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PARTICIPANTS THOMAS J. BOUCHARD, JR. Psychology PARTICIPANTS THOMAS J. BOUCHARD, JR. WERNER R. LOEWENSTEIN Psychology Department Department of Physiology and University of Minnesota Biophysics Minneapolis, MN University of Miami Miami, FL J. DONALD CAPRA Health Science Center CHARLES B. METZ University of Texas Institute for Molecular and Dallas, TX Cellular Evolution University of Miami KLAUS DOSE Coral Gables, FL Institute for Biochemistry Johannes Gutenberg University ALBERTO MONROY Mainz, Germany Stazione Zoologica Napoli, Italy SIDNEY W. FOX Institute for Molecular and WILLIAM J. RUTTER Cellular Evolution Department of Biochemistry and University of Miami Biophysics Coral Gables, FL University of California San Francisco, CA GARRETT HARDIN Department of Biological HENRY KING STANFORD Sciences Office of President Emeritus University of California University of Miami Santa Barbara, CA Americus, GA DANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR. ETHEL TOBACH Department of Biochemistry Department of Animal Behavior University of California American Museum of Natural Berkeley, CA History New York, NY 217 INDEX Activities, catalytic, in Antigens. artificial. 131 proteinoids, 43 Aspartate receptor. 11 Aggregates, material, 207 Asynchrony. 124 Altruism and programmed Attractant concentration. increase randomness, 15 as stimulant. 3 Amino acids Attraction. programmed. 23 association Autoantigens. 86 nonrandom, 55 random, 55 Bacteria. memory in, 3 from bioelements, 36 Bacteria short responders, 7 from carbonaceous Bacterial sensing system. 10 chondrites, 36 and galactose. 10 D, 52 receptors. 10 ~nergy content, 52 and ribose. 10 L, 52 ribose receptor molecules. 10 ~s precursors, 59 Bacterial lengths distribution. 7 proteinous in extraterrestrial Bacterial variation studies. 5 sources, 58 Bacterium self-ordering, 54 behavior pattern, 2 from various sources, 36 comparison with neuron, 23 due to zwitterion character, 36 extrapolation to humans. 2 Anorexia nervosa Behavior environment and, 24 and EEGs. 181 genetic predisposition, 24 produced by hereditary Antibodies deficiencies. 16 diversity, 66, 128 Behavior. programmed. and free Ehrlich's theory, 130 will. 27 individuality, 127 Behavior, sensing, 3 synthesis, 127 Behavioral manipulation. signifi­ Antibody diversity, 66 cance of. 153 clonal selection theory, 132 Behavioral science. preference for due to combinatorials, 139, 143 environmental explana­ mutation, 142 tions, 148 from mRNA. 131 Behavioral traits, role of hered­ somatic hypothesis, 131 ity. summary. 174 template theory, 131 Bioelements. 34 Antibody molecules. 73 common. 33 amino acids from. 36 219 220 INDEX Burt, Cyril Chromosomal configuration, 63 study shown fraudulent, 159 Chromosomal conformations in by Kamin, 159 various cells, 66 Chromosome diminution, 93 Calcium ion, restriction of move­ Cleavage plan, shift of, 99 ment, 22 Cleavage stages of Ascaris, 94 Carboxymethyl transferase and Clonal selection theory, 133 plasmid, 12 since 1960, 133 Catalytic properties in protei­ Cloned genes and copy numbers, 11 noids, 44, 45 Combinatorial and junctional retained in micro spheres , 46 diversity, 141 Cyclic AMP, 81 Communication, cellular via Cytoplasmic rearrangements, 107 molecules, 78 Cell cycle, phase of, 7 Communication, intercellular, 78 Cell division clock, 105 Compaction, genetic control, 115 Cell division cycle and individu­ ality, 7 Darwin, 112 Cell migration, 85 Determinism, 56 Cells, damaged behavioral, 197 Ca* as controlling agent, 80 biological, 196 and uncoupling, 80 "daisy-chain", 196 Cells interdependence, 78 in disequilibrium, 213 Cells, short-lived, 86 in early evolution, 203 Ca* effect, 86 in equilibrium, 211 Cell-cell communication, 83 and freedom, 211 Cell-cell interactions, 91 genetic, 26, 57, 196 Cell-cell molecules, 79 internal nature, 204, 212 Cell-like structures by assembly molecular, 26, 195, 196 of proteinoids, 44 nonrandomness and, 198 Cellular communication, 81 and number of molecules, 14 and individuality, 83 and Poissonian distribution, 14 Cellular self-protection, 85 and Poissonism, 24 Central dogma Determinism, absolute, and large and origin of code, 187 number of molecules, 183 and origin of life, 187 Deterministic processes, 188, 195 Chance and heredity, 25 embryonic development, 80 Channel closure, cellular, 85 Direction, due to attractants and Channel formation regulation, 81 repellants, 2 Channel selectivity, 81 Divergences, cause of, 183 Chaos and Poissonian distribu­ Diversity tion, 22 due to additions and deletions Characteristics of nucleotide residues, 62 and environment, 1 amino acid composition, 128 and heredity, 1 antibodies, 128 Chemical evolution, 34 in neural tissue, 145 Chemotaxis, 4, 6 related to DNA, 129 to study heredity, environment, Division-counting mechanisms in chance, 4, 10 cells, 91, 123, 125 