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Changes in the Midgut Diverticula Epithelial Cells of the European
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Changes in the midgut diverticula epithelial cells of the European cave spider, Meta menardi, under Received: 13 March 2018 Accepted: 24 August 2018 controlled winter starvation Published: xx xx xxxx Saška Lipovšek1,2,3,4, Tone Novak2, Franc Janžekovič2, Nina Brdelak5 & Gerd Leitinger 4 The European cave spider, Meta menardi, is among the most common troglophile species inhabiting the cave entrance zone in Europe, where prey is scarce in winter. Spiders feed only if prey is available; otherwise, they are subjected to long-term winter starvation. We carried out a four-month winter starvation of M. menardi under controlled conditions to analyze ultrastructural changes in the midgut diverticula epithelial cells at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the starvation period. We used light microscopy, TEM and quantifed reserve lipids and glycogen. The midgut diverticula epithelium consisted of secretory cells, digestive cells and adipocytes. During starvation, gradual vacuolization of some digestive cells, and some necrotic digestive cells and adipocytes appeared. Autophagic structures, autophagosomes, autolysosomes and residual bodies were found in all three cell types. Spherites and the energy-reserve compounds were gradually exploited, until in some spherites only the membrane remained. Comparison between spring, autumn and winter starvation reveals that, during the growth period, M. menardi accumulate reserve compounds in spherites and protein granules, and energy-supplying lipids and glycogen, like many epigean, overwintering arthropods. In M. menardi, otherwise active all over the year, this is an adaptive response to the potential absence of prey in winter. Te European cave spider, Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) inhabit the twilight zone of most hypogean habitats across Europe. -
SLAM Project
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e69924 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e69924 Data Paper SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: I - the spiders from native forests of Terceira and Pico Islands (2012-2019) Ricardo Costa‡, Paulo A. V. Borges‡,§ ‡ cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal § IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group,, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal Corresponding author: Paulo A. V. Borges ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pedro Cardoso Received: 09 Jun 2021 | Accepted: 05 Jul 2021 | Published: 01 Sep 2021 Citation: Costa R, Borges PAV (2021) SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: I - the spiders from native forests of Terceira and Pico Islands (2012-2019). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e69924. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69924 Abstract Background Long-term monitoring of invertebrate communities is needed to understand the impact of key biodiversity erosion drivers (e.g. habitat fragmentation and degradation, invasive species, pollution, climatic changes) on the biodiversity of these high diverse organisms. The data we present are part of the long-term project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) that started in 2012, aiming to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers on Azorean native forests (Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal). In this contribution, the design of the project, its objectives and the first available data for the spider fauna of two Islands (Pico and Terceira) are described. -
Spider Biodiversity Patterns and Their Conservation in the Azorean
Systematics and Biodiversity 6 (2): 249–282 Issued 6 June 2008 doi:10.1017/S1477200008002648 Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum ∗ Paulo A.V. Borges1 & Joerg Wunderlich2 Spider biodiversity patterns and their 1Azorean Biodiversity Group, Departamento de Ciˆencias conservation in the Azorean archipelago, Agr´arias, CITA-A, Universidade dos Ac¸ores. Campus de Angra, with descriptions of new species Terra-Ch˜a; Angra do Hero´ısmo – 9700-851 – Terceira (Ac¸ores); Portugal. Email: [email protected] 2Oberer H¨auselbergweg 24, Abstract In this contribution, we report on patterns of spider species diversity of 69493 Hirschberg, Germany. the Azores, based on recently standardised sampling protocols in different hab- Email: joergwunderlich@ t-online.de itats of this geologically young and isolated volcanic archipelago. A total of 122 species is investigated, including eight new species, eight new records for the submitted December 2005 Azorean islands and 61 previously known species, with 131 new records for indi- accepted November 2006 vidual islands. Biodiversity patterns are investigated, namely patterns of range size distribution for endemics and non-endemics, habitat distribution patterns, island similarity in species composition and the estimation of species richness for the Azores. Newly described species are: Oonopidae – Orchestina furcillata Wunderlich; Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae – Porrhomma borgesi Wunderlich; Turinyphia cavernicola Wunderlich; Linyphiidae: Micronetinae – Agyneta depigmentata Wunderlich; Linyph- iidae: -
