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Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 38(1), pp. 77-82, 2006. Ali and Ripley ( Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan , vol. 19, Oxford University NON-SONG BIRDS OF VALLEY Press, New Delhi, 1968-1974) have been followed SWAT: PAKISTAN for birds identification. However, help has also been taken from Roberts ( Compact handbook of The Abstract.- The checklist includes 38 non- birds of Pakistan , vol. 1, and 2) for distribution, song birds (Non-passeriformies) of the valley migration and status especially about the high Swat along with their key characters, status, specific locality, English and vernacular names. attitude birds unapproachable for us. Foraging, roosting, breeding, plumage and This work will help in reviewing the existing migratory characters are also being considered. database regarding birds of the valley Swat.

Key words: Non-song birds, checklist, Swat. ENUMERATION OF THE BIRDS

Valley Swat is situated in the North of Pakistan, 150 km away from Peshawar. It is 1. Alcedo atthis Linnaeus bounded on the west by the Malakand Agency and Small blue Kingfisher (E.*), Kir-keray, Mahi- District Dir, on the north by the District Chitral and khurak (Ver.**) Gilgit, on the east by Kohistan of the Northern areas A small graceful kingfisher with a large head, and District Mansehra and on the south by the short neck and stout bill. The bill is black, District Buner. Climate of the valley is moderate, straight and pointed like a dagger. Often January is the coldest month and June is the hottest. hover over open water and then suddenly Summer season temperature seldom rises 37°C . The dives when sees its prey (fish). Common on annual rainfall ranges between 81-88 cm. River the banks of the River Swat and its Swat is the main source of irrigation and it flows tributaries. along the length of the valley. The valley has rich fields of rice, maize and wheat. Orchards of apricot, 2. Alectorus chukar J.E.Gray peaches, apples, oranges and walnut common Chukar or Rock Partridge (E.), Zarka (Ver.) throughout the valley, provides suitable feeding, Common rounded looking game bird with breeding and nesting habitat to the indigenous and vermillion legs and orange red bill. Brown in migratory birds. colour. Inhabits bare stony and dry hillsides Valley Swat is famous for floristically rich and agricultural fields. Common in lower mountains. Although deforestation has caused great altitudes (2,100 metres) of the valley from harm to the forests, but still it provides an ideal winter till late spring, foraging on insects 'and habitat for high altitude migratory and local birds. seeds. Broad leafed and conifer forests are common on the mountains. Among conifers Cedrus deodara, Pinus 3. Ammoperdix griseogularis J.F .Brandt See vallichii, Picea smithiana, Pinus roxburghii and Partridge (E.), Seesay (Ver.) Pinus gerardiana are common (Stewart, Pakistan J. A small sized game bird, like small chukar in Forest ., 4: 457-528, 1967; Beg, Wildlife habitats of appearance. Buff in color with yellow legs Pakistan, Bull. No . 5, Pakistan Forest Institute, and orange bill. The iris is bright yellow. Peshawar, 1975). Foraging on buds, green shoots and leaves, Brief description and trivial names of the berries and insects. Common in late spring birds have been included for the benefit of the and summer in the valley in lower altitudes amateurs as well as professionals. The first part of (2,000 metres) in agricultural fields in areas this work has already been published (Muhammad like Shamozai and Bunair. et al ., Sci. Khyb ., 9: 93-102, 1996). ______0030-9923/2006/0001-0077 $ 8.00/0 (*E. = English name **Ver.= Vernacular name) Copyright 2006 Zoological Society of Pakistan. 78 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

4. Apus apus Linnaeus 8. Ardeola grayii Sykes Common Swift (E.), Gharaez Tothakarkay Pond Heron (E.), Bugla (Ver.) (Ver.) Small in size than night heron. Forages both It is with pale brown body coloration and day and night. Neck is short and bill is comparatively larger in body size than other powerful, dark yellow and horny at the tip. species. Plumage is pale brown. Gregarious Legs are olive green. The iris is bright golden in nesting and foraging. According to Roberts yellow. The down cheeks are whitish. (1991) it can travel 160 km even in stormy Feeding upon fish, crabs, molluscs, insects weather and can sleep in the air. Commonly and tadpoles. Summer visitor to the valley found in Kalam area upto Mankial on one and resides on the banks of River Swat and its side and Ushu on the other side. tributaries. Status: common in summer.