Chicken-egg question, 186 DNA Chirality, prebiotic, 52 cellular uptake of exogenous, 62 INDEX 221 a dynamic interactive structure, Gap junctions, 84 62 Gene conversion, 74, 144 information, 134 Gene expression sequence analysis, 138 variability, 66 as ultimate basis for antibody selective, 66 diversity, 129 Gene families and specificity, 138 Down's Syndrome (Mongolism), 67 Genes, jumping, 62 as mobile genetic elements, 62 EEGs incompletely understood, 62 and behavior, 181 Genetic burden, 64 and stochastic processes, 182 Genetic code, emergence, 185 Ehrlich's theory, 130 Genetic codes, number of, 54 Elements, fitness, 53 Genetic elements, mobile, 74 Embryo, implantation of, 112 Genetic mechanisms in twins, 150 Enhancer, 67 Genome, interaction with cyto- Ensemble plasmic factors, 117 invariant statistical, 210 Germ cells, segregation, 96 stochastic, 210 Germ and soma, 92, 93 Entropic extraction, as life's Germline essence, 77 definition, 135 Environment, heredity, and hypothesis, 130 chance, 13 Environmentality, 149 Hen-egg question, 39 and family influences, 150 Heredity and chance, 25 Evolution Higher species, application of Darwinian, 39 bacteria to, 16 genetic, 39 Hormone level, 69 molecular, 39 Hormones, developmental, 68 neutral, 26 Hot spots, in chromosomes, 63 proto-Darwinian, 39 Human behavior, genetic factors Evolutionary novelties and in, 179 external agents, 211 Human diversity in twin Evolutionary processes, quantum studies, 147 mechanics of, 208, 209 Hypervariability, selection for, Expression, regulation of 74 by DNA sequence, 67 Hypervariable region in insulin by modulation of rates, 68 gene, 74 by several classes of Hypervariable regions in proteins, 67 chromosome, 63, 64 Extrons, 65 Eye lens composition, 53 Immunoglobulin molecule, speci­ ficity region, 73 Family environmental effect, Immunoglobulins 5 percent, 173 encoding of chains, 128 Family environmental influences, heavy chains, 128 minor role, 175 light chains, 128 Flavins by heating amino acids, 43 Identical twins, posture and Freedom, 211 expression, 161 Individual, 1 Galton, 147 susceptibility to disease, 1 222 INDEX Individuality, 1 circumscription and from amino acid polymers, 39 autonomy, 77 from amino acid sequence, 41 and connectivity, 77 of antibodies, 127 and genetic uniqueness, 78 and asynchrony, 7 Individuals in bacteria and humans, 2 aggregated, 89 cellular, intracellular macro- endogenous constraint for molecules and supramolec­ emergence of, 213 ular structures, 81 number of cells, 21 at cellular level, 48, 49 and statistical fluctuations, 17 chromosomal selection, 70 Information dampened by cell connections, biological flow, 38 86 in card combinations, 41 at early molecular stage, 185 definition, 203 and environmental signals, 17 endogenous, 204 and fractionated proteinoids, exogenous, 204 189 with origin and evolution of not a function of cell cycle, 8 biomolecules, 203 genetic, 61 in proteinoids, 41 and genetic components, 17 protogenetic, 47 and hereditary changes, 13 Initial conditions, 203 and hormone levels, 69 Instructionist theories for anti­ in human beings, 1 body synthesis, 131 based on immunoglobulins, 133 Intelligence and information, 41 attacks on concepts of heredity in each member of twin pair, 175 of, 165 at molecular level, 3 genetic influence, 174 multiple bases, 69 heritability, 163 nutritional status and experi­ Intercellular communication, 78 ences, 70 Interstellar matter composition, 52 due to position in cell cycle, Intracellular gradients and 7 energized transport, 80 and programmed randomization, Introns, 65 14 IQ, amount of schooling a reflec­ at protocellular level, 33, 48, tion of, 151 49 regulatory molecules, rate of Kornberg, 51, 52 synthesis, 70 repulsion and attraction in, Laws 23, 25 evolutionary, 210 due to self-limiting forces, 186 statistical, 210 'somatic mutations, 70 synchronic, 210 as summation of genetic Life, emergence and evolution, 186 defects, 64 Lunar "fines", 58, 59 and unfortunate conformation of Lymphocytes, 127 genes, 17 in Western civilization, 180 Matter Individuality, cell internal freedom, 203 and cellular communication, 83 constraints, 203 at cellular level, 77 Material flow, continuity, 210, 212 INDEX 223 Membrane, local differences, 22 Nonrandom polymers, 39, 41 Membrane vesicles for cellular of amino acids, 39, 41, 42 signaling, 78 contrast to polynucleotides, 39 Meteorites, 58, 59 Nonrandomness, central relevance a-Methylaspartate as attractant, of, 186 7 Novae, 33 Micromeres Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, 123 as pacemakers, 124 Nucleic acids segregation 98, 103, 105, 123 origin, 47 Microspheres, semipermeable replicated by many enzymes, 51 envelopes, 44 Nucleocytoplasmic interactions, Migration control by bacteria, 2 differential, 97 Mindful Brain, 145 Nucleotides not produced in Minnesota study
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