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A Critical Reflection on Imagining a Better Pentecostal Theology

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A Critical Reflection on Imagining a Better Pentecostal Theology EXPLORING ECONOMICS NEO-PENTECOSTALISM AND SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY: A CRITICAL REFLECTION ON IMAGINING A BETTER PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY by PAUL SIMANDALA MAPANI submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY in the subject Practical Theology at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF. BALOYI MAGEZI ELIJAH YEAR OF FINAL REGISTRATION 2019 DECLARATION I PAUL SIMANDALA MAPANI Declare that Exploring Economics Neo-Pentecostalism and Scientific Rationality: A Critical Reflection of Imagining a better Pentecostal Theology in Livingstone is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of competence references. Paul S. Mapani Date: 16. January 2020 (Signature) ABSTRACT This study explored the lack of integrating a scientific imagination and rationality in the hermeneutic and theological practices of neo-Pentecostal churches in the town of Livingstone, Zambia. Although the vantage point of the study was primarily practical theology, the researcher adopted both an interdisciplinary and a multidisciplinary approach. This assisted the researcher in understanding the different theoretical nuances that inform neo-Pentecostal theological practices as propagated by its proponents. An in-depth scientific analysis premised on the critical theory approach was conducted to find out whether or not neo-Pentecostal communicative practices contribute positively to the economic conditions of local church members in Livingstone. The theological framework for this study was based on the “pastoral cycle”, which ought to be at the very heart of any contemporary practical theology (Ballard & Pritchard 2006). The research methodology consisted of data collection, interpretation and analysis (comparing and contrasting primary sources in the light of the data collected). Research participants' personal narratives of their experience of neo-Pentecostal practices were heard in a semi-structured format. These aided in establishing ecclesiastical views on the causes of the lack of integrating a scientific imagination and rationality in neo-Pentecostal spiritual experience; and consequently informed the study on whether the current theological orientations of neo-Pentecostal congregations in Livingstone have a positive or negative impact on the economic conditions of members. Two forms of data collection were employed, namely qualitative interviews and observation instruments. KEY TERMS: Neo-Pentecostalism; Practical theology; Pastoral cycle, Science; Technological advancements; Indigenous African beliefs; Poverty, Spirituality, Economic conditions; The prosperity gospel NKOMISo LOWU NGA NA VUXOKOXOKO BYA NDZAVISISO WA DYONDZO Ndzavisiso lowu wu langutisa ku pfumaleka ka vuanakanyi hi vuntshwa bya xisayense na ku va na ngqhondo eka mamfambiselo ya vulavisisi na vuxopaxopi ku hlamusela matsalelo na mafambiselo ya swa vugandzeri eka tikereke ta Pentakosta leyintshwa edorobeni ra Livingston, eZambia. Hambileswi masungulo ya ndzavisiso a ku ri mafambiselo ya vugandzeri, mulavisisi u tirhise fambiselo ra interdisciplinary na multidisciplinary. Leswi swi pfunete mulavisisi ku twisisa ku hambana eka swa thiyori leyi yi nga xiseketelo xa Pentakosta leyintshwa ya swa vugandzeri na mafambiselo ya kona tanhilaha swi endliwaka hi lava nga vachumayeri va yona pentakosta leyintshwa. Vuxopaxopi bya xisayense byi seketeriwe hi thiyori yo xopaxopa leyi nga endliwa ku kuma leswo xana mafambiselo ya Pentakosta leyintshwa ya pfuneta eka swiyimo swa ikhonomi eka swirho swa kereke swa yona eLivingston. Rimba ra swa vugandzeri eka ndzavisiso lowu wu seketeriwe hi ndzhenzheleko wa vurisi bya kereke ku nga "pastoral cycle", lowu wu faneleke ku va mbilu ya mafambiselo wahi na wahi ya vugandzeri (Ballard & Pritchard 2006). Methodoloji ya ndzavisiso a yi katsa ku hlengeletea vutivi, ku byi toloka no byi xopaxopa (ku kotlanisa na ku pimanisa swihlovo swa vutivi hi ku landza data leyi yi nga hlengeletiwa). Lava a va ri na xiavo eka ndzavisiso, va endle marungula ya vona na ntokoto wa vona hi mafambiselo ya Pentekosta leyintshwa ya yingiseriwile hi fomati yo ka yi nga kunguhatiwangi swinene ku nga semi-structured format. Leswi swi pfunete ekusunguleni mianakanyo ya kereke ya vukreste hi swivangelo swa ku pfumaleka ka ku hlanganisa na ku anakanya hi vuntshwa mavonelo na ntokoto eka swa moya hi swa Pentekosta leyintshwa; hi ku landza swona leswi, swi pfunete ndzavisiso hi leswo xana mavonelo yo hambana hi swa vugandzeri bya Pentakosta leyintshwa eka nhlengeletano eLivingston leswo xana yi na vuyelo lebyinene kumbe lebyi nga ri ku lebyinene eka swiyimo swa ikhonomi ya swirho. Ku tirhisiwe minxaka mimbirhi ya nhlengeleto ya vutivi, ku nga qualitative interviews na xitirho xa ku languta kunene leswi endlekaka (observation instruments). Table of Contents ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................................................ 13 1.3 RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY .......................................................................................................... 14 1.4 STRUCTURAL BACKGROUND OF THE INTERVIEWS ............................................................................. 16 1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................... 17 1.6 CHAPTER DIVISIONS .................................................................................................................. 18 1.7 METHOD OF RESEARCH .............................................................................................................. 19 1.7.1 THE QUALITATIVE APPROACH ........................................................................................................... 21 1.7.2 THE TASK ..................................................................................................................................... 22 1.7.3 THE POPULATION .......................................................................................................................... 24 1.7.4 THE INTERVIEWEES ........................................................................................................................ 24 1.7.5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................ 25 1.7.6 THE INTERVIEWS ........................................................................................................................... 26 1.7.7 DESCRIPTIVE APPROACH AND CRITICAL THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY .................................. 26 1.7.8 ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................... 27 1.7.9 CONFIDENTIALITY .......................................................................................................................... 28 1.7.10 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION ................................................................................................................. 29 1.8 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................... 30 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................... 43 3.1 THE ROLE OF PRACTICAL THEOLOGY FOR THIS STUDY ........................................................................ 43 CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................... 48 4.1 THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN ZAMBIA ESPECIALLY IN LIVINGSTONE. .......................... 48 4.1.1 NEO-PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES' PRACTICAL COMMUNAL ENGAGEMENT .................................................. 51 4.2 THE INFLUENCE OF NEO-PENTECOSTALISM ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN. ........ 54 4.2.1 EXAMPLES OF DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF PENTECOSTALISM IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. ......................... 56 4.3 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 62 CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................... 63 5.1 AFRICAN ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONSTRUCT: HOW IT INFORMS NEO-PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY. ...................................................................................................................................... 63 5.1.1 PRESERVING TRADITIONAL ZAMBIAN CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN A POST-MODERN ERA ................................ 67 5.1.2 AFRICAN COSMOLOGY AND SALVIFIC PROCESS ...................................................................................
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