9. Cacomantis passerinus Vahl 5. Apus melba Linnaeus Grey-bellied Plaintive Cuckoo (E.), Koyal Alpine Swift (E.), Zangalee Tothakarkay (Ver.) (Ver.) It is a small gray-bellied cuckoo with a long Larger in size than common swift. The wings tail and slimy body. The iris is brown and the are long narrow, dark brown and pointed on legs and feet are brownish yellow. During the upper side. Gregarious in foraging, flight a small white patch is conspicuous on nesting and roosting. Forages on insects in the under surface of the wing. Secretive bird, the air. Found commonly in Marghuzar and call in early night and evening. Forage mainly Saidu Sharif areas. on insects including caterpillars. Confined only to the side areas of Shangla Pass, the hill pass near Khwaza Kheila. Status: Not 6. Apus affinis J.E. Gray common. House Swift or little Swift (E.), Tothakarkayor Tothakaray (Ver.) 10. Ceryle rudis Linnaeus The smallest in all the swift species with Pied Kingfisher (E.), Kir-kiray (Ver.) dorsally black body and forked tail. Ventrally A small kingfisher with a large head and the body is creamy white. Sexes are alike. short neck. The bill is black long, sharp, Summer migrant. Gregarious in foraging, pointed and slightly down curved. The legs nesting and roosting. Forages upon insects in are small weak and greenish gray. It perches the air including honeybees. Mostly nests in near water to watch prey (fish). If it sees a cracks and holes in the walls and roofs of the fish it at once goes into a vertical dive with buildings. Status common during spring and wings closed. Exclusively forages on fish. summer. Breeds in late spring. Occurs along River Swat unto Bahrain. Status: not common.

7. Aquila chrysaetos Linnaeus 11. Columba livia Gmelin Golden Eagle (E.), Tapus (Ver.) Rock Dove, Blue Rock Pigeon (E.), Dark brown or blackish in plumage. Bigger in Bughdaday Koontara or Koontara (Ver.). size than the other eagles found in Pakistan Inhabits low rocky mountains. It is thought to with longer tail and wings. Females are larger be ancestor of most of the domesticated in size than males. Often solitary soaring high pigeons. Mostly living in hills but flies to overhead searching ground. Bird of prey. agricultural fields for foraging. Gregarious Occurs in higher altitudes, feeding upon and occurs in flocks while roosting and hares, pigeons, snow cocks, chickens etc. foraging. Voracious in feeding habit, forages Status: not common. on seeds. Common throughout the valley.

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12. Coracias garrulus Linnaeus common habitat with gray partridge in lower Kashmir Roller (E.), Sheen Tagh (Ver.) altitudes. Foraging on seeds, young buds, Stout, graceful bird with a large head, short shoots and insects. Status: common. neck and a powerful curved bill. Blue, pale yellow and brick red feathers form the body 17. Francolinus pondicerianus Gmelin plumage. Sexes are alike. It is a summer Grey Partridge (E.), Tanzaray (Ver.) breeder visitor to the vale. Breeds in the Most abundant and favorite game bird. holes, earth cliffs and tree trunks. Common Brown in colour with a short thick tail, long during late spring and early summer. thin neck with upright carriage while running on the ground. Occurring in the lower open, 13. Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus dry, rocky and bushy areas throughout the Common Quail or Grey Quail (E.), Maraz valley. Common in occurrence in Bunir and (Ver.) Shamozai areas. Small gray brownish rounded game bird with a short tail. It is a game bird and is 18. Glaucidium brodiei Burton domesticated by locals for fighting Collard Pigmy Owlet (E.), Goungay (Ver.) competitions. Migratory bird common in The smallest owl with large head and grey autumn, spring and summer. Occurring in brown body plumage. Head is large for the lower altitudes throughout the valley. Status: size of the body. The legs are densely covered common. with white feathers. Active by late afternoon, can even be seen during day. Forages and 14. Dendrocopus himalayansis Jardine and Selby roosts solitary. Status: rare. Himalayan Pied Wood Peeker (E.), Thurkan (Ver.) 19. Halcyon smyrnensis Linnaeus Found in low and higher elevations of the White-throated Kingfisher (E.), Kir-kiray, valley, foraging on insects and their larvae, Mahi-khurak (Ver.) ants, wood boring beetles and their larvae on Small king fisher with a large bill. Head is the main tree trunk and branches. In males the chocolate or maroon brown in color, the body crown is red but in females it is black. Limbs is with a white patch from the base of the are greenish gray and irises are red brown. lower mandible down to the center of the Breeds in holes in the main tree trunk under a breast. The bill and legs are dull dark red in lateral branch. Status: not common. colour. It occurs along the sides of River Swat and its tributaries from lower Swat till 15. Elanus caeruleus Desfontaines Madyan in upper Swat. Often sits on trees Black-winged or black shouldered Kite (E), and bushes in search of prey near water from Baakha (Ver.) where it dives down at an angle to catch the A small bird of prey with black wings and prey, forages on insects, grasshoppers, crabs, white throat. The iris is large red. The bill is crickets etc. Pashtu name is because of its black. Summer visitor, is also used as bait for voice kir-kir-kir. Status: rare. capturing falcons. Feeds on diurnal rodents and reptiles and also insects like grasshoppers 20. Hieraaetus pennatus Gmelin and locusts. Status: common. Booted Eagle (E.), Batoor (Ver.) Bird of prey, presence of small whitish 16. Francolinus francolinus Linnaeus patches at the base of each wing visible on Black Partridge (E.), Taroo (Ver.) the dorsal surface is a diagnostic feature. It is a comparatively large partridge. Blackish Scarce bird, occurring in high altitudes. in colour with white margins, widely known Competing with golden eagle for almost the for its call Subhan Tairi Qudrat. Sharing same prey. Status: rare. 80 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

