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The Secotioid Syndrome
76(1) Mycologia January -February 1984 Official Publication of the Mycological Society of America THE SECOTIOID SYNDROME Department of Biological Sciences, Sun Francisco State University, Sun Francisco, California 94132 I would like to begin this lecture by complimenting the Officers and Council of The Mycological Society of America for their high degree of cooperation and support during my term of office and for their obvious dedication to the welfare of the Society. In addition. I welcome the privilege of expressing my sincere appreciation to the membership of The Mycological Society of America for al- lowing me to serve them as President and Secretary-Treasurer of the Society. It has been a long and rewarding association. Finally, it is with great pleasure and gratitude that I dedicate this lecture to Dr. Alexander H. Smith, Emeritus Professor of Botany at the University of Michigan, who, over thirty years ago in a moment of weakness, agreed to accept me as a graduate student and who has spent a good portion of the ensuing years patiently explaining to me the intricacies, inconsis- tencies and attributes of the higher fungi. Thank you, Alex, for the invaluable experience and privilege of spending so many delightful and profitable hours with you. The purpose of this lecture is to explore the possible relationships between the gill fungi and the secotioid fungi, both epigeous and hypogeous, and to present a hypothesis regarding the direction of their evolution. Earlier studies on the secotioid fungi have been made by Harkness (I), Zeller (13). Zeller and Dodge (14, 15), Singer (2), Smith (5. -
Genera of Agaricales: Amparoina, Cystoagaricus
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 1980 Band/Volume: 33 Autor(en)/Author(s): Horak Egon Artikel/Article: Taxonomy and distribution of two little known, monotypic genera of Agaricales: Amparoina, Cystoagaricus. 64-70 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Taxonomy and distribution of two little known, monotypic genera of Agaricales: Amparoina, Cystoagaricus E. HORAK Geobotanical Institute, ETHZ, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland Summary. — Type material and additional collections both of Amparoina spinosissima (SINGER) SINGER and Cystoagaricus strobilomyces (MURRILL) SINGER are critically revised and discussed. The two species are fully illustrated and their circumpacific geographic distribution is mapped. Amparoina SINGER 1958 Mycologia 50 : 103 Type (and only species): Amparoina spinosissima (SINGER) SINGER 1958: 1. c. — Fig. 1. Bas.: Marasmius spinosissimus SINGER 1950: Schweiz. Zt. Pilzkunde 28: 193. Syn.: Amparoina heteracantha SINGER 1976: Rev. Myc. 40: 58. Pileus 3—10 mm, ovoid, hemispheric or convex, expanded in mature specimens; all over covered with conic to pyramidal spines (up to 2 mm long) from the universal veil, washed off in aged material and exposing smooth to subgranular cuticle; white, cream or pallid; dry, strongly striate or sulcate towards margin, thin, membranaceous, margin without veil remnants; spines concolorous, fragile and rapidly desintegrating. Lamellae (L 10—15, —3), free to adnexed, ventri- cose; white to concolorous with pileus, margin concolorous, even. Stipe 15—30x0.5—1 (—1.5 at bass) mm, cylindric, equal or gradual- ly attenuated towards apex; concolorous with pileus; pruinose at apex, becoming velutinous, hairy or even strigose towards base; dry, fragile, solid, single in groups, cortina absent. -
Species of Hypholoma(Fr.) P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae,Agaricales) in Rio
Acta bot. bras. 21(3): 609-621. 2007 Species of Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil1 Vagner Gularte Cortez2 and Rosa Mara Borges da Silveira3 Received: February 10, 2006. Accepted: December 12, 2006 RESUMO – (Espécies de Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, discussões e chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. conhecidas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, além de uma revisão do material de Hypholoma depositado na coleção Fungi Rickiani. A partir das coletas realizadas pelos autores, bem como estudo do material depositado nos principais herbários do estado e do país, verificou-se a ocorrência das seguintes