Automobile Engine: Basic Ignition Timing. Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 261 177 U. 042 322

AUTHOR Vick, James E. TITLE Automobile Engine: Basic Ignition Timing. Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project. INSTITUTION Dearborn Public Schools, Mich. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 85 NOTE 70p.; For related documents, see CE 042 318-325. AVAILABLE FROMDearborn Public Schools; 4824 Lois Avenue, Dearborn, MI 48126 ($1.50; more than 10--$1.00 each). PUB TYPE Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171) -- Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) LANGUAGE English; Arabic

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Arabic; *Auto Mechanics; Behavioral Objectives; Bilingual Education Programs; Bilingual Instructional Materials; *Engines; Learning Activities; Learning Modules; Limited English Speaking; Pretests Posttests; Pronunciation Instruction; Secondary Education; Trade and Industrial Education; Vocational Education; *Vocational English (Sinond Language) IDENTIFIERS *Ignition Systems

ABSTRACT These two vocational instructional modules on basic automobile ignition timing and on engine operation, four-stroke cycle, are two of eight such modules designed to assist recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), in. critical instructional areas in a comprehensive high school. Goal stated for this module is for the student enrolled in automobile courses to learn the correct basic ignition timing of an automobile engine and to explain the operation of the automobile engine during the four-strokes of the operating cycle and to identify the various parts of the engine. Each module consists of these parts: title; program goal and performance objectives; a pronunciation key; a language page which offers the pronunciation, definition, and usage of key terms in English and in Arabic; a pretest; bilingual (English and Arabic) language (vocabulary and usage) activities; evaluation; pretest and activity answer sheets; and a list of supplewentary materials and their location. For each activity the objective, a list of materials needed, procedure, and evaluation are provided in addition to the necessary activity sheets or pages. Each module ccntains three activities. (YLB)

*********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** UST COPY AVAILABLE F ILINGUAL DEMONS ION JE

14%411et$N-:rewP (N1 e CI :4W1tral 41* S

AUTOMOBILE E IE: BASIC IGNITION TIMING

097; 3J J.,cr. cp_itamwealimv4,z,a4J

U.& DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEENGqANTED BY (CENTER (MCI 1 This doetniant Ms beenffoploduced as reclined horn the person or orgemeatton originating it Li Minor changes have beenmade to improve reproduction quality,

Points of view or opinions statedin this docte TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOUR S ment do not necessarily represent officialNIE Position Or poky, INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." ABOUT THE PROJECT

The 'Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is'designed to assist

recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to

adapt to a large and comprehensive high scaool. The project consists of

academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers

and students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television

modules, staff development activities, and home-community liaison.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

The modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional

areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined

by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-

sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and 411 usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were

translated, duplicated, and field tested.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

James E. Vick did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University

and his graduate training at Eastern Michigan University. James has worked

in the Automotive area at Fordson High School for the past 14 years.

The skills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined

is critical for better understanding Automobile Engine Operation.

3 CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Special Assistance:

Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor Wendy Sample - Graphics Christine Rajda - Typist Tahsine Bazzi - Translation

Demonstration Staff:

Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor Jim Petrie - Facilitator Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison Issaaf Beydoun - Instructional Aide Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide Karim Michael - Instructional Aide RihabAhmad- Secretary

Dearborn Board of Education:

Agnes Dobronski - President Ronald Chapman - Trustee Kathleen Walsh - Vice President David MacKenzie - Trustee Mary Bugeia - Secretary Ruth Sample - Trustee Suzanne Mcllhiny - Treasurer

Administration:

Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School

Special Acknowledgement:

The interest; concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source of strength and inspiration to us all.

4 Portions of or the entire instructional module maybe reproduced except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.

This Project was supported by the United States Department of

Education.

The contents of this instructional module were developed under a grant for the United States Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal

Government.

tr AUTOMOBILE ENGINE OPERATION

BASIC IGNITION TIMING 2

This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English

111 proficiency students in learning the basic ignition timing of an automobile engine. The unit is designed for students enrolled in automotive courses.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to identify the correct basic ignition timing of an automobile engine with 100% accuracy.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:After completing the activities of this module, the student will:

1. identify the compression stroke of an engine; (Activity 1)

III2. identify the exhaust stroke of an engine; (Activity 1)

3. click-over an engine's crankshaft using the keyswitch; (Activity 2)

4. locate the ignition timing marks; (Activity 3)

5. locate the timing mark "0" degrees; (Activity 3)

6. identify the correct time for the spark plug to fire; (Activity 3)

7. position piston number 1at the top of the compression stroke on an operating engine with 100% accuracy. (Activity 3) 3

PRETEST J1.4.=6.1

Write the coerect letter in the space t1.riJ1 tri 11.7,.J1 I available.

1. The part of the engine that 441.0WJAAJI IALSJI 1 moves up and down in the cylinder is "11J,J,L., "Iajaa the: t 1.L.,...11 a. valve c. cylinder (WajS)rii.k.eJl ajAAJI a S b. crankshaft d. piston

cr.1.1.13.3J1 . 2. The part of the engine that turns when the piston moves down is the: L 1)1'1.4 (akj.S)tarii./.7.-11 a. crankshaft c. cylinder ,51..z.:-NV I b. combustion d. valve

4,.:Jlele,...11 cr. LiaiJl .r 3. The part that makes the gasoline burn is the: a. piston c. spark plug ,J4.11 b. battery d. exhaust faLa a (1,,,JLIA.0

Laaax .E 4. When the piston moves up and "lajsou.LeSX W.J.N-J down the crankshaft: a. moves up c. strokes C u,1s I (.7.11 dtio.z,. b. moves down d. turns j jaw a L11

c'141 "IbjAocrl-eSA dlLez.e o The piston moves up on the: 5. _ a. compressions and intake stroke

b. intake and exhaust stroke J JJF-J1 c. exhaust and compression stroke a)14, a d. power and exhaust stroke

Go on to next page. t.:JI Y,j.JI t.11 v:.1 4

PRETEST (continued)

6. The stroke that squeezes the a`.1...,..111 c) I 1 gasoline and air mixture together is ; " Lau. I,*-11.2 the: a. intake stroke ityr. _ I b. compression stroke c. power stroke zJJ311 .1, _ c d. exhaust stroke I Lr. -

7. During the compression stroke 14-16,11 hol4 .114.:6:411 141. .y the gasoline-air mixture: 0-1Q-L.1 - 'IJA a. stays in the cylinder - -LIJ1.111 44tr tie - b. moves out the exhaust valve ajAIA tjt.i. c. burns d. moves into the engine 4j...A 44 j4a, _.

