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ri;i;;;;;;!ii:;;';::,:!ij WITH NOTES, &(j., :'''''-'M'"'i ^|Bii .''•' ;'.'..'''' vi^i^ "iP DiSCARDED PRINCIPAL RIDGETOWN HK RWRINTTO) FROM Oagt ^der . Jor use of Intermediate Students, /I W. J. GAGE ^ COMPANY; TORONTO. 1' 1-: ^^^^^^^H;: !.':::;; .,;:;!;i;^, '. "' ^^^^^^^H " " " " .;i;!i;i:.ii_^~_ MWMaMaHMli HBiiil: iiiiiiB ..i.tiin"'';"!";!;,';!! iitl;:;::!!:!::;;."^:;;:! ^^^^BIIiHili Ps aofos \88H m 19(7 "'""• ''^ y>^ one .houBana':;,.. huii^/..^- "" _ Xw 0£3ce of »Y, in the RIP VAN WINKLE. . ^ i JlKl, f RIP VAN WINKLE WITH SKETCH OF AUTHOR'S LIFE. WORKS, &o t'1 di«taeteful to hta »''• 'Jslematic work being i|ilh„ son, the SK-™ f"?'™" "<"« noveliBls if the Stt,?tu OohlsmithiiTj't" borhood '"® "ol^le of New YoVk i • i "^ sceneiv in thp «l;-j onT keen ample field powers of irthe od3 ti'es of th"'^ observa^tion fo„W: two of his brothers, Pa^^tner in receivinir n. «L * !.* business vilh nothing ''^*'^' of the work, one ofth« ^-Tif P''^^*^' but doi SlittlTor engage in anything C in erte^titrhir?f,r"'"'"^ that^ii'sho d'd ^«"t to •ntoar. „ a.***?" EurODe. this f.m«. „- ij. -. . - ^=»=. i.Tioi; "^^ ^'' rr---' - wii the bankriin*-^,/^* r T" '• P^o^ea, for sev- .u.a.lu„ to Obtain -^-PW^l'l^^e^; ''aTS? 1^,;- t^J^^^ HIP VAN WINKLE. S91 adopt literature aa a professiuu. HIh Sketch Book, the iirst number of which appeared in May 1819, was the tirst product of this new re- solve. He now visited variou!* countries on tlio continent, meeting, as in England, with most of the famous literary men of the time. In 1829, while living in the old Moorish palace of the Alhambrain Syaiu he received from the United States government the appointment of Secretary of Legation at London. This position ho holil for three years, returning to Amefioa in May 1832. The next ten years he passed in his native land. Duiing this period he produced several works; projected, and in part sketolied, a History of tlie Conquest of Mexico, giving it up when he learned that Prescott was engaged on the same theme ; made tours in various directions, one to the west of the Mississippi ; and in general led a happy life, interrupted at times by un- acountable fits of melancholy. His residence at ^annyside, on the cast bank of his loved Hudson nearTarrytown, —the very scene of the adven- tures in Sleepy HoUoio^—w&s the resort of friends and adrnji^ers, and the RK8, &o home of a family of orphan nieces and of an aged brother. In 18.38 he was nominated for mayor of New York, and soon afterward he was offered a seat in the Cabinet at Washington. Both of thetse proffered honors he declined : his sensitive nature shrank from mingling in the bitter personal politics of the time. From 1842 to'184(} he was United States ambassador to the Court of Spain. In the latter year he returned to spend his remaining days at liome, engaging in varied literarv work, in travelling, and in rest at Sunnyside surrounded by those he loved. He died at Sunnyside, November 27, 1859, having '83 After completed bis Life of Washington, his ** crowning work," the previous i upon the April. the bar, he Irving's most important works are: —(S'o^mrt7Mnrf« (1806), a serial in- altogether tended "to instruct the young, reform the old, correct the town, ami > and John- caatigate the age." It was very popular, but lasted only a year. Bistonj n, Shakea- of Nnv York, a burlesque history of the State purporting to have been verywhere found iu manuscript in the chamber of Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old foundation gentleman who had lately disappeared. This is Irving's most original 3 of nature work, abounding in rich humor and good-natured^wit at the expense the neigh- of the descendants of the old Dutch settlers, mingled often with 1 found an keen satire on the customs of society and of governments. The h settlers, Sketch-Book (1819), completed in 1820, a collection of short papers con- • In 1802 taining some of his best writing, humorous, pathetic, descriptive, and 1 a series otherwise. jBrnc^ftrirff/e /^a/^ (1822), similar to the Sketch Book. Life ni-health, and Voyancs of Columbus ( 1828). Chronicles of the Conf/iiest of Grenada ling after (1829), written mainly at Seville, not historical, but presenting "alively friend in picture of the war, and one somewhat characteristic of the . .es, so 'less with much of the material having been drawn from contemporary hi t'uians." little I or Voyages of the Companions of Columbus (1830), Alhambra (1 832), "a lie should beautiful Spanish ' Sketch-Book '—the subjects being in the most ele- For the gant and finished style." Crayon Miscellany, a series of tales and magazine sketches, including Tour on the Prairies, Abhotsford, Leqends of the I'evei*, lie Conquest of Spain, &c., that appeared in the course of 1836. Astoria (1836), principally an account of tlie- fonndlns of a colony at the mouth for sev- of the Columbia River by John Jacob Astor, a fur trader. Adventures 818, and of Captain Bonneville (1837), founded upon the journal of a U. S. oflBcer lecide to while exploring the Rocky Mountains and the Far West. WolferCs Roost (1855), a collection of his contributions to the "Knickerbocker {!?'• the smile '^^'''""*^' ^"^ "«v-er. ; in his iearl *'>« spai^le n/ iu'' as is 0^«a of the i±'i"jfr«« won the mero?rS?7- "'""'"»' •'•dtrne Aspiration his stvle av« ^1- camfi. tk. f^^*, Addison will tb^uI '°"^' inaccurate expreg- ; n niP VAN WINKLE 888 »!TninK biography •ions, and unmelodious combinations. Hi "sense of form" was very delicate; consequently his sentences are carefully fomet and his Sue- balanced due importance IS given to whatever is introducc.l.-nothing is out of propoitiou ; the transitions from of IVasLuton one idea to another are never abrupt ff all are carefully prepared ^;'« and seem perfectly natural. Indeed, capital for hiJ ho may ution sometimes bo justly charged with over-elalmration ; ho awakens -a labor of the e*f suspicion that the feeling expressed is not that death genuine, and that his sole care or IS the art in the production, and that ho is sacrificing truth to form. Of this defect "Westminster ;ngoodBen8e.hi. Abbey" i,* perhaps the most marked example. 8, his longreci- t "«en of other [The tollowingi Tale "^anflmthego,. was found among the papers of the ]ato •al Diedrich scenery ofhig Knickerbocker," an old gentleman of New York, who f'er than Ameri- w.18 very curious in the Dutch' history to one country of tlio province, and the mwaa manners of the to enter' descendants from its primitive* settlers. Hi? »ajd to have no historical rescarclies, however, did ^e and healthy not lie so niuchnniong books npt to as among men for the analyze ; former are lamenttbly scanty on his workings of the favorite as topics, whereas lie found the old bu.'diers, well as in and still objective, more their wives, rich not in that legendary lore so invaluable to to hurt any- true history.^ intotheeports Whenever, therefore, he happened upon a genu- tic ine Dutch happiness, family, snugly sliut up in its low-roofed farmhouse, an in hia writ- under a spreading sycamore, he looked upon it iture, and his as a little clasped 'vidly before volume of black letter," and studied it with en the zeal of a book- sense of worm. 1joyed it and 8 never, as is 1 In this introduction Irvintr quietly laughs surface of a at those historians who relate as trua Jfotesque of popular legends ; but the chief parH a char™^ >« his own. teristic\^^Z protest^rTJagainst*^t 'Tfthe manner in which Ncry many leading men of the de^ndants ictive, of the early Dutch colonists regarded never his "Knickerbocker's History of New York "-a bt^k be *''*"* *'?''".''^ ^ho follies of h^*i.*?J'K ^°i.^^'« P^°P'«' seem to have betM. unaWe to appreciate J»"'ff "dicates, in his own way, the ral and origin, charac er, and pufrose of true theh„HvT.?{;-book, with an amusing reference to its popularity, and at the same time nitimatesintimates iorrow— t ''*^'° *'**' *^« reputation of !ated any .a.Z,""*"**®*'™ *"i oT*-^'^ preservinir the legends and Saint. Pi^ul.Bpeaks of "old wives' fables"; the Arabian 11 readil^ ttt ?.*„/°J:T'L'^T- P«[CV, Scott, and ristics of others were taken down from the recitation of old peasant women,«„m-S such women deserve d finish. our gratitude for saving these legends from destruction. • Black-letter is the name B expres- now given to the coarse, rude type in "Old EncHih" or German characters employed In the eariiest printing. The earUest print«i bS coS- BH ^^^^ADlJNMEADEIi.