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Democratisation and National Development: a Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 DEMOCRATISATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA AND SOUTH KOREA, 1999 TO 2009 BY PETER, ABRAHAM MUSA PG/Ph.D/08/50232 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF Ph.D IN POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLITICAL ECONOMY) UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA SEPTEMBER, 2011 Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 i TITLE PAGE DEMOCRATIZATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA AND SOUTH KOREA, 1999 TO 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF Ph.D IN POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLITICAL ECONOMY), UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA BY PETER, ABRAHAM MUSA PG/Ph.D/08/50232 SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR JONAH I. ONUOHA SEPTEMBER, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, September 2011, by Peter, A. M. Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 ii APPROVAL PAGE This thesis has been approved by the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for the award of Ph.D in Political Science (Political Economy). -------------------------- ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------ Prof. Jonah I. Onuoha Date Prof. Obasi Igwe Date (Supervisor) (Head of Department) ---------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ---------------- Prof. E. O Ezeani Date Date (Dean of Faculty) (External Examiner) A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, September 2011, by Peter, A. M. Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 iii CERTIFICATION I certify that this work is original and has not been submitted for any degree in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka or any other university. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, September 2011, by Peter, A. M. Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 iv Dedicated to the Almighty God A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, September 2011, by Peter, A. M. Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The journey so far has not been easy. Many people too numerous to mention here have at one point or the other been helpful in bringing me to the present level of education. Be that as it may, mention must be made of some few individuals. Special tribute goes to Professor Jonah I. Onuoha who diligently and painstakingly supervised this work. His wealth of knowledge, experience and adequate understanding of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) supervision was brought to bear in ensuring that this work comes out well. Professors Obasi Igwe, Okey Ibeanu, Emmanuel O. Ezeani and Miriam Ikejiani- Clark (of the blessed memory) all of the Department of Political Science have been of great help to this work. They joined the other members of the Postgraduate Committee of the Department to make this work worthwhile. Drs Aloysius Michaels-Okolie, Ken Ifesinachi, Chukwu Umezurike, Peter Mbah and Mr. P. C. Chukwu made invaluable contributions to the successful completion of this work. Members of the academic and non-academic staff of the Faculty of the Social Sciences particularly those of the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for their help and cooperation. I also salute the moral and financial supports extended to me by my classmates particularly Eseduwo Famous, Okechukwu Madubuike, Michael Nwokedi and my hostel mates. The kind assistance I received from the Budget Office of the Federation (BOF), Federal Ministry of Finance cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Its Director General Dr Bright Okogu was very helpful in approving the release of the soft copy of Nigeria’s Appropriation Acts from 1999 to 2009 when I was working on my second Ph.D seminar. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics, United Nations Development Programme, Department for International Development, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and World Health Organization were used at one point or the other in the process of this work. I am eternally grateful to the Federal Scholarship Board of the Federal Ministry of Education for the scholarship offered me in the 2009/2010 academic year. The money really helped me to mop up my school fees at the School of Postgraduate School, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. I am very grateful for every kobo offered me at any point during the period of this programme. Though the names of all the people may not appear here, their labour of love will not be forgotten. Bishop (Dr) and Rev (Mrs.) Ken Dominics-Uloh and the entire pastorate council of Divine Grace Liberation Assembly, Nsukka, Evang. and Pastor (Mrs.) Sunday Oguche and Apostle (Prof.) Ademu Idama were of great price to me during the period of my stay at University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Their prayers and encouragements were monumental. Special thanks go to the academic and non-academic staffs of the Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri were of great encouragement to me within the period of this programme. Ven. (Prof.) and Dr (Mrs.) J. A. Oni of the Department of Continuing Education, University of Maiduguri and Barr. & Mrs. David Ojotule always remind me that it is well. I salute the cooperation extended to me by my uncles, aunts, cousins, nephews, and nieces during the period of this work. This space will not be enough to mention all their names. But remember, your names are written in golden pen forever. Your financial assistance, prayers, concerns and believe in me are well acknowledged. My siblings were patient with me during my ordeal as a student. I remained very grateful to Daniel, A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, September 2011, by Peter, A. M. Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 vi Sunday, Elijah, Samson, Joy, Audu and my elder sisters. I see great future ahead of them all. Bulk of the editorial works in this thesis and my previous seminars were done by Brother Chukwudi Okechukwu Kalu, a Ph.D student in the Department of English, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. I appreciate the prayers, concerns and love of Bros Ikechi Agbugba, Michael Olaolu, Zakka Barnabas, Joseph Iorhii, Ifeanyi Okafor, Ejike Orji, Valentine Ogwuche, Olorunfemi Dada Gabriel and Mummy Elizabeth Ogbonna are well appreciated. These acknowledgements will be incomplete without mentioning my own treasure. My meeting with Ojotule Faith Unekwu marked another dimension in the pursuit of this noble ambition. Our meeting was memorable, historic and purely divine. She is indeed a treasure to me. Her prayers, words of encouragements, gifts, and presence cannot be quantified in monetary terms. I am eternally indebted to her for the invaluable and inestimable role she played in the process of actualizing this dream. My beloved parents could have longed to see this day. This is a fulfillment of their greatest longing, dream and aspiration in live. Though they have gone to be with the LORD, I am convinced that if the dead will praise GOD, they should be jumping and praising HIM now. I am eternally very grateful to Mr. Peter and Mrs. Medina Virginia Musa (both of the blessed memory) for the role God used them to play in my life. The foundation dad and mum gave me has seen me through to this present level of education. The architect of all that happened in my life is God. My unalloyed thanks are due to HIM for everything. He has been my anchor and pillar in my frantic and painstaking efforts to attain the present level of education. My trust in HIM is unwavering and unabated. All I am now and all I will ever be are attributable to HIM. I owe my total and eternal allegiance to HIM. He has been my father, comforter, provider, and all. May HIS name be praised forever. Please kindly bear with me if your name is unavoidably missing from this list. Your role is highly appreciated. Even a sachet of water you gave me during the period of this programme is well treasured. May God bless all of you that have individually or collectively assisted me in one way or the other in ensuring the realization of this dream. May HE provide help for you at your respective points of needs. I am totally responsible for any error found in this work. Thank you all. Peter, A. M. September, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, September 2011, by Peter, A. M. Democratisation and National Development: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and South Korea, 1999 to 2009 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --i Approval Page -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ii Certification -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --iii Dedication -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --iv Acknowledgements -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --v Table of Contents -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --vii List of Tables -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ix List of Figures -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --xii Abbreviations -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --xii Abstract -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --xiii Chapter One: Introduction -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --1 Background of the Study -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --1 Statement of the Problem -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --7
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