8. During the exhaust stroke the ".11 Ire Cra->:*41.2 IJ1-0 -14- 0 1 *A gasoline-air mixture: ; JJJ,JI a. stays in the cylinder ( ,h.111 )- u.Le,e - b. moves out of the cylinder 14'1.01'41 0-* V"-ft- c. moves into the cylinder 1,11_46.111J. a u.11 . d. burns ajz., -

ILAAAIJA 9. When the piston is on the u.t5L4a.la .1 compression stroke, it is:

L,bil v11 a. moving down c. moving up JA.1 uA"LS., ,z- t b. turning d. spinning over and a oljja LA*. 44 over

10. When the piston is on the c414.1111 Nei u,., <_ . exhaust stroke, it is: a. moving down c. moving up I Lyn " c J.1.1t,JI" LS ,,a.:..- b. turning d. spinning over and .)- -f- ul,,aJ 4a over

Go on to next paqe. 1,4 1-7JI la.i.JI t,JI I 5

PRETEST (continued)

11. Adjusting the engine so that '-lm"T"" d"..2 di..e:4J1.6%`4:1 01 *11 the spark plug fires at the proper tri"tara-111..; time is called: :tramme _ a. mixture adjustment b. compression setting &rani.) c. basic ignition timing ter..L.21Jt-stOn' Lao k,..; d. setting the intake valve Yea F

12. You can identify the compression IT stroke by: a. looking at the timing marks 1 4z.L.Sts u.11 L,. 1 b.. removing a spark plug and feeling 01.4 for air blowing out of the plug tgat.e.L.11 cjLi. slja hole c. removing a spark plug, looking 'Tr;aka into the cylinder d. checking for air going into the Jig. 4,J14.?-1. I _IA crs L cylinder IL1J0...21

13. The.timing marks show the: A a. condition of the battery _ b. position of the piston t.,44J1 tel., c. condition of the spark plug JJLA c d. position of the spark plug jj.:J1 LA:4 a

14. The timing marks are located utaceijz-nc.1-4g aq-jz .11 --

_ I on the: 44Lejtill a. points dt.e-a b. right side of the engine c. left side of the engine d. front of the engine

Go on to next page. ZeJlzJI LA I

iU 6

PRETEST (continued) e":1,

15. You can click-over the engine kjj.) o

by: J.,. a. tapping with a wrench " I " Lit". . b. pushing the car tikt c c. turning the keyswitch 1..)1 al a d. hitting with a hammer

16. The parts shown below are called: :oLL4i kjaLka u4.:1)1 a. crankshaft triatroj.".$.... b. piston ua-r.t - c c. timing marks ake...A FUJI - 4 d. engine numbers

17. The spark plug should fire jja oy when the piston is: a. at the top of the exhaust stroke c.4.114.11 As Itra b. at the top of the compression stroke LUL.i..:11krt.kris 1tri c., at the bottom of the intake stroke JL.1tea d. at the bottom of the power stroke j.)-1 1,31J1krt. I tra

Go on to next page. t.110:41 11 7 .

PRETEST (continued)

stji.A 1.4.1s .IA 18. Whenair blows out of the spark ojSzt, JJAJI &A,04...a plug hole andthe timing marks are abAAJ1 lined-up, theengine: a. will starteasily because "basic timing" iscorrect ev" b. will coughand shake because "basiC "tet .V1 Q.. cz_pcy,c; tivAro" iswrong c. not start .Atv d. burn up inflames

19. The timing marks line-up t.,J 11 when the piston is on the: ub-r-1-,J. Ckflie a. intake stroke b. compression stroke LAAA I1.'4. t.e c. compression and exhaust stroke 4). I,, d. power and intake strokt, %ea...11j

20. Which stroke of the four- stroke cycle is shown below: "IA .01 1.1":11 a. intake stroke b. compression stroke. Liaz11 c. power stroke lja.1111 c d. exhaust stroke (j,141) c...1.1.:4 1

12 8

PRETEST -- .ANSWER KEY

1. d 6. b 11. c 16. c

2. a 7. a 12. b 17. b

3. c 8. b 13. b 18. a

4. d 9. c 14. d 19. c

9. c 10. c 15. c 20. b

13 9

PRONUNCIATION KEY

/a/ as in Adam /m/ as in man

/5/ as in cake /n/ as in man

/e/ as in let /p/ as in Or. Pepper

/5/ as in meet qu equals /kw/ as in gait

/i/ as in sit In as in run

/T/ as in ice cream /s/ as in sun

/o/ as in hot /t/ as in ten

/6/ as in Coke /v/ as in van

/u/ as in Seven Up /w/ as in woman

/5/ as in blue /x/ as in extra

/b/ as in boy /y/ as in yet (sometimes /6/ as in many) c equals /s/ as in cents (10t) III /k/ as in cat /z/ as in zebra

/d/ as in day /sh/ as in shut

/f/ as in four /ch/ as in church

a equals /g/ as in go /ng/ as in sis. /dz/ as in page /th/ (voiced) as in this /h/ as in he ./th/ (unvoiced) as in thing j equals /dz/ as in jail oo equals /5/ as in food /k/ as in kick /u/ as in good

/1/ as in Cola

14 10

VOCABULARY

'F. basic ignition timing e.1..41 J La:41

making the spark plug fire at the I ..krt :Jab correct time when the piston is at the top of the compression -12.,1: kris 1tri stroke

2. click . 61.15)1112 _ T A noise that is very short. A noise that sounds like a click can Val.,. 1315- JT 441 44.11.4,1.1.>1 be made by turning the key on a p2o kjinerril clzjw car and quickly letting go of the key. This is called "clicking- over" the engine.

