therefore, opportunities of women are challenged by lower level of literacy. The Government and other social organization adopt special program for girls and to change this difference the government and NGOs are implementing special program to increase the enrolment of girls. Within the project provinces, Niassa has the highest level of illiteracy, and Maputo province the lowest.
Table 9: Illiteracy rate (%) in a Targeted province
Provinces %total Male Female Niassa 58 42.4 72.6 Nampula 56 40.5 71.2 Zambézia 54 34.3 71.9 Tete 55.2 39.7 69.9 Maputo 19.3 10.5 26.6 Province Mozambique 44.9 30.1 57.8 Source: INE - Final Report/IOF 2014/15: Fourth Census 2017
The enrolment and attendance rate are particularly low among girls. The gender imbalance increases by age 15, suggesting that early marriage and increased family responsibilities may be relevant factors in dropout rates13.
Schooling infra-structure is one of the major challenges of the Ministry of Education. In Mozambique part of children continues to study outdoors and sitting in the floors. And the existing infra-structures is challenged/destroyed by the extreme climate events (cyclones and storms etc.) that affects Mozambique, being the lasts IDAI and Kenneth, in 2019.
3.6 Health Mozambique provides to its population a primary health care in all provinces for free. However, access to these facilities are constraint by the availability and quality of services provides. In average 68.3% of people spend 30 min walking to get hospital. Cabo Delgado is the worst Province with 38.7% of people who need to walk long distances to find the facilities.
In Mozambique Malaria and HIV are major cause of death and disease. 13.2% of the adult population is HIV-positive, the eighth highest prevalence rate in the world (INE 2015).
Table below shows the percentage of HIV/AIDS in project area.
Table 10: Prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS
Districts/Province Matutuíne Moatize Chifunde Angónia Milange Nampula Niassa Prevalence rate 2.5% 5% 1.4% 2.2% - 5.7% 7.8% Source: INE 2017
13 World Bank, 2016. Demand for the demographic dividend in Mozambique: an urgent agenda.
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Most districts along the borders between countries (the case of Matutuíne, Moatize, Chifunde, Angónia and Milange) have favorable conditions for the spread of this epidemic due to their geographical location and low level of socio-economic development. In addition to the Districts constituting a corridor through which youth and adults travel to neighboring countries. Truck drivers that overnight within the border posts due for immigration issues are the main vectors of HIV. The project (SATCP) intention in reducing trade and connectivity time will contribute to mitigate this health issue.
Sanitation and access to potable water contributes to combat and avoid diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. In Mozambique, these diseases affect a significant % of the population with emphasis for children and women. Table below shows the % of the population with access to potable water and without toilet (sanitation) within the project provinces.
Table 11: Percentage of Household without sanitation % of population with access to potable Water Lack of toilet/sanitation Province 2008/9 2014/5 Niassa 41.7 30.1 14.3 Nampula 35.1 38.1 46 Zambézia 20.1 30.6 65.2 Tete 48.8 49.7 44.1 Prov. De Maputo 59.7 87.1 8 Mozambique 40.5 50.3 37.5 Source: INE- Household Survey 2014/15 All the project provinces registered a reduction of people without access to potable water between 2008/9 and 2014/5, these trends are in line with the reduction of water disease outbreak. Among the provinces, only Niassa has shown a reduction on the % of population with potable water, while Maputo province had an increment of almost 30% and it is well above of the national average.
With regard to the sanitation, Maputo province shows a low rate of people without toilet compared to Nampula, Zambézia and Tete where around 50% of population does not have toilets.
Access to of health facilities is high in Maputo compared to other provinces, however, the satisfaction and quality of service offered by the public facilities are low when compared to other provinces, except Zambézia. This indicator is associated to the level of education and the efficiency of the services provided by the health facilities.
Table 12: Percentage of Household with access to health facilities
Province Accessibility Need Use Satisfaction
Niassa 64,6 14 60,9 64,6 Nampula 66,1 12,6 60,2 49,5 Zambézia 64,8 13,1 56,5 44,5 Tete 74,4 13,2 69,7 54,7 Prov. Maputo 86,3 8,8 73,3 49,8 Mozambique 61,3 12,1 67,4 53
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Mozambique has confirmed the outbreak of the Sar-cov-2 virus, that cause COVID 19, in March 2020. Up to 09 October 2020, about 9742 positive cases, 69 death and 71171 recovered were confirmed by MISAU. This new disease is affecting the implementation of several activities. It is assumed that SATCP implementation process will be initiated under COVID 19 restriction and shall comply with the proposed health protocols.
The table below summarizes the epidemiological data recorded up to October 9, 2020 and refers to COVID data in the areas of project implementation.
Table 13: Cases of COVID up to October 9, 2020
By Province Maputo Tete Zambézia Nampula Niassa Positive cases 1635 313 664 585 235 Recovered cases 156 35 173 237 10 Deaths 5 3 1 By district Matutuíne Moatize Chifunde Angónia Milange Positive cases 9 23 1 24 17 Recovered cases 0 0 0 0 0 Deaths 0 0 0 0 0 Source: MISAU Dashboard COVID-19 https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/28d6725c51e545af8583f91c5494c624
3.7 Economy About two-thirds of Mozambique’s population of more than 29 million (2018) live and work in rural areas. Mozambique endowed with ample arable land, water, energy, as well as mineral resources and newly discovered natural gas offshore; three, deep seaports; and a relatively large potential pool of labor. It is also strategically located; four of the six countries it borders are landlocked, and hence dependent on Mozambique as a conduit to global markets. Mozambique’s strong ties to the region’s economic engine, South Africa, underscore the importance of its economic, political, and social development to the stability and growth of Southern Africa as a whole14.
Although the potential above described, Mozambique is a low-income country in Southern Africa with its economy based on agriculture. Following an extractives-led investment boom that started in the late 1990s, Mozambique’s productivity increased as labor moved out of agriculture into industry and especially services. GDP growth averaged above 8 percent during the post-war recovery until 2014, making Mozambique the fastest growing non-oil economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Figure bellow shows national trend of GDP and the following table shows its variation within the project area.
14 https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique/overview, visited in 10.10.2020.
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Figure 3: Annual ` to GDP growth (to be adapted with SSA figures)
12.7%
7.8% 9.9% 8.8% 8.7% 7.4% 7.2% 7.1% 7.4% 6.5% 6.9% 6.7% 7.1% 1.7% 6.4% 6.6% 3.8% 3.7% 3.4% 2.2%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Agriculture Extractives Manufacturing Private services Other and Public services GDP Growth
Source: INE; World Bank staff estimates. (from CPSD), in SATCP PAD.
Table 14:Evolution of GDP; and grow rate of the GDP (2015-19, Constant Prices) 106 US$
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 GDP Tx GDP Tx GDP Tx GDP Tx GDP Tx Niassa 18383 6 21204 11.4 23438 8 24189 0.6 26830 8.6
93024 6.7 105158 10.3 122464 9.6 126645 1.1 134556 4.2 Nampula Zambézia 59275 7.2 68167 11.6 78991 10.4 82592 2 86343 1.2
Tete 39217 3.4 48441 19.5 60432 18.2 66484 4.3 62223 -26
Mozambique 107707 9 116948 4.9 133306 9.5 143887 3.5 165924 12.2 Source: INE- National Institute of Statistics, 2019 (DCNIG), Nat. Directorate of National Account and Macroeconomic Indicators
Transport, infrastructures and exports have been the main drivers of economic growth, maintaining double-digit output growth per year. Unsurprisingly, given both its natural resource wealth and its role as transit hub, Mozambique’s trade-to-GDP ratio in 2018 was among the highest in Africa at 132 percent15.. However, the economy is still dominated today by the agriculture sector, which accounts for 25 percent of the GDP and employs about 70 percent of the population (90 percent in rural areas). The services sector has generated most of employment growth in the economy, accounting for almost two thirds of jobs created in the formal economy since 2002. While the poverty rate has declined from 58.7 percent in 2009 to 51.8 percent in 2019, the total number of people living in poverty went up, as population growth outpaced GDP growth.16 Poverty is distributed unevenly across the country, a disproportionate number of poor people concentrated in rural provinces in the center and the north. The weak impact that sustained
16 IFC (2020). Mozambique Country Private Sector Diagnostics (pending publication)
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) economic growth has had on poverty reflects a pattern of growth driven by capital-intensive and import- dependent sectors, while low-skilled jobs continue to dominate employment. As a result, the poorest people, living mainly in rural areas of the central and northern provinces, have not benefited enough from the economic growth17.
With the impacts of COVID 19 it is expected that the GDP decrease substantially since the pandemic reached Mozambique at a weak moment in its economic history, as the country attempted to recover from two major shocks: the hidden debt crisis and the devastating effects of cyclones Idai and Kenneth in 201918.
The COVID-19 crisis will have a heavy impact on economic activity as social distancing and travel restrictions (domestically and globally) affect demand for goods and services. At the same time, reduced demand and prices of commodities are slowing the pace of investment in gas and coal, two key industries for Mozambique. With this, growth is expected to decline to 1.3% in 2020, down from a pre-COVID forecast of 4.3%, with significant downside risks19.
3.8 Transport and connectivity Mozambique has made substantial progress in many areas of infrastructure, however, it continues to be one of the main explanatory factors for the rural-urban divide. Rural households are more isolated and less mobile than urban ones. They are more than twice the distance from the nearest water source, further away from food markets, bus stops, primary schools, health facilities and police stations, which drives rural/urban inequalities. It contributes to “time poverty” with higher input costs, in terms of time, and lower returns, and especially for women who – despite working as much as men – also spend time on unpaid household duties (SIDA, 2019). Transport infrastructure, particularly rural connectivity is among the most important constraints to the economy (World Bank 2020b).
Mozambique has some of the lowest road provision in Africa (ranked 47th). About 22% of roads are paved and mainly in urban areas. 17% of the rural population is estimated to live within 2 km of the nearest road in good condition, which makes approximately 16 million people lack connection to an all-season road. (SIDA 2019).
The PAD of the SATCP provides an overview on the transport development in Mozambique. Mozambique owns about 30,000 km of official roads, of which 40 percent remain in poor condition. Given the limited coverage and the poor quality of the network, rural accessibility is estimated at 20.4 %.20 Many rural farmers and local businesses are not well connected to the domestic markets, let alone to the regional and global markets.
To achieve universal access in rural areas, it is estimated that the country would need about US$1.4 billion to rehabilitate the existing road network and another US$10.2 billion to reconstruct currently unclassified feeder roads, respectively. In Nampula and Niassa alone, the estimated needs would total about US$3.3
17World Bank (2016). Republic of Mozambique: Systematic Country Diagnostic. ttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24696 18 In 2016, Mozambique’s track record for high growth was disrupted when large, previously unreported external borrowing came to light. The revelation of undisclosed debt dented confidence in the country, increased debt levels, and more than halved the average rate of growth. In 2019, Cyclones Idai and Kenneth caused massive damage to infrastructure and livelihoods, further lowering growth and wellbeing of the population. 19 https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique/overview, visited at 07.10.2020. 20 World Bank. (2016). Measuring Rural Access: Using new technologies.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) billion. In addition, Mozambique is highly vulnerable to extreme climate events, which require additional resilience in infrastructure, and thus, more resources. The Government has already been struggling with limited fiscal space. The poorly maintained road network could add more vulnerability to the country. In 2019, for instance, a total of 3,600 km of roads were severely damaged by Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, causing significant disruptions in the transport system and the entire economy.
In recent years substantial private and public investments have been made along the main corridors connecting Mozambique to nearby countries. The Nacala corridor has been one of the largest infrastructure projects in Africa in the past decade. Between 2013 and 2018, in excess of US$ 7 billion was invested in rail and port infrastructure, including in rehabilitating existing and constructing new rail and port infrastructure as well as new construction.21 The majority of these infrastructure projects along the corridor have either been completed already or a scheduled to be completed by mid-2021. Beira corridor had received pledges of US$ 1.08 billion by the donor community at the June 2019, Donor conference of which US$ 470 million came from the World Bank and the remaining from other donors.22 The logistics core of Nacala and Beira is complemented on the north by the Mtwara corridor and with the development of a new southern route from Maputo towards the Eastern coast of South Africa through Ponta Do Ouro and Richards Bay.
The utilization of Nacala Corridor is still low compared with other corridors already (JICA data collection survey, 2017). However, survey result suggest that the Nacala corridor is, after Beira corridor, the second most utilized by foreign-owned companies for exporting and the third most important for importing (World Bank 2020b).
4 Legal Framework 4.1 Overview This chapter presents the relevant legal framework in national law and the requirements of the World Bank’s OP 4.12 for the Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project. It also compares national legislation and World Bank Policies and recommends measures to bridge gaps or differences identified.
4.2 National Legal and Regulatory Context The Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique (2004) is the main guide for the application of this legal framework. According to the Constitution, the land belongs to the Government of Mozambique (hereinafter referred to as the State), and the right to use it can only be granted by the State. Article 111
21 The most significant development has been the recently completed mega-project investment by the Vale-Mitsui Consortium comprising the construction of a coalmine at Moatize, a new section of railway and rehabilitation of the existing railroad, and a new terminal at Nacala-A-Velha, a distance of 912 kilometers, at a cost of US$7 billion (with the logistics investments valued at approximately US$ 3.7 billion). In addition, a further US$ 600 million has been spent on upgrading branch-lines in both Malawi and Mozambique to the main-line. The governments of Malawi and Mozambique have also committed investment, with support from the EU, AfDB, JICA, and Korea EXIM to rehabilitate over 1,000 kilometers of road at a cost of approximately US$758 million. This includes two One-Stop-Border-Post (OSBP) at Mwami-Mchinji border between Malawi and Zambia and Chiponde-Mandimba border between Malawi and Mozambique. Finally, JICA have provided US$ 273.6 million for the Nacala Port Development Project, which started in July 2018 and is expected to be completed in June 2021, a follow up to an earlier investment of US$ 300 million. 22 The World Bank support primarily includes restructuring of existing projects (US$60 million), activation of the IRM/CERC7 (US$55 million) of on-going projects and additional support through the CRW (US$140 million). In February, 2020, the World Bank-financed projectsad restored or built 700 kilometers of paved roads, 1,900 kilometers of rural roads, 46 bridges, and 40 kilometers of dikes to protect roads from flooding through a US$110 million additional financing.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) provides clarification on the land use rights, including protection, eligibility for occupation and safeguards for loss and violations through compensation or the right to claim to the legal authorities for the benefit of the public interest. The National Land Policy (Council of Ministers, Resolution No. 10/1995), aimed to safeguard the rights of the Mozambican citizens over land and natural resources, while promoting new investment and sustainable and equitable use of resources. It establishes that the State must provide land for each household to have or build their own home and that it is responsible for land use and physical planning, although plans may be done by the private sector. Its value increases when public services and infrastructure are provided. The policy recognizes aspects of vulnerability giving rights to women for land use and access. Urban expansion and consequent occupation of land previously used for other purposes must consider people who lived on the land and their investments, unless they were in conflict with the previously existing land use plan. The Land Law (Law No. 19/1997) allows all Mozambican citizens, collective persons (associations and companies) and local communities, the right to use and benefit from the land (article 10). This right can be exercised individually or collectively. This legal diploma recognizes the legitimacy of occupation without opposition in rural areas because, in this case, according to article 12, the right to use and benefit from the land is established through the occupation without opposition regime. This policy also covers diverse situations of land acquisition, such as customary occupancy in good faith, acquisition through official channels, rules for protection zones, cadastre services, and the rights and duties for title holders. Thus, the law recognizes and protects the right to use land acquired by inheritance or occupation, except in legally designated reserves, or in areas that have been legally transferred to another person or body. All citizens have equal rights and duties under the law and women have equal rights to men in terms of access to land and housing. National and foreign citizens, individual and collective persons, can apply for the right to use and benefit from the land for the purpose of working it. The law also stipulates that local communities participate in the management of natural resources, in the resolution of conflicts, in the process of awarding titles, as well as in the identification and definition of the limits of the land they occupy. Existing land use and benefit rights can be terminated through revocation of the right for reasons of public interest following payment of fair compensation and, where there are fixed improvements, they revert to the State. Although the Land Law gives various levels of government the responsibility of allocating rights, revoking the right to use and benefit from land for reasons of public interest involves an expropriation declaration by the Council of Ministers (Ministerial Diploma No. 181/2010). The law does not mention the possibility of appealing against the revocation of rights. In the case of the construction of key public infrastructure, the Land Law states that a Partial Protection Zone (PPZ) is created automatically. Rights to use and benefit from the land within the PPZ cannot be acquired, and only specific activities can be undertaken through a Special License issued by the Provincial Governor. For most types of infrastructures, the law does not specify the size of the PPZ in relation to the capacity/size of the infrastructure, for example conductor of water of power lines. As per the Land Law, PPZ include: Land strips up to 50 meters along the edges of navigable rivers and lakes, measured from the high- water mark of such waters; The land strip of up to 100 meters surrounding water sources; The strip of maritime coastline including that around islands, bays and estuaries, measured from the high water-mark to a point 100 meters inland; The strip of up to 250 meters along the edge of dams and reservoirs and;
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Two kilometers strip of land along the terrestrial border; The land occupied by public interest railway lines and bordering strips including the respective railway stations; The land occupied by motor ways and highways, aerial, surface, underground and underwater installations and conduits for electricity, telecommunications, petroleum, gas and water including bordering strips of 50 meters on each side; Land occupied by roads including bordering strips of 50 meters (m) for highway and roads of four lanes, 30 meters for primary roads and 15 meters on each side for secondary and tertiary roads. The Regulation on the Use of Road Area and its Partial Protection Zone (Decree No. 109/2014 of 31 December) clarifies activities allowed and restrictions on the use of the road area and its PPZ. It provides authority for ANE to approve activities to be developed within these areas. The Land Law Regulations (Decree No. 66/1998 of 8 December) regulate the processes for obtaining rights to use the land. They apply to rural areas and within municipalities, but outside cadaster areas. The regulations also apply to unplanned peri-urban areas. They are rarely applied in urban areas. Relevant aspects of the regulations include:
Where there is a co-ownership, the title belongs to all holders equally. When one of the holders dies, the others remain legitimate holders; Consultation between land applicants and the local community is mandatory before the decision to grant is made by the provincial Governor or the higher authority; Land occupants in good faith and local communities may apply for the delineation of and title to the property. The application process is simplified and a final authorization is given instead of a provisional authorization; and Title holders must pay an authorization fee for the right to use the land, plus an annual tax. Family businesses and local communities are exempt from such taxes. The Land Law Regulations recommend compensation for losses incurred as a result of relocation. Article 17 is one of the main bases of the legal context, particularly with regard to transit corridors established in the public interest. This indicates that when, due to the need to use part of a land subject to the right to use and benefit from the land, either for the installation of overhead, surface or underground electricity or other conductors, and that right is restricted, the public or private entity must compensate the right holder, with an amount that represents the actual loss due to the non-use of the affected part, establishing the respective wayleave. Expropriation in the public interest and forms of compensation in Mozambique are guided by legislation on land as well as Ministerial Diploma No. 181/2010 on procedures for implementing the expropriation process. Decree Law No. 15/2000 describes the articulation between local State authorities and community leadership, mostly in rural areas through local councils, and legitimizes community leaders - traditional leaders and secretaries in the area. It allocates powers under Art. 24 of the Land Law to participate in conflict resolution, to represent the opinions of communities in land applications and to identify and delineate community lands. The Urban Land Regulations (Decree No. 77/2006) regulate urban structure plans, general and partial urbanization plans and detailed plans, replacing legislation on rural land in registered and planned urban areas. The various types of urban plan are organized hierarchically and once approved by the local authority / municipality, ratified by the Minister of State Administration and Civil Service and published in the Government gazette, they regulate the management and use of land.
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The urbanization plan focuses on urban uses and functions and defines service needs, paying special attention in areas of spontaneous occupation. Urban planning is a participatory and consultative process. Socio-spatial information obtained from consultations with interested and affected parties and government and in the area to be planned, is used in decision-making. The Municipal Framework Law No. 2/1997 holds municipalities responsible for urbanization, housing and licensing construction, according to their capacity and together with other State bodies. Municipalities are also given competence to exercise the powers assigned to them by the Land Law Regulations. The Municipal Finance Law No. 11/1997 empowers municipalities to prepare and approve general and partial land use plans, urban development programs and land development schemes in collaboration with relevant central government agencies. Compliance with these plans is subject to ratification by the government. Municipalities can also collect taxes on urban land and buildings, including unused land that has been provisionally allocated. Article 56 establishes that appropriate regulations will be drawn up to assess the value of urban real estate. Decree No. 51/2014 creates the National Commission on Human Settlements (Comissão Nacional de Assentamentos Humanos - CNAH). CNAH is a multisector advisory and coordination body for the implementation of government policies and programs related to the planning, development and management of human settlements. The commission will have a Technical Council made up of various stakeholders whose purpose is to oversee the coordination of policies and programs related to the planning, development and management of human settlements, as well as their implementation. The Spatial Planning Law No. 19/2007 provides instruments for spatial and land use planning, to promote quality of life in rural and urban spaces, optimize housing, infrastructure and urban service systems, public safety, and reduce vulnerability to natural disasters and accidents. It makes land use planning mandatory in rural areas and identifies the mechanisms for the legalization of the various territorial plans. The law clarifies channels of appeal for citizens with justified claims against the use of territorial planning instruments, the right of all citizens to information, including details of the planning cadastre and processes, as well as their rights to participate in the production and implementation of the plans. The Territorial Planning Law Regulations (Decree No. 23/2008) specify that compensation must be paid before the transfer of property by expropriation. The process must ensure that the real value of the expropriated property is applied and that it takes into account the indirect damage and loss of profits caused. The information provided to affected parties must include a copy of the proponent's legal claim to the land area, the proposed basis for calculating the compensation, the payment terms and the deadline for payment, when the property will be taken over by the proponent and lastly, the period during which claims by affected parties against the proposed compensation can be filed. The Directive on the Expropriation Process for Spatial Planning Purposes (Ministerial Diploma No. 181/2010, of 3 November) establishes specific rules for the approval and implementation of spatial planning instruments, defining competences, objectives, mechanisms, expropriation process, rules for calculating compensation, among other aspects, to be observed in this specific situation. It is triggered by the acquisition of places of public interest for the installation of social or economic infrastructure of greater social benefit. The diploma clarifies that the Council of Ministers declares an area for expropriation based on public interest and for spatial planning purposes and the declaration must be published in the Government Gazette. The basic guidelines on compensation for permanent and annual crops provided and updated by some Provincial Directorates of Agriculture and Food Security are based on the forms contained in the Expropriation Guidelines. Factors for valuing fixed assets include the type, location, age, value on the date of construction and current date, considering the relevant depreciation. The properties foreseen are for housing, commerce, industry or services, beach or countryside. Compensation will also take into account intangible values (means of communication and accessibility to means of transport) and
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) breakdown in social cohesion (increasing the distance of the new resettlement place from social structures and the usual family nucleus, family cemeteries, medicinal plants). Ministerial Diploma 181/2010 defines the amount and terms of payment of compensation. Compensation Plans must be prepared and implemented according to this directive - until there is more specific legislation for situations that do not necessarily require an expropriation process. According to the Regulation on the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree No. 31/2012 of 8 August) the proponent of the activity is responsible for developing and implementing the resettlement plan, as well as supporting the costs of the process. Approval of Resettlement Plans is the responsibility of the District Government and will be preceded by the issue of a favorable technical opinion from the sector responsible for spatial planning, after consulting the sectors of agriculture, local administration and public works and housing. The decree also establishes the Rights of the Affected Population - understood as those who have lost their assets (such as houses, livelihoods and other type of infrastructure) to have their income level restored to a level, equal to or higher than the previous one; see their standard of living restored to the same or higher than the previous one; be transported with their goods to the new place of residence; live in a physical space with infrastructure, social facilities; have space to practice their subsistence activities; and to be able to give an opinion on the entire resettlement process. According to Decree No. 31/2012, the approval of the resettlement plan precedes the issue of the environmental license. As stated in Art. 15, "the preparation and approval of the resettlement plan precedes the issuance of the Environmental License under the terms of environmental legislation". The Internal Regulations on the Operation of the Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Technical Commission (Ministerial Diploma No. 155/2014, of 19 September) establishes that the Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Technical Commission (Comissão Técnica de Acompanhamento e Supervisão de Reassentamento - CTASR) guarantees the follow-up and monitoring of the preparation and implementation of population resettlement processes, by creating Provincial and District Resettlement Commissions. The objective of the Technical Guidelines on Drafting Resettlement Plans (Ministerial Diploma No. 156/2014 of 19 September) aims to operationalize the process of resettlement arising from economic activities under Article 3 (c) of Decree 31/2012, of 8 August, approving the Regulations on the Resettlement Process Arising from Economic Activities. During the preparation of resettlement plans, CTASR monitors the entire process through its District and Provincial Commissions, and must also comment on the choice of location for resettlement, compensation, public consultations and implementation of all resettlement project. The technical guidelines establish the procedures and steps to be followed when preparing the resettlement plan. The stages in the preparation of the resettlement plan includes (i) Physical and Socioeconomic Survey Report (RLFSE); (ii) Resettlement Plan; and (iii) The Resettlement Implementation Plan. Assessment of alternative reception Public Participation and Consultation: A robust public consultation process during the resettlement process is required by Decree 31/2012 and elaborated more broadly in Ministerial Diploma 156/2014. The public consultation system should create conditions for resettled communities and host communities to participate actively during all phases of the resettlement decision-making process and have access to all information about the content of the studies and the resettlement process. Participation includes consultations and public meetings and is intended to provide interested parties with opportunities to request clarification and make suggestions and recommendations. Decree 31/2012 requires at least four public consultation meetings associated with the resettlement process, which should take place at the following times:
First public consultation meeting - at the beginning of the process, to inform interested parties about the objectives, relevance and impacts of the process;
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Second public consultation meeting - to present and discuss alternative reception sites; Third public consultation meeting - after completion of the Resettlement Plan, including the budget and the implementation schedule; and Fourth public consultation meeting - when the Resettlement Plan is concluded and implemented. Cases of property loss that only involve economic displacement, can be managed through expropriation exercises if they are projects of public interest and/or the compensation principles explicit in the Constitution of the Republic and in the legislation on expropriation and resettlement. Decree 54/2015 of 31 December - Regulations on the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Process establishes that one of the fundamental instruments for environmental management is the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process, which aims to mitigate the negative impacts that certain public and private sector projects may cause to the natural and socio-economic environment, by carrying out environmental and social studies before the project starts. The regulations establish four categories of environmental assessment requirements:
Category A +: Projects and activities that, given their complexity, location and / or irreversibility and magnitude of possible impacts, warrant a high level of social and environmental surveillance with the involvement of ESIA specialists. These activities are subject to a Complete Environmental and Social Impact Study under the supervision of independent expert reviewers with proven experience; Category A: Projects and activities that significantly affect living beings and environmentally sensitive areas, with impacts of longer duration, intensity, magnitude and significance, subject to a Complete Environmental and Social Impact Study (ESIS) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP); Category B: Projects and activities that do not significantly affect living beings or environmentally sensitive areas are subject to a Simplified Environmental and Social Study (SESS) and ESMP; Category C: Projects and activities that have negligible, insignificant or minimal negative impacts are subject to the presentation of Good Environmental Management Practices and Procedures for their implementation. It should be added that, in addition to that already covered in the Land Law Regulations, Decree 66/1998, establishes that fair compensation must be paid for the loss of land use and benefit rights. Projects with physical displacement impacts, regardless of other impacts, are classified as A or A+ depending on coverage by resettlement legislation and are subject to other legislation on involuntary resettlement. Economic displacement does not affect whether projects are classified as A or A + as they have different legal treatment to the resettlement of shelter. Decree 54/2015 establishes that the resettlement process is part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process. Paragraph p) of Article 11 states that the ESIA report must contain a “Physical and Socioeconomic Survey Report (Relatório do Levantamento Físico e Socioeconómico - RLFSE), as a separate annex, when necessary, to be submitted to the Organic Unit that oversees resettlement, and it must be prepared in accordance with the Technical Guidelines on Drafting and Implementing Resettlement Plans.” The environmental license for the installation of the activity is obtained after approval of the RLFSE and the Resettlement Plan, and the environmental license for operation after the audit of the implementation of resettlement. The Family Law 10/2004 stipulates that both partners can legitimately transact property while safeguarding the rights of the other. Fixed assets, whether owned by the wife individually or as common property, may only be transferred to others with the express authorization of both partners:
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP)
Common property, including houses, is the most common type and is associated with the first marriage. In this case, all properties brought to the marriage by the two partners, and the house and other items acquired during the marriage, including rights to use and benefit from the land, belong to the husband and wife in equal parts; Common property accumulated under previous rights specifically includes properties acquired through land occupation in good faith that started before the marriage, although compensation for losses can be paid as common property (art. 1717, n ° 2). However, in this case a partner does not gain a share in half the land or other property acquired through occupation in good faith. The law defines this type of property as normal for de facto unions or traditional marriages, or even when nothing is specified. This is important as a woman can retain ownership of her premarital possessions, as well as automatically own half of the marital property; Finally, under the separate property model, each party retains ownership of their own current and future assets and can dispose of them as they see fit. The objective of the Law on the Protection of National heritage 10/1988 is to protect all cultural, historical and national antiquities. This type of protected area should be avoided when selecting sites for projects.
