Creeping Thistle Cirsium Arvense

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Creeping Thistle Cirsium arvense Common Name: Creeping Thistle or Canada Thistle Scientific Name:Cirsium arvense Family: Asteraceae Description Creeping Thistle it is native to Europe, Asia and Africa. This perennial plant can form new shoots from deep and extensive horizontal roots. It is one of the most invasive species in North America and is a noxious weed in most jurisdictions throughout Canada and the USA, including Alaska. Male and female flowers occur on separate plants Range in Yukon Known from the Haines Highway just south of Haines Junction, the Takhini Hotsprings and the La Biche River. It has occasionally been found in potted garden plants in Whitehorse. Similar Species Photo: Irina Lapina Elk Thistle (Cirsium foliosum) is a rare native species found throughout southern Yukon. It is often persecuted because it is mistaken for an introduced thistle. Elk Thistle is a biennial (flowers in the second year than dies) with a large flower head, and a stout carrot-like taproot. Elk Thistle grows in wet areas, usually near rivers. Ecological Impact Creeping Thistle competes directly with native plants for nutrients and water; it also produces chemicals that help displace native vegetation. It is an aggressive agricultural weed that has the potential to reduce crop yields by 100%. Due to its abundant and flammable leaf litter it can increase fire frequency and severity. Control Because the root system is usually well developed, it is almost impossible to dig out. Therefore perennial plants require depletion of nutrient reserves in the root system, prevention of seed production, and prevention of dispersal. If roots are cut or broken off new plants may sprout. Mowing or cutting to reduce root reserves and seed production should be done a few times a season for several years. When hand-pulling use a shovel and remove as much of the root as possible. When cut, flowering plants will continue to produce seeds. Plant material should be put in a clear plastic bag and placed in the sun until the roots and seeds are cooked. Yukon Invasive Species Council PO Box 30111, Y1A 5M2 [email protected] YISCYukon Invasive Species Council www.yukoninvasives.com.

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Invasive Asteraceae Copy.Indd

Family Asteraceae Family: Asteraceae Spotted Knapweed Centaurea biebersteinii DC. Synonyms Acosta maculosa auct. non Holub, Centaurea maculosa auct. non Lam. Related Species Russian Knapweed Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Description Spotted knapweed is a biennial to short-lived perennial plant. Seedling cotyledons are ovate, with the first leaves lance-shaped, undivided, and hairless. (Young seedlings can appear grass-like.) Stems grow 1 to 4 feet tall, and are many-branched, with a single flower at the end of each branch. Rosette leaves are indented or divided Old XID Services photo by Richard about half-way to the midrib. Stem leaves are alternate, pinnately divided, Spotted knapweed flower. and get increasingly smaller toward the tip of each branch. Flower heads are urn-shaped, up to 1 inch wide, and composed of pink, purple, or sometimes white disk flowers. A key characteristic of spotted knap- weed is the dark comb-like fringe on the tips of the bracts, found just below the flower petals. These dark-tipped bracts give this plant its “spotted” appearance. Russian knapweed is a creeping perennial plant that is extensively branched, with solitary urn-shaped pink or purple flower heads at the end of each branch. Similar in appearance to spotted knapweed, Russian knapweed can be distinguished by its slightly smaller flower heads, flower head bracts covered in light hairs, with papery tips, and scaly dark brown or black rhizomes, which have a burnt appearance. Family: Asteraceae Spotted Knapweed Leaves and stems of both spotted and Russian knapweeds are covered in fine hairs, giving the plants a grayish cast.
Canada Thistle Author: Various Cirsium Arvense (L.) Scop.; Parks Affected: All Breea Arvensis (L.) Lessing

COLORADO STATE PARKS BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WEED PROFILE Date Created: April 25, 2003 Revised: April 1, 2005 Canada thistle Author: Various Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.; Parks Affected: All Breea arvensis (L.) Lessing Family: Asteraceae (Sunflower) Other Names: field thistle, Californian thistle USDA Code: CIAR4 Keys to Identification: Legal Status: Colorado Noxious List B (top ten worst). • Purple flowers form in clusters of 1-5 per branch. Identification • The floral bracts of Canada Growth form: Perennial forb. thistle are spineless. Flower: Flower heads are white to purple and borne in clusters • Small heads, vanilla scent of 1-5 per branch, with a strong vanilla scent. Heads are only about 1cm in diameter. Seeds/Fruit: One-seeded fruits (achenes) are straw or light brown in color, straight or slightly curved (Moore 1975). Leaves: Leaves are spiny, alternate, oblong or lance-shaped, with the base leaves stalkless and clasping, or extended down along the stem. Stems: Mature plants range from 2-4 feet in height. Roots: Canada thistle has two types of roots, horizontal and vertical. The horizontal roots produce numerous shoots, while vertical roots store water and nutrients in their many small branches. Seedling: Early spring growth appears as rosettes with spiny- tipped, wavy leaves. Other: The floral bracts of Canada thistle are spineless. Similar Species Exotics: Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare); flower bracts are somewhat tapered and covered with spines. Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium); stems appear the have wings, floral bracts are covered with spines. Plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides); floral bracts are covered with sharp spines. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans); floral bracts are broad with spiny tips.
Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium

Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B.
Identification of Non-Native Plants in Alaska

Identification of Non -native Plants in Alaska 3211 Providence Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 Spring 2019 INTRODUCTION Suggested citation: Flagstad, L., Cortes-Burns, H., and Greenstein, C. 2019. Identification of Non-native Plants in Alaska. Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage. 219 pp. Contributions from: Matthew Carlson Justin Fulkerson Bonnie Bernard Helen Klein Miriah Phelps Timm Nawrocki Irina Lapina Natalie Konig Financial support from: Duplication of hardcopy or digital AKNHP products with the intent to sell is prohibited without written consent by AKNHP. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 3 AKNHP ............................................................................................................... 4 AKEPIC............................................................................................................... 5 Concepts of Invasiveness and Ranking ............................................................... 6 IPM ...................................................................................................................... 7 How to Use this Guide ........................................................................................ 8 Plant Morphology ................................................................................................ 9 Asteraceae ................................................................................................................
ICBEMP Analysis of Vascular Plants

APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Concern APPENDIX 2 List of Species Conservation Reports APPENDIX 3 Rare Species Habitat Group Analysis APPENDIX 4 Rare Plant Communities APPENDIX 5 Plants of Cultural Importance APPENDIX 6 Research, Development, and Applications Database APPENDIX 7 Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Interior Columbia River Basin 122 APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Conservation Concern These range maps were compiled from data from State Heritage Programs in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. This information represents what was known at the end of the 1994 field season. These maps may not represent the most recent information on distribution and range for these taxa but it does illustrate geographic distribution across the assessment area. For many of these species, this is the first time information has been compiled on this scale. For the continued viability of many of these taxa, it is imperative that we begin to manage for them across their range and across administrative boundaries. Of the 173 taxa analyzed, there are maps for 153 taxa. For those taxa that were not tracked by heritage programs, we were not able to generate range maps. (Antmnnrin aromatica) ( ,a-’(,. .e-~pi~] i----j \ T--- d-,/‘-- L-J?.,: . ey SAP?E%. %!?:,KnC,$ESS -,,-a-c--- --y-- I -&zII~ County Boundaries w1. ~~~~ State Boundaries <ii&-----\ \m;qw,er Columbia River Basin .---__ ,$ 4 i- +--pa ‘,,, ;[- ;-J-k, Assessment Area 1 /./ .*#a , --% C-p ,, , Suecies Locations ‘V 7 ‘\ I, !. / :L __---_- r--j -.---.- Columbia River Basin s-5: ts I, ,e: I’ 7 j ;\ ‘-3 “.
Appendix 6. Pre-Construction Rare Plant Surveys

Appendix 6. Pre-construction Rare Plant Surveys INTERIM REPORT PRE-CONSTRUCTION RARE PLANT SURVEYS SITE C CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT PREPARED BY: EAGLE CAP CONSULTING LTD. 1103-240 70 SHAWVILLE BLVD. SE CALGARY, ALBERTA T2Y 2Z3 PREPARED FOR: BC HYDRO AND POWER AUTHORITY SUITE 600, 4 BENTALL CENTRE 1055 DUNSMUIR STREET PO BOX 49260 VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA NOVEMBER 11, 2017 INTERIM REPORT – PRECONSTRUCTION RARE PLANT SURVEYS – SITE C CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT Contents 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Areas Targeted for Pre-construction Surveys ............................................................................... 3 2.0 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Prefield Review ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................... 5 3.0 Results ..............................................................................................................................................
Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants

Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants June 1, 2011 By Scott Mincemoyer Montana Natural Heritage Program Helena, MT This checklist of Montana vascular plants is organized by Division, Class and Family. Species are listed alphabetically within this hierarchy. Synonyms, if any, are listed below each species and are slightly indented from the main species list. The list is generally composed of species which have been documented in the state and are vouchered by a specimen collection deposited at a recognized herbaria. Additionally, some species are included on the list based on their presence in the state being reported in published and unpublished botanical literature or through data submitted to MTNHP. The checklist is made possible by the contributions of numerous botanists, natural resource professionals and plant enthusiasts throughout Montana’s history. Recent work by Peter Lesica on a revised Flora of Montana (Lesica 2011) has been invaluable for compiling this checklist as has Lavin and Seibert’s “Grasses of Montana” (2011). Additionally, published volumes of the Flora of North America (FNA 1993+) have also proved very beneficial during this process. The taxonomy and nomenclature used in this checklist relies heavily on these previously mentioned resources, but does not strictly follow anyone of them. The Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants can be viewed or downloaded from the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s website at: http://mtnhp.org/plants/default.asp This publication will be updated periodically with more frequent revisions anticipated initially due to the need for further review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of particular taxonomic groups (e.g. Arabis s.l ., Crataegus , Physaria ) and the need to clarify the presence or absence in the state of some species.
ASTERACEAE: CARDUEAE) David J

NEW TAXA AND NEW COMBINATIONS IN NORTH AMERICAN CIRSIUM (ASTERACEAE: CARDUEAE) David J. Keil Biological Sciences Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, California 93407, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Six new varieties are proposed in North American Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae): C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. tenuisectum D.J. Keil var. nov., C. eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Rob. var. viperinum D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. edule Nutt. var. wenatchense D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. occidentale (Nutt.) Jeps. var. lucianum D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. scariosum Nutt. var. robustum D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. scariosum Nutt. var. toiyabense D.J. Keil, var. nov. Additionally, twenty new combinations are presented: C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum (Eastw.) D.J. Keil, comb. nov., C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. chellyense (R.J. Moore & Frankton) D.J. Keil, comb. et stat. nov., C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. rothrockii (A. Gray) D.J. Keil, comb. et stat. nov., C. clavatum (M.E. Jones) Petrak var. americanum (A. Gray) D.J. Keil, comb. nov., C. clavatum (M.E. Jones) Petrak var. osterhoutii (Rydb.) D.J. Keil, comb. et stat. nov., C. cymosum (Greene) J.T. Howell var. canovirens (Rydb.) D.J. Keil, comb. et stat. nov., C. eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Rob. var. eriocephalum (A. Nelson) D.J. Keil, comb. nov., C. eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Rob. var. hesperium (Eastw.) D.J. Keil, comb. et stat. nov., C. eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Rob. var. peckii (L.F. Hend.) D.J. Keil, comb.
Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of

RWKiger 5 Jul 18 Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 19, 20, and 21, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbreviated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix "a"; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with "b". Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes.
Appendix 6. Pre-Construction Rare Plant Surveys

Appendix 6. Pre-construction Rare Plant Surveys INTERIM REPORT PRE-CONSTRUCTION RARE PLANT SURVEYS SITE C CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT PREPARED BY: EAGLE CAP CONSULTING LTD. 1103-240 70 SHAWVILLE BLVD. SE CALGARY, ALBERTA T2Y 2Z3 PREPARED FOR: BC HYDRO AND POWER AUTHORITY SUITE 600, 4 BENTALL CENTRE 1055 DUNSMUIR STREET PO BOX 49260 VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA NOVEMBER 11, 2017 INTERIM REPORT – PRECONSTRUCTION RARE PLANT SURVEYS – SITE C CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT Contents 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Areas Targeted for Pre-construction Surveys ............................................................................... 3 2.0 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Prefield Review ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................... 5 3.0 Results ..............................................................................................................................................
Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region

Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region (VERSION 3) NEIL SNOW Herbarium Pacificum Bernice P. Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, HI 96817 [email protected] Suggested citation: Snow, N. 2009. Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region (Version 3). 316 pp. Retrievable from the Colorado Native Plant Society (http://www.conps.org/plant_lists.html). The author retains the rights irrespective of its electronic posting. Please circulate freely. 1 Snow, N. January 2009. Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region. (Version 3). Dedication To all who work on behalf of the conservation of species and ecosystems. Abbreviated Table of Contents Fern Allies and Ferns.........................................................................................................12 Gymnopserms ....................................................................................................................19 Angiosperms ......................................................................................................................21 Amaranthaceae ............................................................................................................23 Apiaceae ......................................................................................................................31 Asteraceae....................................................................................................................38 Boraginaceae ...............................................................................................................98
Plant Taxonomy Lecture Notes

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