3. compression .r pushing or squeezing gasoline and air together to make a high .j Ls Maio .1.>11 pressure

4. compression stroke lijkilL111 liZ when the piston moves up in the 14.16,1.4J A,A0 jh

cylinder to squeeze the gasoline- iii1 " 1 " 1 air mixture tightly in the cylinder The piston moves up and both valves 01...l.da are closed.

5. crankshaft ijAAJI o

The part of the engine that turns aja...J1 era1.43.1.11 1.11-1z jab when the piston is pushed down by JUL.111 ejv the explosion of the gasoline-air 110.z.rup...eLS.J1 01 .0,0.4.4, 01j+J1 1.0-6 mixture. The pistons are connect- taj4jaa A,..AJLe ed to the crankshaft.

6. cylinder 1.1.'6.1 _1 The round hole in the engine block . tisk that the piston fits into. The L.1 j13.4114.4 " Up ."I aspaus piston moves up and down in the cylinder.

15 1I

VOCABULARY (continued)

7. degrees .y

small parts of a circle. The 4.44 1j4 1 J cro ;media .).? 1 degrees are the numbers the tr:J1 J 1 -as 111 mechanic uses to find the pdsi tion of the piston and crank- tria)-a shaft.

8. exhaust 4 to push out of a space. The Y3 ;FIJIj burned gas that is left in a 0,0.1..,.J1 Laz...t, 1.1.:.s cylinder when the gasoline is

burned. .

9. four-stroke cycle lotLvj kj,,J

the order.of events that causes the 0 ij4 gill), 4141 "41 (AIL:, I automobile engine to run. The four 01 j strokes of the piston are: . tor 14.,..,11 intake stroke, compression stroke, frt jkra311 1,,,t 1.1.4.,11 I power stroke, exhaust stroke.

10. gasoline-air mixture et). the explosive gas that is used in eja.AA tri ja the engine to make it run. The 011,11 4114*,/ 01 ',4*-rt 4.14"-J gasoline must be mixed with air Jdila I(sax J."0.11 cans.. Jity I ,,t-He. correctly to get the best burn- ;jai aljzal ing and best power.

. 11. identify 0.0,,Az to place the correct name on an J1$,,,,JJt.02.0 p.111 01 sob

object or person. The students 1.4.:,"*I.J. 1 01 J1 were told to identify their desks u.-14 by placing their name on pieces of paper.

12. keyswitch I T the part in the car where the key J1.10 0)4JA is placed and turned to start the Val .11e...A JJ I..4 engine. When the keyswitch is 01.40.R.5. 01-11 kr.L.ill turned the crankshaft will turn 41..p..111J1

. or rotate.

16 12

VOCABULARY (continued)

13. piston the round part in the engine that val,J11.1 LA, kris!t11 . moves upand down and fits into the cylinder. The piston-is push- J.1.411 wAty...7.1AX &ea,' ed down by the exploding gasoline 4.4.1.J1 4.,e4d1 41J3 $1J+.11 and air and then the crankshaft oljj4.14 turns.

14. spark plug _ the pert of the engine that causes 4111 4e...611 V,. s ?..J1 v. the gasoline and air to explode. 1.2...t.J1 01 .$1_14.11., The spark plug is connected to a t.risi44 44 wire and it is put in ehole at the top of the cylinder.-

15. stroke 10 to move a part in a straight line F.,&-kar." 1.1111.3 0.1,ea, from one place to another place. 4,11ILI LrleI cr. The piston moves from the top of ix..4e 1. laaj the cylinder to the bottom. This is called the piston stroke.

16. timing mark 1911-s 11 small numbers on the front of the J I as engine to show the position of 04>IJ LlIjkooll piston number one. These marks are ::).4.):1-ic.:.L.41-mdl dab used to set the "basic ignition " L41 timing".

17 13

LANGUAGE PAGE

Write the word neatly and correctly 1,1:11 t41 ft, I J.AJIcre I in English in the space available. ja.4611

1. basic ignition timing tel..)11 1

.2. click - (c'./4)CO T

3. compression r

4. compression stroke t

5. crankshaft .0

6. cylinder 1

7. exhaust Y

8. degrees A

9. four-stroke cycle 14J411.,,I

10. gasoline-air mixture 01 0-:m -!jotix.-1>

11. identify Ov-esz - Lki.1".

12. keyswitch (i j1 a )

13. piston

14. stroke

15. spark plug

16. timing marks 14

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1

OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to identify the Compression stroke and the exhaust stroke of an engine.

MATERIALS NEEDED: A pencil and Activity 1.

PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activity as described on the following pages.

EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this objective when the student has completed the worksheet with all activities 100% accurate.

19 15

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)

Write in the correct words for steps 1, tofiroc.rjua 1.1 40 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of this activity.

1. Write the correct name for each J. JSJ,..L.:A.11 f..11L. tljin StAl.-- stroke from the list below in the Cr

blank.

intake stroke

compression stroke

power stroke

exhaust stroke

(If AIRFUEL MIXTURE

STROKE STROKE STROKE STROKE

20 16

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1(continued)

2. Write the name of the stroke ,JS v./ tj."...JI _ .t.z..1I described in each sentence below.

a. Stroke

The piston moves down and the gasoline- jiaaw, ,J, ;.r air mixture comes into the cylinder. t.rn S x.11

b. Stroke

The piston moves up and squeezes the 1.A.4.,tAsit gasoline-air mixture together and both LaaJI valves are closed.

c. Stroke The spark plug fires and the piston is pushed down by the exploding gasoline- air mixture. 0.00.4j

d. Stroke 1,4 _

The piston moves up and the burned mix- tr.-4*-11 ture is pushed out of the cylinder rt.....11 JILi cr. through the valve.

21 17

STUDENT ACTIVITY l'(continued)

Look at the diagrams below. 3. r.7'JJ1trn r Fill-in the blank spaces. LI .7.1J1 SL.