espécies: H. aurantiacum (Cooke) Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr.) Kühner e H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Dennis. Palavras-chave: Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetidae, Stropharioideae, Nematoloma, micobiota brasileira ABSTRACT – (Species of Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Detailed descriptions, illustrations, discussions and a key for identification of the known species of the genus Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. in Rio Grande do Sul state are presented, as well as a revision of the Hypholoma specimens deposited in the Fungi Rickiani collection. Based on the authors’ collections and the herbarium revision, the following species were recognized: H. aurantiacum (Cooke) Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr.) Kühner, and H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Dennis. Key words: Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetidae, Stropharioideae, Nematoloma, Brazilian mycobiota Introduction to tropical areas, growing on decomposing wood, live trees, mosses or soil (Singer 1986). -
Toadstools and Mushrooms and Other Larger Fungi of South Australia
Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia, issued by the British Science Guild (South Australian Branch) and published by favour of the Honourable the Premier (Hon. R. L. Butler , M.P .) TOADSTOOLS AND MUSHROOMS AND OTHER Larger Fungi of South Australia. By JOHN BURTON CLELAND, M.D. Part I. CONTAINING GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND THE TOADSTOOLS and MUSHROOMS. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. PRICE : FIVE SHILLINGS. COPYRIGHT. • • ADELAIDE: Printed by Harrison Weir, Government Printer, North Terrace. June 15, 1934. HANDBOOKS ISSUED. Flora (J. M. Black). Part I., 1922, 3s.; Part II., 1924, 5s.; Part III., 1926, 5s. ; Part IV., 1929, 7s. Mammals (F. Wood Jones, D.Sc.). Part, I., 1923, 3s; Part II., 1924, 4s. ; Part III., 1925, 5s. Fishes (Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S.). 1923, 6s. The Building of Australia and the Succession of Life : with Special Reference to South Australia (Walter Howchin, F.G.S.). Part I., 1925, 5s.; II., Part 1928, 7s. 6d. ; Part III., 1930, 7s. 6d. Crustaceans (FlerbertM. Flale). Part I., 1927, 5s.; Part II., 1929, 5s. Reptiles and Amphibians (Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S.). 1929, 7s. 6d. Toadstools and Mushrooms and other Larger Fungi (J. B. Cleland M.D.). Part I., 1934, 5s. HANDBOOKS IN COURSE OF PREPARATION. Toadstools and Mushrooms and other Larger Fungi (J. B. Cleland, M.D.). Seaweeds (A. H. S. Lucas, M.A., B.Sc.). Spiders (R. H. Pulleine, M.B.). Moths and Butterflies (Norman B. Tindale, B.Sc.). Ants (J. Clark). Birds (A. M. Morgan, M.B., B.S.). Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia, issued by the British Science Guild (South Australian Branch) and published by favour of the Honourable the Premier (Hon. -
Commentary on Psilocybe Cyanescens Alexander Giessler* University of Göttingen, Germany
s in que Bio ni lo h g c y e T & d M Giessler, Adv Tech Biol Med 2017, 5:1 e e c Advanced Techniques in d n i c a i v DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000205 n d e A ISSN: 2379-1764 Biology & Medicine CommentaryResearch Article Open Access Commentary on Psilocybe cyanescens Alexander Giessler* University of Göttingen, Germany Psilocybe cyanescens Wakef. is a potently psychoactive P. cyanescens, but has a higher number of mating types [9,10]. synanthrope increasingly found in parks and flowerbeds in Simple mating experiments of P. cyanescens, P. azurescens and P. North American and European cities [1-3]. It is spreading allenii with the Australian relative, accompanied by fructification by mulch usage, garden waste and outdoor cultivations of experiments considering the ability to produce fertile offspring, private consumers. Dennis and Wakefield [4] described the would answer a lot of questions. An export of P. subaeruginosa holotype from a botanical garden in London. After decades to America and Europe, for example, by the shipping of wood or of globalization, the question is standing to reason, where this exotic plants, in the early 20th century is well imaginable. saprobic fungal alien initially came from. References Although a species delimitation to the European P. serbica [5] 1. Gartz J (1996) Observations on the Psilocybe cyanescens complex of Europe meanwhile is accepted among mycologists, P. cyanescens´ relation and North America. Annali dei Musei Civici di Rovereto 12: 209-218. to the North American P. azurescens [6] and P. allenii [7], as well 2. Stamets P (2000) Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. -