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment December 2013 IND: SASEC Road Connectivity Investment Program (formerly SASEC Road Connectivity Sector Project) Asian Highway 2 (India /Nepal Border to India/Bangladesh Border) Asian Highway 48 (India/Bhutan Border to India/Bangladesh Border) Prepared by Ministry of Roads Transport and Highways, Government of India and Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal for the Asian Development Bank. This is a revised version of the draft originally posted in July 2013 available on http://www.adb.org/projects/47341- 001/documents/. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 30 April 2013) Currency unit – Indian rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $ 0.01818 $1.00 = INR 55.00 ABBREVIATION AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AAQ Ambient air quality AAQM Ambient air quality monitoring ADB Asian Development Bank AH Asian Highway ASI Archaeological Survey of India BDL Below detectable limit BGL Below ground level BOD Biochemical oxygen demand BOQ Bill of quantity CCE Chief Controller of Explosives CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CO Carbon monoxide COD Chemical oxygen demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DFO Divisional Forest Officer DG Diesel generating set DO Dissolved oxygen DPR Detailed project report E&S Environment and social EA Executing agency EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EFP Environmental Focal Person EHS Environment Health and Safety EIA Environmental impact assessment EMOP Environmental monitoring plan EMP Environmental -
Report of State Geologist, 18Q6. WASHINGTON's Monmlent
Report of State Geologist, 18Q6. PLATE IV. WASHINGTON'S MONmlENT MARENGO CAVE. INDIANA CAYES AND THEIR FAUNA. BY W. S. BLATOHLEY. The Bubcarboniferous limestone area of southern Indiana contains many sink holes and caves within its bounds. This area is, for the most part, embraced in the counties of Owen, Monroe, Lawrence, Washington, Orange, Harrison and Crawford. Going southward from the center of the State, the sink holes first become a prominent feature of the surface in eastern Owen and western Morgan Counties, and are found in num bers thereafter, in the area mentioned, until the Ohio River is reached, beyond which, in Kentucky, they are said to be still more numerous, in Sink many portions of the State averaging 100 to the square mile. These sink holes vary much in size, sometimes being but a Holes. rod or two across, and again embracing several acres in extent. They are, for the most part, inverted cones or funnel shaped cavities, and, where small, usually have the sides covered with a matt~d growth of vines and shrubs. Where larger, trees of varying size are often found growing from the scanty soil on the sides, or from the bottom of the sink. If one will examine closely the lowest point of a sink hole, he will usually find a crevice or fissure through the limestone, or sometimes a la~ge opening which, if it be possible to enter, will be found to lead to an underground cavity-a cave. Both sink holes and caves not only owe their origin, but usually their entire formation, to the slow, unceasing action of rain or carbonated water upon the limestone strata in which they occur. -
196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 a Revised Checklist of the Spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection Criteria and Lists
196 Arachnology (2019)18 (3), 196–212 A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain Methods and Ireland Selection criteria and lists Alastair Lavery The checklist has two main sections; List A contains all Burach, Carnbo, species proved or suspected to be established and List B Kinross, KY13 0NX species recorded only in specific circumstances. email: [email protected] The criterion for inclusion in list A is evidence that self- sustaining populations of the species are established within Great Britain and Ireland. This is taken to include records Abstract from the same site over a number of years or from a number A revised checklist of spider species found in Great Britain and of sites. Species not recorded after 1919, one hundred years Ireland is presented together with their national distributions, before the publication of this list, are not included, though national and international conservation statuses and syn- this has not been applied strictly for Irish species because of onymies. The list allows users to access the sources most often substantially lower recording levels. used in studying spiders on the archipelago. The list does not differentiate between species naturally Keywords: Araneae • Europe occurring and those that have established with human assis- tance; in practice this can be very difficult to determine. Introduction List A: species established in natural or semi-natural A checklist can have multiple purposes. Its primary pur- habitats pose is to provide an up-to-date list of the species found in the geographical area and, as in this case, to major divisions The main species list, List A1, includes all species found within that area. -