I a. Is the air squeezed tighter in the cywk,a ti 1 compression stroke or in the exhaust tri T.1.1-4411 Lresi stroke? V I Stroke

b. The air is squeezed tighter during the compression stroke because both erra LAAJI 9S 0V valves are----

22 18

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1(continued)

4. If we remove a spark plug and put a "Lim.eal JJ4J1 144.4 is'

finger over the spark plug hole, we 0. 01 ji. JAZ:. 1.164.11,...il ci feel air coming out of the hole. 1z1j4.111 uM 4.0:ra eiaLv.

More air will be squeezed out the .1..)40U.:. Isari1.s...411 Jlti 0. spark plug hole during the 0walilis. 00.1.41.11 011 stroke because both valves are closed.

5. The stroke of the engine with more 0.41.1,0.4.11 43.31j,f4.1J141p...111,.,401o air coming out of the spark plug hole is the stroke.

6.We can identify the compression .1Lia.:411 ..1_,A.T.J I 1

stroke by removing a tit"... (61 plug and placing our finger over Lris the spark plug " 1.).AZ ja4.1 When we feel , we . IL.114.4111 IJA have found the compression stroke.

23 19

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2

OBJECTIVE: The student will describe how to "click-over" an engine to position the piston at the top of the compression stroke.

MATERIALS NEEDED: A pencil and Activity 2.

PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activities as directed on the following pages.

EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this objective when the student has completed the worksheet with 100% accuracy.

24 20

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

1. 'Look at the drawings below and do LAme fml 4LL41 (1.1WJA c,Jt JILII wow what you are told:

Fill-in each blank using one of I 42.1 j v.1-11....A.L.m. L,.tlJ.i JS these words: u2., down, turning, crankshaft, click, key. (aLLS),j-11.

The piston is moving

and the crankshaft is y14,..1.11

AIR-FUEL MIXTURE

trle 1v11..) I ,JI L.S...J1 el 2. The pistons move down and up in the _ell1.1a 1..:1_,1a..)11 cylinder. This makes the crankshaft Ja4..,, trio turnor rotate. When we turn the key, Jja,, the engine crankshaft rotates and ,r-eLSAJI /./..pszz) el ja...11 krike.JI LA, 7,11 the pistons move and 21

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

3. We can get the pistons to move down a.: / Ik, JI ti.l.).3....= u..., 1-1.6.11 Jas L:.: ..,- r and up by using our hand to turn Va1 lzaw JL4Az-1-, u.1011 u4 JI

the JI

4. The piston below is moving u,111-1.11 u-4.4.11 4)0.:,- I and the crankshaft is crii J....A a., ...a..11 . .1

5. When the piston moves k,.11 u..,-5.4.11 di J.N.1%.1.....s - 0 and , the JI 0 LA turns.

6. If we want to move the piston up or J I U4A 1 I tji I 4.764/11A diejONZ LLILISAAV 1 down, we can do this by turning the u-3..JIk., I a I-.aia,J..21 k,JI

key. The engine will make a noise 4.7....p. ,..tz 1+4 4.43.....11 cis ja..6: that sounds like when cLzAAA jvaz L...v..,e we turn the key and let it go. We 1..::.S...,e .J.01&Lk) u4 eavAz pl "lieli

can move the pistons by clicking- tjJaw kike...J1 Ja..?..,%Ilk,, .r.i. L.S..J1 die Jaz over the engine using the . 4 LLA.....az..L.9

2p 22

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

7. If Wit want the pistons to stop and 0 I J 0 I Lla J1'1,11 y go, we must turn and let go of the k)141

4:;.1.111 LTA s LaJ I pl "11.01.1

27 23

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3

OBJECTIVE: The student will identify the correct time that the spark plug should fire.

MATERIALS: A pencil and Activity 3.

PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activities as directed on the following pages:

EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this objective when the student has completed the worksheet with all activities 100% correct.

28 24

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

Read this worksheet very carefully:

Fill-in the blank space with the . J1 1.1.11.1Lo correct word or letter.

1. The picture below is a drawing of zjimis 4L.141 _ an engine. It is labeled so that 1/4-kJ...a)* I cr. 41.L.S...z

you can find the front of an engine 0.) and the timing marks.

LEFT SIDE TIMING MARKS cajt.41

FRONT OF ENGINE

ENGINE 3

0 0 0

RIGHT SIDE va,00o.h

Draw an arrow on the engine below showing the front of the engine. 1.4i. uJI 4, Label the arrow front. (4.-A 144.1. u41.0

0 0 4:4711. 0 0 O 5d ENGINE 0 0 I

O 0 0 1:6

29 25

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

1,rajo J.U1 cz. LIls me= y 2. Timing marks show the position of Jaz,' v.:Lk/A.11 the piston and crankshaft as the j lotjamil4.4.2 tjA piston moves up and down. The Cow.k0.1.11coLrlis,01 Lij i aZub 42.1.s J..; r1-3 JI timing marks are numbers showing I odja..A tr.ls 1.1.,.i.' uis 34.14.J.

degrees. They are on a plate on 11=11,1Mm I Mg 1 the front of the engine.

Draw an arrow on the engine below. "Ij+kr tel.Z.41 kjja trIg showing where the timing marks are j.:.11 Lola located on the engine. Label the Jj. r.1 arrow timing-Marks. Draw a circle "Jja"c..4.ya around the timing mark "0" degrees.

0 0 5 ENGINE 10c O 26

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

3. When the crankshaft turns, the jja., r

timing mark also turns. When we "liras jjazc...,.3...tz.n

'click" the key, the crankshaft lai L.I 4044)...J1 will turn. If the timing marks

are not lined-up correctly, we IJIA C)I have to the key 44,3611,.AJjrAA to turn the crankshaft.

4. When the piston is at the top 1411A IJAA 0,1g1 cole E

of the stroke, the timing mark 01"1.?ja j.letz izzncl.rj,,zji

"0" degrees lines-up. We can IJAA i gri LI' LA Lkja

see if the piston is at the top -A.4.16 uji of the stroke by looking at the marks.