The Resolution 25/2019 (of 31 December) transforms ANE into a Public Institute (IP) and approves its roles and responsibilities. As per the Article 34 the projects developed by ANE are declared as of public interest. This means ANE deals with installation, rehabilitation or upgrade of social infrastructure of greater socio- economic benefit. Thus, ANE activities trigger the Directive on the Expropriation Process for Spatial Planning Purposes (Ministerial Diploma No. 181/2010, of 3 November) and not the Regulation on the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree No. 31/2012 of 8 August).
4.3 Partial Protection Zone As presented in the Mozambican legal context described above, the construction of roads implies an automatic automatic establishment of a Partial Protection Zone (PPZ) of 50 meters (m) for highway and roads of four lanes, 30 m for primary roads and 15 m for secondary and tertiary roads, on each side of the centre (axis) of the road (current project deals mainly with, tertiary roads and includes one secondary and one vicinal road - thus the road subprojects have 15 m of PPZ). A Partial Protection Zone is also established for two kilometers (km) strip of land along the terrestrial border (Land Law - Law 19/1997, Art. 8g). Partial Protection Zone (PPZ) is a public domain area around key infrastructure or which contain key natural resource described in the Article 8 of Land Law (Law 19/97). Whenever there is a restriction on the right to use the land for the establishment of a PPZ, the public or private entity that restricts the right must compensate the holder of the right (formal or customary), with an amount that represents the actual loss stemming from not using the affected part (Land Law Regulations - Decree 66/1998, Art. 17). Land use and benefit rights (DUATs) cannot be acquired within an established PPZ - only specific activities can be undertaken with a Special Use License. ANE is the authority to approve activities to be developed within road PPZ as per the Regulation on the Use of Road Area and its Partial Protection Zone (Decree No. 109/2014 of 31 December). The non-infrastructure subcomponents do not activate PPZ because they are not associated to the key infrastructure or key natural resource. As previously discussed, they do not demand land acquisition. The construction, rehabilitation, or expansion of buildings within border posts does not trigger PPZ as well, although it will be developed within the limit PPZ along of terrestrial border line. It means no creation/change of the PPZ is expected for subprojects to be developed in the border posts.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP)
The PPZ of all roads included in the project were established when the roads were created23. The expansion (enlargement) of roads does not change its respective PPZ since the road PPZ is measured form the centre line of the road. SATCP improvements consists in rehabilitation and upgrade of existing infrastructures (roads and border posts). The land within the PPZ of those infrastructures were already encroached by community uses. The Project assessed risk of clear the whole PPZ. The analysis revealed that it is not social and economic feasible to resettle all population leaving and developing activities within the limits of the PPZ. Thus, the Project provides for the establishment of Corridor of Impact24 (CoI) of resettlement, considering the area technically required by the Project combined to safety requirements. The roads to be rehabilitated have 15 m of PPZ (meaning a total of 30 m considering both sides of the road). The adoption of the CoI allows reduction of the area to be resettled to 7 m (total of 14 m at both sides of the road) as shown in the figure bellow. The road Iapala - Namiconha exceptionally considers a CoI of 6 m (total of 12m for both sides).
Figure 4 - Corridor of impact adopted to minimize displacement at the PPZ
4.4 Voluntary Land Donation
23 All Project roads will be rehabilitated and extended in the same alignment. 24 For planning and resettlement purposes along linear infrastructure, the resettlement Corridor of Impact corresponds to the area to be kept free of occupation or obstacles in order to guarantee the security of the infrastructure and the surrounding community during the project’s construction works and operation. In other words, the definition of the corridor considers the strip of land that will be used by the contractor during the safe rehabilitation of the roads, and the surrounding area that must be kept permanently free of obstruction during the Project’s operation in order to prevent accidents, what underlines census limits/area to be resettled by the project. This principle is not applicable for the border post rehabilitation and upgrade (non-linear infrastructures).
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Land for the Project can also be acquired through a Voluntary Land Donation (VLD)/contribution: process whereby an individual or collective (corporate or communal) owner agrees to contribute with its land or property for project-related activities. It must occur freely, without coercion or duress, from people with full knowledge of other available options and their consequences. Individuals, families, companies, or communities that voluntarily donate land are usually direct beneficiaries of the project (ex. may benefit from road to the community; or the buildings after demobilization construction site-camp; or landscaping/earthmoving after borrow pit rehabilitation; etc). To be effective, those donating their land or assets to the project must sign the Voluntary Land Donation Form available in Annex VII. When land is obtained in this way, impacts on individual families, companies or communities must be limited to up to 10% of productive assets and the remaining resources must be economically viable to guarantee subsistence and shelter. The donation must not affect the food security of the donor household, company or community and, if the remaining assets remain unviable, adequate assistance and support will be provided.
4.5 World Bank’s Safeguard Policies World Bank Policy on resettlement is outlined in Operational Policy (OP 4.12), and the overall objective of this safeguard is to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Further the policy encourages community participation in planning and implementing resettlement. More specifically, where resettlement is unavoidable, the policy stipulates criteria for eligibility to compensation, resettlement assistance and rehabilitation assistance measures to displaced persons. In addition, the World Bank policy on resettlement stipulate those displaced persons who encroach on the project area after the cut-off date shall not be entitled to compensation, or any resettlement assistance or any other form of rehabilitation assistance.
4.6 Comparison between Mozambique legislation and the World Bank OP 4.12. The legal framework relating to land administration in Mozambique is wide reaching and complex. Entitlements for payment of compensation are essentially based on the loss of right to use of and benefit from the land which is the property of the State as defined under statutory law. The World Bank’s OP 4.12 states that all project affected people are entitled to some form of compensation whether or not they have legal title if they occupy the land up to a cut-off date. Recognition of this status is also provided by Mozambican legislation to communities and national individuals occupying and using land for over 10 years, however it does not cover encroachment onto rights of way, legally reserved or licensed areas. The Bank Policy aims first and foremost to avoid or mitigate displacement impacts of a project. Although avoidance is not so clearly emphasized in Policy, mitigating social impacts is safeguarded by Mozambique’s environmental, spatial planning, land and urban land legislation and the growing body of related regulations and directives on consultation and participation of people affected by investor’s development activities. For this Project Mozambican legislation will guide rights of tenure but in cases where project affected people have no rights of tenure according to Mozambique law, the provisions of the Bank OP 4.12 will apply in terms of their rights for compensation, consultation, and grievance mechanisms where they have been
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) affected by this Project. Where there is conflict between laws of Mozambique and the World Bank OP 4.12, the latter must take precedence if the Bank is to fund this project. Sustainability requirements of OP 4.12 mean that local residents who are made to stop or reduce their livelihoods activities must be ensured of alternative sources of food or livelihoods. If they are not readily accessible, these conditions must be provided via the resettlement project. The Mozambican legal frameworks for Land, Planning and the Environment support this approach to sustainable human development and environmental management. In cases where infrastructure development projects may involve involuntary resettlement, even when the exact scale of impacts and numbers of project affected people are not known, the Project implementing agency must screen sub-projects through the submission of a Resettlement Policy Framework prior to appraisal that conforms to OP 4.12. The framework estimates, to the extent feasible, the total population to be affected and overall resettlement costs. The tenor of Mozambican decentralization and deconcentration policies advocating greater involvement of citizens and local level government is one that proposes commitment to more transparent governance, participatory planning processes and consultation with communities as clients. Mozambique’s new Directive on implementing the resettlement regulation also supports the decentralized and participatory approach, defining binding public consultation requirements and outputs. This basis of operations is endorsed completely by OP 4.12 which emphasizes the need for consultation and joint planning in the resettlement process, as a fundamental means of encouraging trust and sustainable outcomes. Mozambican legislation and guidelines on resettlement implementation are demanding and will be a challenge to implement. Meeting Mozambican requirements as well as the principles and procedures stipulated in the Bank’s OP 4.12 will be costlier than previously as standards have been placed at a high level. The level of studies and planning required to comply with requirements is time and resource consuming and its continued preparation after the ESIA has been approved, means that the environmental license for a project is delayed until the resettlement planning is completed and approved. Although not specific in any policy, longer planning periods and higher preparation costs are two strong reasons for projects to be designed to avoid displacement impacts wherever possible. Where Mozambican legal guidance does not meet OP 4.12 requirements, the latter will prevail and supplement any gaps.
Table 15 - Comparison of Mozambican Legislation and World Bank OP4.12 Resettlement Mozambican Law World Bank OP 4.12 Mitigation Measures Issue Entitled to compensation at a fair rate for Land-for-land Recommends land-for-land Land Use and improvements on the land. compensation will be compensation. Other Benefit Title This is based upon the prioritized. Other compensation is at Owners type of rights they compensation is at replacement cost. hold related to the use of replacement cost. the land under the law.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP)
Resettlement Mozambican Law World Bank OP 4.12 Mitigation Measures Issue In some cases, land users Entitled to some form of have secured tenure compensation whatever the extended to them under Whatever the legal legal recognition of their the law based on period of recognition of their occupancy. Entitled to occupation. occupancy land users compensation Land In other cases, land will be entitled to for improvements, crops, Users users are not entitled to compensation so that may be entitled to compensation for land they may maintain or replacement land, and occupation or use, or to raise their levels of income must be restored to compensation for crops well-being / income. pre-project levels at least. and any other economic
assets. Entitlement to in-kind Cash compensation based Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash on market value or compensation or cash compensation will be Owners of ‘non- entitled to new housing on compensation at full at full replacement permanent’ authorized land under replacement cost cost including labor buildings government (state or including labor and and relocation local) housing relocation expenses, prior to expenses, prior to programmes. project impact. project impact. Entitlement to in-kind Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash compensation or cash compensation will be Owners of ‘perma compensation at full Cash compensation is at full replacement nent’ replacement cost based on market value. cost including labor buildings including labor and and relocation relocation expenses, prior to expenses, prior to project impact. project impact. General convergence between the two policies. But, to ensure Compensation at the that the replacement Cash compensation for the replacement value for the Crops with an value has priority, loss of standing crops in loss of crops including all annual cycle or Mozambican law will the field at the time of the administrative costs and less be considered as a inventory. provision for inflation, minimum condition should payments be delayed. against which the Bank’s policy will be applied. Cash compensation based upon rates calculated as Long cycle Compensation at the an average net agricultural perennial crops replacement value for As above. income that takes into (fruit trees) perennial trees. account location and productive factors.
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Resettlement Mozambican Law World Bank OP 4.12 Mitigation Measures Issue Required under the OP 4.12. Project will establish Integral part of resettlement an effective and Grievance Redress Not explicitly described in process. Must be functional GRM, that Mechanism Mozambican legislation. disseminated within the will be disseminated affected communities and within the community PAPs and PAPs. Required by OP 4.12, before Will follow the OP Not required under the census survey or project 4.12. Declare and Cut-off Date Mozambican Resettlement area delineation, subject to disseminate the Cut- Legislation dissemination in project off date before census area. survey. Community Required by the Required under the OP 4.12. engagement, public Mozambican legislation Communities must be Public participation process under the Decree involved in project design, Consultations will be followed from 130/2006 Public preparation and the commencement of Participation Process implementation. the project.
For all projects involving resettlement, a draft ARAP/PC must be provided to the World Bank for approval before the project is accepted for World Bank financing.
5 Institutional Framework for Implementation Arrangements 5.1 Project Coordination
The project will be monitored at three levels namely regional, national, and subnational (provincial level).
At the regional level, both Malawi and Mozambique are members of Nacala Development Corridor Tripartite Committee (NDCTC), which also includes Zambia. The NDCTC provides an appropriate place for addressing any inter-governmental issues that needs to be resolved and various agreements are also in place that govern its functioning. The SADC Transport (PTCM) and Trade Protocols provided the legal basis for formation of the NDCTC.25
To manage the coordination and address any issues that arise because of the regional nature of the project, a three-level structure has been put in place and is operational see the figure below:
25 The NDC Agreement entered into force 30 days after the last Corridor State had notified the depository of compliance with internal legal procedures and forwarded it to the SADC Secretariat.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP)
Committee of Ministers
Cargo Owners Advisory Council Steering Committee SME Producers Council Secretariat
Joint Technical Committee Sub-Committees: Transport and Trade Infrastructure Development and Management Customs and Transit facilitation Immigration and Security Legal Matters
National Trade National Trade National Trade Facilitation Committee Facilitation Committee Facilitation Committee of Malawi of Mozambique of Zambia
Figure 5: Institutional arrangement at regional level At the national level, National Technical Committees have been established. In Mozambique, it is the Corridors Working Group (CWG)26 whose members includes Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF); Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC); Ministry of Sea, Interior Waters and Fishery (MIMAIP); Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADER); Ministry of Internal Affairs (MINT); Ministry of Health (MISAU) and key private sector associations i.e. the Association of Private Sector (CTA) and the Mozambique Chamber of Commerce (CCM). CWG is an interagency working group that will provide oversight on implementation of the project. The CWG was established under the National Trade Facilitation Committee (NTFC) which is chaired by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Commerce (MIC) and the Tax Authority (AT).
Both technical committees are established under the respective National Trade Facilitation Committees, in Malawi and Mozambique. Both the CWG and the CTDMC are responsible for all corridors in the country including the Maputo Corridor27 and the Beira Corridor28. The technical committee functions would also need to be supplemented by the need to coordinate the activities of numerous development partners involved in the corridors.
5.2 Project Implementation Arrangement
In Mozambique, at national level, the project will be implemented by the Ministry of Transport and Communication (MTC) and the Roads Authority or Administração Nacional de Estradas- Instituto Público (ANE, IP). Both ANE and the MTC are members of the CWG. ANE will be responsible for the implementation of the infrastructure (roads and border posts) with coordination of Immigration, Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique (AT), Health, Agriculture and Finance and Economy ministries. The project implementation
26 Other public institutions are also members through their reporting relationships to the parent ministries. These are Institute of Normalisation and Quality (INNOQ), under MIC; Institute of Supervision of Fishery (INIP), under MIMAIP; Agency to promote Investment and Exports (APIEX), under MIC 27 The private sector led Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative (MCLI) recently closed. Instead, Government Ministries decided to design a corridor management institution for Mozambique, South Africa and Eswatini that would be government led with private sector participation. A legal framework is now being drafted for a new Maputo Development Corridor Committee. 28 Currently, a corridor management institution does not exist for the Beira Corridor, though one is proposed.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) unit (PIU) at the Ministries of Transport will be responsible for implementing the non-infrastructure components of the project. The PIUs will be responsible for project coordination and implementation, with full fiduciary responsibility for all activities of the project. The PIUs will include at least a project manager, a social and environmental specialist, a procurement specialist, a financial management specialist, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) specialist, as well as appropriate technical specialists, including a fund manager (for Component 3) and support staff.
Component 1 and 4 (construction works) Component 1, 2 and 5
Component 3
Targeted institution at border post interventions Figure 6: Coordination process under the project level
The picture above represents the institution that are members of the CWG, who will be responsible for the overall implementation process of SATCP. ANE and MTC will report to the CWG as a PIU defined for the project. For component 1 and 3, MTC will work in liaison with the institutions represented at the border post (soft work) and at Gabinete do Vale do Zambeze (GVZ) for the implementation of component 3. ANE will work with the institution represented at the border post during the construction of the border post infra-structure. In each of the institution represented in the figure 2, there will be identified a focal point that will be in liaison with the environmental and social specialist hired by PIU to implement the general (ESMF and RPF) and the specific subproject instruments.
5.3 Institutional arrangement for ESMF and RPF implementation As stated in the project appraisal document, the project will be implemented at national level by ANE and MTC. Both institutions are represented in all project areas. DINAB, DINOTER and the DPTA will also be responsible to monitor and audit the implementation of the safeguard instruments at subproject level. The Proponent will interact with various other institutions in the different phases of the Project cycle, as shown in the following table.
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Table 16 - Role and Responsibility of Stakeholders involved in ESMF and RPF implementation during the different phases of the project cycle. Stage in Sub-Project Responsible Entity Roles and responsibilities Cycle Sub-project ANE and MTC Conduct sub-project World Bank screening. Identification Overall coordination implementation of the project (ESMF and RPF). DPTA Deciding on the project category and legal instruments (ESIA, ESMP, ARAP/PC, etc.). World Bank Review and confirm sub-project eligibility and category; Sub-project Contractor and contracted Prepare safeguards instruments (CESMP, Preparation consultant ARAP/PC). (Feasibility Study and Design) Supervision Consultant (Engineer) Review the safeguards instruments.
Affected persons, District/Municipal Participation in the: Administration and local Census and inventory of assets; structures and leaders Public consultation; Design and implementation of the Grievance Redress Mechanism. Review and approval ANE HdQ and Delegate, Migration, AT, Agriculture, Review and approve safeguards instruments. Health DINAB/DPTA World Bank Approval of ARAP/PC, EIA and ESMP Environmental Authority and District Government Project PROSIR and Contractor Responsible for implementing ARAP/PC, ESMP Implementation and PAP grievance redress Supervision Consultant Monitor and report on implementation of (Engineer) safeguards instruments.
District administration; Monitor the implementation of safeguards ANE, IP Provincial instruments. Manage Grievance Redress Delegation, Immigration, Mechanism (GRM) to resolve community AT, Agriculture, health and complaints MTC; ANE, IP HdQ; and DPTA/Resettlement Committee
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Stage in Sub-Project Responsible Entity Roles and responsibilities Cycle Completion/turnover ANE HdQ, ANE Provincial ARAP/PC Evaluation Delegation, Immigration, AT, Agriculture, Health and MTC RAP/PC implementation Conduct livelihood restoration as applicable. Consultant/PROSIR
DPTA (Resettlement committee) Contractor Operation/ Contractor Project operation, maintenance and maintenance ANE, IP Provincial implementation of the ESMP. Delegation, AT, Agriculture, PAP grievance redress Health and MTC
5.4 Organizational structure for project management and resettlement
ANE in the last years has been implementing World Bank funded project for road rehabilitation, which provided ANE Environmental and Social supervision capacity. The current ANE capacity is comprised by seven (7) environmental experts and three (3) social experts at HdQ. This project will impose additional workload to the ANE, MCT and Agência do Vale do Zambeze team at national and provincial level. As well as to the DINAB and DPTADER team. Therefore, it will require that the current safeguard team supporting ANE PIU be reinforced with two new staff (one on social area and the second in environmental area) at HdQ, whereas MTC PIU be reinforced with two experts (one environmental and one social experts). For the subprojects under component 3 (that includes agriculture, irrigation and agroindustry) one expert with both environmental and social skills will be hired). No additional staff is suggested for agencies monitoring ARAP/PC (MTA/DPTA and SDPI, etc) whoever they shall be included on the trainings to be provided by ANE HdQ staff to the provincial staff.
A section of cross cutting issues (Repartição de Assuntos Transversais - RAT) was created within ANE’s Central Project and Construction Services. The environmental and social safeguards are dealt with in this section. At local level ANE is represented by provincial delegations. ANE Provincial Delegation responsibilities and roles are: planning, implementing provincial maintenance programs, rehabilitation, construction of roads at the local level taking into account the recommendations of the provincial road commission and the availability of financial and material resources.
Within the Technical Department there is social and environmental focal points that work in collaboration with Environmental and Social Staff from HdQ. In Nampula and Zambezia under the Integrated Feeder Roads Development Project (P158231), additional E&S staff will be hired to strength the capacity of Delegation which will also benefit the SATCP E&S implementation.
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Due to the complexity of STCP Project, as it involves several sectors, for the success of the project ANE has to coordinate, assist and monitor the contractor of the construction works in liaison with the sectors responsible for the operation of the border post facilities in Tete, Maputo, and Zambezia. ANE at HdQ and provincial level (Environmental and Social focal point) is well staffed to oversee the environmental and social safeguard to carry out its mandate on road construction. For ANE to extend its portfolio to cover the SATCP demands, an institutional arrangement shall be established by ANE where the various services at the Border Post operation (AT, Immigration, Agriculture, Border police, Ministry of Health, etc.) be take part with active role. The team to be established shall be dedicated to the implementation of the safeguard’s instruments in the subproject design and implementation, including on the overall monitoring of the RPF and ESMF as well as the specific subproject safeguards instruments (e.g. ESMP, ARAP/PC, CESMP), to guarantee that the mitigation measures and requirements are always taken into consideration. Therefore, within the border post construction activities, for the ESMF and RPF implementation the following institutional arrangement is proposed:
Figure 7 - Organization Chart showing MTC and other entities involved in the implementation and management arrangements of the Border Post level (Including E&S Arrangement)
Within ANE, MTA, MADER and MISAU there is environmental and social safeguard unities at central level, while the other institutions (AT and Immigration) need support (by ANE and MTC) in this subject matter. Both needs capacity building at local level to monitor the works at the border posts. Environmental and Social (E&S) Focal Point shall be nominated at local level (respectively at AT, Health/MISAU, Agriculture/MADER and Immigration) and trained to oversee E&S (including resettlement) issues in border posts.