-BOOKVl.. The result of all these researches was a history of the uro of ° "^'8" the Dutch governors.' which ashed ""»i'" heJie puo-mil, some years sin^ri tk i , "" '''™ ''«'"' ^•'"'ois opinions totn theti hteraryIt r a °" «'="""™™ ^""'^ ''""y "ft^r the publication wok,Jl"and of hi, now that he is dead and «o„c, it cannot do ha m to lu his memory to say, that his time might I,ave beeu m better employed in weightier labo:,. He, however, was art t tack up the, dust a little in the eyes of his nei.libo^ gneve the ™ spjrit of some friends, for whom he felt the deference and C affection; yet his errors and follies are remem bered . more „. sorrow than in anger," and it begins to ZZ pected that he never intende,! ° to injure or offend. to memory But howeve may be appreciated by critics, it is still held dl by many folk whose good opinion is well worth havin. partTc ulary by certain biscuit-bakers, who have gone so fa a" ItoZ" ins likeness p™ on their new-year cakes, and have h s gi him a chance for .mmortaliiy, aln.ost equal to th,, bein., stamped- ona Waterloo medal, or a Queen Anne's farthing."]" ^ ™i.!X™pSiSS?;j?;:'£ s^^j-s ?;'-/a*.v»>„K«..* who. ;!"" "»»""•« '»>«<>l<«- : ».< »»,' ...el, i. a ™„,p„„„j „, ."Si" „ („^y„,^ ^,,^, '"'™'"" "'' "'" "I" ml'&'"S.*1Sir''°' " •» Pl«.e.. Explain .1,e 10 FotthliconstracMonMoMason'.Graninmr «ec 2001 «„j.„. .i» . Th. .1 ..s.*hB=«... ."wr.«e„..E„,u^;,inri';r,".h*^,:"rY:r — — ; w^ 7.. BIP VAN WINKLE. 395 >ory of the pro- which he pub- RIP VAN WINKLE. ous opinions aa A POSTHUMOUS WRITING OF DIEDRICH KNICKERBOCKER. the truth, ::t is iieritis its scn^^ By Woden, God of Saxons, From whence cgrnea Wensday, that is Wodensday, lestioned d' Truth is a thinjj that ever I will keep thylkei2 day in which I can creep into itablished Unto My sepulchre • —Cartwright. 3 a book ol Legendary lore had always a charm for Irving ; he was delighted with Scott's M Min- strelsy of the Scottish Border"— ballads, legendary, and otherwise, taken down by Scott from chiefly the recitation of old peasant women ; he had read translations of German persons, and is said to have received from Scott the hint that sobw >lication of legends by different his of these -night be made the foundation of an excellent story. at the end of Rip Van Winkle Irving indicates the nnot do nuu'h In the characteristic note origin of his story—the legend of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. According fio this ave been much legend the old emneror had not died, hut, attended by faithful Knights, was in a charmed sleep in an underground castle of the Kypphauser Mountain in the Hartz when the glory and greatness of the German Empire had de- i^er, was apt to range, to return again parted, in order to restore them once more. The attendant knights ha> e been seen. now and then One Peter Klaus, a villager, while wandering in the mountains, met with a number of men in antique garb ; after being courteously entertained by them he returned eighbors, and home only to find that he had been absent twenty years. Other stories more or less resembling this are current among the German peasantry. 'elt the truest Legends concerning the supernatural disappearance of people from the earth, and their tliat )f subsequent return, are common in all parts of the world ; among others are the s are remem- Seven Sleepers of Epiiesus— seven young Christian men who, to escape persecution "he reign of th« Emperor Decius, retired to a cave where they slept two hundred . -rs, of ins to be sus- and awoke to find Christianity the established belief ; the legend Thomas the Rhymer or Thomas of Ercildoune,—so ^.<-ominent in the Northern ballads of England and Scot- But however land,—who was taken away from larth by the Queen of Faivy Land, and who returns from time to time on various errands ; the nursery fairy story of the Sleeping Beauty till " " so long and so persistently held dear Hogg's Kilmeny ; the famous legend of King Arthur, believed in by the Welsh (see Greene's " History of the English People," reign of Edw. " aving, partic- I.) In the " Passing of Arthur in Tennyson's Idyls of the King, Arthur says :— " I perish by this people which I made, far as to im- Tho' Merlin sware that I sh'ould come again To rule once more." '^e thus given Sir Bediverc cries, as Arthur moves away in the black boq,t : " ing stamped'" He passes to be King among the dead. And after healing of his grievous wound, ' He comes again." 'I But it is not the legend proper that constitutes the charm of Rip Van Winkle ; the humor lies elsewhere ; it lies in the delineation of Rip's character and domestic sur- roundings ; in the picture of the little Dutch inn with its landlord and frequenters, and ire. Develop the in the astounding change within the short space of (apparently) a night, that dazes tho reader almost as much as it did the hero himself—a change from the snug, cosy Dutch int(uy=i), whose inn with its old style sign to the ricketty, barn-like, slipshod " hotel " with the everlast- ing "Union" attached to it; from the fat, stupid, speechless Dutchman, Nicholas " " Vedder, to the lean, bustling, voluble Yankee Jonathan ; and from the sleepy villaije n (negative), and with its grave discussions of worn-out subjects and stale news, to the clamor of public speech-making in the warfare of modern party politics— the whole, with its dash of 38. Explain the sportive satire and its mock solemnity, told in the author's happiest vein. The adapted legend forms only about a fourth part of the present piece. But although 470 and note, the story is of foreign origin, yet the little village with its inhabitants and characteris- tics of both its early and later days, the hero himself a denizen of the villa(.>-e, and the n New York. magnificent scenery of the Kaatskills and the "lordly Hudson" at their feet, are so inseparably united that we cannot conceive of the legend as bslonging to any other spot than that to which the auther has transferred it. ' 12 Thylke, "that," still used in Lowland Scotch ; acompound of the Ang. Sax. the, and lie (lik), like; mch is composed of sica, so, and ifc; which, of htoa, who or what, and lie. % 396 CANADIAN READER.-BOOK VI. the rivor, """"^ '" ""' '"'««' »* swellin- un t„ 7, l fi t -ou,.w :r„c r;* ^0^ "« "" - the weather, rjr""^'^ <=^»g'' »' indeed every ' l.our of the Yav L , ^he '" .a^iea. ..ue, aaAhape/oV tl 7^ ~:V^r°"^ Hue and ^Z^Zl^Cl^Z::^ '" i»g ^ T''""' sky; but scnetnnes, when "^ the Tst the T t" cloudle., they will gather a uS I^ summits, X^f^^^.^l^^."'°"' which, in the last i-avs of th. ''"'"«>..» ana light up "" ™''' *'" g'"- like a orown of ^.^ At the fqpfc of these fairy mountains fV, ^:.::^ed-f?tE"-^--; Stuyvesant (mayCe Un plT^rtl"' "' "' ''""'^^^'^^ """ '""^ *>>» houses of the „nt,i„al settltrT ^^ °' of '"" small yellow t:Lh::ttrad '"; 'r"^-^ .inaowdgahl^on^^ to ™^ ^^'''«'" ^tr;:^:t:::tr:rz^was sadly time-worn 1 "tand weather- requirements ''" o?^;h«^ of the story would natumvhHn *^ '"'"d from tAc beX- by making .h;'dc:,;.~i;s S"mSta?* '" "<' '""'•i«i™ . ! teitiffi;' _jm. BIP VAN WINKLE. 397 niust remember beaten), there lived many years since, while th^ country was bered branch of yet a province of Great Britain, a simple, good-" 'ured fellow," to y the west of of the name of Rip Van Winkle. He was a d r^ndant of the ling it" over the Van Winkles who figured so gallantly in the chivalrous days of every change of Peter Stuyvesant, and accompanied him to the siege of fort some change in Christina." He inherited, however, but little of the martial and ; they are character of his ancestors. I have observed that he was a perfect simple good-natured barom- man ; he was moreover a kind \ieiglibor,'^ are y clothed in and an obedient henpecked husband. Indeed, to the latter cir- the clear even- cumstance might be owing that meekness of spirit which gained 3 landscape him such universal is popularity ; for those men are ijiest apt to >rs abuut be their obsequious and conciliating abroad, who are under the dis- sun, will glow cipline of shrews at home. Their tempers, doubtless, are ren- dered pliant and malleable in the fiery furnace of domestic ger may have tribulation,^' and a curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the ullage, whose world for teaching the virtues of patience and long-suffering. A e blue tints of termagant*" wife may, therefore, in some respects, be considered irer landscape. a tolerable blessing; and if so. Rip Van Winkle was thrice 5n founded by blessed. • the province, Certain it is, that he was a great favorite among all the good iegoo4^ Peter wives of the village, who, as usual with the amiable sex,^' took e some of the his part in all family squabbles, and never failed, whenever ^ years, built they talked those matters over in their evening gossipings," to lay •ving latticed all the blame on Dame Van Winkle. The children of the vil- 'cocks. x« Why not man instead of fellow Note carefully the following " description of a )uses (which, good-natured ne'er do well." n In Delaware it was held by ; the Swedes who claimed, and had in part colonized that " nd weather- rajrion. See m Knickerbocker's History of New York " the absurdly ludicrous mock heroic description of the siege and capture of this fort by Stuyvesant and his wonderful army. . • The KaatBkJIls 18 Why is this statement repeated ? Remark the mock earnestness herefore brouufht in what immedi- ately follows,—one of the ekments of the humor of the piece. J from the be^n- illajfe at the foot metaphor in "their tempers- tribulation," bearing in mind that 398 CANADIAN READER.