5. We can see if the piston is at the trio to.1.0.4...J1 01 eljaz 01 0

top of the stroke when the timing cl.qajzA 1.0,31.o.3.1.11 4.3 LAJZ.X .6,14.11 mark number is lined-up.

31 27

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3(continued)

6. When the timing mark stops. at "0" 74..jaJI-1,zaQ...3.1.1.111.011.aLi..1j.1. LA.1Lx 1

degrees, the piston will stop at 41 ..1.,,ail ,..1.61triu...44.11.i.Ajx.. "j.il"

the top of the stroke. Which (7.61citr.4.4.11 j*kilmo 11U.41 r.I.eJ.11 oril mj

drawing beloti.shows the piston at ill jat.11 the top of the stroke?

B. C.

WV VW WV WV V o= 0= 0 01 0 5 3 3- 10e io= 10= 0 0 NEL A 4W 416

"1,444 ,JJA.111....4 43,..11.z olviApit...M0,.. ... V 7. The spark plug should fire when the piston is at the top of the compression . .I.Lia.:.111.1.:. cris ISr; 4.1...A.J1 (:),1. et..%

stroke. The piston and crankshaft can 4.141kYal 4.>"A-11., v-04-&11 0.,-'-' 01 0.-00-'01 Cr* be moved to the correct position for .7.,.....&11 ...v.t. ,321.1 j>1 0...r...1.-:...11e.:..0.1 spark plug firing. We can do this "al,"..,. seV1 145. 0.1.6.:. 01 UmILIA,t

by "clicking" the . 28

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

8. The piston is at the top of the Y4J4 Y4 114.11 W4A1 A

stroke on both the compression 4.4a.:./1 L.W.U..., c.AL.N.A.A I j J. Lia.41

stroke and on the exhaust stroke. 4...)11.4).2.11 lawAtota ILIBiA I 0.11

When the spark plug is removed, V. crzt--e- ',a we can tell thecompression stroke .J.AJI 1.86:% because air will blow out of the Lrls )1 I 'spark plug when the piston is coming up.

9. The spark plug should fire only J.11..: 01 JJAJI at the top of the compression of trig!Lir/ -WU "Ij.j4

stroke. The compression stroke is c,.5.1JI Jej4J1 JA IJ.A: the stroke that has air blowing "LaJU sljklb out of the hole.

10. Draw a spark at the spark plug in (03 J,JAlarmta:..; 1.)1J4 1. the drawing below to show the (40A L.21 JLA421

correct basic ignition timing. t..,eaAAJI

AIRFUEL MIXTURE 29

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

II. Basic ignition timing is correct "L24.0.1.4, L.. Y i Jt...a111 Qv-11y..

when the. Q.:...3.1b1 1.11 fires when the piston is at the top of the stroke.

34 30

ANSWER SHEET - ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

1. a. intake b. compression c. power d. exhaust

2. a. intake b. compression c. power d. exhaust

3. a. compression b. closed.

4. compression

5. compression

6. spark, hole, air

ACTIVITY 2

1. down, turning

2. up, down

3. key

4. up, turning

5. up, down, crankshaft

6. click, key

7. key

ACTIVITY 3

3. click

4. timing

5. "0"

6. drawing C

7. key

8. hole 9. spark plug 10: spark plug "b" 11. spark plug, compression

35 31

EVALUATION

The pretest should be used for post test evaluation.

PERFORMANCE TEST

The teacher or the aide will also provide the following performance test if time and facilities perinit:

Obtain an operating engine with number one spark plug removed.

The student will position piston number one at the top of the compression stroke with 100% accuracy.

36 32

SUPPLEMENTARY PAGE

Books:

Auto Mechanics Fundamentals Auto Shop Fordson High School Media Center

Filmstrips:

Fundamentals of the Gasoline Fordson High School Media Engine (filmstrip and cassette) Center Kit 629.2, c. 5

37 Notes

38 0 F S BILINGUAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT dtiAl6,00i.0.4.;eli4 dwettuiAm

AUTOMO ILE EN IE: FOU -ST KE CYCLE 3.J.,,Y.A;LJIcsJ,

,11.J=L-yt104CA Isc.:A;

39 e ABOUT THE PROJECT

The Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is designed to assist

recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to

adapt to a large and comprehensive high school. The project consists of

academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers

and students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television

modules, staff development activities, and home - community liaison.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL 1441000LJLEES

The modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional

areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined

by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-

sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and

usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were

translated, duplicated, and field tested.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

James E. Vick did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University

and his graduate training at Eastern Michigan University. James has worked

in the Automotive area at Fordson High School for the past 14 years.

The skills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined

as critical for better understanding Automobile Engine Operation.

Icol,/-7DSpv

BILINGUAL CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Special Assistance:

Demonstration Staff:

III Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide Karim Michael - Instructional Aide Rihab Ahmad- Secretary

Dearborn Board of Education:

Agnes Dobronski.- President Ronald Chapman - Trustee Kathleen Walsh - Vice President David MacKenzie - Trustee Mary Bugeia - Secretary Ruth Sample - Trustee Suzanne Mcllhiny - Treasurer

Administration:

Special Acknowledgement:

IIIThe interest,concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source of strength and inspiration to us all. 41 Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.

This Project was supported by the United States Department of

Education.

The contents of this instructional module were developed under a grant for the United Statei Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal

Government.

42 C.

AUTOMOBILE ENGINE

ENGINE OPERATION, FOUR-STROKE CYCLE

Developed By:

James E. Vick and Imad Fadlallah

43 2

This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English 111 proficiency students in learning the operation of the automobile engine during the four-strokes of the operating cycle, and idenfifying the various parts of the engine. This module is designed for students enrolled in automotive courses.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to explain the operation of the automobile engine during the four-strokes of the operating cycle and identify the parts of the engine by scoring at least 75% on a written

test.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The student will:

1. explain in writing and orally the operation of the engine on the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.

2. identify the parts of the engine listed below:

piston cylinder head piston rings cylinder valve rocker arm crankshaft camshaft valve spring connecting rod timing gears push rod

44 3

PRETEST _t.1 111.