ANE Delegation in liaison with other institutions (AT, Immigration, Health and Agriculture) at local level shall be responsible for the day to day monitoring processes of the contractor and PROSIR with the strong participation of the district official at SDPI.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) 6 Principles, Objectives and Methodologies of the RPF 6.1 Principles and objectives Some activities proposed by SATCP have the potential to physical and economic with the consequent impact of land acquisition, land use change or restriction on access to land-based resources (assets and/ or livelihoods) by the community, which will result in the need for compensation and/or resettlement. In the present planning phase of the SATCP, details of the components with potential land acquisition are not known (eg, the specific subprojects to the grant beneficiary are not known, there is no detailed design of the works at the borders, etc.) one cannot assess the 'footprint' of subprojects and the impacts of land acquisition at this stage. For this reason, this RPF is prepared. The RPF guiding principles are: Avoiding displacement of people as much as possible; Minimizing the number of impacts and PAPs, to the extent possible during the project design; In the event that displacement is inevitable, having a well-designed compensation and relocation process in place; Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, their previous living standards, their income-generation capacity and their production levels; Improve the living conditions of vulnerable persons; Always avoid the permanent or temporary removal of people from their homes and / or the land they occupy, against their wishes and without access to and use of forms of legal protection. Conceive and carry out resettlement activities as sustainable development programs; PAP should be consulted and given opportunities to participate in the planning and implementation of resettlement programs. After being approved by ANE (and with no objection by the WB), the ARAP/PC will be submitted to the Mozambican Government for approval before proceeding to any acquisition of land, compensation or resettlement, or before there is any other impact on livelihoods. The project must ensure that:
Compensation levels will be sufficient to replace goods at full replacement cost in local markets (using current market prices and labor costs). Resettlement programs will include appropriate institutional arrangements to ensure the effective design, planning and implementation of compensation and livelihood restoration measures. Adequate arrangements will be made for timely monitoring, internal and external, of the implementation of compensation measures. Grievances are handled in a timely manner; PAPs are not left worst off; Specific assistance is provided to vulnerable people;
A gender inclusive consultation process takes place. Losses may be total or partial. World Bank policy emphasizes that the absence of legal title to use and benefit of the land does not limit rights to compensation. Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced people whose livelihoods are land-based. If sufficient alternative land is not available, non-land-based options built around opportunities for employment or self-employment
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) should be provided in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. The lack of adequate land must be demonstrated and documented. 6.2 Methodology for the preparation of the RPF Preparation of the RPF included:
Desk study of the project details. The consultant's experience in similar projects proved crucial for assessing impacts and designing minimization strategies, as there is limited information on the project at the moment. Review of recent updates to international guidelines and Mozambican legislation. Other secondary sources were reviewed as input to decisions on the RPF and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and the definition of procedures for the ARAP/PC. Meetings with key staff from MTC, ANE, Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique (AT) and World Bank for a better understanding of the project's demand of footprint, to analyze alternatives and to elaborate the proponent's institutional arrangements for the project. Analysis of previous projects implemented by the proponent to identify lessons learned and strategies used to avoid the need for physical resettlement and minimize economic displacement. The consultant's experience in other projects was also emphasized. Interpretation of satellite images for the project area and GIS analysis. Field survey and collection of primary qualitative data, in interaction with PAP, in all Project sites planned for infrastructure improvements excluding Niassa, where data were provided by ANE (results of specialist studies). Field counting of Project potential affected assets combined to Google Hearth counting counting. Consultation meetings with interested and affected parties. Due to COVID restrictions, the meetings were in small groups - details of the public participation Process for this RPF are available in Section 15.2 and Annex I.
7 Potential Impacts 7.1 Impacts related to the acquisition of land for the project 7.1.1 Project activities causing resettlement As referred above, the Project entail infrastructure and non-infrastructure improvements. Although all civil works (rehabilitations and expansion of existing public infrastructures) will occur in existing land occupied by the infrastructure or within its reserve (i.e. in the partial protection zone (PPZ) established by law during the creation of the road/national border limits - that should not be occupied for community use as discussed in the Section 4.3), the road/border PPZ are encroached upon. The infrastructure rehabilitation and expansion will thus lead to loss of agricultural land, physical relocation of people, loss of assets, loss of access to assets, loss of income sources, loss of means of livelihood; and restrictions on, or loss of, access to economic assets and resources for the people in the project area. Project activities requiring temporary or permanent land acquisition (thus with potential displacement impacts) are those involving infrastructure improvements (described in Section 2.2 and summarized in the table below).
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7.1.2 Summary of estimated losses arising from Resettlement and Compensation The RPF estimates that a total of around 130 households29 will have to be resettled due to permanent loss of dwellings and many other households will lose residential and commercial structures (50 fences/walls and 230 stalls) that have to be rebuilt since will be economically resettled. The RPF estimates also that some households will lose a total of 115 ha of land containing fields (agriculture with scattered fruit, shifting cultivation and rainfed agriculture) - some without crops due to fallow land30. The following table summarize the estimated houses and other structures to be potentially displaced by the project.
Table 17 - Esteemed number of structures potential affected by the project Name of Type Province District CoI Houses Fencings Stalls Infrastructure Ponta do Ouro Border Post Maputo Matutuíne - 38 1 15 Zóbuè Border Post Tete Moatize - 10 - 1 Calómuè Border Post Tete Angónia - - - 4 Cassacatiza Border Post Tete Chifunde - 2 - - Milange Border Post Zambézia Milange - - - - Namiconha - Iapala Road Nampula Ribáuè 12 10 25 46 Nampula and Nampula - Corrane Road Nampula 14 11 2 6 Meconta Namialo - Imala Road Nampula Muecate 14 13 6 7 Rapale and Rapale - Mecuburi Road Nampula 14 14 14 35 Mecuburi Cuamba and Cuamba-Insaca Road Niassa 14 13 - 83 Mecanhelas Cuamba and Cuamba-Metarica Road Niassa 14 18 - 35 Metarica Total 5 15 129 48 232
The specific civil works and the footprint of the investment subprojects are largely unknown at this stage. The identification of the precise impacts and number of families potentially affected will only be clarified in the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans and Compensation Plan, to be drawn up later. The above estimate may be reduced by effective implementation of strategies to mitigate land acquisition (some described in Section 7.2) or may increase due to hidden data discovered by the detailed inventory and/or opportunism (influx of ineligible person - encroachers and squatters - occupying the land with intent to be compensated).
29 The RPF is conservative, assuming the houses will be totally affected, however, Resettlement Plan will assess if it is not the primary residences and if there are conditions to rebuild it in the same plot instead of resettling whole family. 30 Cash compensation will be for the crops and trees. Land will be compensated/replaced in-kind (district authorities will provide alternative land).
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7.2 Mitigation of impacts associated with the acquisition of land rights Resettlement is time consuming and can add significant amounts to project budgets. The purpose of the RPF and resettlement planning process is to minimize resettlement cases at the subcomponent level (especially situations associated with physical displacement)31 and mitigate the impact for those affected. In order to minimize resettlement, instead of clearing encroachment along the entire PPZ already stabilized for the roads and national borders to be rehabilitated, the project is considering resettlement only in a Corridor of Impact (CoI) of 7 m for each side from the road axis (i.e. total of 14 m wide) - one road has a total corridor of 12 m wide instead of 14 m. For the national borders, resettlement will be conducted only in the areas technically required for the buildings as well as for safety and security operation of the custom, migratory and related services associated to the border posts. Of note is that some buildings will be built outside the limit of the border post boundary32. Also, to mitigate impacts different alternatives of resettlement CoI were assessed during the elaboration of the RPF, for the six (6) selected road subprojects to be rehabilitated in Nampula and Niassa. The assessment were conducted in interaction with ANE PIU and consultants involved in environmental and social specific studies for these roads. The alternative with the least impact on the acquisition of rights over land and technically and safety viable were selected by ANE. It allowed to reduce affected houses from around 600 to 130 by narrowing the CoI from 20 m to 14 m wide - one road CoI was narrowed up to 12 m wide. By the time Detailed Road rehabilitation design is ongoing, the selected CoI must be considered, and further alternative routes/analyses can be assessed in order to minimize resettlement impacts, particularly on historical and sacred sites, houses and other infrastructures. The corridor suggested in the RPF managed to avoid entirely the areological, historical and cultural sites (cemeteries, sites of spiritual importance and historical monuments). As the possibility of identifying such sites in the resettlement planning phase is not out of the question33, during preparation of the detailed project and the ARAP/PC, the identification and minimization of impacts on these obstacles should continue. In fact, minimizing impacts and compensate residual ones (those that cannot be avoided) must continue as key principle during detailed engineering design, preparation of the ARAP/PC and construction. They should involve the following measures:
Monitor the influx of new occupants respectively to the road and border areas and notify the district to remove them. Section 9.4 provides Procedure for Assessing Eligibility for Compensation for those claiming rights after the cut-off-date. Using the RPF, ESMF, simplified ESIAs, ESMP, and ARAP/PC to establish contractual requirements to alert and forestall displacement in subprojects.
31 The most important principle for resettlement planning advocated by the World Bank OP 4.12, is to try to avoid resettlement wherever possible, including by altering project designs and alignment. 32 Not all new buildings will be within existing Border Posts. For instance, Ponta do Ouro Border Post will need extra area nearby for truck parking area, commercial customs area, a new road track for heavy trucks (connecting the Border Post to the next roundabout). 33 It should be noted that some cultural areas (including graves) normally are clearly visible, but others are not visible. Public consultation and also a chance find procedure helps to identify them.
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Maintain the ongoing interactive processes to establish the footprint of sub-project infrastructure with a view to identifying alternatives and locations with minimal obstructions34. The same process must cover the design of layout of the new building for the border posts. Careful selection of sites that minimizes negative impacts: accesses, yards, parks, warehouses, temporary storage and borrow pits35. Prepare and implement resettlement plans following the current RPF, the WB OP 4.12 and the Mozambican legislation36. The PAP should be consulted and given opportunities to participate in the planning and implementation of resettlement programs. Displaced persons, especially the most vulnerable, should be assisted to improve their previous standard of living, their ability to generate income and their production levels, or at least to restore them.
8 Preparation and Approval of Resettlement Plan
8.1 Overview ARAP/PC preparation and approval processes are discussed in this chapter. These activities involve the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) in ANE, which is responsible for planning, management and supervision of project infrastructures (roads and border posts). For this reason, the PIU has specialists in environmental and social safeguards. Social consultants will be hired to prepare the ARAP/PC and service providers will be hired to implement it. The process will be participatory and will involve the MTA, the districts, the affected communities and other entities (see the project’s institutional framework in Chapter 5).
8.2 Selection of the Resettlement Planning Instrument When Project impacts mean that less than 200 people must be physically relocated or if these people are not physically displaced but lose less than 10 percent of their assets due to the project and resettlement is not complex, an ARAP may be prepared. When activities cause impacts of a greater magnitude than these (≥ 200 people affected) or resettlement is complex to plan and implement, a full RAP will be required. An ARAP is prepared when there is little or no physical relocation required but where compensation for damages, loss of property or loss of access to livelihoods resources needs to be planned and budgeted for. When the extent of impacts on PAPs is not yet known in detail, it is recommended a RAP per its own decision tree.
34 In highly congested peri-urban areas where the road and buildings abut one another and in other sensitive areas (ex. rural markets, cemeteries), the corridor of impact may be reduced to the narrowest practical option that complies with pretended works and safety requirements. 35 As referred in 2.2. associated facilities for the construction/rehabilitation of the project infrastructures (borrow pits, yards, campsite, etc.) may also lead for land restrictions and are covered in this RPF and its budget. They will be included in the ARAP/PC for the subprojects - conducted before construction. Specific ARAP/PC shall be drafted later for associated facilities identified during construction phase or addendum will be done to previous ARAP/PC. 36 The consultation conducted for this RPF reveals that local communities need the planned road improvements to be made as soon as possible, as they struggle to access the main cities/harbour. There will be active engagement with local communities to assess their willingness to contribute land for the project following the land donation requirements recommended in this RPF (please refer to Section 4.4 and Annex VII).
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A RAP may be substituted with an ARAP which is used if the scale of impact is low and the impacts are not complex37. In Mozambique, small magnitude of impact without physical displacement are managed by a Compensation Plan (PC). Based on the impacts assessed (please refer to Section 7.1.2) it is recommended nine (9) ARAP and one (1) PC be elaborated for the Project as per the table below.
Table 18 - Estimation of type of safeguard instruments and service providers required Type of Name of Infrastructure Type of plan Providers Infrastructure Ponta do Ouro Border Post ARAP E Zóbuè Border Post ARAP D Calómuè Border Post PC D Cassacatiza Border Post ARAP D Milange Border Post - N/A Nampula-Corrane Road ARAP A Namialo - Imala Road ARAP A Namiconha - Iapala Road ARAP B Rapale-Mecuburi Road ARAP B Cuamba - Insaca Road ARAP C Cuamba - Metarica Road ARAP C Total 9 ARAP and 1 PC 5
8.3 Preparation of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans Social Consultant will be responsible for preparing the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans (ARAP) and Compensation Plan (PC) in line with the principles and procedures of this RPF. PC may also be prepared internally by RAT (ANE) depending on the preferred arrangement - it will follow the same principles of the RPF. The draft ARAP/PC will be submitted to the PIU for review and approval and to the WB for further review, clearance and 'no objection', before submitting it for approval by the District Government, which should precede implementation of the resettlement process and the beginning of the civil construction work. If the location of an area intended for resettlement is likely to cause negative environmental and social impacts, then an environmental assessment of the resettlement project may be necessary, which may add more time to the ARAP preparation process.
8.4 ARAP/PC Content The scope and level of detail of a Resettlement Planning Instrument varies with the magnitude and complexity of the resettlement concerned. It must, however, have the following: • A description of the project's activities; • Activities performed to minimize resettlement;
37 An ARAP is used when the magnitude of impacts is low (< 10% of the PAP’s productive assets, i.e. when PAP lose less than 10% of his/her land and his/her subsistence capacity is not affected) and it comprises mainly of compensation details for economic displacement and may include small numbers of physically displaced persons (< 200 PAP) needing physical resettlement.
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• Census of project-affected persons, an inventory of affected assets (including of cultural assets, ex. graves) and, if it is a full RAP, a socio-economic survey; • A detailed description of compensation and resettlement assistance, including the right to participate in alternative livelihood restoration activities; • Results of consultations with project-affected persons on acceptable alternatives and a communication plan; • A description of institutional responsibility for implementation and procedures for handling grievances; • Report on the resettlement location and needs of affected and host communities; • Description of social projects; • Distribution of land uses, including a detailed plan; • Implementation and monitoring mechanisms; • A timetable and budget detailing the costs, including travel and settlement costs, compensation, administrative costs and monitoring fees. • Measures to manage social risks in accordance to the ESMF and ESMP, including to mitigate influx of workers, GRM, SEA, GBV, VAC, COVID pandemic spread, etc. The content of RAP and ARAP/PC are available in Annex V.
8.5 Approval and dissemination of Compensation Plans As stipulated in Article 9 of Decree 31/2012, the District Government is the entity responsible for approving Resettlement Plans. Approval should take into account the views of the government department responsible for spatial planning, after consultation with the agriculture, local administration, public works and housing departments. Once an acceptable draft has been prepared (with summary or full content as appropriate for the audience), it will have to be presented and made available for public consultation involving, in particular, those directly affected and involved. For example, copies of the plan will be prepared in Portuguese, and will be made available in easily accessible locations in the affected areas. The comments obtained from the public consultation will be incorporated into the final document. It should be reiterated that the ARAP/PC is a dynamic working document and when the situation on the ground changes, it may be necessary to make corrections to reflect the reality of the terrain. These corrections may be attached to the original plan, following a similar public disclosure / consultation process.
9 Definition of PAP categories and Eligibility Criteria
9.1 Eligibility Criteria Both Mozambican legislation and OP 4.12 have been designed to ensure that people who are physically or economically displaced as a result of development projects are not in a worse position than before displacement. The project proponent also has the opportunity to provide resources to restore livelihoods to ensure that affected families are in better condition than before. The degree of impact on livelihoods must be assessed for all project subcomponents causing the potential displacement revealed by the project's triage process. The categories of persons who lose assets will include those listed in the table below, although others could be identified during preparation of the plans. Households where individual members are affected by the
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) project are considered affected households. The exact number of affected people, the degree of impact on household livelihoods (their losses, ownership status, renting status, etc.) will be effectively determined during preparation of the ARAP/PC.
Table 19 - Criteria for Assessing Potentially Affected Families Description Type of Impact
I. Project affected households (PAHs) living in the project area. Full physical displacement PAHs that will lose only their houses and other structures. Full physical and economic PAHs that will lose their homes, other structures and part of their displacement. fields, agricultural production and non-agricultural sources of income. II. PAHs farming in the project area. Permanent partial PAHs that will permanently lose part of their agricultural land and economic losses production in the project area. Temporary partial PAHs that could temporarily lose part of their agricultural land and economic losses production and will return to it, for example, after rehabilitation of the associated facility - borrow pit. III. PAHs who only live and cultivate seasonally in the project area Permanent partial PAHs that will lose houses and / or other structures in the project area. economic losses PAHs that will lose houses and / or other structures and part of their agricultural land and agricultural production in the project area. Temporary partial PAHs that will temporarily lose part of their agricultural land and economic losses. production and may have to adapt to the production of low crops in the future. IV. PAHs with small businesses (with permanent or temporary structures) in the project area. Permanent partial PAHs that will lose revenue due to the closure of their businesses and economic losses will lose structures built for the activity in the project area.
V PAHs living in rented houses located in the project area. Temporary partial Affected households who will lose the rented house where they live in economic losses. the project area. VI PAHs living and / or working in houses /structures commercially rented seasonally in the project Permanent partial PAHs who will lose the house they rent and occasionally occupy as a economic losses shelter, or to do business in the project area. VII PAHs who rent their home to third parties in the project area Permanent partial PAHs that will lose their home and / or other structures that they rent to economic losses others for short or long-term periods, in the project area. VIII PAHs or communities with cultural property in the project area Partial loss of cultural assets PAHs or communities that may lose access to physical sites of cultural relevance (sacred places, cemeteries or similar)
Assessment of the PAHs with partial economic displacement claims must be sensitive to access to and use of livelihoods resources, so that it may be established which PAHs will genuinely lose use of, or income from these as a result of project development. In addition to the losses described in the above table, there are individual or collective persons who may voluntarily donate their land or assets to the project, which must be done by completing and signed the Voluntary Land Donation Form available in Annex VII (please refer to Section 4.4).
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9.2 Land acquisition and Expected Categories of Affected Persons People who are expected to be displaced economically or physically can be classified into three groups: Affected Persons, Affected Households and Vulnerable Groups. Households are usually the survey unit for impacts on assets. However, formal or informal commercial companies are also affected, whose families may not be in or near the project's direct impact zone. Vulnerable groups are identified as early as possible so that they can receive special attention. In this way, their needs can be identified from the baseline socio-economic study and the census so that: (i) they are consulted individually and given the opportunity to participate in project activities (i.e. are not excluded), ( ii) their resettlement and compensation are designed to improve the standard of living they had before the project, (iii) special attention is paid to monitoring them, in order to ensure that their standard of living before the project is actually improved, (iv) receive technical and financial assistance if they intend to use the subproject's grievance mechanisms and (v) decisions that concern them are taken in the shortest possible time.
9.3 Eligibility for Community Compensation Communities that temporarily or permanently lose the ability to use land and/or access goods and/or resources are eligible for resettlement by law. The logic is to guarantee the recovery of the community’s socio-economic situation, if it has been negatively affected. The eligibility for compensation is similar to when it belongs to individuals, although the discussion will be done with the legal leaders and the consultation extensive to all members. However, when goods for public use include public toilets, market, taxi rank, schools or health facilities, for example, agreements are signed with the relevant government or municipality sectors and compensation provided by the Project.
9.4 Procedure for Assessing Compensation Rights The procedures for assessing the right to compensation and other forms of assistance should be organized along the following lines: A census of all people who will be affected by the subproject must be conducted in the initial planning stage. It will identify the people eligible for assistance and discourage an influx of ineligible people. The names of all household members and their relationship with the household head must be recorded, as well as data on the use and location of resources and the location of households; Together with local authorities (district administrator or similar authority), influential local leaders and representatives of the district, municipality and the subproject proponent must investigate the basis of each claim by the families identified. The information must be cross-checked through initial interviews with local leaders individually, followed by visits to each affected family to make a detailed record of all affected assets; o The inventory must record the number of structure (houses, stall, graves, etc.), the intangible asset (sacred site), the area they occupy, their age and condition, as well as the types of crops, their age, productivity and the amount and extent of the land taken and all other sources of subsistence other than farmland; o The assessment of families with partial claims of economic displacement must be sensitive to the complexity of obtaining access and using the resources that constitute livelihoods in order to determine which families will genuinely lose the use of these resources and the income from them because of the project.
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The final decision on the right to compensation must be made by the PIU, after reviewing all claims. Each family eligible for compensation or any other type of assistance must then be informed of the basis for the decision, as well as the assistance options available; This process must be fully documented in the ARAP/PC, including the decisions made and the reasons for doing so at all stages. In the event of complaints against decisions on eligibility, they must be dealt with through the procedures established for notifying complaints; Agreements on types of compensation, the location of replacement land and values must be signed by each family and witnessed by a local leader and government officials. The document will serve to clarify the rights of affected families and defend the project proponent in the event of complaints.
9.5 Cut-off Date The census and inventory of assets may be used to help establish a cut-off date as a general rule/principle. Persons occupying project sites will be informed of the moratorium that begins after this date, prohibiting new land occupation, construction activities and investment in permanent improvements until the occupants are compensated. Establishing a cut-off date as early as possible during the planning process will prevent people who invade the area after the cut-off date from obtaining compensation or any other form of assistance for which they are not eligible. However, it should be noted that the later the declaration, the less control the proponent has over the entry of opportunists into the project area. The cut-off date for each construction site will be chosen during ARAP/PC elaboration by PIU (including specialists in safeguards and PROSIR recommendations), in close collaboration with provincial and local authorities (especially those responsible for land administration), influential local and traditional leaders, and affected communities. The stipulated cut-off date will depend on a risk analysis covering, among others, the following factors: a) confirmation of investment in the subcomponent; b) the final selection of alignment/place for the infrastructure; c) the background, attitudes and experiences of potential PAP in the project area; d) the spatial distribution of potential PAP; e) the readiness of municipal or district authorities to collaborate in implementing the moratorium. This process will be in full agreement with the conflict resolution mechanisms. The date must be communicated effectively to potential PAP and surrounding local communities. Because the project cannot indefinitely prevent people from evolving as needs and better conditions allow them to optimize livelihoods, it is important to agree with the PAP, in the presence of local leaders and government authorities, a tangible timeframe for the validity of the cut-off date. A period of six months to a year is often considered an acceptable period. However, whenever the project faces challenges that could create obstacles to the proposed cut-off date, PIU/PROSIR may consult the PAP again, to inform them of the unexpected challenges, and agree on a new timeframe to avoid claims that may put the project at risk. Its objective is to maintain a close relationship with affected communities via an interactive communication channel, in order to promote acceptance of the project's activities and collaboration. If it is not maintained and there are further implementation delays, for example, the project will have to carry out a new census to capture any new developments that may have occurred in the meantime. This may include new house construction, fields and other socio-economic values.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) 10 Method for Valuing Affected Assets 10.1 Overview The establishment of methodologies for calculating compensation is important, so that they can be applied consistently to all PAP, protecting the project proponent from unjustified and exaggerated claims. This chapter describes the process for assessing structures and natural resources.
10.2 Calculation of Compensation Although the basic formula for assessing houses used for residential and commercial purposes, under Mozambican legislation, is mentioned in the expropriation decree (181/2010), World Bank requirements recommend using the full replacement cost, exclusive of depreciation. Monetary compensation for a house or ancillary structure must be the total replacement value of the original house / structure, exclusive of depreciation. Annual trees and crops are assessed by technicians from the Provincial or District Directorate for Agriculture and Food Security (Direcção Provincial ou Distrital da Agricultura e Segurança Alimentar - DPASA) based on a standard formula contained in the expropriation decree and determined for use by the Government. The calculation for fruit tree values includes the type of tree, its age, health, years of production, annual production and current estimated market value. If full replacement value is not guaranteed per the calculation methods above, additional provision is to be added for the compensation value to cover all transition costs.
10.3 Preparation As a first step, an information sheet must be produced, explaining eligibility, compensation rates and other entitlements, the implementation schedule and information on procedures for grievance redress, in appropriate languages and in an easily comprehensible format. Information about the project and progress in the resettlement implementation process will be regularly updated and provided to affected persons. The basic principles of the compensation process will be presented to the PAP with a view to ensuring agreement. These include:
Affected families agree with the valuation methods and calculation of the value, considering them fair and adequate. This should be established at the beginning of the process, through consultation at community level; The level of compensation will be sufficient to ensure that people regain their productivity and standard of living after compensation and the benefits of resettlement; Compensation will be paid before the assets are acquired by the project, so that the money can be used for the purposes for which it is intended, i.e. recovery of resources and standard of living; Compensation will not be paid in any manner that could make the PAP insecure. Preference will be given to payments through post office services, banks or any other recognized institution. The associated fees will have to be included in the compensation package; Payment of compensation will take into account gender and will not discriminate against female members of the household (for example in polygamous cases, the entire payment may be divided among the wives).
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10.4 Inventory and Evaluation of Assets Value The next step, valuing the affected assets, is carried out by the facilitators through a consultation process involving the PAP (owners or users), during preparation of the ARAP/PC. The objectives of the consultation process are: To make an objective assessment of the assets; and To agree on the form and amount of the associated compensation. All assets must be carefully assessed, measured and photographed in order to ensure that the amounts paid are fair or the replacement of houses, stalls or shops are of the same or better quality than the original ones considering replacement cost. After the value of the assets has been assessed, the resulting value must be verified with the affected family, in a discussion process involving the household heads/owner of the assets. The procedures for valuing assets are described below.