-BOOK VI. skirts, ""-'"8 °» '''» clttraijoih... on 1,1, h-d 7 )"« with • "', "'"^'"" " "'°»=™'J «*'»" J-npumtyi.,nu Ftv !, 1 " and notf • , a doff would h>irl- of i xi out the neigliborhood ^^ ^""^ *^'°"gh- couraged by ,"""''' "°.' '"' ""- a single nibble. He ^^u on his shoulder for hours " 5"^^°™ togeth tmd n - 'r ""' swamps, and up hill and "^^ """^^ do™ 1 1 ft 7 wild pigeons, 'ho would neZ ' "' ^ "t as' ^ T Tr'' in the roughest toil, and w.« a foremost ma" a .11 eoTf", for husking "r Indian corn, or building so" of the Z' village, too, used to ^ 7"'"™ employ him to run f h to do such """ little odd jobs as their 1 s , ,i „ hTb T'^ not do for then. ""''•' ;-in a word. Rip ! body H eS'fo .tld 3 business but his own ; but as to doing l^Uyal keeping h,s '' 3"' farm in order, ' he found it in.pofsibr J^l!^^^;^:^^^^^^^^::^^^''^^-^^ on his farm • it i! " vr. RIP VAN WINKLE. 369 approached. He was the most pestilent little piece of gr nd in the whole coun- taught try everything about it . them to ; went wrong, and would go wrong, in stories of spite of him. His fcnctvs wore coutinuiilly falling ghosts, to pieces ; liia dging cow would cither go asl niy, or g(^.t about the among the cabbages ; weeds were sure to grow thicker hanging on his in his il(>]d,s than any where else ; tlio lousand tricks on rain always made a point of setting in just as he had some out- door work to at liim through- do ; so that tbougli his patrimonial estate liad dwindled away under his management, acre l)y acre, until there nsuperablo aver- was little more left tlian a mere patcii of Indian corn and not be from the potatoes, yet it was the worst conditioned farm in the neighbor- Id sit on a wet hood. ^* lance, and fish His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged )uld not be en- to nobody. His son Rip, an urchiu begotten in his own like- a fowling-piece ness, promised to iniuu-it the habits, with the old clothes of his )ugh woods and father. Ho w^is generally seen trooping like a colt at his mother's ow squirrels or heels, ecpiipped in a pair of his father's cast-off galli- neighbor even gaskins," which he had much ado'« to bold up with one hand, as a fine lady does country frolics her train in bad weatbcr. Rip Van A\'"iukle, however, . The women Avas one of those happy mortals, iir errands, and of foolish, well-oiled dispositions;-'^ who take the world easy, eat usbands would white bread or brown,*^ whichever caii be got with least thought or ittend to any- trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than Avork for a pound. lily duty, and If left to himself, ho would have whistled )ife away in perfect conteutuient ; but his wife kept continually dinning in n his his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, farm ; it and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 11," not" to," since Morning, noon, and night, contains also the her tongue was incessantly going, irical, while "avor- iiot and everything he said or did was present to the sure to produce a torrent of irected, not of the household elo(|uence. Rip had but IS to be the more one Avay of replying to all lectures of the kind, and that, l)y frequent use, had grown into lat effect does the enor of the piece? "Gallifraskinaweroakindof kt is the character wide, full (ronsers, worn in the latter part of the 16th and beprinintj of the 1/th coi>tury. The word is said to be a "derivative cf the Italian Wrecftffwco—Greek a name ; Kiveii to a particular kind of hose worn at Venice." 'hina oroner. anrf 'ji^''' is s. " a eonrractiou ust-a u« a noun for at do, They also con" J to do : the preposition at was often used before the infinitive in the old ranansare also of Northern Enulish dialoct. ''.are also Tartars. J9 Develop the metaphor in "well-oiled " disposition" ; also in torrent o» eloqunnr- 1"? volley, and draw oif his forces" l>olo\v note, Change it to ; in passing, any change ot metaphor, so Express 'eat—brown" in other words. ; 400 CANADIAN READER.—BOOK VI. a habit. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his ejes, but said nothing. This, however, always provoked a fresh volley from his wife, so that he was fain to draw off his forces, and take to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. Rip's sole domestic adherent was his dog Wolf, who was as much henpecked as his master ; for Dame Van Winkle regarded them as companions in idleness, and even looked upon Wolf with an evil eye, as the cause of iiis master's going so often astray. True it is, in all points of spirit befitting an honorable dog, he was as courageous an animal as ever scoured the woods —but what courage can withstand the ever-during and all-be- setting terrors of a woman's tongue ? The moment Wolf entered the house, his crest fell, his tail drooped to the ground, or curled between his legs, he sneaked about with a gallows air, casting many a sidelong glance at Dame Van Winkle, and at the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with yelping precipitation.s^ Times grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on : a tart temper never mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener with constant use.'* For a long while he used to console himself, when driven from home, by frequenting a kind of perpetuaP' club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village, which held its sessions on a bench before a small inn designated by a rubicund portrait of his Majesty George the Third.'* Here they used to sit in the shade tl' rough a long lazy J SI Remark upon "yelping precipitation." Show whether the author has hitherto been " minute in details." s» H jw many and what flgurca are contained in " Times—use " ? Develop them fully. 8S What is the author's object in usinfy " perpetual," and " sages and philosophers" And "profound discusoioiis" further on ? 84 Compare this description of tho inn and Van Bummel with that of the village ale-house and the school-master in Goldsmith's " Deserted Villaere." (See the critical re- mari<8 on Irving's style.) The additional personage, Nicholas Vedder, is a reproduction in miniature of Governor Wouter Van Twiller, in the "History of New York," a humorous satirir ~.tion of the phlegmatic Dutch character, so atti-active a subject to Irving in bi» earlier writings. The landlord serves materially to localize the itoiy ; JilP VAN WINKLE. 401 ad, cast up his ovoked summers day, talking listlessly- a fresh over village gossip, or telling endless sleepy stories about nothing. off his forces, But it would have been worth any side which, in statesman's money to have heard the profound dis- cussions that sometimes took place, when by chance an old news- paper fell into their F, who was hands from as some passing traveller How inkle regarded solemnly they would listen to the contents, as drawled out by Derrick d upon Wolf Van Bummel, the schoolmaster, a dapper learned little oing so often man who was not to bo daunted-by the most gigantic word in an the dictionary and how sagely honorable ; they would deliberate upon public events some months ed the woods after they had taken place The ng and all-be- opinions of this junto^" were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a : Wolf entered patriarch of the village, and landlord of the mn at the door lund, or curled of which he took his seat from mornin-. till night, just W3 air, casting moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep in the ^ade of a large tree I at the least ; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his the door with movements as accurately as by a sun-dial. It is true he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly. His adherents,BT inkle aa years however (for every great man has his adher- ents), ows with age, perfectly understood him, and knew how to gather his opinions. s keener with When anything that was read or related displeased him he was isole himself, observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send of perpetuaP^ forth short, frequent, and angry pufTs, but when pleased he would inhale sonages of the the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light -e a small inn and placid clouds and ; sometimes taking the pipe from George the his mouth, and letting the fragrant ;y vapor curl abouc his nose rj would [jh a long lazy gravely nod his head ' in token of perfect approbation From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length iithor has hitherto routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in up- "? on the tranquillity of Develop them the- assemblage and call the members all to naught nor was that august and philosophers" ; personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this that of the village terrible virago, (See the critical re- r, is a reproduction f of New York," a ictive a mibjact to ftlize the stoij thS wp„V„*jSiK'JeTre^„t"HS^^ I ' "* "'* I Note this « quiet little piece of wtire, * ^ " 402 CAN AD[AN HEADER.