Mariachi Girl a Graduate Project Subm
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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Teaching Language and Culture With a Musical Play: Mariachi Girl A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Theatre By Linda Russano December 2018 Signature Page The graduate project of Linda Russano is approved: _________________________________________ ______________ Professor Anamarie Gallardo de Dwyer Date _________________________________________ ______________ Professor Adrián Pérez Boluda, PhD Date _________________________________________ ______________ Professor Matthew Jackson, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Table of Contents Signature Page .................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... v Section 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 Childhood Play and Cultural Curiosity – A Personal Reflection .................................... 1 Mariachi Girl ................................................................................................................... 2 Personal Background and Graduate Project Methodology ............................................. 3 Classroom Experiences - Personal Reflections and Observations .............................. 5 Section 2: Learning through Drama and Theatre ................................................................ 9 Hull House and Viola Spolin .......................................................................................... 9 Roxanne Schroeder-Arce and Culturally Responsive Teaching ................................... 12 Reader’s Theatre ........................................................................................................... 14 Section 3: Pedagogy and Practices ................................................................................... 16 California Standards 4th - 5th Grade Language and Performing Arts ............................ 16 LA Opera ....................................................................................................................... 19 Perspective from Spain .................................................................................................. 20 Current Events ........................................................................................................... 20 National and Regional Approaches to English Education ........................................ 22 Tiger Team ............................................................................................................ 22 Challenges to Language Learning – Catalunya (Catalonia) ................................. 24 Graduate Project Goals and Cariño CEIP Curriculum .............................................. 25 North American Language and Culture Program in Galicia ..................................... 26 In Cariño - Personal Observations and Reflections .............................................. 27 iii Language and Linguistics - Challenges and Solutions ..................................... 27 LÓVA ................................................................................................................... 28 Section 4: Mariachi Girl for use in Language and Cultural Education ............................. 31 A Multicultural, Multilingual and Cross-Discipline Approach .................................... 31 Section 5: Creating the Workbook for Mariachi Girl ....................................................... 36 About the Play ............................................................................................................... 39 What is Mariachi? ......................................................................................................... 39 Make-Believe and Acting .............................................................................................. 40 Let’s Talk – More About Mariachi Girl ........................................................................ 41 Music and Tradition ...................................................................................................... 41 Cita Finds Inspiration .................................................................................................... 43 English and Spanish Word Search ................................................................................ 43 Making Theatre ............................................................................................................. 44 Do you Know These Jobs Onstage and Offstage? .................................................... 44 Setting the Stage ........................................................................................................ 44 Posters and Playbills .................................................................................................. 44 Cita Performs ................................................................................................................. 45 Dancers and Movement in Mariachi ............................................................................. 45 Mariachi Attire .............................................................................................................. 46 Make Your Own Mariachi Moño (Bow Tie) ................................................................ 46 What Kind of Play Would You Write? What Kind of Son Would You Sing? ............. 46 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 48 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 49 iv Abstract Teaching Language and Culture With a Musical Play: Mariachi Girl By Linda Russano Master of Arts in Theatre As increasing interdependence within the contemporary global community has also led to a dichotomy of building both bridges and walls worldwide, the potential for creating empathy and cultural understanding through theatre and performing arts is as important now as at any time in history. The power of communication through theatre, especially as it can influence young audiences and participants, may be life-changing and influential in shifting society. This graduate project considers those concepts as it uses the musical play Mariachi Girl to provide American language and cultural education in v Spain. With those ideals in mind, I have created a teaching tool to accompany the play, the Mariachi Girl Workbook for Language and Cultural Education (“Workbook”). Through study of the play, in-class exercises, and the Workbook, this graduate project teaches students cultural history and influences of Mexican-Americans in the United States; English and Spanish language in America, musical tradition and instruments, mariachi, theatre practices; concepts of immigration; gender roles; family in society. The project considers application of California curriculum standards for fourth and fifth graders, Spain and European Union standards, and the potential for teaching both English and Spanish language learners in the United States. It has been used to teach North American English and Culture for fourth and fifth graders in the coastal town of Cariño, province of A Coruña, in the autonomous region of Galicia, northwest Spain. Research to create and implement the Workbook has been conducted on-site in Spain while participating in the North American Language and Cultural Assistant program through the Education Ministry of Spain, and the Autonomous Region of Galicia. The process of creating the Workbook as a teaching tool is the essence of this graduate project. Characteristics of those participating in the classrooms where the Workbook was created are not included. There are observations and reflections of my own experiences in the creative process. As a multicultural, multicultural and cross- discipline approach to teaching, the process will be useful for further study and can be applied as a model for future projects in theatre, music and drama in education and community engagement. vi Section 1: Introduction Childhood Play and Cultural Curiosity – A Personal Reflection The desire to sing, to play, to engage in family and community ritual has been with me since childhood. The joy of expressing oneself in song was valued in my home. Along with one musical sister, and another who tried, we were in demand at family gatherings. A cousin would play guitar with the American folk songbook of the 1960s and 1970s, and the only grandparent I knew, my paternal grandmother, would beam. From my upstairs bedroom under the eaves, I’d hear my mother’s bright soprano ring out in Spanish while she did chores inside, or while hanging clothes outside on the line in our semi-rural Connecticut backyard. My childhood vocal repertoire included the Mexican song Cielito Lindo (Lovely Sweet One) and Cuba’s Guantanamera (The Woman from Guantánamo). Wearing our embroidered peasant blouses, my musical middle sister Ann would play Joan Baez songs on her guitar while I sang along, or we’d listen to those songs on the record player as we plotted our future. My mother was American born, of Spanish descent, and introduced us to the Pan-American world she knew from her own upbringing. Given a sense-memory theatrical exercise today, I can still draw on the sensations of playing dress-up