10.5 Valuation Procedures The procedures for assessing assets are defined as follows: A multidisciplinary team should be established, including elements from local authorities, local leaders, representatives of Agriculture (for agricultural assets), Public Works, Housing and Water Resources (for structures), the municipality or the District Government. This team should draw up an inventory of the assets that will be lost or affected and record the level of impact. An inventory should be made of each family’s assets that will be lost or affected, including physical structures such as: dwellings, ancillary shelters, latrines, stalls selling goods, shops, workshops, warehouses, wells and pens; crops established in the soil, land area for cultivation, business structure, tree crops and income generating activities. The results will permit analyses on replacing the buildings with others of better quality in a location chosen/agreed by the families to be resettled. At this stage, it is important to gather the information needed to determine the total income of each family and the fraction that will be interrupted or lost to the project. Subsequent verification may be required for households whose affected proportion of land, crops or livelihoods changes following a change in the design of the project. Procedures for calculating compensation values may involve: o Using a qualified government asset valuation technician in the team to calculate the value of structures, ancillary shelters and those used for trade, based on legislation, without applying a depreciation factor and agreed by the affected families. The assessment of replacement cost of materials will consider the current value of materials and products in the local market and the labor required to rebuild reconstruction and the value given to the land by the building. o Using a qualified government crop assessment technician in the inventory team to calculate the monetary value of compensation for loss of crops based on rates per crop determined by legislation, updated with local market prices and cross checked with local rates produced by the government agricultural sector and agreed by affected households. This same technician will calculate the land preparation value (using clearance fees, annual clearing, initial tillage, miscellaneous maintenance and provision for inconvenience and disturbance) should it be necessary to pay in cash for the loss of use rights, instead of replacing the agricultural land for the same or better; and o Interview to determine with the owner, the business income to be interrupted and the real costs of this interruption. The monetary value will be calculated to produce a rate agreed with the PAP and applied according to the interruption period. It may be necessary to
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identify alternative livelihood restauration opportunities to bridge the income gap if it takes time, for those whose entire business is affected by the project. Some assistance may also be required during a prolonged interruption. It is recommended that, for interruptions of less than one month, payment be made according to the real time expected to be lost. o Assistance in identifying suitable alternative rented accommodation for affected families who rent and live in homes that will be lost. In the case of PAP who lose their source of income for an extended period of time and receive transitional assistance in one-off payments covering the loss amount for three months, it is also good practice to monitor whether the re-establishment of the means of income happens on time, and be prepared to provide more payments or assistance for the PAP to engage in an alternative profitable activity - if there are well-founded reasons for the delay. In the event of permanent loss of fields with cash crops, during the interruption compensation will take into account the interruption period and could include transitional assistance. All compensation agreements must be recorded, signed with local witnesses and authenticated by the signature of local authorities. Copies of these documents must be kept by both affected families and the PROSIR / project authority (ANE). Any area of productive land provided under the project's compensation policy of replacing land with land, must have equivalent or better production potential than the original productive area. This area of land should be assessed by specialists in local government, agreed upon by those affected, and should also be in a location preferred by the PAP, as close as possible to the original area. The replacement land that originally had established crops must be supplied clear, with the field ready to be sown. This procedure can be done using local labor or paying financially compensation to the affected person to clear the new area. Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced people whose livelihoods are land-based. If sufficient alternative land is not available, non-land-based options built around opportunities for employment or self-employment should be provided in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. The lack of adequate land must be demonstrated and documented. If it is anticipated that compensation will significantly destabilize the lives of the PAP, to the extent possible, the people to be compensated should be provided with alternative livelihood options, such as learning about appropriate alternative forms of income generation. These training and monitoring packages should be provided by NGOs working in the project area. Compensation agreements with holders of acquired land use rights affected by wayleaves and other construction activities, should be made by PROSIR / ANE and the beneficiaries through negotiation and the free will agreement of those affected, where possible.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) The following table summarizes the PAP categories and their entitlements (it shall be noted that entitlements are cumulative i.e., a PAP can fall into more than one category and receive the corresponding entitlements):
Table 20 - Matrix of Entitlements Category of Project Compensation for Compensation for Loss of Affected Persons Type of Loss Loss of Structures Goods Other type of Support Loss of shelter, Replacement of Cash compensation for lost Assistance with food subsidies or physical assets and housing and all standing crops and employment until livelihood re- loss of livelihood other additional provision of alternative land established; moving assistance; fruit sources structures for cultivation. Cash tree seedling package; post- (agricultural, compensation for loss of resettlement support; cash PAHs living in the trading locations) property according to un- compensation for period of interrupted development project area. depreciated replacement trade, livelihoods restoration and costs additional income generation development support. Transport allowance. Transitional and transactional monetary compensation. Loss of rented Assistance to find alternative rented Families who rent houses in shelter accommodation. the project area. Transport allowance. Families with or without Loss of mature Monetary compensation for If the alternative land is not provided in formal land rights, who annual and the loss of mature crops at time to secure the next harvest and if the cultivate in the project area perennial crops and replacement value rates subsequent damage corresponds to land used for and provision of alternative more than 10% of the family's livelihood, cultivation. farmland of equal or better a food subsidy may be required. To quality. guarantee the re-establishment of livelihood conditions to equal to or better than those before the project, after the subsidy has ended, definitive compensation alternatives must be provided on time and include inputs and technical assistance.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) Category of Project Compensation for Compensation for Loss of Affected Persons Type of Loss Loss of Structures Goods Other type of Support Families with or without Loss of physical Monetary or Monetary compensation for Transitional and transactional monetary formal rights to the land assets and use of construction loss of crops at replacement compensation for temporary loss of who only occupy and land for agriculture. material value rates and provision of temporary shelter structures or cultivate it in the project compensation for alternative farmland. immediate replacement in an area seasonally. loss of non- alternative location (with equivalent residential conditions). Thus, if necessary, structures, assistance will include a) identifying assistance in comparable or better alternative land, b) transporting old payment of transitional assistance and new materials according to the interruption period) and for developing alternative income- construction. generation activities that generate income equal to or better than before the project. Guarantee the restoration of living conditions equal to or better than the project, after the transition subsidy has ended, alternative definitive compensation must be provided on time (as soon as possible). Transport allowance. Individuals or families with Loss of temporary Replacement of Monetary compensation for Transitional and transactional monetary or without formal land or permanent use structure, loss of goods at compensation for temporary loss of rights, who have a business of the structure and compensation in replacement costs without income or immediate replacement in an stall or shop as livelihood in interruption of construction depreciation. Replacement alternative location (with equivalent the project area. income. materials or land with equal or better conditions). Assistance may include; a) money. conditions than before the identifying comparable or better project. alternative land, b) payment of transitional assistance according to the interruption period and c) developing alternative income generation activities
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) Category of Project Compensation for Compensation for Loss of Affected Persons Type of Loss Loss of Structures Goods Other type of Support equal to or better than before the project. To guarantee the re-establishment of living conditions equal to or better than before the project, after the transition subsidy has ended, alternative definitive compensation must be provided on time (as soon as possible). Transport allowance. Individual or family Loss of asset. As above. As above. As above landowners, with or without formal land rights in the project area, with land that is rented or used by others Individuals or families who Temporary or None None Transitional and transactional monetary rent out properties for permanent loss of compensation for temporary loss of commercial activities in the use of the structure income or assisted replacement in an project area, that are their and interrupted alternative location (with equivalent livelihood income. conditions). If necessary, assistance in developing alternative income generation activities equal to or better than before the project. Guarantee the re-establishment of living conditions equal to or better than before the project, after the transition subsidy has ended, alternative definitive compensation must be provided on time Individual working for Temporary none none none another person in an interruption of informal activity in the income from work project area for others.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) Category of Project Compensation for Compensation for Loss of Affected Persons Type of Loss Loss of Structures Goods Other type of Support Individual who has a job in Temporary none none Monetary compensation after evidence an activity in the project interruption of of the most recent wage and during the area income from period work is interrupted because of employment. the project. Individuals or families who Temporary loss of none none Monetary compensation after evidence are deprived of access to access to source of of the amount lost during the period their sources of income by income. work is interrupted because of the project activities project Transport allowance. Transitional and transactional monetary compensation. Families with graves of Loss of access or of none none Provision of land near host area for new relatives in the project area the location. cemeteries. Disruption to Cost of arrangements for disinterring, cultural norms, moving, and re-burying bodies and practices and replacing headstones or similar values structures. Ceremonial costs, and other assistance in consultation with the community Families or communities Loss of access or of none none Symbolic monetary compensation, in with historical and cultural the location. kind for ceremonies and, if necessary, sites/asset (sites of spiritual Loss of influence of support transporting remains or other importance and historical cultural leaders. physical, intangible transfer and other monuments) in the project Loss of social assistance in consultation with the area cohesion community
Families with or without Damage to physical Compensation paid Monetary compensation by Assistance during the period business/ formal land rights, living in assets and by the contractor the contractor for loss of source of income is interrupted. areas adjacent to areas livelihood according to un- crops and damage to assets where construction will (agricultural depreciated at official unit rates and take place replacement costs. recommended calculation
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) Category of Project Compensation for Compensation for Loss of Affected Persons Type of Loss Loss of Structures Goods Other type of Support resources and of ARAP/PC replacement business). values. Vulnerable families (headed Loss of land and /or Restoration of land, Restoration, preferably in Assistance with food allowances or by the elderly, children, the damage to physical goods and kind, of any affected asset. employment until subsistence is disabled, single parent HH, goods and alternative restored; assistance in transferring people below poverty line livelihoods livelihoods. goods; post-resettlement support; cash and people with chronic (agricultural compensation for the period of trade or illnesses, etc.) resources and another livelihood interruption. business). Assistance to access medical/social support services, if applicable.
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11 Organizational Procedures for Delivering Entitlements 11.1 Overview Mozambican legislation (Decrees 23/2008, 181/2010) establishes organizational procedures for compensation delivery. This chapter describes the procedures, which must be applied consistently to all people affected by a sub-project.
11.2 Organizational Procedures for the Payment of Compensation The PIU will lead the delivery of PAP entitlement compensation through services provided by PROSIR. PROSIR must ensure that all procedures are understood by the men and women in the community involved, and applied in the best possible way, through local resources. Firstly, all affected assets must be confirmed by means of documentation prepared for this purpose. Then compensation agreements can be drawn up based on confirmed data on the affected assets. PROSIR will coordinate the involvement of technicians from DPTA, DPASA, DPOPHRH, the municipality or the District Government, depending on the case, to confirm assets and verify possession of a bank account or mobile phone, as well as the identification needed to open a new account, where necessary. After the engagement of the PAP and signing of the agreements, providing accounts for payment, PROSIR will instruct the PIU to pay the compensation to the PAP, by cheque or transfer through authorized financial institutions (bank accounts and mobile accounts offered by telephone operators) before displacement. Proof of transfer or cheques will be handed over in the presence of witnesses and managed by PROSIR. Only when there is no facility to receive compensation in any other way, can PAP receive cash. In the case of cheques and cash, a satisfactory security system must be put in place to guarantee the confidentiality of payment, to avoid theft or loss of money. Although the description of the implementation process contemplates payment by the proponent, it could easily hire PROSIR services, depending on the case. In places where the number of affected families is equal to or greater than 30, a Resettlement Committee (RC) may be established to represent and defend the interests of families. Measures will be taken to ensure that the committees have balanced representation of both sexes and that women are active participants in decision-making. Committee members must include at least 30% women for their representation to be adequate. PROSIR will organize the creation of the committees and their training. These committees will be important focal points for implementing and resolving compensation issues, providing mechanisms for liaising with contractors, local authorities, municipalities and the District Government. PROSIR will focus on building community capacity and supporting families during and after compensation, where necessary. Efforts will be made to maintain the structures created to manage compensation and grievance management mechanisms during the project’s construction and operational phases. PROSIR social facilitators should strive to know technical experts, local government members, and representatives of other communities with experience of local compensation, who can be used to help achieve smooth implementation of the project.
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11.3 Awareness raising and compensation PROSIR social facilitators will work with the PAP to inform them of their rights and responsibilities, the mechanisms for submitting complaints and appeals, and the implementation procedures. The Resettlement Committee (RC) will verify if cash compensation has been carried out transparently before the PAP are displaced. Social facilitators will support verification activities and work with the PAP to ensure that they select areas to cultivate or trade and livelihood activities that are socially acceptable for all of them, local leaders and neighboring communities. The PROSIR is also responsible for organizing adequate assistance for displaced persons who have lost most of their income source. Such assistance may include agricultural inputs, transport, etc. to continue agricultural / commercial practices elsewhere or guidance on alternative livelihood strategies. ANE shall ensure that contractors are given written instructions so that they do not start construction on project sites that are occupied until their occupants have been resettled and the areas physically vacated.
11.4 Institutional Capacity Building As described in Section 5.4, capacity build is required for the Project. Current safeguard team supporting ANE PIU at HdQ need to be reinforced with two new staff (one on social area and the second in environmental area) at HdQ, and MTC PIU need two experts (one environmental and one social experts) and Gabinete do Vale do Zambeze need one expert with both environmental and social for the subprojects under component 3 (that includes agriculture, irrigation, and agroindustry). ANE will work with the institutions represented at the border post (respectively AT, Health/MISAU, Agriculture/MADER and Immigration) during the construction of the border post infra-structure. In each of the institution there will be identified a focal point that will be in liaison with the environmental and social specialist hired by PIU to implement the general (ESMF and RPF) and the specific subproject instruments. No additional staff is suggested by the Project for agencies monitoring ESMP and ARAP/PC (MTA/DPTDTA and SDPI, etc). ANE environmental and social safeguards specialists have the skills to coordinate resettlement and ESMF implementation. It is assumed all new staff to be recruited for ANE, MCT and Gabinete do Vale do Zambeze will be selected due to be experts in ESMF and resettlement implementation. However, the corridor specific scope of SATCP means that day-to-day management is done locally, involving the focal points above mentioned. These people are not familiar with resettlement procedures that comply with World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement. Consequently, the ANE, MCT, AT, MISAU and MADER local Focal Points involved in establishing the subproject’s layout, and providing support the coordination, planning, supervision and monitoring of the ARAP/PC, including monitoring implementation, internal compensation payments, managing/monitoring complaints, code of conduct, gender-based violence and violence against children, etc. must be trained in World Bank resettlement procedures in these matters. The trainings will be facilitated by ANE/RAT or a consultant and will be extensive to the agencies monitoring ARAP/PC (MTA, SDPI, etc.).
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Training should take place preferably during the Project’s planning phase so as to include alternatives that avoid resettlement – as this involves the design of the subprojects’ layout. Similarly, people on the co-management committee, resettlement committee and key local leaders will be trained in managing complaints and mediating conflicts by PROSIR.
12 ARAP/PC Implementation Process 12.1 Overview Once agreement on forms of compensation has been reached and documented, the different types of compensation will be made (in kind or in cash); logistical assistance or training will be provided according to the Table 20 and before takeover of assets (this should not be confused with livelihood restoration measures that continues after the takeover). ARAP/PCs must be in place/approved prior to bids and implemented before commencement of civil works. The roles of the various actors involved in carrying out the main tasks are presented below.
12.2 Preparation of the host area The project authority must ensure that the resettlement and compensation plans are implemented by giving this responsibility to the PIU and PROSIR. The project authority can provide support for strategic decisions on the location and development of the host resettlement area, resources and implementation procedures. District Governments, through the heads of local authorities and traditional leaders, must provide land in cases where compensation must include land, or when land use rights have been acquired for infrastructure development. The ANE local coordinator must have a leading role in supervising and monitoring this process, usually with the assistance of a consultant, NGO or PROSIR. The relevant municipality or district will be responsible for the detailed land use planning, cadastre, the delimitation and demarcation of resettlement sites. If there is no capacity in the municipality or district, the Cadastral Services of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Food Security should be requested to provide support. At the beginning of the implementation process, PROSIR should organize technical support from staff in the ANE delegation and the district or municipality, as appropriate, for the demarcation of the site and the acquisition of land use rights, where necessary, for resettlement and the installation of other social and / or commercial conditions. On behalf of the project authority, the PIU should hire additional assistance to facilitate resettlement, such as contractors to build houses, consultants to inspect the construction process and social facilitators to organize implementation of the resettlement process with project affected persons. It would be helpful to use the same facilitators who guided the required ARAP preparation consultation process, in order to promote trust and a sense of continuity among project affected persons. If this is not possible, then other local service providers should be hired.
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12.3 Providing assistance and entitlements A central aspect of the compensation process is the provision of resources for each household or other affected entity to restore their standard of living. The first step will be to engage with the PAP to confirm the assets to be lost and inform them of the project policy that sets standards and keeps them (the PAP) informed about matters of interest to them, for example:
The general schedule of the project and, in particular, the various milestones with direct implications for their livelihoods. The replacement value must correspond to the (current) market value of affected assets. The amount must be paid in order to give the PAP the opportunity to improve their living standards or at least to maintain the living standards that prevailed before the start of the subproject. Compensation for all assets must be provided and completed before works and displacement start. Whenever applicable (for households that can choose to replace their affected assets) they can be helped to rebuild the structures lost to the project. Ensure that fixed-sale stalls and kiosks and other important businesses are compensated / replaced / reallocated in such a way that there is no interruption or discontinuity in local markets; Households that lose farmland of more than 5x5 m will be helped by the project, in collaboration with local authorities, to identify replacement land and will be helped to carry out the basic preparation of new areas of land in a timely manner (land clearance, demarcation, etc.) before sowing. For minor areas (in condition that is less than 10% of available land) alternative compensation measure shall be identified. When the land is minor than 5x5 m but more than 10% of available land, replacement applies. Assistance to vulnerable people Assistance to vulnerable people will take the following forms, depending on the needs and demands of the persons and assets concerned:
Targeted consultation/monitoring to ensure livelihoods sustained/ restored and vulnerability not increased. Advocacy in identification of suitable replacement land in strategic location / house design. Assistance in the compensation procedure (further explanation of the process, ensuring that documents are understood, support the person at the bank so that they can count properly). Assistance in the period following payment so that the compensation is made safe and that the risks of misuse or theft are limited. Assistance in moving: to provide the means of transport (vehicle and logistics) and close support, help the person find their resettlement site to ensure that others do not come to settle in it, etc. Offer of assistance for reconstruction of replacement domestic structures. Providing in-kind resettlement host house customized for the demand of the vulnerability. Where necessary, food aid and/or medical assistance during critical periods, especially during resettlement and transition thereafter. Assistance in the period following the relocation, especially if the solidarity networks (food aid, health monitoring, etc.) benefited by the vulnerable person cannot be immediately restored.
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Assistance transporting goods All PAPs moving temporarily or permanently should receive moving allowances/assistance . Awareness raising to discourage the improper use of compensation It will always be important to raise the awareness of PAH that receive compensation (mainly in cash) to use it to make up for the loss and improve the family's condition. This aspect is the joint responsibility of the proponent, PROSIR and local structures (municipal, district, locality and neighborhood). PROSIR's social facilitators, district, municipal, local and neighborhood authorities will be the education / information agencies to raise PAP awareness about the importance of using resources properly. Experience shows that, in similar circumstances, there is often a risk that some beneficiaries will use this money for purposes that do not add value to family and community life (for example, alcohol and other negative practices) and consequently impoverish families and communities. Some goods usually purchased, although beneficial, e.g. motor bikes, if not used to obtain income only increase household expenses. Representativeness and delivery of compensation The following principles must be taken into account when designing compensation delivery systems: Whenever possible, compensation must be delivered directly to the legitimate affected party. When delivered to a representative, the reasons for the substitution must be specified and these must be approved by witnesses such as local leaders, neighbors and local authorities, where appropriate. This representative must have a power of attorney giving him the right, which will be put on file. At the household level, it is important to involve men and women (not just men) in the management of all aspects of compensation, especially receiving compensation (in cash and in kind). If deeds are issued, there should be the option of register the names of the husband and wife for the new dwelling, land or stall. It is hoped that involving women will help ensure that restoration measures are used to build family capital. The act of delivering the compensation must be duly witnessed, documented, and the respective receipts obtained. For registration and accountability purposes, photographs of all compensation delivery events must be taken and filed in the project database. Proof of payment is filed at least by PAP, PROSIR, the proponent and District Services, showing the identification and signature of the PAP, the signature of local witnesses (leader and / or district representative), the PROSIR and, when applicable, the ANE representative. Assistance in accessing employment with the project
Where PAP are qualified to work competently they can be involved in the project and, in particularly, in implementing the ARAP/PC. They should be encouraged to make their contribution as temporary and / or permanent workers and as a priority workforce to be selected in the location. Whenever appropriate, jobs should be given to women, especially single mothers and widows. A degree of training should also be included to increase opportunities to employ local people, as long as this does not translate into significantly higher costs for the project.
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Once employed, the PAP must be made aware that they have the same rights and duties as other workers, in terms of meeting schedules, attendance, respecting the guidance of their superiors, etc. These requirements must be made clear in the selection documents, the contracts and the Code of Conduct. Compensation Payments The census and compensation agreement will indicate whether the affected household has a bank account, which other financial service it uses, the value of the entitlement and its preferences for receiving the monetary compensation. Monetary compensation will preferably be made through duly authorized financial institutions, with preference for traditional bank accounts, cheque, mobile bank accounts (managed by mobile phones) or mobile wallet services offered by mobile operators (e.g. M-pesa, mKesh and e-Mola) observing the following principles: Planning the payment moment Payment of compensation for loss of crops should preferably be made at a time directly related to the preparation of the replacement cultivation areas when the agriculture is for commercial purpose. This serves to ensure that the money is more likely to be used to guarantee the long-term benefits of subsistence agricultural activities. It is recommended that compensation be paid in a single act and as soon as all conditions are created for this purpose, in order to allow the contractor to gain access to the impact corridor quickly. The impacts and costs of temporary interruption of income sources can be minimized through (i) the delivery of compensation (in cash or in kind) for the new income (business / agriculture) before the current income is withdrawn or (ii) the provision of alternative activity in the appropriate area, where the various economic activities can be transferred. In this case, assistance can be provided so that the various activities grow successfully under the new conditions. Payment for loss of income Compensation for temporary loss of income sources (e.g. agricultural and business) will be calculated to cover the period until the affected person has an income again. Payments should be made according to the time the income is suspended. For families that lose a large part of their source of agricultural income, during compensation planning they should be helped to restore the livelihood through the provision of starter packages. Assistance in opening an account
Assistance in opening a mobile account can be provided to households without a bank or mobile account. Assistance in opening an account (bank or mobile) will include advice (on account types, form and transaction costs, security requirements and the non-transferability of security codes, etc.), facilities on opening the account and payment by the project, the respective costs of opening an account and handling cheques and debit cards. It is recommended that an exemption from these costs be negotiated with the operator and that it provides the training/counselling for those affected, or if unavoidable, they be covered by the project.
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If the household does not have enough documents to open an account or transact the cheque (e.g. not driving license or ID card – a voter card is not accepted) assistance will be given, including obtaining the missing requirement, with the costs borne by the project. Assistance in moving money
Vulnerable households with difficulty in travelling to operate a bank or mobile account (e.g. disabled and old people) will be helped to purchase the items they request.
12.4 Post-resettlement As described in Chapter 16, ARAP/PC monitoring will continue even after physical resettlement and payment of compensation. If situations are detected where people may not be adapting or are unable to take advantage of the opportunities offered to them for an adequate recovery of their livelihoods, additional assistance should be given. Districts and municipalities may be involved in rehabilitating PAP livelihoods and in promoting the development of small businesses. SDAE extension workers will also be able to support resettled people in agricultural development, as needed. If necessary, district departments of education and health will be able to coordinate with the relevant provincial directorates to provide teachers and health professionals, respectively, in the host communities.
13 Grievance Redress Mechanism 13.1 Overview A complaint can be defined as a real or perceived problem that can give rise to a grievance. As a general project policy, ANE and MTC will work proactively to avoid grievances by the community and workers during implementation of SATCP. However, there may be events that could give rise to grievances, mainly in the resettlement and works phases. This chapter explains how these will be addressed. 13.2 Procedures for general grievance redress It is important to establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) whenever there is a possibility of risks or negative impacts caused by the project. This mechanism serves to prevent and resolve individual and community complaints, reduce risks, manage expectations and support processes that create positive social changes. Complaints could take the form of specific grievances about impacts or damage considered to have been caused by the project or about access to the project stakeholder participation process. The grievance mechanism was developed with the following objectives:
To build and maintain the trust of all stakeholders; To prevent adverse consequences of failure to properly deal with complaints; and To help identify and manage stakeholder concerns and thus the effective management of associated risks. The GRM is based on the following principles and commitments:
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Accessibility: Ensuring that the GRM is accessible to those who wish to submit a complaint. It includes the ability to submit a verbal complaint;
Dissemination: Dissemination and explanation of the GRM to all external stakeholders. This dissemination will be implemented in a format and language that is easily understood by the local population and / or communicated orally in areas where literacy levels are low;
Transparency: Clarification from the outset as to who should use GRM and assure stakeholders that there will be no costs or fees associated with filing a complaint. Interested parties will be informed that the complaint can be submitted anonymously and that they can request that their identity be kept confidential;
Efficiency: Communicate publicly and set a deadline by which all registered grievances will be answered and ensure that all response times are met. This will help to relieve frustration by letting people know when they can expect to be contacted and/or receive an answer. During critical periods, such as during the project’s construction phase, it is important to have an early (if not immediate) response to sensitive grievances.