^BOOK VI. who charged him outright with encouraging her husband in liabits of idleness. Poor Rip was at last reduced almost to despair; and his only altematI^'e, to escape from the labor of the farm and clamor ot his wife, was to take gun in liand and stroll away into the woods. Here he would sometimes seat himself at the foot of a tree, and share the contents of his wallet with Wolf with whom he sympathized as a '' fellow-sufferer in persecution. Poor Wolf,' he would say, " thy mistress leads thee a dog's life of It; but never mind, my lad, whilst I live thou shalt never want a friend to stand by thee !" Wolf would wag his tail, look wistfidly m his master's face, and if dogs can feel pitv, I verily believe he reciprocated the sentiment^^ with all his heart In"' a long ramble of tlie kind on a fine autumnal day Rip had unconsciously scrambled to one of the highest parts of the Xaatskill mountains. He was after his favourite snort of squirrel-shooting, and the still solitudes had echoed and re- echoed with the reports of his gun. Pantfng and fatigued, lie threw himself, late in the afternoon, ^ on a green knoll, covered with mountain herbage, that crowned the brow of a From pr-cipice an opening between the trees he could overlook all the lower country for many a mile of rich woodland. He saw at a distance the lordly Hudson, far, far below him, moving on its silent but majestic course, with the reflection of a purple cloud or tlie sail of a hgging bark, here and there sleeping on its glassy bosom, and at last losing itself in the blue highlands On the other side he looked down into a deep mountain gkn wdd, lonely, and shaggy, the bottom filled with fragments from the impending cliffs, and scarcely lighted by the reflected rays of the setting sun. For some time Rip lay musing on the scene evening ; was gradually advancing ; the mountains began to throw their lo ng blue shadows over the valleys ; he saw that ~ ~~ • 88 Give the full exnlannfinn nt *»,ia .,1 . mountain cribed in siott/s Lady ofThe r^ake^a^ .*^*' with that des- Amount for the charlcter^S tS'l^V^ou-oftc^iS^Sph " oS\^^^^^^ »-ors of Dame ° encountering Van Winkle. the ter- As*« ho was about to tlesron,] i, i '-llooin«, "Kip Vuu wt::\^\';"''»™r ''''"''''''''»'» round, but ^^"*''' '" could ' ,ee nothi "/bM ' "^ '""keU fl.«l.t across the mountain "«;'" "?:,"'''"'"« "' -'"-/ "eoeived ),i„, „„a turned" "' '""^^' '""" ..a-;/'?'"' '-o fame cry ri„« "''' tl.rou.-h the sH "''i-'" ''« ''«'"i the -J. «ivin« . loud Wstled „„ ,,3 ,;• ,rJ^^, XT *r,^.^"" 1,„ fearfully down i„to"the glen ? ^««' '"<"-g K . '/r'"'^ «on stealing ^"" " over him • heLl / "' ^'"S'"' "I'l^hcn! «on and "' -' ,.roeived a st'ra '"" 1™- and itCe'l";'?'' ' bending ' '""'"" under the * h>,T f '"' ""= ''ocfo He was surprised '^ -"«> on hi and•»f tol ITT^^ unfrequented T^ "" '"'"'« '" place C "'" lonelv the neighbourhood "'""'"*'' " '° ''« '»™" one in "'"''nee'd of , oj to °^ ''« --»'a„ce, yield it... ho hastened down On nearer approach he was still n, ["tyof the strangers ap " '' "^ -S"' bu.>t It /r'"'''""'' old fellow, ''''"•'' with th k Ci;. 'T " ^'I"'»°- H- dress wa, "'"' """'"'' of the anti,, -^^ "," " ""="''• strapped round the waist, ^•'""' J"*'"'" one 'sLraut-'fT^" of an,ple vohnn,, de oratedtit " ""' o"'- «;de.s r"''"''" and buttons °"™'*"" '"""'^ at the la ec /"r "" '''! ^'"""''" ^^-"if^L^^ee.ned to cont^n l^o "'Ir' » tMli^ i ' > 404 Canadian reader.-book vj. Rip to approach and assist him with the load. Though rather shy and distrustful of this new acquaintance, Rip complied with hjj8 usual alacrity ; and, mutually relieving each other," they clamhered up a narrow gully, apparently the dry Led of amoiiu- tain torrent. As they ascended. Rip every now and then heard long rolling peals, like distant thunder, tliat seemed to issue out of a deep ravine, or rather clbft, between lofty rocks, toward which their rugged i)ath conducted. He paused for an instant, but supposing it to be the muttering of one of those transient thunder-showers which often take place in mountain-heights, he proceeded. Passing** through the ravine, they came to a hollow, like a small amphitheatre, surrounded by peqiendicular precipices, over the brinks of which impending trees shot their branches, so that you only caught glimpses of the azure sky and the bright evening cloud. During the whole time Rip and his companion had labored on in silence, for tliougli the former marvelled greatly what could be the object of carrying a keg of liquor up this wild mountain, yet there was something strange and incomprehensible about the unknown that inspired awe and checked familiarity. On entering the amphitheatre,** new objects of wonder pre- sented themselves. On a level spot in the centre was a com- pany of odd-looking personages playing at nine-pins.*^ They were dressed in a quaint, outlandish fashion ; some wore short doublets,** others jerkins, with long knives in their belts, and " " 44 Examine the correctness ot this phrase ; also so that—cloud further down. 46 Compare the description of the hollow here with that of the T^oaachs in Scott's Lady of the Lake, canto I. 46 Amphitheatre—Or. amphi around, and tfieatron, seeing,—a thcncre with seats on all sides ; the usual theatre was in the form of a semicircle. The term is here applied to a litlle vale surrounded by hills, i 4T So in the legend of Peter Klau^ ; but Irving here takes liberties with the Enl^Iits of Barbarossa ; he makes them Dutchmen, but in his own way. <« Quaint—a very disguised form of the Latin cognitu». " In French the word toolf the sense ot trim. neat. fine. kc. : in English it meant famous, remarkable, eui-inun, ftr Doublet—'' Fr. double, double ; Lat. duo, two ; and phis, related to pleniis, full." Orlgiqally a thickly wadded JMket tor 4etepQe ', (^terw»r4a a clos^&itiiifir poftt extend- ing down to the iu)ddl«. « J^'W he,.,,, .'""l*'''"'"' one broad face aJl 7 n l.ad ot..o. P«;;"j;a the .„„„., , ,.„,:^: -: . face of a„- by a """^ white sugar-loafimt "»» '"""ounted »„t off ' T' tl-y '"' '""" '•'"' all had beard, o/lll " '"^^'' WL O"o who ""*, °°''""- seemed to J tr olf^r ^''"« ''«« gB«Uen.a„,» ' "" '"" » »'<»" ,wth a , eu ,0, ^7" oW iaoed doubJet, ''« ""« broa.l b^ „"m "T"^"''""'' ' " fo.t"o, red stoeking, L"' „ 77','"f--"edh.t a„<, the,„. The whole "'°'"' "'"' ™»^» "• gm p "e„, n , S" Flemish °'.""' pai„ti„g i,.'' " '1 "«"'" "' "^^ , T^'" » village parse,,, and ^"""""' ^"» «'""'«''-." "« wl,ich"1,ad , a' the ' """"«'" ti„,e or the sottjll,! " "?' '-»' Holland ^'-^Imt seemed purticularlv orl,l f« tj- '"Ilc« were evide.fti, -^^^^J^;^^ "-^h these the gravest faees,- "'"^ maintained the ,„„st ,„„.,', ^ """' al. the most meh;„el,oCr X TT' "'" ''™- ""»- Nothing interrupted " ''"',' "^^ """--^ t^' t the C "u bail,, .hieh, ' "°"^ "' .henter the7 :' „ '!", «.ou,.ta,„s o^d" t like run,.,,ing '' "'""'' "- peals of tl,™',:" "'""K deJted"';:;' L7r^:.Tf :'.'''™' "»- -""^'^ «tatue-like ga.e, and L,fh Zngtl, ;'"=" ""-l' anccs, 7'?''-'"«'"'T* that his i,eart eonnten- tnrned w,Uin 1 together. His companio: ': '""' '^ >"-3 smote en,p"i I,""; nith the Enlj>lit8 '.^«^-Kiffl;A*5?^^-«?-"'-v..„. WM.^„ —; -O: (it^-ri- *^i 406 CANADIAN READER. -BOOK VL pany. IIo obeyed with four and trombliiin ; thoy quaffed the li([iu)r in prufountl HiloiiCP, nm hew w* turned to their game. degrt!c-4 Kip'^ awe By and ., ^nvh* jmion sukidyd. Ho oven ventured, when no ey« vr»M Rx. 1 uj.ou Jjiin, to tusfai the bever- age, which \w found had %um\\ of the thiVur A excellent Jfol- hinds, lie was imt^^mlly a thirsty soul, and was soon teuiptn.! to repeat the (Iriui^ht. Om tuHte i)rov()ke(l onother; and ho reiterated his visits lu Hie flagofi so often, thiif: at length his senses were overpowered, \m d :m swanv in his head, \m head gradually declined, and ho fell in( • a deep sleep.'