Which description (A-D) best describes &AS a _ 0..,3Lailn 0 1.24 the parts of the engine listed (1-4). .E cr..

PART I: J.,11

1. intake valve .1

1-4.0 T 2. exhaust valve

3. piston Lr-s- .r

4. cylinder .E

A. round plug that slides lip and down in the cylinder

B. hole in cylinder block that contains piston

C. valve through which fuel mixture urn 1,..1,..11 goes into the cylinder

D. valve through which burned fuel passes on its way from cylinder rJL*JI to exhaust manifold

Go on to next page.

45 4

PRETEST (continued)

Which description best describes the eloJA uric J.564..e 0.4ILL,..1...4,0j parts listed. .

PART II:

1. combustion chamber 01.).111

2. power stroke _ _ e,.JJI .

3. compression stroke bt_x,.11 1.7t. .r

4. stroke 1_14 .E

LLAL..11 _ A. distance piston moves when travel- aloi:J LTA ero L.4 .J1 ing from TDC to BDC --Lyn%)_ tx.1.1M

B. area above piston with piston on - top dead center _uo _ 110.1.J1

Ly..4.A.11 C. piston's movement used for trans- mitting power of burning fuel Jj.sAA uM jj4.341.13,4i. 6!..,;?1 Cre 1?.:iLL.11 mixture to crankshaft. crL,9".74.1 I

D. piston's movement used for compressing the fuel mixture ail_e-JI ILL I IL. in the engine cylinder.

Go on to next page.

46 5

PRESTEST (continued)

c.,1ALJIt.e I y,JI J I Select the correct answer.

t.Jt,.",JIJI PART III:

The order of the four strokes of the iaLej111 11.1.4,11 Le,Izjp:. 01 cycle are: tg.A.X.JLS jib

A. exhaust, power, intake, compression UAL 1 4.2..11:1-:, 1

B. compression, exhaust, power, intake tz,11-i.L 1 1

C. intake, compression, power, exhaust I I

D. power, compression, intake, exhaust :a ,..b Uri:, I

It takes revolution/s of qi4.74,.11 isj,ft, 01 1..).4. the crankshaft to complete one cycle. JS, a> 1 j ij J LAS 1 /

A. 1 -

F1. 2

C. 4

D. 8 A

3. r

The parts that keep the camshaft ijj...11 4,_U1 e6.111 01

rotating correctly with the : 4r° l'?-1A" qJJ'' OIJJJ crankshaft are:

A. timing chains J-11

B. timing gears J1

C. timing belts 14.)al

D. all of the above 61LX I,,,S,1-6.11 JS

;Le-It-L:11 i.oJIL,Il di. I Go on to nextpage. 47 6

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV: Fill in the blanks with the

correct words. t1.71.1111.41

AIRFUEL MIXTURE

I ji ail .6I I as* 1. These are the four strokes of the .,1l I tea cycle.

A. The number 1in the diagram above 1.5,4J jib 1 _ 1 is the stroke.

B. The number 2 in the diagram above is the stroke.

C. The number 3 in the diagram above jib r c is the stroke.

jib 1 rij r.J.11 _ D. The number 4 in the diagram above is the stroke.

Go on to next page. i_,J ,JI vim I

48 7

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV (continued) (&l..:1 e.,I,J1s.)..J1

41.z.1144A,"...11f.....JJ1J....11.1..1 Using diagram, answer the Le-I t...:J11-11.114,-Lc .,.....1. I j following questions.

AIRFUEL MIXTURE

T 2. Study figure number 1: P41 ta-riluv.)-11

. piston is moving , both ls

jj.t.0LiLial I valves are , spark CLAW0 " Lo-^if

J. J.:J1 Ias 0.11 cJj..3 plug is , sothis is

the stroke

1.,JUIA 1,...A4A uJI,A..1 Go on to next page.

49 8

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV: (continued)

(I( AIRFUEL MIXTURE

3. In the diagram above, figure v:. l,4 t,m T ri, tri -r

piston is moving , the ArL.Amo valve is yj yb

and the valve is yj JIrLeo 1J;a53

, sothis is the JI Jo ..7.6 I .11

stroke.

4. In the diagram above, figure 3: 1,f4 1..%).11 r lj.1.0' y4 valve is LJLa tri JI rL4 air fuel mixture is drawn into 4,i)fi cylinder, valve is LJLa yj yr Jr L4 , sothis is the A o.:11 stroke.

Go on to next page 1.,JL:J1 1,..i40 up-1Iva.!

50 9

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV (continued) (e,.La.z1 &1J-11

Using diagram, answer the

following queitions

AIRFUEL MIXTURE

both valves are piston is u...4.11 ---....-----...- $S moving , sothis is the Dal

stroke. JI

51 10

PRETEST ANSWER KEY

PART I

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B

PART II

1. B 2. .0 3. D 4. A

PART III

1. C 2. B 3. D

PART IV

1. (A) power (B) exhaust (C) intake (D) compression 2. down, closed, firing, power 3. up, exhaust, open, intake, closed,exhaust 4. intake, open, exhaust, closed, intake 5. closed, up, compression

52 11

ID PRONUNCIATION KEY

/a/ as in Adam /m/ as in man

/X/ as in cake /n/ as in man

/e/ as in let /p/ as in Dr. Pepper

/e/ as in meet qu equals /kw/ as in guit

/i/ as in sit In as'in run

/3/ as in ice cream /s/ as in sun

/o/ as in hot /t/ as in ten

/57 as in Coke /v/ as in van

/u/ as in Seven Up /w/ as in woman

/5/ as in blue /x/ as i;:, extra

/b/ as in boy /y/ as in yet (sometimes /61 as in many.) 411 c equals /s/ as in cents (10t) /k/ as in cat /z/ as in zebra

/d/ as in day /sh/ as in shut

/f/ as in four /ch/ as in church

g equals /g/ as in 99 /ng/ as in sing. /dz/ as in paRe /th/ (voiced) as in this /h/ as in he ./th/ (unvoiced) as in thing j equals /dz/ as in jail oo equals /5/ as in food /k/ as in kick /u/ as in good

/1/ as in Cola

53 12

LANGUAGE PA c.