Justice: Guarantee the possibility of an appeal in case of disagreement with the action to address the grievance. PIU will establish a Complaints Review Committee to hear appeals.
Written records: Keep written records of all complaints received in a database, to ensure efficient management of the resolution.
Conflicts or grievances may arise when the resettlement/construction process occur without a pre- negotiation process or PROSIR/contractor does not respect the concerns of the PAP’s. Conflicts generally arise from poor communication, inadequate or lack of consultation, inadequate flow of accurate information, or restrictions that may be imposed on people through the implementation of Project activities. Grievances Redress Mechanism will be available for the sub-project affected persons to be able to address their issues and to solve prior to use formal legal grievance system. Through this mechanism, PAP’s will be able to react on any damages occurred during the ESMF and RPF implementation, including aspects related with GBV, SEA and misbehaviour of contractor workers.
Communication strategy may prevent or reduce misunderstanding and grievances, therefore awareness- raising about Project activities will be one of strategy that ANE will adopt. Consultations and negotiations will be carried out with PAPs where there are indications of potential conflicts. Consultants, PROSIR, contractors and engineer have to be aware of managing conflicts and communities to know their rights and obligations, how to obtain legal advice and representation, and how to seek redress against what they regard as unfair practices by PROSIR, contractor or its workers.
The Project Authority in terms of grievances will be the ANE, including its delegation at each province. Project Communication Plans should prioritize awareness-raising about the structures that are available to redress more serious grievances that cannot be addressed satisfactorily locally.
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The project level GRM will be established with multiple channels, to facilitate individuals and communities to voice/express general complaints, queries, and concerns including those not necessarily related to safeguards.
At local level, community leaders will be trained in communication and initial grievances reception. Grievances response at community level will also be linked to the community court system where these have been duly constituted, so that they can be used for resolving as many grievances as possible at local community level.
The proposed project GRM will take into consideration the established community and local-level feedback systems as an entry point, for which the traditional and local leaders will play an important role in receiving and directing complaints for resolution
An affordable and accessible procedure for PAPs settlement of disputes arising from project, the GRM will consider the availability of community and traditional dispute settlement mechanisms and judicial resources. The proposed GRM, will be organized in such a way that it is accessible to all project beneficiaries and surrounding community members potentially affected, with particular attention for the vulnerable groups. The priority of this mechanism is to capture any potential grievance case in its initial stage and be able to address the issues and to solve prior to use formal legal justice system. Once the subproject is defined and the preliminary footprints of the site-specific project are defined, public consultation will be organized within the project area and surrounding community. In these meetings, the affected community will be informed about existence and procedures of the grievance redress mechanism, communication channels, entry points and response timing as well.
The GRM will involve the PLC, representatives of the district government (representatives of the education, health, police, Infra structure and Agriculture sectors) and service provider for GBV, ANE Delegates and HdQ. Through this mechanism, PAPs will be able to complain on any discrimination cases, damages occurred during the works, land acquisition or land use change or any other issue that might arise during project implementation process. A simple and easier system for GRM will be established by PIU and disseminated through ANE Delegation. PIU, has to verify at the time of project implementation, if any of the community members has ownership claims on the property in case this is a public land, where the project needs to expand the agriculture area or change the use of land. A pre-disclosure phase is recommended in cases when PAPs are not identified as they could no longer reside in the expropriated areas (migrated in another region of the country or emigrated abroad). The notification should be done by the implementing Agency through publication of PAPs name at the site-project level or through the local leaders.
The GRM will involve the PLC, representatives of the district government (representatives of the education, health, police, Infra structure and Agriculture sectors) and service provider for GBV, ANE Delegates and HdQ. Through this mechanism, PAPs will be able to complain on any discrimination cases, damages occurred during the works, land acquisition or land use change or any other issue that might arise during project implementation process. A simple and easier system for GRM will be established by PIU and disseminated through ANE Delegation. PIU, has to verify at the time of project implementation, if any of the community members has ownership claims on the property in case this is a public land, where the project needs to expand the agriculture area or change the use of land. A pre-disclosure phase is recommended in cases when PAPs are not identified as they could no longer reside in the expropriated
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) areas (migrated in another region of the country or emigrated abroad). The notification should be done by the implementing Agency through publication of PAPs name at the site-project level or through the local leaders
A Project Liaison Committee (PLC) will be established per district, involving members of localities or villages around the border posts and along the road. It is expected that the community members at local or village community level submit their grievances to be given a solution initial for the local authorities. Wherever possible, grievances should be solved amicably and make use of existing structures to solve it. However, where such approach is not possible, those wishing to express their grievances may do so through the community, family member and administrative post and/or district government, who will consult with the ANE/PIU to determine the validity of claims and rule on the final settlement.
General principles and procedures must be established by the subprojects and publicized, including:
Verbal communication should be in locally relevant languages, but all records of communications must be in Portuguese. Grievance forms should be prepared by ANE HdQ and be available for the delegate at provincial level, PAPs may also log their own documented grievances as they wish; An initial response must be provided to the communities in a recommended period of 10 days. Detailed procedures to redress grievances and the appeal process should be disseminated among PAPs who should be empowered to use them. Measures must thus be put in place to ensure that solutions are reached by consensus based on negotiation and agreement. As appropriate per sub Project area, specific people should be chosen to represent their local communities during the implementation of the SATCP especially for grievance presentation and to accompany the redress process. These men and women will be provided a first level of listening and informal resolution.
The ANE delegate, through the PIU with the assistance of GRM service provider, should create awareness that may also be used for the communication of grievances for informal resolution. Efforts will be made to ensure that it include representatives of women and youth with whom leaders will consult to offer tangible solutions. Formal grievances redress and conflict resolution processes should follow the general steps outlined below:
Step One
If issues of concern with relationships with the PROSIRs, contractors or sub-contractors, neighboring communities or external stakeholders they should be presented to the community leader or to the environmental officer/social facilitator (SF) of the PROSIR/engineer at the site, to try and resolve immediately or as appropriate, to transmit directly to the site meeting for resolution.
The Environmental officer/social facilitator then will submit to the GRM responsible person for registration and it will screen grievances presented to initially decide if the grievance is to be accepted or not. If not, answer shall be given to the offended for clarification and agreement before closure of the grievance.
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Grievances may be resolved directly by the EO/SF of the contractor/PROSIR, but where they require redress via other agencies they should be passed to the to the appropriate level or for ANE Delegation level for recommending solutions accordingly.
Grievance redress may require shorter (max 3 days) or longer (10 days) periods depending on the subject of the complaint.
Step Two
If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the Step One decision, he/she shall forward the case to the PLC attention with a preliminary report prepared by the engineer. The report should contain the details of the grievance and hearing date.
PLC may engage with relevant Government and local authorities to help resolve these problems in such a way that the interests of communities.
It may be necessary for operational reasons at sub-district level to have a multi-sector channel to fairly hear grievances, and respond to issues that may involve more than one sector. The period for informing the aggrieved person of the redress steps must be followed, and the periods expected for redress communicated to them.
Step Three
If the PAP is still dissatisfied with the decision taken after Step Two, he/she shall forward the case to ANE Delegate/ANE HdQ for attention of the PIU. The grievance shall be forwarded with all the documented details of the case to date. Communication with the PIU may also be carried out via community representation on the PLC.
Step Four
If no amicable solution is reached up to Step Three, as an ultimate recourse the aggrieved person may submit the case to the Provincial / District court system to seek reparation. This final step is an option that must always be available (It is right of the PAP that shall be disclosed), but PAPs to be encouraged to use all GRM levels first. Timely communication and open negotiation are the main issues to satisfy the PAPs.
The institutional arrangement and the principles of community consultation and participation that are intrinsic to the project are designed to allow the process to detect and deal with problems in a timely and satisfactory manner for all parties concerned.
If affected communities’ interests are superseded or rendered ineffective by any other government actions in agreements entered into by them provisions exist in most legislation to appeal with sectoral grievances to higher levels of government such as ANE HdQ and MOPHRH. Ultimately, though not usually practiced systematically by many people, all citizens have the right to address complaints to the Public Prosecutor, the institution responsible for ensuring the law is correctly applied, particularly in the elaboration of territorial management instruments and their implementation.
Grievance Register Forms to be provided at local level at publicized sites and via publicly recognized community representatives. Community representatives should be encouraged to explain this entitlement whenever needed and at no time should filing a grievance be discouraged by community
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) representatives, local authorities or Project officers. Each grievance will be captured in the Grievance/Issues Register that must be maintained at ANE PIU and ANE delegate (see Annex VIII). Reports on grievances will be regularly presented at monthly PLC meeting. Grievance reports should track complaints, responses, redress action and close-out of all community grievances with dates and responsible parties clearly indicated. ANE HdQ and Delegation will periodically verify response management and redress through to close-out of each grievance. Each of the following steps should be limited to a maximum of 15 days from receiving a grievance to communicating a decision. Resolution should be sought at the lowest level possible in all cases. The GRM can be summarized in the following chart:
Figure 8: GRM and GVB flowchart 13.3 Gender Based Violence Claim procedures The project intervention aims at facilitating small-scale cross-border trade through infrastructural improvements, policy and procedural reforms, capacity building, an awareness-raising, along with other measures to improve behavior at target border locations and to prevent and mitigate GBV risks. The
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Project Appraisal Document has ranked a GVB/SEA as one of the project risks, are in deep specific risk assessment with a clear identification of the potential point where GVB may happen (campsite, drivers stopping points, lodges, etc.).
For GBV and SEA, the project will contact a service provider that will have the responsibility to establish mechanisms for presentation and assistance to the affected people. The NGO and the project must have multiple complaint channels, and these must be trusted by those who need to use them. Community consultations may be one method to identify effective channels (e.g. local community organizations, health providers, green lines, etc.). A national toll-free phone line system shall be established to allow traders, and especially women, to anonymously report abuses suffered at the border, both via SMS and voice calls, using basic GSM handsets. The system can be linked with the police tall free line where applicable.
When the GRM receives a complaint on GBV/SEA, it will record information on (i) the nature of complaint (what the complainant says in hers/his own words); and, (ii) if, to the best of their knowledge, the survivor believes the perpetrator was associated with the project.
Reports would then be automatically stored in and processed by a cloud-based, open-source platform, and subsequently visualized on a website available in two versions: (i) one open to the public, providing details and updates on the status of each issue, that can be used for monitoring and advocacy purposes; and a (ii) second, private and only accessible through log-in credentials, which offers selected stakeholders, e.g., border agencies, traders’ associations and civil society the opportunity to review and take action on the various issues reported by traders. In order to preserve their privacy and to minimize the risk of retaliation, the system is also designed in such a way that all reports are submitted and reviewed in total anonymity
The GRM should assist GBV survivors by referring them to GBV Services Provider(s) for support immediately after receiving a complaint directly from a survivor (while always maintaining the survivor’s confidentiality). If the survivor needs to be referred to other services, the NGO will provide consistent case-level support and advocacy. The information in the GRM must be confidential especially when related to the identity of the complainant. For GBV, the GRM should primarily serve to: (i) refer complainants to the GBV Services Provider; and (ii) record resolution of the complaint.
The NGO will also sensitize the public on GBV/SEA, raise public awareness about the different entry points to place complaints with the GRM, train stakeholders (PROSIR, contractors, communities, PIU), assist and refer survivors to appropriate service providers, and monitor implementation of the GBV/SEA mitigation and response measures (i.e. that Codes of Conduct for PROSIR, contractors engineer and workers are in place and signed, and that the GRM and PLC are maintaining case confidentiality and acting in conformance with the response protocol).In doing so, the NGO shall partner with the National NGO that are more integrated with the communities.
The support provided to survivors through GBV Services Providers should include: (i) health; (ii) psycho- social; and, (iii) legal support. Any survivor reporting GBV through a reporting mechanism in a World Bank-financed IPF should receive care regardless of whether the perpetrator is known to be associated with the project or not. With regard to the support given to the survivor from the GBV Services Provider, under the survivor-cantered approach the case is only closed when the survivor no longer requires
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The supervision engineer will monitor that the courses for contractors regarding the Code of Conduct obligations and awareness raising activities to the community are in place. The information so gathered will be monitored and reported to the World Bank and other stakeholders by the implementing agency.
14 Budget and Arrangements for Funding Resettlement 14.1 Overview
This chapter outlines the arrangements to fund resettlement. The cost of resettlement was estimated based on current values, factoring in the likelihood that the planned borders and roads will be rehabilitated over the next two years.
14.2 Estimated Costs
The table below shows an estimated total of $ 8,445,847.75 for planning and execution of physical resettlement and to compensate the socio-economic impacts of estimated losses following guidelines in this RPF. The cost estimate is based on assumptions that nine (9) ARAP and one (1) PC will be drawn up to compensate a total of around 130 households physically affected and households economically affected, that will lose residential and commercial structures (50 fences/walls and 230 stalls) and a total of 115 ha of land containing fields (agriculture with scattered fruit, shifting cultivation and rainfed agriculture) - some without crops due to fallow land38.
It should be noted that 59% of the total value is attributed to direct compensation of assets and replacement of houses - please refer to Section 7.1.2.
Many cases will be cash and in-kind compensation for crops and minor property losses due to rehabilitation of roads: lost of trees, residential and commercial structures (walls, granaries, stalls, kiosks), land containing agricultural areas (some without crops due to fallow land)39, etc. However, the budget is weighted by the need for construction of replacement houses in-kind when they are used as primary residences40. For this reason, ARAP mitigation measures will have to be carefully managed to impact as few residential buildings as possible41.
38 Cash compensation will be for the crops and trees. Land will be compensated/replaced in-kind (district authorities will provide alternative land). 39 Compensation will be for the crops and trees. Land itself will not be compensated, however having the districts providing alternative land will be time consume and involve expenses. 40 Replacement of houses and other assets will be based in Ministerial Diploma No. 181/2010, of 3 November, due for the project infrastructures to be of public interest as per the Article 34 of the Resolution 25/2019, of 31 December. 41 This budget demonstrates clearly the rising costs of resettlement in Mozambique and the need to manage PPZ and wayleave areas with much greater attention. It is recommended that ARAPs should make every effort to follow existing alignments and recommended CoI and avoid affecting residential houses causing physical displacement and the need for resettlement. The ARAPs and PC may be grouped in a way consistent with civil works contracts. This will ensure consistency in timing and approach.
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The amount of compensation will vary by ARAP/PC, depending on the distribution of assets and livelihoods that will be lost. Some costs on the table below have unit values per each district or ARAP/PC of subproject, and others are aggregated by provinces.
It will be important for the ARAP/PC to show that every effort has been made to avoid locations where the road/border posts will affect private structures or crops: houses, stalls, agricultural areas, etc.
The following table provides a summary of the cost estimate. Table 21 - Estimate of the Project’s Resettlement and Compensation Planning and Implementation Costs Unit Costs Source of Item Description Unite Quant Total (US$) (US$) Finance Management, organization and A Provinces 5 30,000.00 150,000.00 Project supervision Preparation of ARAP/PC by Social B ARAP/PC 10 90,000.00 900,000.00 Project Consultants C1 Implementation of ARAP/PC by PROSIR ARAP/PC 10 100,000.00 1,000,000.00 Project
C2 Assistance to vulnerable people ARAP/PC 10 15,000.00 150,000.00 Project Establishment and operation of district D Districts 15 10,000.00 150,000.00 Project resettlement committees Training of coordination and local monitoring team (AT, Immigration, E Provinces 5 7,000.00 35,000.00 Project Agriculture, etc.) and support partners (DPTA, SDPI, etc.) Operation of GRM, GBV and COVID-19 mitigation measures by PROSIR during F ARAP/PC 10 7,000.00 70,000.00 Project procurement to contract specific Service Provider for GRM, GBV
G1 Construction of replacement houses Houses 129 35,000.00 4,515,000.00 Proponent
Monetary compensation measures (crops, G2 Lump 1 508,043.41 508,043.41 Proponent good / physical property)
H External evaluation by MTA or Consultant ARAP/PC 5 40,000.00 200,000.00 Project I Contingencies 10% 767,804.34 Project OVERALL TOTAL IN USD 8,445,847.75
The details of the costs are: Line A: Management, organization and supervision (PIU / ANE). o Cost of travelling to monitor the field activities by central and delegation team of ANE/RAT, AT, Immigration, Agriculture, etc. No budget is considering to recruit new internal staff since human resources will be shared with those planned at the ESMF of SATCP and other projects simultaneously implemented by ANE implementing agency,
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mainly with Integrated Feeder Road Development Project (IFRDP - Project code P158231). Line B: Preparation of ARAPs/PC by Social Consultants. o Preparation of 9 ARAPs and 1 PC by Social Consultants, including community consultation and district government participation in assessing assets for the preparation of plans. The unit cost is per ARAP and consider extensive field survey identifying measures to prevent resettlement impacts, however, for cost saving PIU may hire one Social Consultant to prepare simultaneously up to two ARAPs close each other as per the recommendation of total providers for ARAP elaboration shown in Table 18 - Estimation of type of safeguard instruments and service providers required. Line C1: Implementation of ARAP/PC by PROSIR. o Implementation of 9 ARAPs and 1 PC by service providers (PROSIR). Includes community training and consultation as well as participation by district government. Same approach of cost saving described above for Line B is applicable. Line C2: Provision of assistance to vulnerable people by PROSIR and PIU. Line D: Establishment and operation of district resettlement committees, including training of its members by PROSIR/RAT. Line E: Training o For a service provider or ANE/RAT central to train social facilitators of coordination and local monitoring team (AT, Immigration, Agriculture, etc.) and support partners (DPTA, SDPI, etc.) on resettlement. Also, ANE/RAT staff travel to the delegations, for supervision and on-the-job training is included. The unit cost is low considering some trainings may be conducted together with the environmental and social trainings budgeted under the ESMF. Line F: Management of GRM, GBV and COVID-19 mitigation measures by Social Consultant/PROSIR o For social risks management (GRM, GBV and COVID-19) during elaboration and implementation of resettlement while PIU conduct procurement process for dedicated service providers to establish, disseminate and operate GRM and GBV (please note ARAP/PC begin before construction itself). It may be used, as well, to cover travels of ANE/RAT team to monitor and ask reinforcement of GRM, GBV and COVID 19. o The cost estimated in Line F is low considering additional budget is planned at Project ESMF, to hire specific service providers. Resources will also be shared with IFRDP where applicable. Line G1: Construction of replacement houses o For contractors to build approximately 130 in-kind replacement dwellings considering a unit cost of USD 35.000. o Although they will be a challenge to manage, the cost estimates are based on averages from urban and rural resettlement in the country. The unit cost will vary by ARAP/PC, depending on fluctuation of prices of construction material within the districts affected. Of note is that the market for house replacement cost is highest Tete where there are influential private sector precedents. In Niassa roads (Cuamba) and at all border posts (Milange, Zóbuè, Calómuè, Cassacatiza and Ponta do Ouro) the distance to the source markets of construction material (ex. cement and iron) increases the cost of construction
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material. This is also negatively impacted by the low condition of connectivity, except for Ponta do Ouro where the road has good condition. o The economic impact of COVID 19 pandemic is also increasing inflation, affecting the price of construction material42. Line G2: Monetary and in-kind compensation measures for trees, crops, physical and commercial goods/properties, and interrupted income. The estimate is based on assumptions that 10% of the total land corridors (both linear and not linear) to be occupied by the project is occupied by crops or other community assets. This provision intends to cover also project associate facilities - campsite, borrow pits, etc. Line H: External evaluation o Cost of external evaluation of implementation of resettlement and compensation plans to assess progress and impacts at the end of the project. Line I: The 10% contingency is estimated to cover any variation in the costs estimated in this RPF.
14.3 Sources of Resettlement Finance World Bank funds may be used for ARAP/PC elaboration, management and supervision costs, and for facilitators of resettlement implementation, monitoring and all compensation and mitigation measures except for the payment of cash compensation. This must come from the proponent's own funds. Resettlement plans involve the construction of replacement houses along the villages affected by the road/border posts, as close as possible to the places of residence affected by the project and compensation payment. They will be financed by the Proponent.
The cost estimate presented in this RPF will be updated as the ARAP/PC are produced and implemented.
15 PAP Consultation and Participation 15.1 Overview Consultation and participation by affected communities and persons is an essential element of the land acquisition, compensation and resettlement process. This chapter describes the public consultation already begun and still to be carried for resettlement under the project.
15.2 Consultation During the Preparation of the RPF
The preparation of the RPF and the ESMF launched the public consultation and participation process under the project.
42 COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic reached Mozambique at a weak moment in its economic history, as the country attempted to recover from two major shocks: the hidden debt crisis initiated in 2016 and the devastating effects of cyclones Idai and Kenneth in 2019. In https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique/overview, visited in 10.10.2020.
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Due to the restrictions imposed by COVID-19, the meetings were phased and held in small groups. Other meetings were conducted remotely, and these meetings aimed to present the project and obtain the perceptions of stakeholders.
The consultation meetings allowed interaction with a total of 320 people, in which 258 were men and 62 women (see table below), involving key representants of the affected communities (community members, heads of localities and local leaders), Non-Governmental Organizations representing vulnerable groups, district services (Planning and Infrastructure, Economic Activities, Administrative Posts), customs, tax authority, agriculture, polices, ANE, EDM, etc (see Annex II – Attendance register of the ).
Table 22: Place, date, and number of participants Number of participants Place Date Total Men Women Maputo From 30.07.2020 to 07.08.2020 14 12 2 Zambézia 18.08.2020 12 1 11 Tete From 03 to 06.08.2020 21 14 7 Nampula From 06 to 19.08.2020 273 231 42 Total of Attendees 320 258 62
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Figure 9: Example of in-person meetings In addition to the face-to-face meetings, the consultant had remote meeting with Civil Society Organizations representing vulnerable groups, to present the project and have their comments and suggestions.
The meetings started with a printed presentation made by the consultants (see Annex III – Project presentation provided to the Potential PAPs and Other Stakeholders during below), aiming to have the PAPs and other stakeholders to be familiarized by the project and purpose of the meetings.
The meetings were governed by the following agenda: Introduce the SATC Project to the stakeholders. Discuss the objective and expected results of the meetings. Provide description and location of the project. Explain about ESMF and RPF preparation methodology. Explain potential environmental and social impacts. Prospect impact mitigation measures. Discuss Complaints Resolution Mechanism (GRM); Collect contributions from Stakeholders (Interested and/or Affected Parties); Explain subsequent steps. After the presentation, participants were invited to comment and ask questions or make contributions, which are listed in Annex I (Minutes of Meeting). Key issues raised by the PAPs and local stakeholders, including vulnerable groups on the border post subcomponent are:
We expect the project to extend its scope to include rehabilitation of the main road from Chifunde district to Cassacatiza border post. This will boost transport of goods (cargo and passengers) including tourists. In order to ensures a smooth and efficient compensation process always communicate with local leaders. I would like community leaders to be involved in all aspects of the project, as they are the link with the community. Our district is a tourist point. During the implementation of the project we would like to see environmental and social issues safeguarded to have as small impact as possible - issue raised in Ponta do Ouro.
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It is necessary to create employment opportunities locally and ensure that workers' rights are respected. Due to their vulnerability (customs duties) and lack of awareness of their rights, women are sometimes harassed by border post officials as a way of mitigating the situation, they ask for an anonymous mechanism to report a similar situation. The expectations raised in the border post subcomponent by the NGO Associação de Mulheres para Desenvolvimento de Milange (AMUDEM), a women association that focus on health, education and agriculture, as well as to assist and provide psychological help to victims of GVB and SEA in Milange are:
Women suggest building a bridge before the border, because the current one gets flooded during season, what force road users (especially women) to use alternative routes to reach their destination, which demands many additional hours of travel. If the bridge is built, it will facilitate internal movement and also for Malawi. Women will be able to do their business more easily and at less cost. The participants have shown concern about the environmental impacts for the houses and the fields close to border post and recommended that if any of the house has to move a compensation shall be considered. With the improvement of the border post, the waiting time is expected to be reduced, speeding up the customs clearance process. with this improvement, they also expect the costs applied for these processes to be reduced. A recommendation has been made with regard to GVB and SEA that hired workers should not become involved in premature marriages, and even with older women, because after the end of the project the worker will return to his or her origin and leave unwanted children without assistance. They also recommended that the project should have a mechanism to prevent sexual harassment of young boys and girls (rape). They suggest that the project should have sanctions and penalties for anyone who commits these acts and is associated with the project. For employment, women declare that the project should give priority to the local workforce and not to people from other communities. It is important that the project helps women to improve their income by recommended that 50% of employment be available to women. It is important to protect children. This should be included in a commitment or regulation. In cases where the land is to be occupied by the project, the affected people must be paid to rent land or build elsewhere. It is important to have a social responsibility component, in order to help vulnerable children with their studies.
Within the border posts concerns were raised also by managers and staff: It is necessary to define who will manage the border services with an organization chart of who does what after whom. With the project, we hope to include facilities for veterinary services, car inspection services (car customs clearance); Cassacatiza and Chifunde managers hope to see a fence crossing the border post. This will stop smuggling of cargo and goods and will increase the income to government. Life at border post area is too sedentary. Staff is asking for a gym, what will help them to train and keep themselves tough as they are paramilitary. Housing is another issue to be considered for border police, customs and migration staff.