* On waking, he found himself on tho green knoll whence ho had first seen tho old man of the ghni. He rubbed his eyes it was a bright sunny morning. Tho birds wore hopping and twitfc(U'ing among tho bushes, and tho eaglo was wheeling aloft, and breasting tho pure mountain breeze. " Surely," thought Rip, "I huvo not slept hero all night." Ho recalled the occur- rences before he fell asleep. The strange man with the keg of liquor—tho mountain ravine— tho ^\ ild retreat among the rocks the wo(}-bogone party at nine-pins — — —tho flagon " Oh I that liagon 11. it !" ! wiik.nl flagon thought Rip; "what excuse shall I make t, Jam 'an Winkle?" . He looked round for his gun, but in place of tho clean well- oiled f(nvling-pi( 00, he foun»l an old firelock lying by hira, the barrel encrusted witli rust, the lock falling off, ami the stock worm-eaten. lie now sus})ected that the grave roystera of the mountain had put a trick upon him, and, having dosed him with liquor, had robbed him of his gun. Wolf, too, had disappeared, but he might have strayed awaj after a squirrel or partridge. Ho whistled after him, and shouted his name, but all in vain the echoes repeated his whis ;.o and shout, bufe no dog was to be seen. He determined to revisit tho . cene of the last evening's (nm- bol, and, if he met witfi any of the party, to demand liia dog 84 Why does the author remove Riti from hi8 supernatural company In this parti- cular manner? What ia the peculiarity in words such as " twitterinir," four line* below ? IIP VAN WIlfKLB. ^j itr:„a tint;::;; ::'::;,''=/"";''' ""-""" ""f- «- """«'" «i|' """'I "l."ul.n,.vm„t„wir,. if Ihi, f,.„|,-, 'f 'im- ;!:!;""""'""• ' »'"" '« wit,; i,.,.,i ; •".»«, leapuij; rro,„ rock '""« ''""" "- to rock „„,I fl ™-kin« "'"''^ hi,, toi,3om„ " ^'''™' way fhro°,l , \T'''; -ained. Tl,„ rocks "^ ""* "P"^"'"« '- pre," t,J It^ which ""'"""•''^'•''« w,.Il, the torro„t« , ' over c„ , „ t M- -nd feu iuo „ hroad Tep'h '"""'' i SI",: n,;" f","""^ Burrounding "^ «lui.lows <,f tlio forest KotC tl. wj« hro,,.,. --'. He^,.i,,.„f;::;/ :::„,7;«;i; to „ ' answered by tJ.e ''° '™' ""'^ cawing of a flock f in air ahout a dry """' ''-"»g''isl. treo%hat vTrh, J t who. secure i„ their '"7 !"'"""'^'° """ e,ev„tio,r eZj l ' at the poor man's ''"'"' "'"' '"»'' perplexities w, ^ Lis breakfast '^ '" *™"'"^'l f'"' ^™"t He ,-rievId t! of ;Teaded to "^ -^ meet bis XtZ^Z^Jt,^'^ «"" "e tlie mountains. " "'""'o Ho shoo • bf. i 7, ""'"nt; iock, and, With ™,"""'.' "^^ '"^'^ «- at ;itf t ::! steps " '""' ""•'""'y. 'Mned venmg s (nm- nora.nv.vd his ;; & .408 CANADIAN READER.—BOOK VI. Ap he approached the village ho met a number of people, hut none whom he knew, which somewhat surprised hiiu, for lie had thought himself acquainted with every one in the country round. Their dress, too, was of a different fashion from that to which (1 he was accustomed. They all stared at liim with equal marks of surprise, and, whenever they cast their eyes upon liim, invariably stroked their chins. The constant recur- rence of this gesture induced Rip, involuntarily, to do the same —when, to liis astonishment, he found his beard had grown a foot long I^" He had now entered the skirts of the village, A troop of strange children ran at his heels, hooting after him, and point- ing at his grey beard. The dogs, too, not one of whom he re- cognized for an old acquaintance, barked at him as he passed the very village was altered ; it was larger and more populous. There were rows of houses which he had never seen before and those which had been his famihar haunts had disappeared. Strange names were over the doors—strange faces at the Avin- dows—everything was strange. His mind now misgave him he began to doubt whether both he and the world around him were not bewitched. Surely** this was his native village which he had left but the day before. There stood tlie Ivaatskill mountains—there ran the silver Hudson at a distance—there was every hill and dale precisely as it had ahvays been. Rip was sorely perplexed. "That flagon last night," thought ho " " has addled^^ my poor head sadly ! It was with some difficulty that he found his Avay to his own house, which he approached with silent awe, expecting every moment to hear the shrill voice of Dame Van Winkle, He found the house gone to decay—the roof fallen in, the windows ei Barbarossa's beard has grown through the marble table " whereon ho rests his nead. SB Why beprin the sentence with this word ? Change the rest of the paraaraph to the direct narrative form, *^ "•'^'*"~'""° *^' '^"'' ^"" ''^^' * '^^'®^ **** <"^»'na' meaning is inflam- BultlM • " HrP VAN WINKLE 409 rfiottercd, and the dooi-. off tl, i,- that looked liked Wolf „» i,, "^''- ^ ^alf-starved dog '"°"' by hi., '' «'P '^'^ '""• name b ,t tl c' t" I!* 0.^ xhi, .;::: :— r^d^^r^j;:-- - -- poor Rip, ''^^^^ -has forgotten me '" ^ ^' '"^ the lonely '" '"'" -" <=l'"'l-n; chamb t .^t f r"'^ """""' "'*" then all a'gain „a "LZ '''' -'- -' vm;:":t -- - r;rjrr i:: '-^f ' building ^^ ""'"'">' ""°J™ stood in its nl»™ -T' brokon:a„d»e *''"'.'"« "'''^°*'' -'»" 1 ,,'^from'ht '"T P'"'™'"-'' door was painted t17i? t ""f ^"^ "^'^ tb" '°""«"'» Instead ''? ' "-""'«•" o'llat t ee^lT 'T x>..tch inn oiyz:x:z^::t:/:^:^r't '''° something on the " "" "'"'' '""' top that looked' 1 hie ""•, .f ft was "'ghteap, and from flutterin.. a flac „ ,, ,,."'"* "" =<""'- of stars and sWpes " —""Se sible. ''?^° »<1 • inoomprehen- He r^c 'la on 1™ of King "'™^' ""= '""^ '-" George, Ider wh eh . ^^"^ ™°'""^ peaceful pipe rb„;tlT,, =° """"y " ""/'"S"'-'^ The red coat was ehaZed ".etamorphosed. beld in the han^ ' ''""' '- t::;'ofaTel^t e 'r ''f T' '*'''' with ' "* ''""^orated a cocked hat and nnde. T, ^^ P^-^ -large ters, G.™„J wl:;i:t "' chano- "' """^'^ """'''' ^banged': Th!: wa. a tas^'Tsijustling,^'^ ."l^ disputatious tone about lii II i. 410 CANADtAK nEAbEH.—mOK VJ. ifc, instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquillity. He looked in vain for tlio sage Nicholas Vedder, with his broad face, double chin, and fair long pipe, uttering"^ clouds of tobacco smoke instead of idle speeches; or Van Bummel, the school- master, doling forth tlie contents of an ancient newspaper. In place of these, a lean, bilious-looking fellow,"^ with his pockets full of hand-bills, was liaranguing vehemently about rights of citizens—elections— members of congress—liberty—Bunker's Hill—heroes of seventy-six -and other words, which were a perfect Babylonish jargon'^ to the bewildered Van Winkle. The appearance of Rip, with his long grizzled beard, his rusty fowling piece, his uncouth dress, and an army of women and children at liis heels, soon attracted the attention of the tavern politicians. They crowded round him, eyeing him from head to foot with great curiosity. The orator bustled up to him, and, drawing him partly aside, inquired " on which side he voted?" Rip stared in vacant stupidity. Another short but busy little fellow pulled him by the arm, and, rising on tiptoe, inquired in his ear, " Whether he was a Federal or a Demo- crat :''«* Rip was equally at a loss to comprehend the question ; when a knowing self-important«5 old gentleman, in a sharp cocked hat, made his way through the crowd, putting them to the right and left with his elbows as he passed, and planting himself before Van Winkle, with one arm akimbo,«« the other despised this typical Yanlcee Jonathan as he was phlegmatic.^hti"?" Dutchman,n ^^t'^'^y He amused at th.* lamented the displacement of the nlH in., w fl!! V comfortle.^ village ''hotel" and ; ward and taTer^mcs wftlShe" pseudo-patriotic cant and h^jU^^^^^^ disifiaceful personalities he utterly loathed over the separate government. States than the latter was willing to grant B'' The self-importance of those~ in nffls-f- h.i' ft.waj-sbeeii a.favoriia subject with writers. ' of «aiir« ; ' J?IP VAX WINKLE. 411 tranquillity, y resting on his cane, his keen eyes and sliarp hat ponetratincr as vith his broad lb were, into his very sou1,«t. do.uunded in an austere t^one, lids of tobacco What brought liim to the election witli a gun on his shoulder 1, the school- and a mob at his heels, and whether he meant to breed a riot wspaper. In m the village ?"-" Alas ! gentlemen," cried Rip, somewhat dis- 'h. his pockets mayed, "I am a poor quiet man, a native of thaplace, and a out rights of loyal subject of tJio king, God bless him !" ty —Bunker's Here a general shout burst from tlie by-standers~" A tory i«« hich were a a tory a spy ! a ! refugee ! hustle him ! away with liim !" It was Winkle, with great difficulty that the self-important man in the cocked ard, his rusty hat restored order and, having ; assumed a tenfold austerity of women and brow, demanded agaiu of the unknown culprit what he came of the tavern there for, and whom he was seeking. The poor man humbly m from head assured him that he meant no liarm, but merely came there in 1 up to him, searcli qf some of his neighbors, who used to keep about the hich side he tavern. er short but " Well ; who are they ?—name them !" ig on tiptoe, Rip bethought himself a moment, and inquired, « Where's or a Demo- Nicholas Vedder ?" he question There Avas a .ih.i.co for a little while, when aa old man re- in a sharp plied in a thin, piping voice, " Xicholas Tedder ! wliy ],e is ing them to dead and gone these eighteen years ! There was a wooden md planting tombstone in the churchyard that used to tell all about him, ,*> the other but that's rotten and gone too." " Where's Brom Butcher ?" ition " Oh, he went with smoke off to the army in the beginning of the war ney," and othe< ; some say he was killed at the stormiiig of Stony Point««—others' IS amused at th» say he was drowned in a by the modern s(iuall at the foot of Antony's Xose.