Notes, Outline and Divergence Times of Basidiomycota
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota 1,2,3 1,4 3 5 5 Mao-Qiang He • Rui-Lin Zhao • Kevin D. Hyde • Dominik Begerow • Martin Kemler • 6 7 8,9 10 11 Andrey Yurkov • Eric H. C. McKenzie • Olivier Raspe´ • Makoto Kakishima • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • 12 13 14 15 16 Else C. Vellinga • Roy Halling • Viktor Papp • Ivan V. Zmitrovich • Bart Buyck • 8,9 3 17 18 1 Damien Ertz • Nalin N. Wijayawardene • Bao-Kai Cui • Nathan Schoutteten • Xin-Zhan Liu • 19 1 1,3 1 1 1 Tai-Hui Li • Yi-Jian Yao • Xin-Yu Zhu • An-Qi Liu • Guo-Jie Li • Ming-Zhe Zhang • 1 1 20 21,22 23 Zhi-Lin Ling • Bin Cao • Vladimı´r Antonı´n • Teun Boekhout • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva • 18 24 25 26 27 Eske De Crop • Cony Decock • Ba´lint Dima • Arun Kumar Dutta • Jack W. Fell • 28 29 30 31 Jo´ zsef Geml • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad • Admir J. Giachini • Tatiana B. Gibertoni • 32 33,34 17 35 Sergio P. Gorjo´ n • Danny Haelewaters • Shuang-Hui He • Brendan P. Hodkinson • 36 37 38 39 40,41 Egon Horak • Tamotsu Hoshino • Alfredo Justo • Young Woon Lim • Nelson Menolli Jr. • 42 43,44 45 46 47 Armin Mesˇic´ • Jean-Marc Moncalvo • Gregory M. Mueller • La´szlo´ G. Nagy • R. Henrik Nilsson • 48 48 49 2 Machiel Noordeloos • Jorinde Nuytinck • Takamichi Orihara • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan • 50,51 52 53 Mario Rajchenberg • Alexandre G. -
Thinking, Un-Thinking, Re-Thinking Fungi
Thinking, un-thinking, re-thinking fungi An Australian chanterelle (Cantharellus concinnus) emerges from leaf litter in Yarra State Forest, Victoria. All photos: Alison Pouliot Extracted from The Allure Of Fungi While more people care about fungi in Australia today than historically, fungi remain largely absent from an ecological awareness that includes other life forms. Conservation in Australia has mostly attempted to manage nature though a command-and-control approach, rather than acknowledging and protecting its inherent connectedness. A growing environmental awareness and concern in the 1970s saw the rise of an ecological consciousness along with the establishment of more national parks. It was during this time that fungi also penetrated the remote edges of public awareness. Given the ubiquity and ecological significance of fungi, almost all environmental issues involve them. Declining air, water and soil quality, species extinction, catastrophic fire and the overarching issue of climate change all affect fungi, but the effects are seldom noticed or documented. As fungi operate on slow timescales in invisible realms, they are especially prone to changes and impacts that slip below the radar, unnoticed and unmonitored. If a fungus species or a thousand fungus species succumb to extinction in the subterrains of the soil, would anybody notice? I suspect only a few, and only then if the fungi were known in the first place, writes Alison Pouliot. 2 | Wildlife Australia | AUTUMN 2019 European Périgord truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Bern, Switzerland. The edibility of truffle fungi has been known for thousands of years, and the European Périgord truffle is one of the most sought after. -
Agaricineae, Agaricales) for Accommodating the Genera Mythicomyces and Stagnicola, and Simocybe Parvispora Reconsidered