Assessing Spider Species Richness and Composition in Mediterranean Cork Oak Forests
acta oecologica 33 (2008) 114–127 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actoec Original article Assessing spider species richness and composition in Mediterranean cork oak forests Pedro Cardosoa,b,c,*, Clara Gasparc,d, Luis C. Pereirae, Israel Silvab, Se´rgio S. Henriquese, Ricardo R. da Silvae, Pedro Sousaf aNatural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum and Centre for Macroecology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark bCentre of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Rua Ernesto de Vasconcelos Ed. C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal cAgricultural Sciences Department – CITA-A, University of Azores, Terra-Cha˜, 9701-851 Angra do Heroı´smo, Portugal dBiodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK eDepartment of Biology, University of E´vora, Nu´cleo da Mitra, 7002-554 E´vora, Portugal fCIBIO, Research Centre on Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Oporto, Campus Agra´rio de Vaira˜o, 4485-661 Vaira˜o, Portugal article info abstract Article history: Semi-quantitative sampling protocols have been proposed as the most cost-effective and Received 8 January 2007 comprehensive way of sampling spiders in many regions of the world. In the present study, Accepted 3 October 2007 a balanced sampling design with the same number of samples per day, time of day, collec- Published online 19 November 2007 tor and method, was used to assess the species richness and composition of a Quercus suber woodland in Central Portugal. A total of 475 samples, each corresponding to one hour of Keywords: effective fieldwork, were taken. -
National Speleologi'c-Al Society
Bulletin Number Five NATIONAL SPELEOLOGI'C-AL SOCIETY n this Issue: CAVES IN WORLD HISTORY . B ~ BERT MORGAN THE GEM OF CAVES' . .. .. • B DALE WHITE CA VE FAUN A, with Recent Additions to the Lit ture Bl J. A. FOWLER CAT ALOG OF THE SOCIETY LJBR R . B)' ROBERT S. BRAY OCTOBER, 1943 PRJ E 1.0 0 . ------------------------------------------- .-'~ BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Issue Number Five October, 1943 750 Copies. 64 Pages Published sporadically by THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 510 Scar Building, Washington, D. c., ac $1.00 per copy. Copyrighc, 1943, by THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. EDITOR: DON BLOCH 5606 Sonoma Road, Bethesda-14, Maryland ASSOCIATE EDITORS: ROBERT BRAY WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON J. S. PETRIE OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN *WM. ]. STEPHENSON J. S. PETR'IE *LEROY FOOTE F. DURR President Vice·Prcsidet1l & Secretary Treasurer Pina~iaJ Sect'eIM"J 7108 Prospect Avenue 400 S. Glebe Road R. D. 3 2005 Kansas Avenue Richmond, Va. Arlin-glon, Va. Waterbury, Conn. Richmond, Va. Archeology Fauna Hydrology Programs &. Activities FLOYD BARLOGA JAMES FOWLER DR. WM. M. MCGILL DR. JAMES BENN 202·8 Lee Boulevard 6420 14th Street 6 Wayside Place, University U. S. Nat. Museum Arlington, Va. Washington, D . C. Charlottesville, Va. Washington, D. C. Bibliography &. Library Finance Mapping PubliCity *ROBERT BRAY *l.EROY FOOTB GBORGE CRABB *·Lou KLBWEJ.t R. F. D. 2 R. F. D. 3 P. O. Box 791 Toledo Blade Herndon, Va. Waterbury, Conn. Blacksburg, Va. Toledo, Ohio BuIletin &. Publications Folklore Metnbership DON BLOCH "'CLAY PERRY SAM ALLBN RECORDS 5606 Sonoma Road East Acres 1226 Wel.Jesley Avenue *FLORENCE WHITLI!Y Deorhesda, Md. -
Plan Gestion RNN Grotte Carr
2014113-0003 Conseil Scientifique Régional du Patrimoine Naturel de Franche-Comté AVIS N°2013 – 13 Date validation officielle : Objet : Plan de gestion de la Réserve naturelle Vote : favorable 20/12/2013 nationale de la Grotte du Carroussel Examen par le Groupe de travail “Espaces protégés” du CSRPN Le groupe de travail, réuni le 28 novembre 2013, a examiné le plan de gestion de la réserve naturelle nationale de la Grotte du Carroussel pour la période 2014-2018, proposé par la CPEPESC, gestionnaire et représentée par Mme Claire DELTEIL, conservatrice de la réserve, et M. Cédric GUILLAUME, invités à présenter le plan de gestion à la séance du groupe de travail, et a entendu les conclusions de M. Hugues PINSTON, rapporteur du plan de gestion. Examen par l’assemblée plénière du CSRPN Lors de la séance plénière du 20 décembre 2013, les membres du CSRPN ont entendu les conclusions de M. H. PINSTON (rapporteur) et de Mme G. MAGNON (animatrice du groupe de travail) et les précisions de Mme C. DELTEIL et M. C GUILLAUME. Considérant que : - le plan de gestion rédigé par le gestionnaire de la réserve décrit de manière satisfaisante les habitats et les 13 espèces de chiroptères présentes sur le site durant les 5 dernières années, - le niveau de réalisation des actions du précédent plan de gestion (28 actions en totalité soit 50 %), 18 actions partiellement réalisées soit 32 %) et 10 actions non réalisées soit 18 %) constitue un bilan satisfaisant, - les objectifs de connaissance retenus tiennent compte des enjeux identifiés dans le diagnostic et -