^o hypocritical and I don't know—ho never came back a'min." Is uncertain; it 07 Show wherein consists the ?"' humor of "his keen—soul," and of " villa-m Is this sentence in What—wnat—Tillage 7 direct or indirect narration ? te? In the fiarly es Those who took sides ral with the English Government during the fi:overnmcnt tion war of the Revolu- were called "Tories " by their opponents at was ; the close of the war their propertv nearly all confiscated and thev tli lapses of time, and of matters ^ ^hich he oulcl lo TTT understand : war-congress-stony • Point"^ '"~^^"TV i ° ^^'^ "« <^o»rage to ask "anyij moreiiiure iriends,friends after Wbut cried «« out in desmir r»^-. u i , know ^ °'' "°^'*^^ ^^^^^ Rip Van Winkle ?" " Oh Rip V^n Winkle !" exclaimed two or three -Of, *°fnT.^® sure ! that's ' "' Rip Van Wintl« .r^. 7 1 ^'"''^"^ ' "^^^"^^ *'^« t^ee." Rip looked and h.] 1^ ^ ' P'''^'' counterpart of himself werun the r \ as he God knawa," exclaimed he, at his wit's end; self— 'Tmminotmy-„otTv I'm somebody ehe_t),.,f'= „,„ j yondei—no-that's some- bodyooay else intn !, t . gotmt mto my shoes_I was myself last niaht but T f„ll ^leap on the mountain, and they've changed myg™ »devf -^ ="--"• ^2::^'{:^^ -" ^ --eii\:r-- ""'S"" ""^ '° look at .,• each other, nod «gn,flca„tly,J'r ''^;'''"''^f wink and tap their fingers against their foreh ads iTere wasa wh.sper,aIso, about securing the gun, and keeping th, dd e low from doing mischief, at the very suggestion of wh ch *"" "='"' '°«-'' dpitadorT"^"""' •" '"' -"• -"0 P- pressed through the throng to get a peep at the grey-bearded man She had a chubby chihl in her arms, ^tiu^ks, which fi.dteld began to c^y. . Hush, Eip,» cried she, " hul 1 n Show if younjr ftip jave early promise of thig, : RIP VAN WINKLE. 413 httle fool, the old manwon't'^ hurt you." litia general, The name of the child, the tone of her voice,78 all awakened a train of recollections in iiis mind. laiiges in liis " What is your name, my good woman ?" asked n the world. he. "Judith Gardenier." 3h enormous " And your father's name ?" understand poor "Ah, man, Rip Van Winkle was his name, but it's to ask after twenty years since he went away from home with his lobody here gun, and never has been heard of since ; his dog came home without- him; but whether he shot himself, or was carried away "Oh, to be by the Indians, nobody can tell. I was then but a little girl." St tlie tree." Rip had but one question more ; but he put it with imself as he a falter :'* ing voice ^ - certainly as " Where's your mother ?" confounded. " Oh, she too had died but a short time since slie himself or ; broke » blood-vessel in a fit of passion at a New-England pedler."^* the man in There was a drop of comfort, at least, in this intelligence. 3 his name, The honest man could contain himself no 'm not my- longer. He caught his daughter and her child in his arms. "I am your father!" liat's some- — cried he " young Rip Van Winkle once—old Rip Van Winkle ;, but I fell now ! —Does nobody know poor Rip Van Winkle ?" and every- All stood amazed, until an old woman, what's my tottering out from among the crowd, put her hand to her brow, and peering under it into his face for a moment, exclaimed, " nod, wink Sure enough ! it is Rip Van Winkle—it is himself ! Welcomfe home again, ids. There old neighbor — Why, where have you been these twenty !eping the long years V L of which Rip's story was soon told, for the whole twenty years some pre- had been to him but as one night. The neighboi-s stared ly woman when they heard it ; some were seen to wink at each other, y- bearded and put rightened M. Won't. The wo in this word is a remnant of the Old English wol, a form of the hush present tense of the verb wil'. won't is, therefore., vou ' coniposed of isci and jin.'— . -- — thn'•,....» h"--.-.nr- ing dropped out. ^ w How could the " tone of voice" do this? 1* Why " faltering " ? Is this statement in character? 2? Why does the author insert it? Irving liked to satirize the energetic, but often unscrupulous character of the N-?w England traders. ^ W' 1 ^ *« '' ''niiPiTiu ''ffifl IB*. ''iiaiiiS^ H n||^i, 414 CANADIAN SEADER.—BOOK VI. her tongues ,„ their cheek. : ,uul the .self-i„,p„rt™t man in the fiolJ, .,erewc,I dowu.tho comevs „t his mouth, ,u„I shook e,ul--„p„„ his ,vh,eh there ,v.vs a general shaking „f the head throughout the assemblage.™ It was determined, however, to UU the oj,i„i„,> of old Peter Vanderdonk who wa, s..en slowly a,lvaneing up the was roai Ho a deseendant of the historian of that nan.e, who wrote of the one earnest aeeounts of the province." Peter was the most «nc,ent .nhahitant of the village, an.l well ve..ed in all wonderful the events and traditions of the neighborhood He re "' """• """'"'""' '"^ =">> "' "'" ™»' a"rv"; ;r' fact handed down fro-u his ancestor the Wskdl hi.storian, that the mountams h.^ • dways been haunted by stra, That .e beinlr :t was affirmed that the great Hcndrick Hudso„: the d.seoverer first of the river and country, kept a kind of vigU every tweny tier yeafe with his evew of the Half-moon ; bdng nutted per m tlus way to revisit the scenes of his enterprise: and keep a guardutn eye upon the river, and the gi-eat city called bv hjs name. That his father had once seen them in th": old Dutch dresses playing at nine-]m,s in a hollow of the mountain • and that he h.mself Inid Ireard, one sununer afternoon, the of their sold balls, like di.stai.t peals of thunder. To make a long .mory short, the company broke np, -and re- turned to the- more important concerns of the election daughter Bin's took him home to live with her; she had a snu-, wdl! urnished house, and a stout cheery fanner for her hi^band whom Eip recollected for oue ' of the uiehins that used upon to elim Ins back As to EipVson and hei, who was the ditto himself seen eanmg against the tree, he was employed to on the work farm; but evinced an hereditary disposition to attend to anything else but his business. fel» i„ the ™ preocrfins p.rt o( ll.e .lo„. to a st.to„o„l 1„ a >1„,11„ .,_j„ » A .portivo reference to •• the Ulslor, of .\'ew Vork." RIP VAN WINKLE. 415 )rtant man in • Rip now resumed his old walks • and habits he soon found 'I rtsturned to many of his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the and shook his weai- and tear of time ; and preferred making of frien.k amon- : tlie head the rising generation,'^ with whom he soon grew into °crreat favor. • of ohl Peter Having nothing to do at . home, and being arrived le road. He at that happy age when a man can be idle with impunity, he took lio wrote one his place once more on the bench at the inn door, and was rever- i'as the most enced as one of the patriarchs of the village, and a chronicle of id in all the the old times ''before the war." It was some time before he )od. He re- could get into the regular track of gossip, or could be in the most made to comprehend the strange events that had taken place during his lat it was a torpor. How that there had been a revolutionary war— that m, that the the country had thrown off the yoke of old England—and that, ange beings, instead of behig a subject of his Majesty George the Third, he m, the first was now a free citizen of the United States. Rip, in fact, vigil there was no politician the changes of ; states and empires made but little heing per- impression on him but there ; was one species of despotism un- 3rprise, aiid der which he had long groaned, and that was—petticoat govern- y called by ment. Happily that was at an end ; he had got his i their neck out old of the yoke of matrimony, and could go in and mountain out whenever ; he phased without dreading the tyranny of Dame Van Winkle. , the sound Whenever her name was mentioned, however, he shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes ; which might p, and re- pass either for an expression of resignation to his fate, or joy on. Rip's at his deliverance. 79 snug, \veli- He used to tell his story to every stranger that arrived •' husband, at Mr. Doolittle's ~ hotel. He was at first observed to vary on some I to climb points every time he told it, which was, doubtless, owing to his le ditto of having so recently awaked. It at last settled down to precisely id to Avork the tale I have related, and not a man, woman, attend or child in the to neighborhood but knew it by heart. Some alwavs pretended to doubt the reality of it, and i: 'stcd that Rip had been out of M Why should thw be? w Might another explanation of this be offeree' T See the o*rly part of the story. 416 CANADIAN READER.