1. block (brok) t!J

main part of the engine containing .U.1.11 .:r cylinders Q.t'..1.."6,..11L7'

T 2. camshaft (kim' shift') 4.. t-SJI

a shaft inthe engine used to open czjJ ai.mx the valve Q.LALSX r 3. camshaft gear (kieshift' ger) gear that is used to drive camshaft; Q,LALSM Jt. c1j1.31 jAlakzz one part of the timing gear --/1-1. I ."..)- Cr" Vb./

E 4. combustion (Om bas' ch5n) jljz>I

I burning of the gasoline and air I-rill.,Cre):-n mixture

5. compression (kOm prish' rin) .6 ILiu:A 0

squeezing gasoline and air tightly %Link, ylb

together; this gives it more bower 413.a.d Iarbi when burned

1 6. connecting rod (0 nekt' ing rod)

connecting part between piston and IALS crankshaft

Q43..611 y 7. crankshaft (kringk shift')

to transfer the up and down move- J ment of the piston to a circular 1.,....)41 J iS fa ta..11 motion

8. crankshaft gear (kringk shift' ger) 4.11JM Jj..AA A

444jJAA a,,Ar.11 14.1.114 Jr gear mounted on front of crankshaft used to drive the crankshaft aj...r.11 1;;s ljlaV jaj

9. cylinder (s71' In dEr)

round hole in the block that the triLS sill .1 tfrb piston moves up and down In u_lx IL4 el

54 13

LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)

10. cylinder head (sil' in der hed) 01.)

covers top of cylinder In many cases 1.....,1,00.411kris! the cylinder head contains the valves. Iv.I j I 1 11. exhaust stroke (eg z6st strak) .s..112.11 I

4th movement of piston used to push burned gases from cylinder 0.4 I jLAJI

12. valve lifter (valv lift e'r) (0-41.1.11 eIJ IT

round piece ofmetal that rides on 12.165. the camshaft

ir 13. intake stroke (in' tik striik)

Lea-1.zy.:JI movement of the piston that pulls gasoline and air to cylinder I

14. intake valve ( in' tik valv) IZ

engine part that opens to let W1.72.41.11 gasoline and air into cylinder I .26.91 k.,11 1.'0_2

15. exhaust valve (eg zost valv) 10

part of the engine that opens cz-iLLz elj.2.41.11 0,0 lAlmi to let burned gasoline and air 1L1 JA1A Icp... jj out of the cylinder

16. four-stroke cycle (si'k'l) 11.5.2,11 ijja.0 _ 11 The way that the engine runs. Two y.S.J yzJI 1.1.1j1) ya complete revolutions of crankshaft to fire each piston once. The four . cro 0,4-L-L' *LS ,rezjjaes)-4, strokes are: intake, compression, 1.)..1.1M ;ya1.2..e.)1111_0211 power, exhaust

17. stroke (strok)

distance piston moves when travel- 1.:4_0m-11 LT-161 LtaL-Ie ing from the top of the cylinder . L1 i L.,J1 to the bottom of .the cylinder

55 14

LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)

) A 18. timing gears (tim ing gerz) jLIA (v.,'

the two gears attached to the cam- Ji...aJ '..*T441Zall cre...)41 shaft and the crankshaft These la .c,L.L5.11 (ILL.'S) 446.i.).0 vibuewzM gears cause the camshaft to be turned by the crankshaft. triij....J1 16.1j,

19. piston (pis' tan)

a round plug that slides up and Ji.I u-UI .L314. down in cylinder lz,I,12..11

T. 20. piston ring (pis'tun ring) 1.1.1a

a part that goes around the piston to stop gasoline and air from .4" I ..?" I jtYSAJIcme-e going between the piston and - cylinder

21. rocker arm (rOki-er) evz-s EIJ3 T1

arm used to direct upward motion EIJZI EIJ3

of pushrod into a downward or L.41; iSJ> .11 J1 1),A "..11 t.klA opening motion of the valve

22. push rod (pdosh rad) ejail LI JJ TT

rod that connects valve lifter to t17:1JL.. jaj, el j3 rocker arm Used on valve-in- head installation.

23. valve spring.(vilv spring) f1-14-11 Tr

used to keep valves closed La.a.11 1 L.L. )1 J.-az...,

56 15

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1

DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks with the tlja 9.41 correctvocabulary. Refer to the Language oLS I I lAbt Pageif necessary.

1. There are valves in a L.Leda four cylinder engine. ...6.1

2. The fastens the piston A T

to the crankshaft. 44jjp-11

3. The is the 4th movement 11.i.e1J)I JA r devoted to push out burned gases 1.:.1,h...11 0.4 L3jjp,..1Jhz:J.)LiJI ajJa6.1 from cylinder.

I 1..,*J1.5.1_0.01 -E 4. In the air fuel mixture is drawing into the cylinder while " the is open.

op jjaz 5. The prevent the leak be- I "6...1 I j 0, tween the piston and the cylinder wall.

1 6. The contains the sr cl LL I 11 cylinders.

uLS.JI A y 7. The transfer the up .a.4.,LIJ :Sy (.0 44J...AZJI., IMJLIMA and down movement of the piston to a circular notion.

JI A 8. In the stroke, the piston J.L. 1 I is pushed down.

A 9. The is the distance that LI-21a, the piston travels.

57 16

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1(continued)

JI 10. let the crankshaft tz. LSJI I turn the camshaft.

J.djazJ I1 11. The is used to direct J1 1..",* SJs JI e-aa El.);) upward motion of pushrod into a FL...a downward or opening motion of the valve.

58 17

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2

FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET

. Jr. LW!projJ, Le.) J I 1. (A) Study the drawing shown ( 1 )

below. Remember the names 411.*Ajljwie 0.0j eLJA JSZ.V.; of the parts and where they are located.

CYLINDER

CYLINDER HEAD suAi ji Lei.)