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Key issues raised by the local stakeholders on the road subcomponent are: We are happy because this road will energize good production and transportation along the Nacala Corridor. This will contribute locally to community development and above all, will ensure productivity increases and our populations household’ income. This project must consider road safety, mainly safeguarding children, cyclists, and people in the local markets/trade fairs along the road. Please include signals to highlight children crossing the road. In Corrane they asked for specific road lanes for cyclists. Incorporate community problem-solving methods to project GRM to ensure safeguard of community interests. Respect all local cultural and beliefs to avoid shocks. The Corrane and Iapala communities requested to perform traditional ceremonies prior to the commence of the project, to ensure that it is implemented without any problems according to local beliefs. Always inform local leaders and communities about the project’s intentions and progress. Request resettlement host area at local leadership and deliver a fair compensation. Provide fair compensation for those affected by the project. Consult local leadership to provide alternative areas to host relocated people within the affected village. Please provide employment for local people and involve local leaders in the selection of candidates.
The consults conducting specialist E&S studies for the Project in similar period with the elaboration of the RPF and ESMF (road subcomponent) have done further public consultation aiming to obtain more women and local NGOs/OCBs expectations. Detailed results are provided in their report. In summary, the following expectation were registered:
Pregnant women will be able to be transported more quickly to the health facilities in the City of Nampula as the road will have better circulation conditions, and travel time will be reduced. There is risk to increase GBV and SH. Women will engage in SH with workers due to their economic vulnerability. There is risk to increase sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies and marital conflicts. Policy against sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labor, shall be adopted. It is important to involve community leaders in planning and implantation of the project (ex. in GRM, GBV, etc). Awareness meetings involving men and women shall be conducted. Awareness sessions on HIV and other STIs shall be promoted. Women shall be recruited for relevant areas; and a good working environment for women created. Working shifts (working hours) shall be flexible for women so that they can also perform domestic and agricultural activities. Also recruit trained women in some areas to team up with women hired locally. Key positions (skilled) shall also be filled by women (even if recruited outside the community) since the local women prefer to have other women as line manager. Measures shall be defined to safeguard and protect community members, especially the most vulnerable (pregnant women and children). Measures shall be implemented to prevent and combat COVID spread.
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The draft RPF, ESMF and ESMP were sent by email to Civil Society Organizations to obtain their expectation about the project as well as recommendation on how to manage environmental and social risks and impacts, including GRM, GBV, SEA, etc. In this regard, in September 15, 2020, the consultants received comments from the Carlos Manjate, representing the NGO Rede CAME. Rede CAME is an organization that protects children abuse and exploitation.
The expectations raised by Rede CAME are:
Recall that corridors are among the most important areas for social and economic development for those who does not have access to transport, it facilitates movement of people and goods among the countries and within the communities itself. On the other hand, the corridors increase the means of transports (trucks and buses etc.), which then increases the irregular migration from undeveloped area to the corridor. OIM (2006) identified the Malawi as one of the main corridors for human trafficking to Europe and also from Malawi to South Africa via Ponta do Ouro. In these areas young exploitation, special girl/women are a serious problem. The vulnerability does not allow the victims to protect themselves, however, enhances the sexual harassment for those how have power. In secret without possibility to claim and afraid to get sanction the victims continues to be exploited. Therefore, for this project we recommend undertaking a baseline studies for this phenomenon within project area and show the evolution of the problem during the course of the project. ANE, shall guarantee that all contractor, subcontractor, engineer, and all service provider /supplies workers be signing a code of conduct on GVB and SEA.
Employment and fair compensation are the most common expectation raised in many meetings.
The recommendations and expectations of the stakeholders and potential PAPs were considered in the preparation of the RPF and the identification of options for mitigating the Project’s displacement impacts and manage social risks (GBV, Labor influx, GRM, etc.). Some of the expectations are currently out of the Project and RPF scope (inclusion of new bridge, new road and new road lane for cyclists). They were forward for ANE which will assess its viability to include in the Project during detailed design. If possible to include (especially the bridge which is more feasible) it will be added to component 2 or 3.
The RPF will be submitted for clearance by the Government of Mozambique and the World Bank prior to disclosure locally in a language that stakeholders and PAPs understand (Portuguese43) and also disclosed in the World bank external website.
15.3 Preparation of the ARAP/PC The ARAP/PC preparation process is participatory and consultative. A stakeholder analysis will be prepared identifying the stakeholders based on their interests, powers and impact of the project on them. Consultations will need to be meaningful, informed and inclusive of all groups of PAPs and stakeholders (women, men youth, vulnerable groups, institutional stakeholders, NGOs/CBOs, etc.) and the ARAP/PC
43 Generally, those who read in the vernacular languages also read in Portuguese, language of learning.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) will need to document the issues raised by participants and responses provided along with their incorporation into the project design and in the mitigation measures. Details can be in an annex. Through consultations, potential conflicts and social organizations and communication channels for complaints will be identified. Consultations and negotiations will be held with all PAP who will lose assets as a result of project activities, to determine their eligibility and preferences for compensation and participation in alternative livelihood development opportunities. The census of assets will cover 100% of the PAP and will be participatory. The teams involved in developing the ARAP/PC will consult the PAP, local leaders and authorities during this phase, in order to identify: Acceptable compensation alternatives and solutions; Indicators for monitoring livelihood recovery after compensation, if there are PAP with losses above 10%.
15.4 Consultation during Resettlement Implementation and Follow-up Consultation and participation of affected communities and people are an essential element in the acquisition of land and the resettlement implementation process. Delivery of compensation and additional assistance, including monitoring, will be developed in a participatory manner.
15.4.1 Communication and Awareness Raising Plan In order to disseminate relatively uniform information among the different affected communities, it is recommended that a Communication and Awareness Guide (or Plan) be prepared in the project. The guide should highlight information about project activities, procedures and rights to compensation, to promote dialogue and minimize misunderstandings and complaints. The guide should emphasize the importance of ensuring that women and vulnerable PAPs are also consulted and that they participate actively in project decisions. This communication approach to the implementation of compensation must be developed by the PIU through PROSIR and needs approval by ANE. The Communication Guide should consider both written and oral mechanisms, communicated by local radio, at community liaison meetings, at community campaigns (eg. HIV awareness), through the local chiefs, village committees and other channels to be assessed during the preparation of the guide considering the local conditions (defined by the availability of resources). The topics to be communicated will vary depending on the progress of the work / resettlement, and should include:
Dut-off date; Eligibility criteria and compensation matrix Schedule of the construction work and resettlement activities GRM and its communication channels Any traditional ceremonies to be held Land use restrictions in the wayleaves Risk of accidents associated with works Raising awareness about land use restrictions Restrictions and care under road reserve - awareness about accident risks.
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16 Monitoring and Evaluation Systems 16.1 Overview Monitoring and evaluation will be the main mechanisms for alerting the proponent to any delays or problems and will help to measure the extent to which the main objectives of the RPF and the ARAP/PCs (including livelihood restauration goals) have been achieved. Monitoring will be internal and evaluation external44.
16.2 Principles The general objective of monitoring resettlement and compensation is to make an assessment of the process in order to determine whether:
affected people were paid in full and before the implementation of the project activities; PAP have a better standard of living than before, if their standard of living is unchanged, or if they are more in need than before; grievances were handled effectively and in a timely manner; the vulnerability assistance was adequate; livelihood restoration measures were effective. In order to assess whether these objectives are met, the ARAP/PC should indicate the parameters to be monitored, establish monitoring frameworks and provide the necessary resources to carry out monitoring activities. An important indicator is the type, absence or prevalence of conflicts.
16.3 Monitoring Processes The activities covered in any written agreement between ANE and community representatives will be monitored together. Communities will be able to participate in identifying indicators for the ARAP/PC, which will permit the early identification of vulnerable groups or families, so that redress or assistance can be provided. Communities will participate in the external evaluation of the compensation results. At community level, Community Committees and, where they do not exist, local leaders will be the main local structures involved in monitoring. PROSIR will collect information confirm it with Community Committees, local leaders, and authorities and report to ANE through progress reports. When possible, they will ensure a direct response to local issues highlighted by the monitoring process and/or transmit the information to MTC/ ANE. The PIU and its environmental and social safeguards will be responsible for the internal monitoring and supervision of the ARAP/PC, on behalf of MTC/ANE. They will keep a record of information from monitoring the plans. PROSIR will periodically monitor the status of vulnerable groups and families through consultation. The continuous monitoring of the results and functioning of the GRM will be the responsibility of the actors identified in Chapter 13, starting from the base with the PAP, and including all levels involved in receiving and managing grievance redress. Progress reports, which assess the effectiveness of the system as well as report the number and nature of complaints, deadlines for resolution and pending cases, will
44 Monitoring aims to correct implementation methods in the course of the project, as and when needed, while evaluation aims to verify that statutory requirements have been met and provide lessons learned to change strategies and implementation with a long-term perspective.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) help the PIU to understand the system’s trends in the work and impacts, and will be able to respond to negative statements in time. A final external audit of resettlement results is an important source of information to ensure that the resettlement process has been completed and that livelihoods are properly restored. Process and impact audits can be useful mechanisms for learning lessons and improving compensation practices. Issues such as leadership, representation, equality and treatment of individuals vulnerable to particular difficulties, will be addressed through this process. It will be essential to have a capacity check on how to use monitoring and evaluation for adaptive management decisions and a good communication flow.
16.4 Frequency of monitoring The ARAP/PC will identify the frequency of monitoring, that could be:
Table 23 - Frequency of monitoring Type of Frequency Responsible verification Internal Monthly PROSIR monitoring External Semi- MTA, independent evaluator evaluation annually or (consultant) annually
16.5 Indicators The ARAP/PC will indicate the parameters to be monitored, the institutional follow-up goals, and the necessary resources to carry out monitoring activities. They portray two fundamental socio-economic objectives that will make it possible to measure success: Whether the affected persons, families and communities are able to maintain their quality of life prior to the project, and if they subsequently manage to improve it; Whether local communities continue to support the project. Various indicators should be used to determine the situation of affected persons before and after resettlement interventions, including livelihood restauration. Household survey is the key source of baseline data. Monitoring shall include the type of activity carried out/sources of livelihood, land being used, housing pattern, family income levels, access to services, number of children in school, health standards and other social characteristics. Other important indicators that should be used are the absence or prevalence of conflicts and the type of conflicts, etc. The standard of living indicators is compared to the baseline data collected in the socio-economic study, if it is carried out, and to the PAP census and inventory. The focus is on the results of delivering compensation, oriented towards living standards, the maintenance or initiation of new means of income, the satisfaction of PAPs. Depending on the magnitude of the resettlement, the monitor indicators may include:
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Type of activity carried out, land being used, housing pattern, family income levels, number of children in school, health standards, etc. Resettlement Committee for the area established and operational Resettlement Monitoring Committee established and operational Public meetings held Census completed Social facilitators indicated/ hired / assigned Communication campaign to raise awareness about resettlement PAP verified Complete inventories of assets Grievance and redress system in place and operational Monitoring systems operational Resettlement locations and land area selected Housing and related infrastructure complete Compensation paid Timely information Livelihood restored External evaluations carried out and reports submitted Periodical improvements to the resettlement program in response to monitoring and evaluation reports All grievances addressed/ corrected within the stipulated time period Approval of the Final Report of the Resettlement Monitoring Committee authorizing work to begin in previously occupied areas.
17 Environmental and Social Specifications for the Implementing agencies, Social Consultant and PROSIR 17.1 General requirements The MCT and ANE employees, direct stakeholders involved in project implementation (AT, Immigration, etc.), service providers involved in the preparation and implementation of the ARAP/PC (PROSIR) and their contractors and subcontractors involved in the project, must comply with the specifications of the ESMF, ESIA and ESMP, among other binding documents. Within their tasks, they must seek environmental protection, occupational and community health and safety, including COVID prevention, gender equality, child protection, assistance to vulnerable people (including people with disabilities), preventing the influx of workers, gender-based violence and children, HIV / AIDS and include stakeholder engagement in the planning and execution of compensation activities in compliance to the ESMF requirements. They should: 1. Protect the health and safety of local communities, with special attention to the disabled, the elderly or other vulnerable people; 2. Be informed on the COVID prevention methods disseminated by the government and all requirement that may be abide to the project and comply with them. 3. Be intolerant and apply disciplinary measures to offenders, including rapists of women, children and perpetrators of sexual harassment and gender based violence;
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4. Include a gender perspective and provide an enabling environment where women and men have equal opportunities to participate in and benefit from project planning, development and compensation; 5. Work in cooperation, including with beneficiaries of the project works, competent authorities, contractors and local communities; 6. Involve and listen to affected people and organizations and respond to their concerns, with special attention to vulnerable, disabled and elderly people; 7. Provide an environment that promotes the exchange of information, views and ideas without any fear of retaliation.
17.2 COVID-19, Control and contingency measures
The SCs and PROSIRs must compile Control Measures, Emergency Preparedness and Planning Procedure for COVID-19. The procedure has to be approved by ANE as a condition for starting field activities with the PAPs. This shall be tailored to the local context and clearly specify the measures to be adopted in different situation the team will be exposed to, ex:
In general, and in working context; o Compulsive and correct use of masks. o Encourage the use of cough etiquette (a series of actions to take when coughing or sneezing, which are designed to reduce the spread of respiratory illness to other). o Promote frequent hand washing, including by providing a place to wash hands within the premises (for workers and visitors). If soap and running water are not immediately available, provide hand sanitizer - 70% alcohol. o Prohibit body contact, such as hand shaking, hugging and kissing. Promote ways to greet people without touching. o Each jobsite shall have cleaning and decontamination facilities and in place; o Discourage touching eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. o Practice routine cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched objects and surfaces. o Employees who are well but who have a sick family member at home with COVID-19 should notify their supervisor. o All worker shall be sure to use his/her own water bottle and do not share; In public consultation, as well as to interact with the PAPs; o Where possible book outdoor meetings; o Before meeting with communities, confirm they have no symptoms of COVID or that they have no positive sick relatives. o Ensure that everyone has masks and is well worn. o Face-to-face interactions or meetings must obey the maximum number of people legislated by the decree in force about COVID. o Encourage workers suspected to be contaminated not attend work or have any interaction with community member and report immediately to the site supervisor. o Encourage the use of cough etiquette. o Advise all (workers and invited PAPs) who are positive for COVID 19 to remain at home, report immediately to supervisor and not attend in any session. o Practice physical distancing, maintaining 1.5m between participants. For small group meetings devise ways of having meetings which allow the group to maintain social distancing but continue to function as a group, e.g., semi-circle arrangements.
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o In case of household visit, do not enter the household. Conduct discussions from the doorway where possible. Hold discussions with one or only a few members of the household. o After the Face-to-Face Interaction or Meeting, retain the names and contact details of all participants for at least one month. This will help trace people who may have been exposed to COVID-19 if one or more participants become ill shortly after the event. When working in areas of community transmission (in communities with high levels of contamination and transmission for COVID 19); o Comply with all preventive and control measures above and below with much care. o If possible, provide masks N95 or P2 o When possible, reduce the activities that require physical interaction and its duration To address suspected case within the team; For the purpose of this RPF, suspected cases are those that have been in contact with positive cases and have symptoms of COVID 19. They shall: o Communicate to supervisor; o See a doctor. o Stay in sick leave, in quarantine at home, even if he/she feel that their symptoms are mild. o Recommend to monitor your health, including making temperature checks at least twice a day; o Comply with all preventive and control measures above and below with much care. To address confirmed case within the team. o Interrupt temporarily activities of the whole team and the members be in quarantine following health authority’s recommendation - they may work only from home; . Due for the above, it is important to have various teams that their members do not have physical interaction with members of other teams (ex. during census for ARAP), o Communicate supervisor and from him/her up to ANE about the incident and interruption of activities; o Assess the risk (ex. of being lynched due to be accused of spreading diseases at local community) and use better approach to communicate as soon as possible to the local community with whom the team had interactions in the past 15 days; o The health authorities shall be informed of the “contacts” that have been with the confirmed case; o Carry out thorough cleaning and disinfection car, workplace facilities, etc. where the confirmed case had been; For communication with relevant stakeholders: employer, workers, health authorities, local community, etc. (ex. Unexpected interruption of activities, occurrence of any incidents, etc.) o Make emergency contacts available in the event of a suspicion. For monitoring and reporting o At each job briefing/tool box talk, asked employees if they are experiencing any symptoms, know some reportable event, etc. o Insert COVID items in monitoring form; o Monitor the implementation of the above measures and knowledge of the team in daily base. To communicate the procedures to the workers o Frequent trainings and toolboxes for all employees for an effective implementation of procedures to minimize the dissemination of COVID.
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o Reproduce and fix information of good practices in places accessible to workers, ex, for: hand washing, how to use mask etc. o Make sure that workers know the steps to follow in case of possible contamination.
17.3 Influx of workers Many social impacts are difficult to remedy/correct. The pre-existing social conditions in the host community can easily be exacerbated by even a modest influx of workers. Influx can lead to risks related to the spread of communicable diseases, sexual harassment, gender-based violence, local price inflation, illicit behavior, crime, etc. In order to avoid these influx-related impacts, as well as maximize the project’s positive social impacts at the local level, the entities involved in the resettlement process must: Design a transparent recruitment process and one that does not discriminate (e.g. based on family status, ethnicity, race, sex, religion, language, marital status, place of birth, age, disability or political affiliations). Recruitment of women should be promoted; Give priority to employing people from local communities (residents of the places where the projects are implemented), especially for semi-qualified and unqualified positions (interviewers, social facilitators, etc.); The recruitment process must be transparent and, whenever possible, carried out in coordination with local leaders and linked to the stakeholder engagement process and the grievance and complaints mechanism.
17.4 Responsibilities of Social Consultant and PROSIR The functions of the agency that facilitates the preparation of the ARAP/PC should include: Promoting the planning principles reflected in national legislation, in OP 4.12 and in this RPF and endorsed by ANE. This step will include involving communities in planning and implementing interventions and using acceptable conflict resolution mechanisms. Ensuring that particular attention is paid to the needs of vulnerable groups, especially those living below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women living without other family members, and children. Ensuring that physical and economic displacement or restricted access to natural resources does not occur before the necessary compensation measures are in place, including payment of compensation and other displacement assistance needed. Providing PAP with timely and relevant information, consulting them on their options, and offering opportunities to participate in planning, implementation and monitoring.
The functions of the agency that facilitates implementation of the ARAP/PC should include guaranteeing, but not being limited to, the following: Adequate design of awareness raising materials on the resettlement and compensation process, and developing and implementing a communication strategy, when necessary. That social facilitators have adequate training to perform their functions. Situational assessments, planning and implementing communication strategies are carried out. Documentation of the entire process, carried out transparently. Public meetings to inform and update the ARAP/PCs. The delivery of entitlement compensation before construction works.
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When applicable, monitoring and follow-up carried out together with the PAP, to verify their rapid recovery of their living conditions and social networks, for example, through: Needs analysis and support for vulnerable families; Training in alternative livelihood skills / techniques, when applicable; Basic health, hygiene and nutrition training; and, Support for community organization and leadership training. Coordination between local ANE delegations, ANE/RAT and PIU to identify and provide training and support needs, when applicable. Use of complaints channels monitored by social facilitators and their effective use by affected parties facilitated, in such a way that compensation by ANE or other designated parties is provided in a timely manner.
17.5 Individual Code of Conduct There must be a satisfactory code of conduct for workers, with duties for all project collaborators (including service providers involved in planning and implementing resettlement / compensation, home building contractors, etc.). The code should at least address the following issues. Additional obligations may be included to address specific concerns for the region, location or specific project requirements. Issues to be addressed include:
• Compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; • Compliance with applicable health and safety requirements (including measures to be taken to prevent COVID-19 spready, the use of prescribed personal protective equipment, accident prevention, and the duty to report the existence of conditions or practices that represent a safety risk or threaten the environment); • Ban on the use of illegal substances; • No discrimination (e.g. based on family status, ethnicity, race, sex, religion, language, marital status, birth, age, disability or political belief); • Mode of interaction with members of the community (e.g. convey an attitude of respect and non- discrimination); • Preventing Violence Against Children (VAC) and Gender Based Violence (GBV) - Specific Code of Conduct to address GBV and VAC is provided in the ESMF; • Preventing and combating sexual harassment (e.g. prohibit the use of language or behavior that is inappropriate, offensive, abusive, sexually provocative, humiliating or culturally inappropriate, especially for women and children); • No violence or exploitation (e.g. prohibit the exchange of money, employment, for sex, goods or services, including sexual favors or other forms of humiliating or exploitative behavior); • Protecting children (including prohibiting abuse or other unacceptable behavior with children, limiting interaction with children and ensuring their safety in project areas); • Sanitation requirements (for example, ensure that workers use specified sanitation facilities provided by the employer and not indiscriminate areas) • Preventing conflicts of interest (benefits from contracts, or employment, or any type of preference or favors, are not provided to anyone with whom there is a financial, family or personal connection); • Respecting reasonable work instructions (including on environmental and social standards); • Protection and proper use of property (e.g. prohibiting theft, carelessness or waste)
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• Duty to report violations of this Code; • No retaliation against workers who report violations of the Code, if the complaint is made in good faith. • The Code of Conduct must be a short document, written in simple language and translated into local languages, where applicable, and signed by each worker to indicate that they: o Received a copy of the Code; o Received an explanation about the Code; o Recognize that adherence to this Code of Conduct is a condition of employment; and o Recognize that violations of the Code can result in serious consequences, up to and including dismissal, or referral to legal authorities.
Code of Conduct template is provided in the ESMF.
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Annexes
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Annex I – Minutes of Meeting Under the Public Participation Process (PPP)
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MATRIX OF QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS R686/687, Nampula – Corrane Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based The road R686/687, Nampula – Corrane, have an extension of 55.13km and 6.5m on the summary of the wide. This road benefits of periodic maintenance performed by ANE - Nampula comments of the interested Delegation. The last closer maintenance was held on 2014. It is important to and affected parties highlight that this road is adjacent to ground along its route, situation that makes it temporary road; it can be used at dry season. The road will energize personnel and cargo transportation between both Nampula and Rapale districts, contributing for the local development. Is there any problem- To face land usurpation, agriculture products robberies and physical aggression solving methods or conflicts, we have a conflict management committee in where our local leaders management at your (Regulations, Cabos and neighborhood secretary) are part of it. These community? committees are responsible for safeguarding populations and mediate conflicts in our community. Thus, we would like to have these committees integrated on interaction of conflicts management between the project and our community. What are the issues you I would like to see our community integrated on the project. We would like to would like to be addressed ask you to contract our young people for employment when the project come from the project as part of to our community. social responsibility package If somehow the project affects our populations, we would like to see them during its execution? compensated with the really value of their goods. I suppose that this road will ensure personnel movement and facilitate transport of goods for sale in town. Thus, I would like to ask for outer lane in the road to ensure cyclists and motorcyclists users safeguard. They are frequent users. Does your community have Since I was appointed as secretary of the neighborhood, the other project a labor recruitment centre? managers meet and coordinate with local community leaders that indicate How the recruitment would qualified young people that the project will need. be done to assist the Few years back, during the rehabilitation of the road Nampula – Liupo, we were project? recruiting labor for that project for example. In case of compensation and Yes, there is land we can use to host resettled communities. All we need to do resettlement process, is is arrange a meeting with our local leaders that will organize a meeting in your there a land to presence with some of the community members, to find land field that will host accommodate people and all people affected by the project. infrastructures? There is enough land. What additional concerns When the project activities start, we have to advise the project leaders to and recommendations contact community local leaders, (mwenes, regulations, neighborhood would you like to present to secretaries, religious leaders) to perform ceremonies that will ensure good influence the project project performance. performance and minimize We advise the workers to respect local community while they perform their its impact? tasks to avoid conflicts.
R1156 Namialo - Imala Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based The road R1156 Namialo - Imala, have an extension of 55km and connect on the summary of the Namialo (via N1 close to Lúrio river) to Imala headquarter through R697 road. comments of the interested During rainy season, it is very difficult to cross by due to several issues: there is and affected parties a section where water flow crossing the road and need draining system (box
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Questions/Comments Response/Remark culvert) and other sections with water drainage (box culvert) full of sand and/or damaged (please see photographic report for reference). Due to insufficient funds, this road had its last maintenance intervention on 2008, which was done by World Vision. This is a tertiary road connecting to Nacala Corridor and needs rehabilitation to improve traffic conditions to users looking at its traffic quantity and its importance connecting Namialo district with Imala community. The rehabilitation will energize products, people and goods flow from the very productive Imala community to Nacala Port and vice-versa. Is there any problem-solving The reports are conveyed to local leader and the local headquarter office that methods or management at mediate the conflicts which most cases have to do with land field usurpation your community? (when one plant on somebody´s else land), robberies and even physical aggressions. We have head situations where people from different communities fight for a land and kill each other. As local leaders, we resolve and mediate small issues. Bigger problems we send to headquarter office. What are the issues you When we hear about projects of this size, we know there will be affected people. would like to be addressed Our major concern is: in case people is affected, will they be compensated for from the project as part of their losses? Are they going to be given other land to continue with their social responsibility package activities and agriculture? during its execution? We would be very happy if our young people are contracted as labor for the project. Even for small jobs like cutting trees, caring and organizing cement and other goods and any other activities that they could be able to comply with. We hope the engineers will design a safety road for our community, specially children’s that somehow must cross the road to schools, even adults using the road as we use a lot of bicycles and motorcycles for good transportation from home to the village market and other places. Other area of concern is the local markets/trade fairs on the road. Since rehabilitation will allow high speed, the risk will increase. Currently we are having accidents on the markets/fairs and in other areas the accidents are mainly against cyclists and pedestrian children. Does your community have We do not have recruitment centre. Our procedure is: the project manager a labor recruitment centre? contacts local leader who find people to work on the project for any type of How the recruitment would work. Local leaders bring strong and responsible people for the project be done to assist the requirements. project? In case of compensation and We have enough space to allocate all that will be affected by the project. We resettlement process, is need do a meeting with our local leaders and the district head office to allocate there a land to new space inside our community. accommodate people and We have enough land for their houses and activities. infrastructures? What additional concerns Whenever is a new project it is necessary to call religious leaders as well as local and recommendations chiefs to pray and conduct sacred rituals to bless the project to be welcome and would you like to present to run as desired. influence the project That is the recommendation we make to you. Do good work and respect others performance and minimize so that at the end of the project we are all satisfied. its impact?