Cave Spiders Choose Optimal Environmental Factors with Respect
OPEN Cave spiders choose optimal SUBJECT AREAS: environmental factors with respect to the ENGINEERING EVOLUTION generated entropy when laying their Received cocoon 20 May 2014 Eliodoro Chiavazzo1, Marco Isaia2, Stefano Mammola2, Emiliano Lepore3, Luigi Ventola1, Pietro Asinari1 Accepted & Nicola Maria Pugno3,4,5 27 November 2014 Published 1Multi-Scale Modeling Lab (SMaLL), Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy, 5 January 2015 2Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy, 3Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy, 4Centre of Materials and Microsystems, 5 Correspondence and Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Santa Croce 77, 38122 Trento, Italy, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, UK. requests for materials should be addressed to N.M.P. (nicola. The choice of a suitable area to spiders where to lay eggs is promoted in terms of Darwinian fitness. Despite [email protected]) its importance, the underlying factors behind this key decision are generally poorly understood. Here, we designed a multidisciplinary study based both on in-field data and laboratory experiments focusing on the European cave spider Meta menardi (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) and aiming at understanding the selective forces driving the female in the choice of the depositional area. Our in-field data analysis demonstrated a major role of air velocity and distance from the cave entrance within a particular cave in driving the female choice. -
Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration
P1: SKH/ary P2: MBL/vks QC: MBL/agr T1: MBL October 27, 1997 17:44 Annual Reviews AR048-27 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1998. 43:619–43 Copyright c 1998 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF SPIDER COLORATION G. S. Oxford Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO1 5YW, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] R. G. Gillespie Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 409, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; e-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: color, crypsis, genetics, guanine, melanism, mimicry, natural selection, pigments, polymorphism, sexual dimorphism ABSTRACT Genetic color variation provides a tangible link between the external phenotype of an organism and its underlying genetic determination and thus furnishes a tractable system with which to explore fundamental evolutionary phenomena. Here we examine the basis of color variation in spiders and its evolutionary and ecological implications. Reversible color changes, resulting from several mechanisms, are surprisingly widespread in the group and must be distinguished from true genetic variation for color to be used as an evolutionary tool. Genetic polymorphism occurs in a large number of families and is frequently sex limited: Sex linkage has not yet been demonstrated, nor have the forces promoting sex limitation been elucidated. It is argued that the production of color is metabolically costly and is principally maintained by the action of sight-hunting predators. Key avenues for future research are suggested. INTRODUCTION Differences in color and pattern among individuals have long been recognized as providing a tractable system with which to address fundamental evolutionary questions (57). -
Functional Traits of Indigenous and Exotic Ground-Dwelling Arthropods Show Contrasting Responses to Land-Use Change in an Oceani
Functional traits of indigenous and exotic ground-dwelling arthropods show contrasting responses to land-use change in an oceanic island, Terceira, Azores François Rigal, Pedro Cardoso, Jorge Lobo, Kostas Triantis, Robert Whittaker, Isabel Amorim, Paulo Borges To cite this version: François Rigal, Pedro Cardoso, Jorge Lobo, Kostas Triantis, Robert Whittaker, et al.. Functional traits of indigenous and exotic ground-dwelling arthropods show contrasting responses to land-use change in an oceanic island, Terceira, Azores. Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, 2018, 24, pp.36-47. 10.1111/ddi.12655. hal-01596143 HAL Id: hal-01596143 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01596143 Submitted on 27 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Functional traits of indigenous and exotic ground-dwelling arthropods show 2 contrasting responses to land-use change in an oceanic island, Terceira, Azores 3 François Rigal1,2*, Pedro Cardoso1,3, Jorge M. Lobo4, Kostas A. Triantis1,5, Robert J. 4 Whittaker6,7, Isabel R. Amorim1 and Paulo A.V. Borges1 5 1cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean 6 Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências e 7 Engenharia do Ambiente, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal 8 2CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et 9 de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, MIRA, Environment and 10 Microbiology Team, UMR 5254, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France 11 3Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.