PISTON RINGS PISTON

%).,L1...eIICrL3.1> oJz--e

CONNECTING ROD e.J.3

CRANKSHAFT

( el.t. I ) I

59 18

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

(B) Label the parts of the engine . 41-...... 11 I..".....).. J1 .41...,..,....J1 thi drawing below:

cylinder cyl'nder head piston rings piston crankshaft connecting rod

60 19

III STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

2. (A) Study the drawing shown below. LL.31 ,.III f....J.JI v.v.)! ( 1 ) T

Remember the names of the .4.il,.. ,,,, el.....im 11...... 1 _AI:. parts and where they are located.

1.1.4, we ekix .ahuJI _ALI(,...) (B) Look at these parts in your auto shop. .c...1.)1.....11

VALVE

ti t-4

ROCKER ARM 11. Lao-lt Ia.?)el,:,

CAMSHAFT

c.-,t....t.sii .3.,..t...

VALVE SPRING 1l....0-11uo LI.)

TIMING GEARS .a.,...i.,zliQ.L.:......

PUSHROD e.i4-11el ,J

61 20 STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

(.7.6 eloJA ea, (c.) r 2. (C) Label these parts of the engine on the drawing below: : aLLJI

timing gears pushrod eia eljZ)

rocker arm e' jai valve rlao camshaft Lilt valve spring

G2 21 STUDENT ACTIVITY 3

FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET

*Read this worksheet carefully and ea* ijil do as you are told. el.L.4

Write in the correct words in the blank

spaces.

I. I j 14...4.1.1 I Use correct spelling and write neatly. I

A. Look at the picture on the next ajyaM u.11 j.6.11

page and write in the correct words 14-11.11-e Ul below.

1. When the crankshaft turns, the Ldj_Nz,. ,trLij..J1 ,jam, piston moves and

the valve is open. os,s., " The valve is closed.

2. When the piston moves down, it

pulls and "JI

into the cylinder. . 1L1j6...11

3. This stroke of the cycle is call- ze.j.pm v.. Ii4J1 las. _ r

ed the stroke. JI

4. The job of the intake stroke is 1j.1. 0I

to pull dno air into . u.11 AIstaj the cylinder. jj1 JI .10 jzs, 0 5. The stroke is Zjja the first stroke of the four- stroke cycle.

63 22

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

All/ FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET 1..54_11 ;1_45.0l>..A40

Intake Valve

Exhaust Valve

Piston

Intake Stroke

-12,rt

64 23

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

1.4 jjw.1 kjj41.11 Q41 sALI Ur. B. Look at the picture at the bottom of the page and write the correct words on the lines below. 4.:Lij.4A jja.., L. LS 1. When the crankshaft turns one more 0.15,0 Wa.p.z.1 one-half turn, the piston moves and the intake valve and the exhaust valve are both

Cm:r.:-.11 1,-6 tjj.> T 2. Because the gasoline and air cannot lab 01_1 80,..41-4.4.11 0.4 go out the valves, it is squeezed JI jj..i in the cylinder above the

12,-6 I A .12j4 r 3. During the stroke, the gasoline and air are compressed.

11.5 cric UJI u"-tCm-n 4. The piston moves up and both valves

JI k, 5 I 0 L. uweJi are closed during the stroke.

jA JI 1.1..t o 5. The stroke is the second stroke of the four-stroke

cycle.

Exhaust Valve Intake Valve

Piston Gasoline and Air

3.1-1 Compression Stroke 16\ 1J,1 24

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

C. Look at the picture below and write eLLJI uA _ the correct words on the lines. ix

1. In this stroke, both the valves are 1LS .12.:JI . _

2. During the stroke, es,, A .12,,.z T

the is pushed down. . uA A

3. The of the piston

turns the ji

4. The power stroke is the bpi S _ E

stroke of the cycle. k.Aiail

5. During the stroke, c,1)- A o

the air-fuel mixture is 11.54-A

Power Stroke 1.J.1 66 25

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)

eLL..11 'aj).41.11 0,11 J D. Look at the picture below and write in the correct words. 71,,.

) 1. When the crankshaft turns one-half turn the piston moves and the intake valve is .5,1a1.L .oL.1 but the exhaust valve is

4.LL-i 0-611 uA...,..S.J1 T 2. When the piston moves up, it pushed burned and JIB JI t;4.1

A U. L.,J1 out of C.)

41jA r 3. This stroke of the cycle is called the stroke.

JLA _ 1.54A 11,16) 01 E 4. The job of the exhaust stroke is

uJI to gases out of the tR° cylinder. a:,1 j13-11

5. The exhaust stroke is the j ji2J1 Joy.: o

of the four stroke cycle. da J11 .101 I 3 'aj j,111

Exhaust Stroke

67 26 e ANSWER KEY

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1: STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 B:

1. 8 1. upward, closed 2. connecting rod 2. piston 3. exhaust stroke 3.. compression 4. intake stroke, intake valve 4. compression 5. rings 5. compression 6. engine block . 7. crankshaft 8. power STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 C: 9. stroke 10. timing chain 1. closed 11. rocker arm 2. power, piston 3. movement, crankshaft 4. third STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 B: power, burned

1. cylinder head 2. piston rings STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 D: 3. connecting rod 4. crankshaft 1. upward, closed, open 5. cylinder 2. gasoline, air, cylinder 6. piston 3. exhaust 4. push 5. fourth STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 C:

7. rocker arm 8. valve spring 9. pushrod 10. valve 11. camshaft 12. timing gears

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 A:

1. downward, intake exhaust 2. air, fuel 3. intake 4. fuel 5. intake

68 27

EVALUATION

The pretest should be used for post-test evaluation.

The teacher can also elect to do evaluation during a discussion activity. The main instruments for discussion will be projections of transparencies of the engine diagrams in this module.

69 28

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

MATERIALS USED LOCATION

Textbook: "Auto Mechanics Fundamentals" Auto shop and Fordson Media Center

Film: "ABC's of Internal Combustion" Dearborn Public Schools Media Center

Filmstrip: "Engine Operation" 4 FS and Cassette Fordson Media Center