-BOOK VI. his li«.v/, and that this was one point on which he alwayg re- mained dighty. The old Dutch inhabitants, however, almost universally gave it full credit. Even to this day they never hear a thunder-storm of a summer afternoon about the Kaatskill but they say Ilendrick Hudson and his crew are at their game of nmepms and it is a common ; wish of all henpecked husbands the m neighborhood, when life hangs heavy on their hands, that they might have a quieting draught out of Rip Van Winkle's flagon. ^"°» when Baw him, was a very venerahlH nlH mo^ oJ,V^ /^f, ' I last ^'^^ "» Perfectly rational Bistent on evLv oSr tioint fLf T I?'^"? and con- fuse to ^o-^W re- Lkrthfs^So tSe barS- n^^^^^^ 6«a to b» their mother. She dwelt^orthe Se,fp'Vi? ^TrJl",?' .ad had charge of the door, of day and nigH tfopeVandlnt .1,?™ ,.'l'' .Pin lighfummer clSoSt oTSw^'b 2d°SinT£w'aSndr',f ^ould'faU in genffe .ho^rCa' .'ing t .'"OJ' ' and « sr.,7^^^^^^^^'P*?"?' ">« '""'« »o ripen, the com to grow an inch er, ?,o..r T? j;.lf brew up cloud, flack J" S^elSi'^gYn tS m S r«f1hemTr'a Sttllbc? »ih;rernier-io';n;tiSeVi;eTS!.^irrfo%r^^^^^ •• Thi. Ignorance in offlclale 1. witarized in mow than one of Irvin-r-B woika. ; ; RIP VAN WmKLB!. 417 ther, or a deer, lead the bewildered hunter a weary chase always re- through tangled forests and among ragged rocka, and then spring off with a loud hoi hoi ver, almost leaving him aghast on the brink of a beetling precipice or raging torrent. " The favorite abode of thia Manitou still they never is shown. It is a great rock or cliff on the loneliest part of the mountains, and, from the flowering vines about e Kaatskill which clamber it, and the wild flowers which abound in its neigh- bourhood, is known by the name of the Garden Rock. Near the their foot of it game is a small lake, the haunt of the solitary bittern, with water-snakes basking d husbands in the sun on the leaves of the pond- lilies which lio on the surface. This Elace was held in great awe by the Indians, insomuch that the boldest leir hands, unter would not pursue his game within its precincts. Once upon a time however, a hunter who had lost his way penetrated to the Garden Rock, n Winkle's where he beheld a number of gourds placed in the crotches of trees. One of these he seized and made off with, but in the hurry of his retreat he lot it fall among the rocks, when a great stream gushed forth, which washed him away and swept him down precipices, where he was dashed to pieces, :e8ted to Mr. and the stream made its way t6 the Hudson, and continues to flow to the peror Fred- Eresent day, being the identical stream known by the name of the Kaaters- joined note, ill." an absolute Show what characteristics of Irving's style are illustrated in Kip Vt^n Winkle. , but never- :old Dutch md appear- . the villagea admit of a [The following is a poetical version of the Barbarossa by Oxm when learend German poet, I last Backert.] al and con- n could re- BARBAROSSA. on the sub- he iustice's ssibility of Der ait J Barbarossa, der Kaiser Friedrich, D. K." Im unterird'schen Schlosse halt er verzaubert sich, Qoraudum- Er iat niemals gestorben, er lebt darin noch jetzt region full Er hat im Schlosz verborgen zum Schlaf sich hingesetzt. influenced id sending Er hat hinabgenommen des Reiohes Herrlichkeit, aw spirit, wird einst wiederkommen mit ihr Catskills, Und zu seiner Zeit. lem at the up the old Der Stuhl ist elfenbeinem, wor&uf der Kaiser sitzt, Jhe would Der Tisch ist marmelsteinern, worauf sein Haupt er stiitzt Bend them of carded sun, they Sein Bart ist nicht von Flachse, er ist von Feuersgluth, a to ripen, Ist durch den Tisch gewachsen, worauf sein Kinn ausruht. ihe would )ottle-bel- Er nickt ala wie im Traume, sein Aug' halb oflFen zwinkt , woe be- Und je nach langem Raume er einem Knaben winkt. anitou or uinn. fmd Er spricht im Schlaf zum Knaben, Geh' hin vors Schlosz, o Zwetg, itionsup- Llnd sieh ob noch die Raben herfliegen um den Berg. Un wenn die alten Raben noch fliegen immerdar, So rniiH!/. ich 9i}ch noch schlafen verzaubert hundert Jahr. 9m : Gage's Classical MM Exaitf. VIRGIL'S iENEID, BOOK V. 1-36L -IS^^^,re&ffi^^^^ B.A.. PrlnCp... S. CoNTKNTH—Introduction Summary of Synonymes, NotoH, CoUection of Index of Proper NaraeH, MiBcellany! nation E^m°*"nii. Papers, and a complete Vocabulary. . NOTICES upcrior to nil others. Aftera careful examination of ieveral effltJniw n# ».« the "*' **." NotcB neat and scholarly. The chantpr nf Mi!^ n 'T,'^"*". of Synoiiymefl make this work siii^Hnr/nL^ collection tak.^le.^ure theo in recoZendSTwork""'""'"» U^^^^^^^ * *«" "Wch will commend it- solf to all who examine it. 8. W. PuKRT. M. A., aasslcal Matter. Strathroy H. S. The nioMii complete edition. DavidH^h, "~~" D.A.. II.M'II.S.rNewburffh. Viall nsf his cdltloD. think Wetherell'i \ notes on the fifth Book of Vii^i »«.». _...* ut . School Hl^rh pupil, and sUll use his^iK with L^cl^^ Th^V*/"'^'"lex of Proper Names, Taale of Synonymes 01o8«iri^nf vi"-. ^^« Literary Critioues ChronologiW and BioSSi^l v*f^-''f ' ^•^l'"'' Examination Questions, 4c., make it «) c"mDle?I f„ jf^^wTrfII^ student will need nothing *" ,*^^* *^^ bit a Utin urammarGmi^Z?toli„.lto acquire knowledge of the subject. an intimate J. A. bLAKKM, M, A.. B.SO.. H.1I.H.8.. SmUb; Falls. Well Kot np« Wetherell's Virgil geem* very well got ud and li a irr^mt *- ^ *^'*** additionmAam^^ « Canadian Educational Literature. to W. H. T. SiiKLLKB. B.A., H.M.H.S.. Gananoque. Focabiilnry go ad. N«*« . -J!LUo"S^'o?':2:idVc!;?tiS"""' " '^' "- ~nci.e. «id Jno. J. Maori, M.A., Head Master, Uxbridge H B. w. J. GAoc: & c«>raPAivv. «duc««oii«i Pu6ii«fier«. Torojtto and Winniptg. (OTIB. I tiqu.ri.n "««'"» '^aching, Sr^g.'^« or"coSi»'S»«<»iive phlLT'"'«' •"'* • I'JiiloJogy and An- "J' "^e promoter. «uat,y.*~ 0/ this Series "^ omUvou™ to ™uu«rMud« u'' it a credit to our 1 Cicero, Cato-MajoJ^! ~ Cicero, Pro Archil! n. Authors 0/ Ro- I NoTM—ciear ..nH , ~- Homer's Iliad. "" By Samuel Woods M a m . i 9Kiotka. m. (Sage J. * Coe. |lfU, (gburational ®ork». WORKS FOR TEACHERS ANDmn)ENTS. ^'jyJn, DY JAS. L. HUoi^ the l.t. ni»l iketch of erature, and % oiogy and ^„. Mistakes in *>»*< personal Teaching. ByJA».LAioiiu.yII.M,„M. 10 eridoavouri Second edition. Pric««fV^ cieiiit to *oo„Ko Br „.„ „.v.H.rr our o;j^. .k ..«„.„ w^T.^^^a^^ coistr/i;, *»- -'-take, j,T5^-/.-r.;r^^^^^^^^ ?; >r of ClMiloa be ''*'"'"" '"'-•thode or preventing thuir hilfhorHUCce^. ^ habite uiay Tlie mistakes are armnjfed under the following head« • Tebouiy. irow to Secure and Retain By Attention. 2. Chrono- .... L.non.. Hcu„«. dors of Ro. "J^^^'^g ^^^^^ numeroui aly of *. Manual of Drill and Calisthenics for use Schools. m ScZl: k: ^"-P-*-. -r-onto. Oradu^ato^f MUOa^ • Pelhom T^'i;:^^'^ Y College, looL immmmm »8' Lfttin 8, M.A., BOOKS FOR TEACHE^;^^^^^^^^^-^;;;^^ nyTj^f'"'' ^^P^^^ ^" Arithmetic. Thomas KinKLirM.' ^ fce^nee «"*- "«> m'J^XZS S&%'''^''t i secant. cornpIeteEdition,^;^^ . p^,^,^^^ ^^P"'" ^" Arithmetic-Part ^^^BybTjTm?"J. A. MCLK..... I M. A.. LL. D.. and Thos. Kr.K..... m. A. pupils preparinjr for admission to HrghSchU'^'*'''" ^°' ^'^^ "'^ °' ^^ ""inlrUhmltTc^^'^'^^^ ^^Pe- ^-^ '^"•' Fourth • ": «"^«--- "• ^ i^tfof '''•J'- ?"• "'''''''''' ^'^^'^ ^'^'^^^l^. Third Edition. - .' Ontorio. ^^''*^- Authorized for use In ^^ tie Schools of Nova'scotia. McLellan's MT^^i^TX^^^i^etic-.^Part II '""^'^' ThirdEdiC'^'^'*^' •'"'^ «*^^ ^''^-^ ^'"'^ents. P"ce, 45 Cents. ,' ^^--^L_ TheT^u Teacher's^ Hand Took of Algebra, i second complete ""' ^"^1 ""', Edition?"""' f ' Teacher's HanTB^^iT^rXlgebra.-'-ParT • ^r'*'^'°;">«"«'<''^"terzncdiate students. Price. '— v^ \ ' ^ 1__ " "^S Cer-s. Key to Teacher's Hand Second Book of •^'geora.Al^ehro Edition, . , Price, $1.60. J. Olage & QLoz. |leh) (gbitcatioual SHorke. HAMBLIN SMITH'S MATHEMATICAL WORKS. Atithorized for uSc, and now used in nearly all the principal Schools of Ontario, (Quebec, Nova Scotia and Manitoba. Hamblin Smith's Arithmetic. An Advanced treatise, on the Unitary System, hy J. Hambi.in Smith, M. A., of Gonville and Cains Colleges, and late lecturer of St. Peter's Col- lege, Cambridge. Adapted to Canadian Schools, by Thomas Kirkland, M. A., Science Master, Normal School, Toronto, and William Scott, B. A., Head Master Model School for Ontario. 12th Edition, Price, 75 Cents. KK Y.—A complete Key to the abova Arithmetic, by the Autljors. Price, $2.00. Hamblin Smith's Algebra. An Elementary Algebra, by J. IIamhlix Smith, M. A., with Appendix by Alfred Baker, B. A., Mathematical Tutor, University College, Toronto. 8th Edition ' Price, 90 Cents. KEY.—A complete Key to Hamblin Smith's Algebra. Price, * $2.75. Hamblin Smith's Elements of Geometry. Containing Books I. to VI., and portions of Books XI. and XII.,of Euclid, with Exercises and^Notes, by J. Hamblin Smith, M. A., &c., and Examina- tion Papers, from the Toronto and McGill Universities, and Normal School, Toronto. Price, 00 Cents. Hamblin Smith's Geometry Books, i and 2. Price, SO Cents. Hamblin Smith's Statics. By J. Hamblin Smith, M. A., vith Appendix by Thomas Kirkland, M. A., Science Master, Normal School, Toronto. Price, 00 Cents. Hamblin Smith's Hydrostatics. 