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Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Tanchak, R. R., 2004, “Changing Pattern of Sectoral Development in the Post Reform Period with Reference to Saurashtra Region”, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/646 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author A THESIS ON CHANGING PATTERN OF SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST REFORM PERIOD WITH REFERENCE TO SAURASHTRA REGION TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ECONOMICS FACULTY OF ARTS By TANCHAK R. R. Lecturer in Economics Smt. J.J. Kundalia Arts and Commerce College Rajkot. Guide Dr. T. R. HATHI Lecturer in Economics Smt. M. T. Dhamsania College of Commerce Rajkot SAURASHTRA UNIVERSTIY 2004 STATEMENT NO. – 1 C e r t I f I c a t e I here by declare that the research work undertaken by me on the title “Changing Pattern of Sectoral Development in the Post Reform period with Reference to Saurashtra Region” is based on the secondary data and that and it is my own work. I have not submitted such work previously to this University or other University for any other degree or diploma. Place : Rajkot Date : 09-2-2004. Name and Signature of Researcher STATEMENT NO. – 2 C e r t I f I c a t e This is to certify that the research work undertaken by Tanchak R. R. on “Changing Pattern of Sectoral Development in the Post Reform period with Reference to Saurashtra Region” is his own work. To the best of my knowledge he has not submitted such work previously to this or any other University for any other degree or diploma. Place : Rajkot Date : 09-2-2004 Name and Signature of Guide ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Journey towards the knowledge is tough task – which is just possible only through the showering of the blessings from almighty – the lord. I humbly pray to god for making this task complete. My parents are nonetheless important who have always been the source of inspiration since, my birth. I hearty remember my late mother at this moment. I also respectfully acknowledge the blessings of my lovable Father. I am indebted to my then Professor Dr. V. H. Joshi who has motivated all through out in my life for my academic pursuit. I am thankful to Prof. Dr. B. D. Parmar and Prof. Dr. K. K. Khhakhar. Academic motivation and guidance contributes much to such task for which I duly respect to my guide Tushar Hathi. At the beginning of my research work I was at Junagadh. Where my the then Principal B. J. Vataliya helped and inspired a lot and I am lucky enough to have spirited warmth from my existing principle of Rajkot college Ms. Smitaben Zala. I am thankful to both of them. Elders and friends at various stages play important role. It is in this regard that I remember the co-operation of Shri M.M.Rawal elderly Professor of Commerce at Junagadh, Prof. M.A.Nanadania and Prof. Kaushik Pandya (Junagadh) Prof. Sunil Sharma, Dr. Haresh Zala, Prof. Praful Sukhanandi, Dr. Viru Purohit, Prof. Vimal Vyas, Prof. Sudhaben Acharya, Prof. Devendra Pandya, Prof. K.V.Tanchak and J.K. Jogal. I respectfully take note of the co-operation in the form of valuable literature. I received from lead bank division. Head office – S.B.S. Bhavnagar in general and Mr Savaliya sir of the department in particular. I am equally thankful to the research officers of Bureau of Economics and Statistics Gandhinagar. Research work demands domestic sacrifice. It is possible only because of My wife Rasila Tanchak and My kids Amit and Disha. Who voluntarily accepted to live themselves deprived of my love and affection during the course of study. I duly appreciate the warmth and co-operation received at home from Utkarsh, Aditi and Dharmishthaben Hathi. Last but not the least computerization work completed neatly and timely for which I appreciate the energy and efficiency of Shree Shivam Computers (Bihag Oza). I N D E X 1 CONCEPT AND OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Introduction 1-2 1.2 GNP and development 2-3 1.3 Inter Sectoral relations 3-7 1.4 Balance growth 8 1.5 Significance 8-9 1.6 Global Scenario 10-13 1.7 Indian Scenario 13-19 1.8 Gujarat Scenario 19-22 1.9 Reference 22-23 2 TECHNICAL STRUCTURE 24 2.1 The Problem 24-28 2.2 Objectives 28 2.3 Research Methodology 28-29 2.4 Hypothesis 29 2.5 Limitations of the study 29 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 30 3.1 Overview of Background literature 30-31 3.2 Review of literature 31-42 3.3 Reference 43-47 4 REGIONAL ECONOMY OF SAURASTHRA 48 4.1 Historical Review 48-49 4.2 Cultural History 49-50 4.3 Geographical Location 51-53 4.4 Sectoral development in Saurashtra region 54 4.4.1 Demographic Analysis 54-79 4.4.2 Agriculture Sector 79-101 4.4.3 Recent Trends in Agriculture 101-109 4.4.4 Industrial Sector 109-113 4.4.5 Recent Trends in Industrial Sector 113-120 4.4.6 Tertiary Sector 120-127 4.4.7 Recent Trends in Tertiary Sector 127-138 4.4.8 Sectoral Financial Allocation and 138-146 Achievements 5 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 147 5.1 Major Findings 147-152 5.2 Sectoral infrastructure deficiencies 152-158 5.3 Conclusions 158-159 5.4 Suggestions 160-165 BIBLIOGRAPHY 166-171 APPENDIX 172-188 I N D E X OF TABLES Table TITLE Page No. No. 1.1 Industrial origin of GNP at factor cost (percentage distribution 10 1965, 