R696 Rapale - Mecuburi
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Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based The road R696 Rapale - Mecuburi, have an extension of 55km and 6m wide of on the summary of the gravel road. Because this road is at same level of the ground and because of comments of the interested higher soil plasticity, at rainy season it suffers longitudinal ravines and erosion and affected parties making it hard and/or impossible to cross. During this season, it suffers several damages on water drain aqueducts making very hard to drive on. This 55Km are done at this period for about 12 hours for heavy duty and 3 hours for 4WD vehicles. The road repair is well come because and will energize personnel and cargo transportation between both Rapale and Mecuburi districts. And will contribute a lot to develop Nampula province. Is there any problem-solving We have a conflict management committee in where our local leader (regulos, methods or management at capus and neighborhood secretary) are part of it. These committees are your community? responsible for safeguarding populations and mediate conflicts on our community. To face land usurpation and agriculture products robberies Projecto Sustenta is mediator. Other issues are addressed to locality head. What are the issues you We would like to ask the ones coming to build the road to respect our would like to be addressed communities. If an infrastructure or and other goods has to be removed, we from the project as part of hope there will be compensation or resettlement according to the law to those social responsibility package who are affected. during its execution? We had painful experience with EDM, they brought us power line, we thought it would be good. But they moved out populations, cut off trees and just moved out. It was wrong. We would like to see something different and responsible from this project. All tasks to be performed, the community must be informed so they can know what is happening and how to protect themselves from danger of this activities. Does your community have Once you inform us, we will arrange a meeting with our population and our a labor recruitment centre? leadership will provide names of required candidates who will be selected by How the recruitment would project manager according to required number. be done to assist the Local leadership must be involved to ensure the project benefits our community project? labor. For example, our leader also finds and supply labor to PASPE/INAS projects that pays on food for communities. In case of compensation and We have lots of unoccupied land, enough to accommodate all that will be resettlement process, is affected by the project. You just need to contact us as community leaders. We there a land to have space agriculture and animal breeding. accommodate people and We have land for those that will be affected. infrastructures? What additional concerns Few conventional houses and business shops, non-conventional houses, small and recommendations agricultural lands, small business shops and tends. would you like to present to I hope this project goes well and fast. When it starts with the work, we are asking influence the project you to not leave our young people out. performance and minimize Respect the sacred sites, we will always arrange for the work not to stop since its impact? we need it.
R692/R1170, Namiconha – Cunle - Iapala Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based The road R692/R1170, Namiconha – Cunle - Iapala, starting at N13 intersection on the summary of the at Namiconha community, Ribáuè district, to Cunle Community, at R693 turn off comments of the interested to R1170 that ends Iapala administrative post by the N326 turn off at Ribáuè and affected parties district.
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Questions/Comments Response/Remark The road R692/R1170, section Namiconha–Cunle-Iapala, have an extension of 38km and 5.5m wide, of gravel road, that runs a level land and is adjacent to it. This road is on the Government schedule and benefits of periodic maintenance that include: box culvert cleaning, motor grader levelling and sides grass cut performed by ANE - Nampula Delegation. This is a tertiary road connecting Namiconha – Cunle - Iapala and claim for rehabilitation with an objective of improving traffic conditions to users looking at its traffic quantity and its importance connecting Namialo district with Imala community. The rehabilitation will energize products, people and goods flow from the very Iapala that is a productive area, and will send products to Namiconha – Cunle - Iapala and vice-versa. This will contribute to grow Iapala community, the district and Nampula province. Is there any problem-solving The leadership here mediate conflicts between community populations that methods or management at include land usurpation (when people cultivate in others land), robberies and your community? even physical aggressions. We have head situations where people from different communities fight for a land. As local leaders, we resolve and mediate small issues. Bigger problems we send to headquarter office, local police and local court if necessary. What are the issues you There are many concerns among our communities. But, when it comes to a would like to be addressed project of this size, they increase and people are worried like: what will be the from the project as part of criteria for compensation or resettlement of the ones that will be affected? We social responsibility package mean, their houses, agricultural lend field, etc. during its execution? Will the affected ones be compensated according to the law? We ask this because we look behind, for Vale – Mozambique that left some of our communities unsatisfied until today. The other issue is labor recruitment; how will this be done? Who will be contracted for the job? It is true that our young people do not carry enough qualifications, they can still be contracted to do minimal services. And these youth should be given priority. At the end of the project, we expect to have lanes with proper signage to alert drivers of presence of pedestrians, especially children crossing roads when going to schools. Does your community have We suggest that project leaders or supervisors meet community leaders and a labor recruitment centre? advise the project needs. Our leader will issue names of possible candidates wish How the recruitment would finally will be selected by project according to required number. be done to assist the Local leaders must be involved to ensure the project benefits our community project? labor. In case of compensation and We have enough space on our community to accommodate all requirements of resettlement process, is compensation/resettlement process including housing and agricultural fields. there a land to As local leaders we know the non-occupied space that can be used for housing accommodate people and as well as to agriculture. But we need to collect opinions from affected locals infrastructures? that will help improve this process. What additional concerns To ensure we minimize negative impact of the project, we advise: prior to start and recommendations the activities, project team shall communicate with local leaders, (mwenes, would you like to present to regulations, secretaries of neighborhoods, religious leaders) that will supply you influence the project labor from our communities. performance and minimize There must be a traditional ceremony to be done to ensure all projects run with its impact? no constraints.
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Questions/Comments Response/Remark We recommend transparency and justice to all to be affected by the project, the compensations must be fair to everyone; related mainly to housing and agriculture. We advise the project to respect our sacred areas.
Nampula Province - Summary of various meetings along the selected roads Questions/ Comments Response/ Remark When will the works The consultant stated that he did not know when the works would start but in case of a commence? Knowing that we cashew tree affected, an evaluation on the fruits will be carried out and payment will be have our cashew trees made with two seedlings to plant elsewhere. blooming soon, how will these cashew trees be treated? Regarding job opportunities, According to the consultant, ANE, in coordination with the contractor, will provide the how will the recruitment and requirements to the Districts and Administrative Posts. The interested parties will submit selection process be? What their applications and will be informed in advance in coordination with the local leaders. will be the requirements? Comment Conflicts over land and crop fields are frequent in this district. I would like to suggest the involvement of SDAE for the identification of the affected goods because in the end all conflicts come to SDAE, as the case of the Politécnica. We have many cases to resolve. Insistence’’, I would like to reiterate my request when the time comes for the work commencement, there will be coordination and information to the communities, especially for local manpower and compensation. There are already several cases of injustices on the Nampula- Nametil road for people entitled for compensation and we, as the structures of the district must be inserted in those processes. Knowing that the Mecuburi The first 24 Km will be made of asphalt. The project is from Rapale because forus here in district is large. Rehabilitation Mecuburi we will continue with dirt roads. will cover which Administrative Posts? Will this rehabilitation be asphalt or sand road?
I am grateful for the team that The consultant explained that there will be direct compensation to the family members came! Regarding graveyards and they would be relocated to another location. close to roads, how will they be treated? I am grateful for the coming The consultant reinforced the recruitment process and clarified the type of expected project as it will contribute to opportunities and the reduced number of workers expected compared to the local develop our district. What are needs. the unskilled activities that the community residents might be The consultant explained that there will be specific measures in order to avoid involved in? environmental accidents and detailed how does it works. What will be the environmental treatment for the craters where they will remove the areas for the works? What is the estimated start There is not yet a specific data for the works commencement because the project is still date for the works? in the planning phase.
Comment Just to reinforce that the district authority is involved in the recruitment of workers, please lease with us. However, we had an incident in where a company (Politécnica University) came here with guarantees that the residents would work on the construction phase, people applied at
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the administrative posts and in the district government. We took the names, but no one was contracted. We were questioned by the leaders and we did not have the answers. We ask your project to ensure that the same thing does not happen.
Cassacatiza Border Post
Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based on The field visit to Chifunde district had the main objective of identifying the people who the summary of the comments would possibly be affected by the project and inform the PAPs at district level about the of the interested and affected project aim. parties The consulted people are essentially the PAPs and key representatives of interested institutions. The institutions include: Local Administration, Border Post which includes migration services, tax authority and border police. At provincial level the consulted institutions included, ANE - Tete Delegation, Agência do Vale do Zambeze, Migration Services - Tete Delegation, ACEAGRÁRIOS-Associação dos Consultores de Serviços Agrários. The main concerns presented by the administrator, are related not only to conditions of the border post, but also the main road crossing the district, the National Road N9. The road is heavily damaged, with some sections of unpaved road as well as huge potholes. This road is a link between Mozambique and Zambia via Cassacatiza community, where seats a border post to Zambia. The main road accommodates personnel and cargo transportation between both Mozambique and Zambia by means of trucks and busses. However, the communication between both countries is very poor. The connectivity is very slow as the border post infra in Mozambique is very poor and have no conditions to accommodate various sectors at a time, have no dry harbor, so the tracks and passengers are forced to congest access road to border gate. The vehicles waiting time is very large coming into days due to manual handling of paper work. This situation causes delay of cargo, passengers and specially tourists of both countries, who avoid this border post. There is no power at border post. There is no power on this community. The computers and lighting are granted by solar system that are very old and cannot keep power for long time. Thus, this border post uses to close during working hours to ensure solar system reserves enough power for office dispatches. Customs and Migration There is enough space to build new structure for the new border post, and despite the fact that we have two households close by, they are far enough to allow new infrastructure successfully. This location was not yet measured by us but according to government officials it belongs to Government and has enough space to accommodate three times the coming new project. They congratulated and welcomed the project since is going to develop their area and community. For that reason, they would like to see raised up a passenger terminal close by to accommodate tourists and general users. The area also has no waste disposal camp which they would like to have one as the population growing up will require this camp. Does Cassacatiza Community According to Mr. Renato Furuma provincial Customs director, Mr. Rui Manuel, Chifunde have an area that could be used district chief executive leader, Mr. Aurelio Mahumane and Acácio Mapulango, shift to new infrastructure supervisors of Cassacatiza border post, migration and customs respectively, there is implantation in case of Border enough area to implant new infrastructure for both border post and dry harbour; post need new location? including all other sectors of activity related to emigration and customers. This location has only three (3) households that have small business inside area that belongs to Mozambican state. There will be a need of compensation/resettlement process for this 3 households leaving very close to the border area.
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Is there any problem-solving We have a green line (phone number) that population used at any time to report methods or management at conflicts between local people. There is also an official complaints book where any one Cassacatiza community? can rise up issues related to grievance of others. The reports are conveyed local leaders who acts as a mediator. If the issue continues, the police and local community leaders are called to the scene to bring solution. In case there still no understanding, the chief leader of town ship together with the local court are contacted to bring solutions to the case. The common cases are land usurpation. Land usurpation comes when local leaders gives same portion of land to different personal or when one uses power is his position to try to take what belongs to another, stated Rui Manuel, Chifunde district chief leader. Are there cases of gender- Yes, there is prostitution. And this is a business that is carried out by Zambian women. based violence or prostitution Gender-based violence is very rare, or may not be reported. We don’t have any related at Cassacatiza area? report stated the leaders. What are the issues you would Our big problems are water supply, electricity and tertiary roads. There is no portable like to be addressed from the water supply at all in the community. We would like to see water supply system built project as part of social up to ensure all community benefits of water that is precious need. responsibility package during its Electricity. There is no power at our community. We survive by means of solar panels. execution? We also need schools and houses for school and health professionals. Stated Community and local leathers. We also would like to see some improvements at local hospital, for our populations, which now have to travel long distances to Zambia for medical assistance. Does your community have a We do not have labor recruiting centre. We would like to see in our community a labor recruitment centre? How technical training centre which prepares young people for coming challenges. the recruitment would be done But we do have local people that can be contracted to help on coming project. Our local to assist the project? community 2nd leaders can help on recruitment process as they know all community. Local leadership also must be involved to ensure no foreigners from closer Zambia apply for position that could be occupied by local Mozambicans. Community and local leaders. In case of compensation and We have enough space on our community to accommodate all requirements of resettlement process, is there a compensation/resettlement process. land to accommodate people We are conducting studies to identify areas to allocate the ones affected by floods and and infrastructures? other unforeseen situations. But experience shows our community land is very stable. Does not have problems. But, we do not have communities around are to be used for the project at Cassacatiza community. Stated the community and local leaders. Calómuè Border Post
Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based on the As per Mr. Paulo Sebastião, Angónia district chief executive leader, Mr. Viriato summary of the comments of the Eduardo, Calómuè community leader, Mr. Figueiredo Presente, supervisor of interested and affected parties Calómuè border post Angónia district have roads linking Mozambique and Malawi via Calómuè community, were seats on of the most used border post to Malawi. These roads accommodate personnel as well as cargo transportation between both Mozambique and Malawi by means of trucks and busses. Communication between both countries is deficient. The connectivity is very slow as the border post infra in Mozambique is very poor and have no conditions to accommodate various sectors at a time, have no dry harbor, so the tracks and passengers are forced to congest access roar to bolder gate. The vehicles waiting time is very large coming into days due to manual handling of paper work. This situation causes delay of cargo, passengers and tourists of both countries. The main road crossing Angónia district is very good. CALÓMUÈ - This border post is seating rounder by community population infrastructures (housing and small business shops) as well as small agricultural grounds. A new area was identified by local community leaders and area customer’s officials as having potential to hold new infra for both border post and dry harbor. This
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location was not yet measured by us but according to government officials it belongs to Government and has enough space for three times the coming project. There are no infrastructures to be moved out for resettlement. Only for compensation. They congratulated and welcomed the project since is going to develop their area and community. For that reason, they would like to see raised up a passenger terminal close by to accommodate tourists and general users. The area also has no waste disposal camp wish should be incorporated to attend the new reality of the area and allocated to private companies as the government has no enough resources and could not respond efficiently to waste production at the area. Does Calómuè Community have an According to Mr. Furuma, provincial Customs director and Mr. Paulo Sebastião, area that could be used to new infra Angónia district chief executive leather, Mr. Viriato Eduardo, Calómuè community implantation in case of Border post leader, Mr. Figueiredo Presente, supervisor of Calómuè border post, a new area was need new location? identified as having potential to hold up new infra for both border post and dry harbor; including all other sectors of activity related to emigration and customers. This location was not yet measured by us but according to government officials it belongs to Government and has enough space for the coming new project. There are two (2) local people to be compensated as they have agriculture practices on referred area. However, there is a possibility of positioning new infrastructure were there will be no need to move out those two householders to allocate new infra due to availability of land field. Is there any problem-solving We have a green line phone number (as instructed by gov.) that can be used to report methods or management at issues between local people. There is also an official complaints book where any one Calómuè community? can rise up issues related to grievance of others. The reports are conveyed local leaders who acts as a mediator. If the issue continues, the police and local community leader are called to the scene to bring solution. In case there still no understanding, the chief leader of town ship together with the local court are contacted to bring solutions to the case. The common cases are land usurpation. Land usurpation comes when local 2nd leaders gives same portion of land to different personal or when one uses power is his position to try to take what belongs to another, stated Mr. Figueiredo Presente, customs supervisor and Mr. Viriato Eduardo, Calómuè community leaders. Are there cases of gender-based Yes, there is prostitution. And this is a business that is carried out by Malawian violence or sexual harassment at women. Sexual harassment is very rare, we never heard about it. Or people just do Calómuè area? not report, stated the leaders. What are the issues you would like We have serious problem with water supply and electricity. There is no portable to be addressed from the project as water supply at the community. The small existing water supply system is very old part of social responsibility package and cannot attend to the rapid population grow up. Thus, we would like to see a new during its execution? system built up to ensure all community benefits of water that is precious need. This goes hand and hand with police stations, schools and housing for school and health professionals, said community and local leaders. Electricity is another. The power is supplied by Malawi; we do not have electricity from Mozambique power supply. The one supplied by Malawi is very poor, no quality and has often cuts, stated community and local leaders.
We also would like to see some improvements at local hospital, since the population was being assisted at the neighborhood, Malawi. A resolution from Malawi has veiled the treatment of foreigners, specially Mozambicans. For that reason, hospital it a very big need. Mr. Figueiredo Presente and Aguida Xavier Ernesto, Customs and Migration authorities mentioned that life is too sedentary at Calómuè. They would like to have a gym to exercise as they are paramilitary staff and need to be stronger for their daily activities. Mr. Paulo Sebastião, Angónia district chief executive leader, raised a very good issue: he would like to have a 15Km fence along border line from border post. 7.5Km each
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side of the post. This will stop cargo smuggling and taxation escapes. This issue was supported by Mr. Presente and Miss. Aguida, both customs and migration supervisors. Does your community have a labor In our community there is no training centre. But a technical training centre at our recruitment centre? How the district headquarter that stays 40 Km away and prepares young people for coming recruitment would be done to assist challenges. This training centre is preparing staff on areas of mechanical, electricity, the project? wood furniture (carpenter), and construction. This training centre can be contacted to supply labour to the coming project. This will ensure transparency on recruitment as the training centre is familiarized with labor law. Even locally, we have staff to help on the project. Our Local leaders must be involved to ensure no foreigners from closer Malawi apply for position that could be occupied by local Mozambicans. Community and local leaders. We would like to see local staff involved on a project as contracted labor to ensure respect for our labor law. Do not just bring all staff from outside community. In case of compensation and We have enough space on our community to accommodate all requirements of resettlement process, is there a resettlements. land to accommodate people and We are conducting studies to identify areas where we will allocate to the ones infrastructures? affected by floods and other unforeseen situations. We can use the same land for resettlement if required. It is large and can accommodate dozens of families around Calómuè community. Stated the community and local leaders. However, we do not believe it is required. As you saw the area have no need for resettlement process since we do not have communities on the area that will be used for the project. We may need to compensate two (2) householders practicing agriculture close by but not sure. What type of INFRA is rounding the Around border post are small business shops, local market, tents that supply food and border post? drinks to drivers and other border users. It is important to mention that due to covid-19, the cargo and personnel movement has decreased drastically at the border that do not allow in and out crossing. The area to reallocate new infrastructure is empty area. There is no need for resettlement process.
Zóbuè Border Post
Questions/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based on Moatize district have roads linking Mozambique and Malawi via Zóbuè community, the summary of the comments of where seats on of the most used border post to Malawi. These roads accommodate the interested and affected personnel as well as cargo transportation between both Mozambique and Malawi by parties means of trucks and busses. However, the communication between both countries is very poor. The connectivity is very slow as the border post infra in Mozambique is very poor and have no conditions to accommodate various sectors at a time, have no dry harbor, so the trucks and passengers are forced to congest access roar to bolder gate. The vehicles waiting time is very large coming into days due to manual handling of paperwork. This situation causes delay of cargo, passengers and tourists of both countries. This border post is seating rounder by community population infrastructures (housing and small business shops) as well as small agricultural grounds. There are 60 infrastructures to be moved out for resettlement and/or for compensation. A new area was identified by local community leaders and a customer’s officials as having potential to hold new infrastructure for both border post and dry harbor. This location was not yet measured by us but according to government officials it belongs to Government and has enough space for the coming new project. However, there is few local people to be compensated as they have agriculture practices on referred area as well as small business shops and housing in a number of 10 householders.
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The congratulated and welcomed the project since is going to develop their area and community. For that reason, they would like to see raised a passenger terminal close by to accommodate tourists and general users. The area also has a small waste disposal camp which should be looked after to ensure is attending to community grows and allocated to private companies as the government has no enough resources and cannot respond efficiently to waste production at the area. Does Zóbuè Community have an According to Mr. Supinho, local Govern leader, Mr Furuma, provincial Customers area that could be used to new director and Mr. Quissanga, chief of Zóbuè border post, a new area was identified as infra implantation in case of having potential to hold up new infra for both border post and dry harbor; including Border post need new location? all other sectors of activity related to emigration and customers. This location was not yet measured by us but according to government officials it belongs to Government and has enough space for the coming new project. However, there are few local people to be compensated as they have agriculture practices on referred area as well as small business shops and housing in a number of 10 householders. (Small houses, small shops, mango trees, beans and other non- specified cultures) Is there any problem-solving We have a green line (phone number) that can be used at any time to report and methods or management at misunderstanding between local people. There is also an official complaints book Zóbuè community? where any one can rise up issues related to grievance of others. The control measures are set by government. Communities convey complaints to local leaders who acts as mediator. If the issue continues, the police and local community leader are called to the scene to bring solution. In case there still no understanding, the chief leader of township together with the local court are contacted to bring solutions to the case. The common cases have to do with people planting in somebody else land field. But commonly the issues are resolved before they go at head office, stated Mr. Manuel Chimaia and Mr. Patricio Joia, Zóbuè community 2nd local leaders. Are there cases of gender-based Yes, there is prostitution. And this is Malawian woman’s business. Sexual harassment violence or sexual harassment at is very rare, or may not be reported. We only had one case two years ago. Nothing Zóbuè area? else is said to the leaders. What are the issues you would Well, our big headache is water supply, electricity and tertiary roads. There is no like to be addressed from the portable water supply at the community. The small existing water supply system is project as part of social obsolete and cannot very old. Has lots of failures to attend our community benefits responsibility package during its of water that is precious need. This goes hand and hand with schools and houses for execution? school and health professionals. Stated Community and local leaders. We do not have power from national power network. We are supplied by Malawi; The electricity is no quality and has often shortages. Said community and local leaders. We also would like to see some rehabilitation of the local hospital, since the population was being assisted at neighborhood, Malawi. A resolution from Malawi has veiled the treatment of foreigners, including Mozambicans. Hospital is a very big need. We would like to see local staff involved on a project as contracted labor to ensure respect for our labor law. Do not just bring all staff from outside community. Does your community have a We do not have labor recruiting centre. We only have a technical training centre that labor recruitment centre? How helps prepare our community people for coming challenges. But it only train people the recruitment would be done to on areas like wood furniture (carpenter) and construction. assist the project? This training centre can be contacted to help with labor to the coming project. This will ensure transparency on recruitment as the training centre is familiarized with labor law. Local leader ship also must be involved to avoid neighbors from closer Malawi comes and apply for positions here that can be given to local Mozambicans. Said community and local leaders. In case of compensation and We have enough space on our community to accommodate all requirements of resettlement process, is there a resettlements.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA TRADE AND CONNECTIVITY PROJECT (SATCP) land to accommodate people and We are conducting studies to identify areas where we would allocate to the ones infrastructures? affected by floods and other unforeseen situations. We can use the same land for resettlement if required. Is large and can accommodate dozens of families around Zóbuè community. Stated the community and local leaders. However, we would like to advice you about our closer neighbor, Malawi. Around the border post from Malawi side people speak same language as us. There is a chance that they come to know about this process and somehow try to benefit from this process. Is very important that Compensation/resettlement process involve all local leadership to avoid opportunism. We know our community and we know how to deal with. What type of INFRA is rounding Around border post are small business shops, local market, tents that supply food and the border post? drinks to drivers and other border users. It is important to mention that due to covid-19, the cargo and personnel movement has decreased drastically at the border that do not allow in and out crossing.
Ponta do Ouro Border Post Question/Comments Response/Remark Brief Characterization based Matutuíne district have roads connecting Mozambique and South Africa via on the summary of the Ponta do Ouro community. comments of the interested However, there is no cross-border transportation of personnel and good due to and affected parties poor condition of offices for migration, border police, customs and all other services related to emigration services as these services are functioning on containers donated by South Africa government. Since Ponta do Ouro has a potential for tourism, within the scope of extending border post area, Mozambican government through national customs office has run out a compensation/resettlement process census to identify households to be moved out from border post area and the assessment of the location to be allocated. A new community map was designed by authorities that include new infrastructures for passenger’s terminal for the community. A number of 40 households are to be moved to new area to allow project expansion. These households have been given a new land to for their residences. Is very important to say that 38 households are happy with the new area. The other two have complains related to the inclination of the land given and the authorities are looking for a new place to accommodate both households. These families are happy to move because they are sitting at a way in and out of foreigners, especially tourists accessing the beach area. The houses were erected without any land use planning, and this contribute to tourism devaluation at this area. A new image will energize business and value the community and will bring more attraction for touring activities here. They congratulated and welcomed the project since is going to develop their area and community. Ponta do Ouro has a small waste disposal camp which is serving the new reality of the area and is allocated to private company as the government has no enough resources and cannot respond efficiently to waste production at the area. Does Ponta do Ouro According to the provincial Customs director and chief supervisor of Ponta do Community have an area Ouro border post, as well as Ponta do Ouro community leadership, a new area that could be used to new was identified and is enough to accommodate three times the coming project, infra implantation in case of and will hold up new infra for both border post and dry harbor; including all Border post need new other sectors of activity related to emigration and customs. location?
