Volcanoes on Earth and Mars

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Volcanoes on Earth and Mars Categoies Earth Mars Size-largest Mauna Kea is a volcano on the Olympus Mons is a shield island of Hawaii. The summit volcano on Mars and it is the of Mauna Kea has an elevation largest volcano in the Solar of 13,796 feet (4205 meters) System. Size- largest in area Tamu Massif has a footprint Alba Mons is the largest that covers more area than any volcano in the Solar System in other volcano - about 120,000 area. square miles Age 3.825 billion years ago to now Martian volcanic features range in age from 3.7 billion years- 500 million years after Mars had formed For more information please see the tables, charts and images below. The most common form of volcanism on the Earth is basaltic. Basalts are extrusive igneous rocks derived from the partial melting of the upper mantle. They are rich in iron and magnesium minerals and commonly dark gray in color. The principal type of volcanism on Mars is certainly basaltic too. On Earth, basaltic magmas commonly erupt as highly fluid flows. These styles are also common on Mars, but the lower gravity and atmospheric pressure on Mars allow nucleation of gas bubbles to occur more readily and at greater depths than on Earth. As a consequence, Martian basaltic volcanoes are also capable of erupting large quantities of ash in their eruptions. If insufficient atmosphere is incorporated, the column may collapse to form pyroclastic flows. There are many volcanoes on Mars. So many, that the planet is broken down into volcanic provinces for easier reference. Because the lower gravity of Mars generates less buoyancy forces on magma rising through the crust, the magma chambers that feed volcanoes on Mars are thought to be deeper and much larger than those on Earth. If a magma body on Mars is to reach close enough to the surface to erupt before solidifying, it must be big. Consequently, eruptions on Mars are less frequent than on Earth, but are of enormous scale and eruptive rate when they do occur. Somewhat paradoxically, the lower gravity of Mars also allows for longer and more widespread lava flows. Lava eruptions on Mars may be unimaginably huge. A vast lava flow the size of the state of Oregon has recently been described in western Elysium Planitia. The flow is believed to have been emplaced turbulently over the span of several weeks and thought to be one of the youngest lava flows on Mars. Categories Mars Earth name size name size Most massive (Area in km²) Alba Mons 5,700,000 Tamu Massif 310,800 Tallest (m) Olympus Mons 25,000 Mauna Kea 10,205 Largest (volume in km³) Arsia Mons 2,250,000 Mauna Loa 75,000 Tallest (m) Most massive (Area in km²) 6000000 30000 25000 5000000 20000 4000000 15000 3000000 10000 2000000 5000 1000000 0 Mars Earth 0 Mars Earth Largest (volume in km³) 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0 Mars Earth.

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Massive Basalt Flows on the Southern Flank of Tamu Massif, Shatsky Rise: a Reappraisal of ODP Site 1213 Basement Units1 A.A.P
Sager, W.W., Sano, T., Geldmacher, J., and the Expedition 324 Scientists Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Volume 324 Massive basalt flows on the southern flank of Tamu Massif, Shatsky Rise: a reappraisal of ODP Site 1213 basement units1 A.A.P. Koppers,2 T. Sano, 3 J.H. Natland,3 M. Widdowson,3 R. Almeev,3 A.R. Greene,3 D.T. Murphy,3 A. Delacour,3 M. Miyoshi,3 K. Shimizu,3 S. Li,3 N. Hirano,3 J. Geldmacher,3 and the Expedition 324 Scientists3 Chapter contents Abstract Abstract . 1 Drilling during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 198 at Site 1213 re- covered three massive basalt units (8–15 m thick) from the south- Introduction . 1 ern flank of Tamu Massif at Shatsky Rise. Originally, these igneous Volcanology and igneous petrology of Site 1213. 2 units were interpreted to represent three diabase sills. During In- Interpretation and conclusions. 5 tegrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324, this core was re- Acknowledgments. 6 described leading to the new conclusion that these diabase units References . 6 represent three submarine massive basalt flows. These massive Figures . 8 submarine flows were probably emplaced as inflated compound Table . 20 sheet flows during eruptions similar to those in large oceanic pla- teaus and continental flood basalts. Introduction The main objective of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 324 was to test competing mantle plume and plate tectonic models for ocean plateau formation at Shatsky Rise (Fig. F1). In these tests, determining the timing, duration, and source of volcanism at Shatsky Rise is of pivotal importance to under- stand the origin of this oceanic plateau.
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Scientists Confirm Existence of Largest Single Volcano on Earth (Update) 5 September 2013
Scientists confirm existence of largest single volcano on Earth (Update) 5 September 2013 Tamu Massif did indeed erupt from a single source near the center. "Tamu Massif is the biggest single shield volcano ever discovered on Earth," Sager said. "There may be larger volcanoes, because there are bigger igneous features out there such as the Ontong Java Plateau, but we don't know if these features are one volcano or complexes of volcanoes." MCS re?ection Line A–B, across the axis of Tamu Massif. Credit: Nature A University of Houston (UH) professor led a team of scientists to uncover the largest single volcano yet documented on Earth. Covering an area roughly equivalent to the British Isles or the state of New Mexico, this volcano, dubbed the Tamu Massif, is nearly as big as the giant volcanoes of Mars, placing it among the largest in the Solar System. William Sager, a professor in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at UH, first began studying the volcano about 20 years ago at Texas A&M's College of Geosciences. Sager and his team's findings appear in the Sept. 8 issue of Nature Geoscience, the monthly multi-disciplinary journal reflecting disciplines within the geosciences. Located about 1,000 miles east of Japan, Tamu Massif is the largest feature of Shatsky Rise, an underwater mountain range formed 130 to 145 million years ago by the eruption of several underwater volcanoes. Until now, it was unclear whether Tamu Massif was a single volcano, or a IODP technician Margaret Hastedt labels pieces of core composite of many eruption points.
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(2020) Pūhāhonu: Earth's Biggest and Hottest Shield Volcano. Earth And
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ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Formation and ¡!–[INS][E]–¿e¡!–[/INS]–¿volution of Shatsky Rise ¡!– [INS][O]–¿o¡!–[/INS]–¿ceanic ¡!–[INS][P]–¿p¡!–[/INS]–¿lateau: Insights from IODP Expedition 324 and ¡!–[INS][R]–¿r¡!–[/INS]–¿ecent ¡!–[INS][G]– ¿g¡!–[/INS]–¿eophysical ¡!–[INS][C]–¿c¡!–[/INS]–¿ruises William W. Sager, Takashi Sano, Jörg Geldmacher PII: S0012-8252(16)30098-8 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.05.011 Reference: EARTH 2264 To appear in: Earth Science Reviews Received date: 24 February 2015 Revised date: 3 May 2016 Accepted date: 26 May 2016 Please cite this article as: Sager, William W., Sano, Takashi, Geldmacher, Jörg, For- mation and ¡!–[INS][E]–¿e¡!–[/INS]–¿volution of Shatsky Rise ¡!–[INS][O]–¿o¡!–[/INS]– ¿ceanic ¡!–[INS][P]–¿p¡!–[/INS]–¿lateau: Insights from IODP Expedition 324 and ¡!– [INS][R]–¿r¡!–[/INS]–¿ecent ¡!–[INS][G]–¿g¡!–[/INS]–¿eophysical ¡!–[INS][C]–¿c¡!–[/INS]– ¿ruises, Earth Science Reviews (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.05.011 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Formation and Evolution of Shatsky Rise Oceanic Plateau: Insights from IODP Expedition 324 and Recent Geophysical Cruises
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