1986 and 1992) 1.2 Average Annual Growth (1965 – 1999) 11 1.3 Value added as percentage of GDP. 12 1.4 Sectoral Performance in the Post Independence Period 17 1.5 Average growth rates in S.D.P. in Gujarat by Sector (1980-81 20 prices in percentage) 1.6 Index Number of Net State Domestic Product of Gujarat and 21 Net National Product at Constant (1980-81) Prices 1.7 Sector Growth rates in Gujarat 22 2.1 Trends in the Growth rates of Real GDP 25 4.1 Geographical Boundary of the Region 51 4.2 District wise normal rain and rainfall (mm) 52 4.3 District wise total population 1991 and 2001 54 4.4 Districts wise population density per square KM. in 1991 & 56 2001 4.5 District wise % of rural and urban population to total 1991- 57 2001 4.6 District wise sex ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) In 59 1991 and 2001 4.7 District wise literacy Rate By sex and total 1991 & 2001 60 4.8 District wise percentage distribution of the total population in 62 the category of main marginal workers, total workers and not working (F=Female, P=Person) 4.9 District wise classification of the total workers amongst 65 farmers, Farm laborer, Home industry workers and other workers. 4.10 Growth over in % of total farmers, farm laborers, home 72 industry, workers and other worker 4.11 District wise percentage distribution of Female workers in 76 Different Sectors. 4.12 Total land and Utility wise Distribution 79 4.13 District wise cropping Intensity (Area in '00 Hect.) 81 4.14 District wise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 82 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in ‘00 tones) 4.15 District wise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 83 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tones)Wheat 4.16 District wise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 84 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tones) Juwar 4.17 District wise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 86 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tones) Bajri 4.18 Districtwise Area and production of Majot crops. Triennium 87 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tonnes) Groundnut Table TITLE Page No. No. 4.19 Districtwise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 89 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tonnes) Cotton 4.20 Districtwise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 90 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tones) Surgarcane 4.21 District wise Area and production of Major crops. Triennium 91 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tones) Cereals 4.22 District wise Area and production of Majot crops. Triennium 93 Average. (Area in '00 Hect.) (Production in '00 tones) Pulses 4.23 Districtwise Total live-stock 94 4.24 District wise Number of operational Holdings and Area and 95 Average size 4.25 District wise Consumption of Chemical Fertilizer (In M. 97 Tones) 4.26 District wise gross irrigated area 99 4.27 District wise Irrigation Intensity (Area in '00 Hect) 100 4.28 District wise working factories total number of workers and 109 average number of workers per factory 4.29 District wise Number of Registered small-scale industries units 111 4.30 District wise working units , fixed capital, production and 112 employees 4.31 District wise and Category wise Road Kilometre age 120 4.32 District wise Road length per Hundred Sq.
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    FACTORS AFFECTING PROFICIENCY AMONG GUJARATI HERITAGE LANGUAGE LEARNERS on THREE CONTINENTS a Dissertation Submitted to the Facu

    FACTORS AFFECTING PROFICIENCY AMONG GUJARATI HERITAGE LANGUAGE LEARNERS ON THREE CONTINENTS A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics By Sheena Shah, M.S. Washington, DC May 14, 2013 Copyright 2013 by Sheena Shah All Rights Reserved ii FACTORS AFFECTING PROFICIENCY AMONG GUJARATI HERITAGE LANGUAGE LEARNERS ON THREE CONTINENTS Sheena Shah, M.S. Thesis Advisors: Alison Mackey, Ph.D. Natalie Schilling, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the causes behind the differences in proficiency in the North Indian language Gujarati among heritage learners of Gujarati in three diaspora locations. In particular, I focus on whether there is a relationship between heritage language ability and ethnic and cultural identity. Previous studies have reported divergent findings. Some have found a positive relationship (e.g., Cho, 2000; Kang & Kim, 2011; Phinney, Romero, Nava, & Huang, 2001; Soto, 2002), whereas others found no correlation (e.g., C. L. Brown, 2009; Jo, 2001; Smolicz, 1992), or identified only a partial relationship (e.g., Mah, 2005). Only a few studies have addressed this question by studying one community in different transnational locations (see, for example, Canagarajah, 2008, 2012a, 2012b). The current study addresses this matter by examining data from members of the same ethnic group in similar educational settings in three multi-ethnic and multilingual cities. The results of this study are based on a survey consisting of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and proficiency tests with 135 participants. Participants are Gujarati heritage language learners from the U.K., Singapore, and South Africa, who are either current students or recent graduates of a Gujarati School.