VOLUME 3 JUNE 2019 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 41–56 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.03.05 Mythicomycetaceae fam. nov. (Agaricineae, Agaricales) for accommodating the genera Mythicomyces and Stagnicola, and Simocybe parvispora reconsidered A. Vizzini1*, G. Consiglio2, M. Marchetti3 1Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 2Via Ronzani 61, I-40033 Casalecchio di Reno (Bologna), Italy 3Via Molise 8, I-56123 Pisa, Italy Key words: *Corresponding author: [email protected] Agaricomycetes Basidiomycota Abstract: The analysis of a combined dataset including 5.8S (ITS) rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and rpb2 data from molecular systematics species of the Agaricineae (Agaricoid clade) supports a shared monophyletic origin of the monotypic genera new taxa Mythicomyces and Stagnicola. The new family Mythicomycetaceae, sister to Psathyrellaceae, is here proposed Phaeocollybia to name this clade, which is characterised, within the dark-spored agarics, by basidiomata with a mycenoid to Psathyrellaceae phaeocollybioid habit, absence of veils, a cartilaginous-horny, often tapering stipe, which discolours dark brown taxonomy towards the base, a greyish brown, pale hazel brown spore deposit, smooth or minutely punctate-verruculose spores without a germ pore, cheilocystidia always present, as metuloids (thick-walled inocybe-like elements) or as thin- walled elements, pleurocystidia, when present, as metuloids, pileipellis as a thin ixocutis without cystidioid elements, clamp-connections present everywhere, and growth on wood debris in wet habitats of boreal, subalpine to montane coniferous forests. Simocybe parvispora from Spain (two collections, including the holotype), which clusters with all the sequenced collections ofStagnicola perplexa from Canada, USA, France and Sweden, must be regarded as a later synonym of the latter. -
Psychedelic Fungus (Psilocybe Sp.) Authentication in a Case of Illegal
Science & Justice 59 (2019) 102–108 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science & Justice journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scijus Technical note Psychedelic fungus (Psilocybe sp.) authentication in a case of illegal drug traffic: sporological, molecular analysis and identification of the T psychoactive substance ⁎ Jaime Solanoa, , Leonardo Anabalónb, Sylvia Figueroac, Cristian Lizamac, Luis Chávez Reyesc, David Gangitanod a Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco, Región de La Araucanía 4813302, Chile b Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco, Región de La Araucanía 4813302, Chile c Laboratorio de Criminalística, Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, Chile. d Department of Forensic Science, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In nature, there are > 200 species of fungi with hallucinogenic properties. These fungi are classified as Forensic plant science Psilocybe, Gymnopilus, and Panaeolus which contain active principles with hallucinogenic properties such as Psychedelic fungus ibotenic acid, psilocybin, psilocin, or baeocystin. In Chile, fungi seizures are mainly of mature specimens or Psilocybe spores. However, clandestine laboratories have been found that process fungus samples at the mycelium stage. In High resolution melting analysis this transient stage of growth (mycelium), traditional taxonomic identification is not feasible, making it ne- cessary to develop a new method of study. Currently, DNA analysis is the only reliable method that can be used as an identification tool for the purposes of supporting evidence, due to the high variability of DNA between species. -
Cortinarioid Fungi of New Zealand I
Karl Soop Cortinarioid Fungi of New Zealand i Cortinarioid Fungi of New Zealand An Iconography and Key Eleventh Revised Edition Introduction Preface This book is intended as one small step towards bridging an obvious gap in the literature on New Zealand fungi, viz. colour illustrations and descriptions of dark-spored agaricoid and gastroid species that grow in native forests. During many study visits to the country I have repeatedly experienced the need for such a publication, a need that stems from the following observations: • The target group of fungi is well represented in New Zealand. During parts of the season it dominates the mycoflora in vast areas of the native forests. • At the same time these species are poorly known. Only a modest number have been named, described, and published, and even fewer have been illustrated in colour. In Europe and other parts of the world many cortinarioid fungi have proven critical as indicators of valuable biotopes and areas worthy of conservation. There is evidence that this also applies to New Zealand, which adds to the incentive to explore the target group and its role within the ecology of the region. It is my hope that the book will inspire resident mycologists to continue studies of this important and fascinating subject. It is evident that much remains to be done and that many new species will be discovered. This book must therefore be seen as provisional in the sense that it will be subject to periodical updates as new data become available. Inevitably, also some names will be provisional, used as working names or as tentative identification, until they are later confirmed or perhaps amended. -