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This space belongs to Government and has enough space for the coming new project.
Is there any problem-solving We have a green line (phone number) that can be used at any time to report any methods/management at corruption problems and conflicts between local people. There is also an official Ponta do Ouro community? complaints book where any one can raise issues related to grievance of others. The reports are conveyed local leaders who acts as a mediator. If the issue continues, the police and local community leader are called to the scene to bring solution. In case there still no understanding, the chief leader of township together with the local court are contacted to bring solutions to the case. The common cases are land. Land usurpation comes when local leaders gives same portion of land to different personal or when one uses power is his position to try to take what belongs to another, stated community local leaders. There is also problem of gender-based violence that commonly becomes a hidden problem, especially when the abused is a man, due to stigma. But as authorities we always advice our communities to resolve their conflicts involving leadership to ensure we do address the issues properly. Are here cases of gender- Gender-based violence is very rare, or may not be reported. based violence or There are no cases of prostitution in this community. prostitution at Ponta do Ouro area? What are the issues you We have a health center that helps testing malaria. We would like to see would like to safeguard or included Vet services, vehicle inspection services and Tirona (Customs have assistance from this clearance). This would help develop our community. project as social It is necessary to create labor posts and follow the labor law and human rights. responsibility package Our district is a potential tourist zone. Therefore, we would like to see the during its execution? preservation of environmental and social aspects of the community to preserve tourism. We also would like to see some improvements at local schools, market and hospital, as the population is growing quickly. We would like to see local staff involved on a project as contracted labor to ensure respect for our labor law. We agree supervision must come with the project. But we have locals that can be contracted for small jobs. Does your community have Actually, our community do not have any recruitment center. The employers a labor recruitment center? look for known people or just do internal advertisement and there is no How the recruitment would transparency on the process. At the end, the employers do not allocate be done to assist the employee taxes to government. However, we are doing our best to have locally project? procedure structure to control recruitment process. In case of compensation and We have enough space on our community to accommodate all requirements of resettlement process, is resettlements. there a land to We are conducting studies to identify areas where we would allocate people in accommodate people and case of climate emergency situation. We can use the same land for resettlement infrastructures? if required. Is this process started? A new land use plan was developed to accommodate all people that where seating at border area. Most of these people have been given space for their infrastructures during this process that was conducted by Customs. A new image will value the community and will bring more attraction for touring activities here.
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What type of INFRA is Houses, small business shops, local market, tents that supply food and beer to rounding the border post? drivers and other border users. It is important to mention that due to covid-19, the cargo and personnel movement has decreased drastically at the border that do not allow in and out crossing. We have identified a new place for the market that our community is also happy to move as will be located close to resettlement area and will give better conditions than the existing one. For sure this compensation/resettlement process will turn border post a mirror of our community.
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Annex II – Attendance register of the PPP
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People consulted remotely Name Province Community Contact Florinda Anastacio Nampula Corrane - Nahe 867062683 Maria Juma Benedito Nampula Regulo – weicha 871204496 Hermenegilda Martinho Nampula Corrane 874972683 Anastácio Aurélio Nampula Associação dos Amigos de Corrane 877170890 AENA Nampula NGO 26217939 Celeste Júnior Tete Angónia District 846729456 Terresa Banda Tete Angónia District 847491924 Eliza Reis Tete Agónia District 867709260 Moisés Chico Nunes Zambézia ANE Delegate in Zambezia 842779217 NAFEZA Zambézia NGO 829496707 AMUDEM Zambézia Associação de Mulheres para From ZOOM Desenvolvimento de Milange FOPROSA Sofala Forum Provincial das ONGs de Sofala 23320074 Tomás Tembe Maputo Fonteira da ponta do Ouro 847064968 neighbourhood PLAN Maputo NGO 843892191 Carlos Manjate ONG Rede CAME 844786256 Confidential Maputo Informal Trader 823978000
Presential attended register
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Annex III – Project presentation provided to the Potential PAPs and Other Stakeholders during PPP
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Annex IV – Photographic Report
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Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project (SATCP), P164847 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPORT
PONTA DE OURO BORDER POST
Infrastructure at the Ponta de Ouro Border Post
1 2 3
4 5 6
Infrastructures found within a buffer of 800 meters along Ponta de Ouro border post (1- Ring Road, 2- Front area of the border post, 3- Small market and landfill site, 4- Type of houses predominates, 5- existence of bars and stalls, 6- Plant selling construction material)
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CALOMUE BORDER POST
Access to the Calomue border post
Small market near the border post
Territorial demarcation, Mozambique – Malawi (not fenced)
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ZOBUE BORDER POST
Access to the Zobue border post
Internal part of the post
Infrastructures close to the border post
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CASSACATIZA BORDER POST
Border gate
Border post offices - varios services
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NAMPULA – CORRANE ROAD
Predominant type of houses
Markets
State of roads and energy poles
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Some aqueducts and cemeteries
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NAMIALO – IMALA ROAD
Predominant type of houses
Road condition
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Cemeteries close to the road
RAPALE- MECUBURI
Stalls and shops, houses and fences near the road
Erosion
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NAMICONHA – IAPALA
Types of houses, stalls and shops near the road
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Annex V – Structure for Preparation of RAP/ARAP
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Content of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) The scope of the requirements and details of the resettlement plan vary depending on the scale and complexity of resettlement. The plan is based on up-to-date and reliable information on (a) the proposed project and its potential impacts on displaced individuals and other negatively affected groups, (b) appropriate and feasible mitigation measures, and (c) the legal and institutional resources needed for the effective implementation of resettlement measures. Full RAP Outline Introduction . Brief description of the project with a list of project components including associated facilities. Description of project components requiring land use rights acquisition and resettlement with overall estimates of land rights acquisition and resettlement necessary. Minimizing Resettlement . Efforts made to minimize displacement, the results expected by these and the mechanisms used to minimize displacement during implementation. Census and Socioeconomic Surveys . The results of the census, assets inventories, natural resource assessments, and socioeconomic surveys should be presented. All categories of impacts and people affected should be identified and a summary of consultations on the results of the various surveys with affected people. If there is a need for updates to the census, assets inventories, resource assessments, and socioeconomic surveys, this should be mentioned and planned for as part of RAP monitoring and evaluation. . All impacts quantified Legal Framework . All relevant Mozambican laws and customs that apply to resettlement and the gaps between the Mozambican laws and World Bank policies should be identified. Project specific legal mechanisms to address conflicts may be covered here. Entitlements . Describe entitlement policies for each category of impact and specify that resettlement implementation will be based on specific provisions of agreed RAP. . Describe method of valuation used for affected structures, land, trees, and other assets. Prepare entitlement matrix. Resettlement Measures and Livelihood Restoration . Are the compensation entitlements sufficient to restore income streams for each category of impact? What additional economic rehabilitation measures are necessary? . Briefly spell out the compensation packages and restoration strategies for each category of impact and describe their institutional, financial, and technical aspects. . Describe the process of consultation with affected populations and their participation in finalizing strategies for income restoration. . How do these strategies vary with the area of impact?
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. Does income restoration require change in livelihoods, development of alternative farmlands or some other activities that require a substantial amount of training, time for preparation, and implementation. . How are the risks of impoverishment to be addressed? . What are the main institutional and other risks for the smooth implementation of the resettlement programs? . Describe the process for monitoring the effectiveness of the income restoration measures. . Describe any social or community development programs currently operating in or around the project area. If programs exist, do they meet the development priorities of their target communities? Are there opportunities for the project proponent to support new programs or expand existing programs to meet the development priorities of communities in the project area?
Resettlement Sites . Does the project require community relocation sites? Have affected people been involved in a participatory process to identify sites, assess advantages and disadvantages of each site, and select preferred sites? . Have the affected people been involved in developing an acceptable strategy for housing replacement? Will new housing be constructed/allocated? . Does the project involve allocation of agricultural land or pasture/rangeland? . Have the individual households that will be allocated lands been involved in identifying potential new sites, and have they explicitly accepted the selected sites? . Describe the specific process of involving affected populations in identifying potential housing sites, assessing advantages and disadvantages, and selecting sites. . Describe the feasibility studies conducted to determine the suitability of the proposed sites, including natural resource assessments (soils and land use capability, vegetation and livestock carrying capacity, water resource surveys) and environmental and social impact assessments of the sites. . Demonstrate that the land quality and area are adequate for allocation to all of the people eligible for allocation of agricultural land. Provide data on land quality and capability, productive potential, and quantity. . Give calculations relating to site requirements and availability. . Describe mechanisms for: 1) procuring, 2) developing and 3) allotting resettlement sites, including the awarding of title or use rights to allotted lands. . Provide detailed description of the arrangements for site development for agriculture, including funding of development costs. . Have the host communities been consulted about the RAP? Have they participated in the identification of likely impacts on their communities, appropriate mitigation measures, and preparation of the RAP? Do the host communities have a share of the resettlement benefits? Housing, Infrastructure and Social Services
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. Describe plans to provide or to finance resettlers' provision of housing, water supply and access roads infrastructure, and social services such as schools and health services; . Describe plans to ensure comparable services to host populations; . Provide information about any necessary site development, engineering, and architectural designs for these facilities. Environmental protection and management . Describe the boundaries of the relocation area; . Assess the environmental impacts of the proposed resettlement and measures to mitigate and manage these impacts (coordinated as appropriate with the environmental assessment of the main investment requiring the resettlement). Participation and Consultation . Describe the various stakeholders. . Describe the process of promoting consultation/participation of affected populations and stakeholders in resettlement preparation and planning. . Describe the involvement of resettles and host communities in preparing the RAP, a summary of their views and choices made regarding resettlement sites and organization of settlement, compensation and assistance, access to cultural property. . Describe the process of involving affected populations and other stakeholders in implementation and monitoring. . Describe the plan for disseminating RAP information to affected populations and stakeholders, including information about compensation for lost assets, eligibility for compensation, resettlement assistance, and grievance redress. Measures to mitigate the impact of resettlement on host communities . Describe and report on consultations with host communities and local governments; . Describe arrangements for prompt tendering of any payment due the hosts for land or other assets provided to resettles; arrangements for addressing conflicts that may arise between resettles and host communities; and measures necessary to augment services in host communities to make them at least comparable to services available to resettles. Institutional Arrangements . Describe the institution(s) responsible for delivery of each item/activity in the entitlement policy; implementation of income restoration programs; and coordination of the activities associated with and described in the resettlement action plan. . State how coordination issues will be addressed in cases where resettlement is spread over a number of jurisdictions or where resettlement will be implemented in stages over a long period of time. . Identify the agency that will coordinate all implementing agencies. Does it have the necessary mandate and resources? . Describe the external (non-project) institutions involved in the process of income restoration (land development, land allocation, credit, training) and the mechanisms to ensure adequate performance of these institutions. . Discuss institutional capacity for and commitment to resettlement. . Describe mechanisms for ensuring independent monitoring, evaluation, and audit of the RAP and for ensuring that corrective measures are carried out in a timely fashion.
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Grievance Redress . Describe the step-by-step process for registering and addressing grievances and provide specific details regarding a cost-free process for registering complaints, response time, and communication modes. . Describe the mechanism for appeal. . Describe the provisions for approaching civil courts if other options fail. Implementation Schedule . List the chronological steps in implementation of the RAP, including identification of agencies responsible for each activity and with a brief explanation of each activity. . Prepare a month-by-month implementation schedule (using a Gantt chart, for example) of activities to be undertaken as part of resettlement implementation. . Describe the linkage between resettlement implementation and initiation of civil works for each of the project components. Costs and Budgets . Provide a clear statement of financial responsibility and authority. . List the sources of funds for resettlement and describe the flow of funds. . Ensure that the budget for resettlement is sufficient and included in the overall project budget. . Identify resettlement costs to be funded by the government and the mechanisms that will be established to ensure coordination of disbursements with the RAP and the project schedule. . Prepare an estimated budget, by cost and by item, for all resettlement costs including planning and implementation, management and administration, monitoring and evaluation, and contingencies. . Describe the specific mechanisms to adjust cost estimates and compensation payments for inflation and currency fluctuations. . Describe the provisions to account for physical and price contingencies. . Describe the financial arrangements for external monitoring and evaluation including the process for awarding and maintenance of contracts for the entire duration of resettlement. Monitoring and Evaluation . Describe the internal/performance monitoring process for the resettlement and livelihood restoration. . Define key monitoring indicators derived from baseline survey. Provide a list of monitoring indicators that will be used for internal monitoring. . Describe institutional (including financial) arrangements. . Describe frequency of reporting and content for internal monitoring. . Describe process for integrating feedback from internal monitoring into implementation. . Define methodology for external monitoring. . Define key indicators for external monitoring. . Describe frequency of reporting and content for external monitoring. . Describe process for integrating feedback from external monitoring into implementation. . Describe arrangements for final external evaluation.
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Content of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) and Compensation Plans (PC) Draft ARAP / PC include at least the following elements (details of the elements can be found above - within the content of a full RAP): Elements to be included in the Detail on the elements to be included in the Compensation Plan Compensation Plan A census of affected persons and a survey of Census results - number of PAP and a description of affected assets with valuation of the assets; households: family profile (number of members, sex, age, education, activity, chronic illnesses), main source of income, monthly income, possession of affected and unaffected assets, access to services, etc. List of affected goods with a description. Description of the compensation, livelihood Must indicate the formula / criterion used and the prices restoration and other assistance to be considered (as well as how the values were determined) provided indicating the chosen compensation options, livelihood restoration provision. Consultations with displaced persons on Report on consultations with the PAP and other acceptable alternatives; stakeholders, the topics covered and the outcome’. The agreements discussed and reached with the PAP, the minutes of meetings with lists of those present, the individual agreements signed etc. must be mentioned in the Compensation Plan and attached. Institutional responsibility for Include the responsibilities, the individuals, (name, implementation and grievance procedures, contact and function) and the structure authorized to procedures for appealing and resolving implement the plan. complaints; Indicate the composition and articulation of the Grievance and Complaints Resolution system. Monitoring and implementation Identify the tasks of the Focal Points and other institutions arrangements and people to be involved and their responsibilities. Present the chronology of the monitoring actions compared with the project schedule. Schedule and budget The budget must indicate the total compensation amounts and all costs involved in the implementation, duly detailed.
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Elements to be included in the Detail on the elements to be included in the Compensation Plan Compensation Plan The schedule should indicate the planned date for the delivery of compensation to each affected person and the monitoring period considered
Annexes of the RAP, ARAP and PC The RAP, ARAP and PC annexes could include:
Minutes of consultations and the report on them may be attached; The list of PAP (including place of residence and telephone contact), losses and state of play compared to the signed agreement on losses; The eligibility criteria for the PAPs; Method of valuating of affected assets and compensation; Entitlement matrix; Resettlement and compensation planning; Budgeting and sources of funding for the RAP/ARAP/PCs; Sample monitoring and reporting formats; Chance finds procedure; Guidelines for annual review; Guidelines for RAPs/ARAPs; or draft ToR for RAPs/ARAPs; Guidelines to undertake Public Consultations during COVID-19 pandemic; Grievance redress mechanism – complaints mechanism Compensations agreements forms; Voluntary land donation protocol – VLD; Code of conduct.
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Annex VI – Property Identification Form
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Name of Project Property Improvement Identification Record: District: Province: Date No. I- Work to be carried out Description:
II- Location of Land Location of Land: Locality: Neighborhood: Administrative post: Zone: Coordinates (by GPS): III – Land Title Holder , Right to Use and Benefit from the Land: Public ( ) Private ( ) Name: No of title: Address: Identification Document: Validity: Outras Informações: IV – Current Land Use Current Use: No use ( ) Agriculture ( ) Commerce ( ) Housing ( ) Outros ( ) V - Opinion
Prepared by: Institution: Signature: Date: Approved by:
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Institution: Signature: Date: Signature of Land Title Holder:
CHARACTERISTICS OF AFFECTED ASSETS IN CASH Age Area DESCRIPTION Quantity Price AMOUNT(MT) (Years) (m2)
Total
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Annex VII – Form for Voluntary Land Donation
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Form for Voluntary Land Donation The Voluntary Donation of Land (VLD) can be used when an individual or collective (corporate or communal) owner agrees to contribute with its land or property for project-related activities. It must occur freely, without coercion or duress, from people with full knowledge of other available options and their consequences. The VLD is applicable if the PAP does not lose more than 10% of the land and if the livelihood of the PAP is not affected.
Province / Region: District: Community:
ID of the project:
Name of landowner: Number of ID card: Project beneficiary: Yes/No Sex: Age: Occupation: Address: Description of land to be Area Total area Affected land Map code, used by the project: affected: owned by the as a if it exists: PAP: proportion of total land owned: Description of annual crops that exist on the land and project impacts: Details Number
Trees to be taken out
Fruit trees
Trees used for other economic or domestic purposes
Fully grown forest trees
Other
Describe any other assets that will be lost or must be moved because of the project: Value of assets donated:
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Land rights- Other assets-
The land user or donor confirms that he has received information about the project and understands that the above assets will be transferred (permanently or temporarily) and that he / she will not have access to the land or assets (specify time or restricted use). If the land user or owner does not want to contribute his or her assets to the project, he or she must refuse to sign or provide fingerprints.
Date: ...... Date: ......
Signature of community leaders Signature of affected person (both, husband and his wife)
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Annex VIII – GRM Forms
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SAMPLE GRIEVANCE FORM
Name (Complaint): ______
PAP ID Number: ______
Contact Information: ______(Community; mobile phone)
Nature of Grievance or Complaint: ______
Date Individuals Contacted Summary of Discussion
______
Signature
PAPs: ______Date: ______
RAP Consultant representative: ______Date: ______
Local Authorities: ______Date: ______
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SAMPLE RESOLUTION FORM
Name of Person: ______
Position: ______
Review/Resolution
Date of Meeting on Grievance: ______
People Present at Meeting (see attachment):
Was field verification of complaint conducted? Yes____No____
Findings of field investigation:
______
Summary of Conclusions from the Meeting:
______
Key Issues:
______
Was agreement reached on the issues? Yes_____ No_____
If agreement was reached, detail the agreement below:
If agreement was not reached, specify the points of disagreement below and Next Action Step Agreed:
______
Signed (Conciliator): ______Signed (person): ______
Signed (Independent Observer): ______
Date: ______
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SAMPLE FORM TO RECORD AND MONITOR GRIEVANCE*
(FOLHA DE REGISTO E MONITORIA DE RECLAMAÇÕES*)
Satisfeito Satisfeito Entidade Proposta de com a Data que se com o Nr da Data da Nome do responsável Pessoa resolução e Data de Se não, resolução? toma processo? Se não, motivo recepção Recebido por reclamente Comunidade Reclamação Categoria pela solução responsável data resolução Data de fecho motivo (If (Sim/Não) reclamação conhecimento (sim | não) (If no, why (Date (Received by) (Name of (Community) (Grievance) (Category) (Responsible (Complaint (Proposed (Date of (Date Closed) no, why (Satisfied (Grievance #) (Date (Satisfied not?) Received) Complainant) Unit or Owner) Resolution Resolution) not?) with Acknowledged) with Process) Contractor) and date) Outcome) (yes/no)? (yes/no)? Compensação, Data em que a Saúde, empresa e o Data em Segurança, reclamante Data de que a A data é Recrutamento, concordam que Justificação Com base no Nome da apresentação à Gestor com a empresa Justificação dos rastreada para Desinformação Podendo ser Data da todas as acções dos motivos feedback pessoa que Unidade responsabilid resolve e motivos que medir a ou falta de o resposta para resolver uma que levam a verbal ou Número de recebeu e responsável pelo ade final de implementa levam a resposta geral e informação, Contratante, formal por reclamação foram Opinião do insatisfação escrito do registro da registrou a Pode incluir Local do Descrição da seguimento da resolver a a queixa insatisfação o tempo de Comportamento, o projecto, o escrito ao tomadas e reclamante com o queixoso. reclamação reclamação anonimato incidente reclamação reclamação reclamação com a resolução Outros governo ou reclamante esgotadas processo (Date when resolução outro (feedback (Based on (Grievance (Name of the (Can include (Location of (Description (Date of (Manager with the (Date is tracked (Compensation,H (Date of (Date when from the (Reasons verbal or identification person who "anonymous') incident) of grievance) submission to final resolution to (Reasons for to measure ealth-Safety, (Project/cont formal written company and complainant) for written number) received and the Unit responsibility a complaint dissatisfaction overall Recruitment, ractor/govern response to complainant dissatisfacti feedback registered the responsible for for resolving is with the response and Disinformation or ment/other) the agree that all on with the from the complaint) handling the the complaint) implemente outcome) resolution time) lack of complainant) necessary actions process) complainant) complaint) d by the information, to resolve a company) Behaviour, complaint have Other) been taken)
* Can be transformed into Excel database or equivalent to keep record of grievances , monitor it stage and communicate regularly in the progress report
( * Pode ser mantida e alimentada em base de dados em Excel ou equivalente e reportado regularmente no relatório de progresso)
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Annex IX – Preliminary Schedule
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Tentative schedule for the implementation of the RPF
Schedule - RPF of Southern Africa Trade and Connectivity Project (P164847) ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## Project Lead: December 2020 20202021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb WBS Task Name Start Finish Duration 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 1 PHASE 0 - PREPARATION Tue 01/Dec/20 Wed 10/Mar/21 72 1.1 ToR, manuals and implementation instruments developed Tue 01/Dec/20 Mon 11/Jan/21 30 1.2 Recruit PROSIR Sun 20/Dec/20 Fri 29/Jan/21 30 1.3 Recruit and train Social Facilitators Thu 10/Dec/20 Wed 10/Feb/21 45 1.4 Refine the project chronology Thu 11/Feb/21 Wed 10/Mar/21 20 2 PHASE 1 - ESTIMATED PROJECT SCHEDULE Thu 10/Dec/20 Wed 27/Nov/24 1,035 2.1 Detailed design Thu 10/Dec/20 Wed 26/May/21 120 2.1.1 Road Thu 10/Dec/20 Wed 26/May/21 120 2.1.2 Border posts Thu 10/Dec/20 Wed 26/May/21 120 2.2 Construction Thu 11/Aug/22 Wed 27/Nov/24 600 3 PHASE 2 - PLANNING RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION Thu 11/Feb/21 Wed 29/Dec/21 230 3.1 Obtain details of wayleaves and prepare survey equipment Thu 11/Feb/21 Wed 24/Mar/21 30 3.2 Anouncement of the cut-off date/moratorium Thu 25/Mar/21 Wed 31/Mar/21 5 3.3 Census and inventory of PAP affected property Thu 01/Apr/21 Wed 04/Aug/21 90 3.4 Sellection of alternative resettlement sites with ARAP/PC Thu 13/May/21 Wed 15/Sep/21 90 3.5 Selection of replacement agricultural land Thu 03/Jun/21 Wed 28/Jul/21 40 3.6 Awareness raising/consultation on rights, compensation, complaints and Thu 05/Aug/21 Wed 27/Oct/21 60 3.7 monitoringPlanning assistance for restoring livelihoods Thu 29/Jul/21 Wed 20/Oct/21 60 3.8 Public Consultation Second Round Thu 28/Oct/21 Wed 08/Dec/21 30 3.9 Prepare and sign agreements on property Thu 05/Aug/21 Wed 29/Sep/21 40 3.10 Compilation and presentation of draft RAP ARAP and CP Thu 09/Dec/21 Wed 29/Dec/21 15 3.10. PAR on road improvments Thu 09/Dec/21 Wed 29/Dec/21 15 13.10. PAR on border post improvments Thu 09/Dec/21 Wed 29/Dec/21 15 23.11 Public Consultation Third Round Thu 30/Dec/21 Wed 09/Feb/22 30 4 PHASE 3 - CONCLUSION OF PLANS Thu 10/Feb/22 Wed 10/Aug/22 130 4.1 Review and comments by proponent and funding entity Thu 10/Feb/22 Wed 02/Mar/22 15 4.2 Conclusion of RAPs Thu 03/Mar/22 Wed 27/Apr/22 40 4.3 Conclusion of PC Thu 03/Mar/22 Wed 13/Apr/22 30 4.4 Public Consultation Final Round Thu 28/Apr/22 Wed 08/Jun/22 30 4.5 Aproval by Districts and CTASR / MITA Thu 09/Jun/22 Wed 10/Aug/22 45 5 PHASE 4 - IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS Thu 13/Oct/22 Wed 30/Oct/24 535 5.1 Preparation and organisation of implementating agency / PROSIR Thu 13/Oct/22 Wed 23/Nov/22 30 5.2 Verification of property and signing compensation agreements with PAP Thu 24/Nov/22 Wed 15/Feb/23 60 5.3 Acquisition of land for resettlement and replacement agriculture Thu 24/Nov/22 Wed 15/Feb/23 60 5.4 Construction of replacement houses Thu 16/Feb/23 Wed 21/Jun/23 90 5.5 Preparation of replacement agricultural land Thu 16/Feb/23 Wed 10/May/23 60 5.6 Payment of compensation to PAP Thu 22/Jun/23 Wed 13/Sep/23 60 5.7 Implementation of livelihood restoration plans Thu 11/May/23 Wed 02/Oct/24 365 5.8 Monitoring implementation Thu 11/May/23 Wed 02/Oct/24 365 5.9 Final external evaluation of resettlement and compensation programme Thu 03/Oct/24 Wed 30/Oct/24 20
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