75 Cents. KEY.—statics and Hylrostatics, in one volume. $2.00. Hamblin Smith's Trigonometry. $1.25. KEY.—To the above. $2.60. ^:^;m^_^o^Xcta ehxcixtionni mik^ MASON'S O^ADIjI:^^^-^^^;^^^^^^^;^^^^^ I Mason's Outlines of English Grammar, ^'^' t'le use of junior classes. PJ.JJJQ "" ""''• MasU Shorter EnlHTh Grammar. °'''"°"' °°'' ""'"'" Price, ''""•»' "•'°-i»«. 2« !««-. ,, ', . 80 Cents. Mason's Advanced Grammar English Grammar Practice "Shorter En,H.s,. ^r^^SZ^!^^!^^^^^^ j lessons in •,' *^^ ^"^^ arranged such a mannov i= fti k . , in Droirn-sxivo English GrarnnLSl,^ tl'^e tStv%aiv^t''""V"^"«^^^^^^^^ ' tnghs^h work to the most difficult'Sm^^^^ -»Pi-t ^ '. ' SO Cents. English Tw "J^^ ?^ Grammar. definKrd^a'Sol^fllJSe^^ t form by means of carefn, practice. S^/^*"^ '^'"^ The • ^'^"«d iearner i.s ma lo examples for most a«,minifi important of the olde^^ornTsI) '"^"••«' ^'th the are constructcfl, ffi ;h"wm and with the element "of whin ' ^^ '^*^J" *^"<^h ^-^r-ls up. Analysis is treated so far as h,*^.'!' '"^^''r", K"ff««h i^ niad. tences tL irfve of ain construction "^' ^"'' «^"- p and m^'e dlflcu'J?r £ English Grammar thf a mraVvSeta?;^^ --" greater fulness, and carried The work to M therequirenicntso Co,S contains ample materials standard of the Matriculatfon'E*amfnattonny^h°'T? '^'"'^J'^ ""^ '«»«* the The Shorter EnglisrSmm^r '"'"""'^"^ S>^l'fot ES&udie?\''uTth^^ " ''"^'*'^ ^'-""* 0' «™e at thei^dis- been the °^ ^"^hools only English Grammar ,!lL^V^'^T'''' in which it has v J. (gage & (Eo's |lcto (Elinfational SEorko. NEW BOOKS BY DR. McLELLAN. The Teacher's Handbook of Algebra. m^SXoS^^- ^' '• ^- ''''''''''' ^- ^- ^^- ">'" ^"^'^to' oi ^^°^' $1.25 28. Teacher's Hand QO Cents. Book of Algebra.— Part i. Price, ^--^ . '• P Mason, 75 Cents. ilarged and Key to iston. M.A., Teacner's Hand Book. Prlce,$1.50, 75 Cents. Exercises, including about 2nd me the JLT'^'''"'^ P'<":,r'500 three hundred and Pff sowed examples, .liustratmg every type of The chap. .Question set fn e"ementao A^S 3 place thf ladian -ub wi;f.^Si^S^;;;;!lSS^Sr*^ M«,tip,icatio„and Division. *'' p^'^'p"'^ ou" rsSaih'cSL?;;]it:""'" °' °' ^>'""-*'^-- -'»»» ««-«. It contains a more complete «r English ilhji=f»-'i'-,n of th^ fiior.-,. «» ^:..' ... . oeautifu. a.,plications. ^'t** ^^^ arogrustiive th'an is t! befc^rd ill'fy S^^^^^^^ xt book of It contains what aolu mathei; ati;U teachers have pronounced'""°""™'' to hn thm le "finest chapter *° °e the simplest on factor! i;- tl at li w ever appeared " "" '^"^ """^'^°''^°' ''•*^^^'"«"* Cents. MLVers"S''rnalysir* "^ ff-<^» ^^y the jreat It contains the finest selections of nroixiriv classifipd onnnf :-,„. . .j^u methods of resolution and reduction, that hl^y^ aJSml. ' ^ of careful It conUins a set of practice j^iwrs made up by selcctinc the heif of fhn imples for questio!is set by the University of Toronto during twenty years , with the It is a key of the methods, a repertory of exercises, which ieh words juak^e the cannot fai! to te«:her a bet:. . teacher, and the student 1 is ninda a^norft^ugh aU° witli seij. ''''''''' "°™ '''' '^'^'"" ''»"^°""<^« anKit'ed slates^" 5" ««** Britain of'^ Canadian Teacher sarried to h/.lJi!lV^*'^^ ^T'' and Inspector, whose name ia ''''•'?,'"^ the bounds materials of his native l5^vince, for his Hon^?r^^^J"r''" po'»oting eLr least the that admirable system of public tion,t on whichvWh hash„T'"rplaced'''f instntc he Dominion of Canada so high, as xidon. t.on not only among regards ediV™ the British Colonies, but nnmti" the civmzed naHnna of the world. We know ^ of • no work in tin's cou. tn t Int cxaoHv „nn.V the place of Dr. MoLellan's, which is not fchei* dis- .e.d "ftki book of i'lS'Tn the ordinary sense, but a Manual of Metho-is h it has for Tethers ilk strSfthe '''"" *'^'*'"'"* '^''^^^^-'^^-^ mstered, ever/ktnd!"'* °' ProblSWd soffiions of on. Barnes' Edicational M-Pfc-iw..* A . .. r*^"*' MoNrntv N T The best American Algeb ra > for Teachers that wc Have evir elkminld." — '^, THE BEST ELEMEXTARY^^^^^^^^T^^ Gage's Practical Speller "" *''''''^''''' ""'^ ^i'ELLlSG AND Price. DICTATION. SO Cents. Sixty copies —"^ ordered. „ , After '*''"' ^""'^^^ Advocatb, careful it.suect on ur« nn»,„o> . , in. boo. ever ^^"• .. u.e 'C::;:;^;:^^'^^^:^:: z:r ""P'"^''^'^" °» '^'^ '"en.ory frequent re icwod moult w^rr by the selection '"" ^"°'''^>*''" of on,, «„:!? :::;*rdra?a;e"; Z.;'';:;; of"'"'' Mr Reid H. S. Master ' ""• heartily reeonf S the J1^::;" sixty ordered copies. It ' "* TT is a book tliat shnnM »>» . some °" '^'"^ '"^""-'^^ well as in the school room. ' '"^"'^ table as Is a necessity. ° \ i ^ We have already ^^''^•"'««' Haupax. had repeated oc«..,inn f Ti tional Series o. which thls^t'oT'Tl ^' ^^'^ ''"^"^ «sX .fa' - '-' "'''- ^rnr" - - -..o„dr:^J:r:i?;rr^h•e ::: ° Good print. Whatitis. °— " It is a spiies Stratiiroy of ffraded loMona n«r,* • • ., Aob. / the wonfe in With abbreviations, e^ viz," 11?'"^ ^enem, use ' ing acollectio„o;the:ost1if«rrS^^^^ of Utemry selections """^ " """"^^^ whicL may be used^r di.t^n T^"' ^"°" '"''''"^> ted io uiemory by the pupHs. "'"^ comnuf Every teacb er shou Id introduce~lt n It is an Improxen.ent on '''"'?'' '^^^™««an-. the old spellin..' honfc ^ *^ ^''^'^ introduce it into his classes ^" ^^"^^^^ should The ° best jret seen. — n It is away ^ux, Nova Scotta. ahea- of any"snel'er"th,.f «.. . ^"'^J'"""'^ "** ''"^''"'tion we have before us is the yet seen. , b«st Authorized for use in the~Sphoois of Ontario. The Epoch Primer of English History. By Rev. M. Creioiito.v, M. A., Late Fellow and Tutor of Morton Colleco Oxford. •• • Sixth Edition. - • _• ^ PHop 30 Cents. Most thorough. ABERDEKX JOIRNAL. This volume, taken with the eight small volumes containing the ac- counts of the diflcrcnt epochs, presents what may be regarded as the most thorough course of elementary English History ever published. What ° was needed. Toronto Da.lt Globb. It 13 just such a manual as is needed by public school pupils who are going up for a High School course. ° Used in separate schools. m. Stafford Pribst W e are using this History in our ^^ Convent and Seimrkte SchooU; in Und- ° Very concise. Hamilton Times. I A very concise little book that ' should be used in the Schools. In its pages will be found incidents of English ' History from A. D. 43 to 1870. in* teresting alike to young and old. The book will prove a favorite with teachers preparing pupils for the entrance exauiinations to the High Schools. Very ° attractive. British Wmo, Kingston. This little book, of one hundred and forty i,age8, presents history in a very attractive shajie. Wisely ° arranged. Can«d^ Presbttbrian. The epochs chosen for the division of English History are well marked -not mere artificial milestones, arbitrarily erected by the author, but rea. natural landmarks, consisting of great and important events or remarkable changes. Interesting:. Yarmoiti! Tribunb, Nova Scotia. With a perfect freedom from all looseness of style the interest is so well sustained throughout tlie narrative that those who commence to read it will fino it difficult tc Jeave off ~~with its perusal incomplete. Comprehensive. literary World. The special value of this historical outline is that it gives the reader a comprehensive view of the course of memorable events and epochs, Revised Ed. Miller's Language Lessons. Nearly two hundred thousand have been «oW u,ifKs„ *i, i ^ - Miller's Swinton's is *''° '*8* 'o"' years, authorized bvthfiiSi^,*-^***A"^^y the Education the Schools of Ontario. Department foruw in I^ition prepared as an WK ^.^ Introductory"""^''^"y ^okBook totn Moa„«.- « both having tlie same Definitionr Mason's Grammar, A THonoUGH EXAMINATION OIVEK. A^ocia- tP:*K ^oSrnL*;1tfatoTo?r^^^^ T^-^^"" Association, appointing the "KdeXnld a fw^f/^^^'*'™'^.""*^'to spective merits of different SWmrnnm.SJ^l*^"' consider there, most suitable one * the for Public SchCls w^ w iSv^Vn "'T JV l"«^K«8t ly comparing the *** "'P"'^' ."'"t, after ful- various editions thatlhJL„fi^have been that "Minor's ^witiV^rT'o r recommended, we belie va It was moved ^P*^*'^ «''*»°"J' and ''Seconded^°°°"<*^ **>**tw fh.?" °\^il?'" Carried unanimoriy. *»»« report bo received and adopted— To avoid mistakes, ask for Miller's Swintwra. Mason's Outlines of English Grammar. AUrnORIZBD FOR USB IN SCHOOLS. P ^'^ 0-fveX«e -'i- d^r^ ^^ SSSixth V-'^?"EngUsh. and fourth Csmadlan Edltlor price 46 eta. ^ ^'^'"' M? n ®i?«''^ Toronto. ementary and much n^d^d work rS'J^rf'^fr'^ f"^^ *««"«* » ™ow «»' The text ^"*^ ?"8^"^'» Onunmar." of this work Ksrantlnv fht^c "J in both matter that of the lai^er trcat««e and form osStlhl? fh„ f""^ f are either omitted or *" "°*^ " *•»• '»**" v^g '^^j^ i^Txteng" M -, § I « . >