Growth and Variability of Leratiomyces Erythrocephalus, the Scarlet Pouch
Mycological Notes 16: Growth and variability of Leratiomyces erythrocephalus, the Scarlet Pouch Fungus Jerry Cooper – September 2012 The familiar scarlet pouch fungus can be quite variable in appearance and that has caught out more than one mycologist, including me. Here I describe that variability, and I also predict this fungus will eventually spread around the world on wood chips. Leratiomyces erythrocephalus is one of our most iconic fungi. It was originally named Secotium erythrocephalum from material collected by Étienne Fiacre Louis Raoul near Akaroa. Raoul was surgeon on the expedition ship L'Aube. In 3 years in New Zealand from 1837 to 1840 he collected many plant specimens, mostly from the Akaroa area (during the episode of the French claim for New Zealand). Our fungus was first described in an article authored by Raoul 1844 (Annales des sciences naturelles) where the introduction of the name was attributed to Louis Tulasne. The same article Tulasne describes the equally iconic Illeodictyon cibarium, also from Akaroa. Raoul/Tulasne describe Secotium erythrocephalum as scarlet capped, with a white stem and 2-spored. Both species were again covered in Raoul's 'Choix De Plantes De La Nouvelle-Zelande' in 1846. Raoul's original description of the fungus is the classical concept of a stalked, secotioid scarlet-capped fungus. Louis Tulasne, along with his brother Charles, described the genus in more detail in 1845 (Annales des sciences naturelles) and in this article he first depicts the nearly gastroid form of the primordial fruitbody. Tulasnes' depiction of the primordial Secotium erythrocephalum. In 1891 Lloyd described what we now consider to be the same taxon, sent to him by H.W Laing from Lyttleton under the name Secotium lutescens, which as the name suggests was described as pale yellow, and without the stipe extending. -
Sacred Mushroom Studies
ETHNOMYCOLOGICAL JOURNALS: SACRED MUSHROOM STUDIES An Independent Journal Documenting Historical Data Pertaining To The Occurrence And Use Of Psilocybian Fungi in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bali and Fiji. Including a reference listing of all chemical analysis pertaining to such alkaloids found in psilocybian mushrooms DELUXE EDITION EDITED BY JOHN W. ALLEN and PRAKITSIN SIHANONTH VOLUME IX JAN-DEC 2012 [2013] NUMBERS 1-2 ONLINE - [MAPS.Org] Original Cover Art for Teonanácatl: A Bibliography of Entheogenic Fungi. Acrylic Art by Josh Bakehorn. ETHNOMYCOLOGICAL JOURNALS: SACRED MUSHROOM STUDIES VOLUME IX EDITED BY JOHN W. ALLEN AND PRAKITSIN SIHANONTH Psilocybe antioquensis, Bantrey Srei (Temple of the Women), Angkor Wat, Xiem Riap, Kampuchea. A Special Edition Published Online Courtesy of Rick Doblin and the Staff of MAPS Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies at: http://www.maps.org Three original articles, One book review (CD-ROM), and more than 246 full-colored photographs. ISBN 158-214-396-XPublisher: MAPS (Rick Doblin), John W. Allen (Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.) and Prakitsin Sihanonth, Ph.D., (Chulalongkorn University, Department of Microbiology, Bangkok, Thailand) and Exotic Forays, Seattle, Washington. January-December 2012 [2013] Ethnomycological Journals: An Ethnopharmacological and Ethnomycological Update on the Sacred Mushroom Studies Vol. Occurrence, Use, Cultivation, Chemical Analysis, and SEM IX. January-June 2012. An Independent research journal Photography of Neurotropic Fungi from Thailand, Cambodia and devoted to presenting current data other Regions of South and Southeast Asia, on studies concerning historical and Indonesia and Bali………………………………….……………….1 medical value of psilocybian John W. Allen, Prakitsin Sihanonth, Jochen Gartz and Gianluca Toro. mushrooms throughout history.