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TAXON:Cotoneaster Pannosus Franch. SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk

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TAXON:Cotoneaster Pannosus Franch. SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Cotoneaster pannosus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Franch. Taxon: Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Family: Rosaceae Common Name(s): silverleaf cotoneaster Synonym(s): Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 12 Jan 2017 WRA Score: 11.0 Designation: H(Hawai'i) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Invasive Shrub, Dense Stands, Apomictic, Resprouter, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 12 Jan 2017 (Cotoneaster pannosus Page 1 of 16 Franch.) TAXON: Cotoneaster pannosus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Franch. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 2 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 y growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 y=-1, n=1 n biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 12 Jan 2017 (Cotoneaster pannosus Page 2 of 16 Franch.) TAXON: Cotoneaster pannosus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Franch. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds. 2003. Flora of China. Vol. 9 (Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae). No evidence of domestication Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. "Native: 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Temperate Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. China: China - Sichuan, - Yunnan" [Accessed 9 Jan 2017] DiTomaso, J. M., Kyser, G. B., Oneto, et al. 2013. Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. "Seeds require scarification and cold temperatures to germinate, so Weed Research and Information Center, University of ingestion by animals is important to facilitate seed germination." California, Davis, CA For the special case of a temperate species whose seeds have been reported to require cold-stratification for germination, the answer to WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication this question is 0 (low) and the answer to question 2.02 is 1 (intermediate) regardless of knowledge of the species' native range. 202 Quality of climate match data Intermediate Source(s) Notes For the special case of a temperate species whose seeds have been reported to require cold stratification for germination, the answer to WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication this question is 0 (low) and the answer to question 2.02 is 1 (intermediate) regardless of knowledge of the species' native range. Creation Date: 12 Jan 2017 (Cotoneaster pannosus Page 3 of 16 Franch.) TAXON: Cotoneaster pannosus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Franch. Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds. 2003. Flora of China. Vol. 9 (Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae). "1100 - 3200 m." [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden environmental versatility] Press, St. Louis Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). (2011). [A temperate species naturalized at mid to high elevations of a Cotoneaster pannosus. http://www.hear.org/Pier/. tropical/subtropical island] "Moist and wet forest areas, roadsides, [Accessed 12 Jan 2017] openings, at 3,000-6,500 ft. elevation in Hawai͚i." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Naturalized: Africa Southern Africa: South Africa USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Australasia 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australia: Australia Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Northern America [Accessed 12 Jan 2017] : United States Cultivated: . also cult." 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "Naturalised around populated areas mostly in the south-eastern parts of the country. It is most common in the coastal and sub- Queensland Government. (2017). Weeds of Australia. coastal regions of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Less Cotoneaster pannosus. http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org. common or scattered in the ACT, south-western Western Australia, [Accessed 9 Jan 2017] south-eastern South Australia and south-eastern Queensland. Also naturalised on Lord Howe Island. Naturalised overseas in southern Africa, western USA (i.e. Oregon and California) and Hawaii." "Naturalized: Africa USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Southern Africa: South Africa 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australasia Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Australia: Australia [Accessed 9 Jan 2017] Northern America : United States" Creation Date: 12 Jan 2017 (Cotoneaster pannosus Page 4 of 16 Franch.) TAXON: Cotoneaster pannosus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Franch. Qsn # Question Answer "Previously documented as naturalized on Kaua͚i and Maui (Lorence et al. 1995: 49; Herbarium Pacificum staff 1999: 8), Cotoneaster pannosus grows vigorously at high elevation sites. a large naturalized Parker, J.L. & Parsons, B. 2012. New Plant Records from population has been found near ͚hŵŝŬŽĂsŝůůĂŐĞŝŶƚŚĞ,ĈŵĈŬƵĂ the Big Island for ϮϬϭϬʹϮϬϭϭ͘Bishop Museum Occasional Distr. Material examined. HAWAI͚/͗,ĈŵĈŬƵĂŝƐƚƌ͚͘Umikoa Village Papers 113: 65-74 rd, 2211318n, 252407e. Densely clustered shrubs with alternate, silvery leaves, white flowers and orange berries, no thorns. spreading from gulch, 22 Jun 2010, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED127." "This cultivated species was noted in Wagner et al. (1990) as persisting and sometimes reproducing in Volcano, Hawai͚i, and Kula, Maui, and more recently was documented as definitely naturalizing on Kaua͚i (Lorence et al., 1995). The only previous Maui specimen at BISH was collected in 1986 from Polipoli Park in the Kula Forest Reserve (Hobdy 2697), located at about 6,500 ft elevation. The plant (although not specifically stated) was apparently cultivated and Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1999. New Hawaiian plant described as bushy tree about 12 ft tall. A collection was made in records for 1998. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 58: 3 1998 far downslope at 2,450 ft elevation, below the town of Këökea -11 in open Lantana scrubland/Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland from a 20 ft tall shrub with long, arching branches suckering profusely from the base. Smaller plants were randomly scattered in the surrounding pasturelands and adjoining black wattle forest. Material examined. EAST MAUI: Këökea, in open Lantana scrubland/kikuyu grassland downslope of Kula Hwy, 2450 ft, 17 Aug 1998, C. Imada, W. Char, & C.
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