21. Hierococcyx varius Vahl 25. Nycticorax nycticorax Linnaeus Common Hawk Cuckoo (E.), head fever bird, Night Heron (E.), Bugla (Ver.) Koyal (Ver.) Nocturnal in feeding activity. It has a large Hawk looking migratory bird, familiar for its head, short neck, stout bill and large eyes. sweet calls. Spring and summer visitor, The large eyes are an adaptation to nocturnal occurring in lower altitudes. Never builds its feeding activity. Bill is black while legs are own nest and prefers to lay eggs in the nest pinkish green or yellowish. Gregarious in prepared by other birds. Foraging upon a roosting, roost by day in large chinar trees or variety of insects. Status: rare. other tress on the bank of River Swat. When dusk they become active for hunting. Found along the banks of River Swat unto 22. Lerwa lerwa Hodgson Khwazakheila. Status: rare. Snow Partridge (E.). Zangalee Charg (Ver.)

Medium sized bird. Occurs in alpine and sub- 26. Otus scops Linnaeus alpine pastures. Upper parts of the body are Eurasian Scops Owl (E.), Goungay (Ver.) black and white in plumage while lower parts Nocturnal with conspicuous ear tufts, are reddish brown. Bill and legs are bright occurring in low and high altitudes of the red. Found in Kalam, Mankial and vale. Plumage is pale brown. The irises are Mahodhand areas foraging upon lichens, yellow and the bill is darker horny. Nocturnal mosses and small buds. Status: rare. in habit, remains silent during day. Status:

common, can be seen in moon light with its 23. Lophophoros impejanus Latham peculiar calls. Himalayan Monal Pheasant, Lhate, Murghe- zareen (Ver.) 27. Psittacula eupatria Linnaeus The biggest and heaviest among pheasants. Large Indian Parakeet (E.), Totti or Kamacal The head has a crest of green feathers. The Totti (Ver.) bill is strong and down-curved. Sexual Larger of all the parakeets visiting the vale, dimorphism is present. Male is brighter while predominantly green with an extra long tail, female is dull in plumage. Inhabits the maroon red patch on shoulder, orange red and highest elevation in the temperate conifer powerful bill. Summer visitor in fruit season. forest and alpine meadows along the tree line. Gregarious, status: common. Found in the heights of Matta range, Shangla Pass, Malam Jabba, Kalam, Miandam, Ushu 28. Psittacula himalayana Lesson and Mankial areas. Status: rare. Slaty-headed Parakeet (E.), Spin Saray Totii (Ver.) Larger in size than Psitaculla krameri, with 24. Merops apiaster Linnaeus grass green body and yellowish on the breast. Bee-eater (E.). Mashee Khurak (Ver.) Head is slaty in colour, which is a diagnostic A graceful bird with central tail feathers feature. Found rare in areas around Saidu pinpointed and shorter, has a heavy black eye Sharif and Marghuzar, foraging upon seeds stripe, yellow throat encircled by a narrow berries and fruits. black lining joining the eye. Crown is

greenish white and the breast is greenish. Legs are small, weak and brown. Bill is stout 29. Psittacula krameri Scopoli pointed down and black. Catches insects in Rose-ringed Parakeet (E.), Acil Totti or Totii the air and on the ground. Found in lower (Ver.) Swat around Mingora during summer. Status: Very intelligent bird, can learn talking like rare. humans therefore, is also petted. Prefers to SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 81

talk with children and elder women. Occurs seeds, buds and berries. in pairs and nests in old tree trunks. The collar is formed by a ring of rose coloured 33. Streptopelia orientalis Latham feathers, hence the name rose-ringed. Oriental Turtle Dove (E.), Kourkoray Kautara Summer migrant to the vale. Status: common. (Ver.) Large in size than Streptopelia turtur. The 30. Pucrasia macrolopha biddulphi Marshall sides of the neck has blue-grey and black Koklass Pheasant (E), Zangali Charge (Ver.) feathers in a chequer-board pattern. The iris is Medium sized most abundant pheasant. Legs orange with a purple orbital ring of bare skin. are long gray and with a curved spur. Cere is purple pink while legs and feet are Occurring in moist temperate forests. The carmine. Often solitary. It is a shy and cock is light green and white in colour. The secretive bird, fly to the tree and remains cock head is green with white ear tufts and a there till not disturbed. Forages on buds, large crest (about 10 cm) of green feathers. herbs, grains, berries and seeds scattered on Female is dull coloured with a small crest. ground. Spring visitor and stay till late Inhabits temperate coniferous forests of summer. Status: common. Marghuzar, Islampur, Malam Jabba, Kalam area and Eelum Hills above Barikot Area 34. Streptopelia senegalensis Linnaeus from about 5,400 to 9,500 feet elevation. A Little Brown Dove (E.), Kharay Kautara local hunter party shot one cock in the Eelum (Ver.) Hills in the end of July 1994. Roberts The smallest dove with brown plumage. The (1991,92) has not been reported the Koklass English and Pashtu names are because of its pheasant from this area. Status: rare. plumage. It has a slimy long body with a long tail. The irises are dark brown and the legs 31. Picus squamatus Vigors and feet are purple red while the bill is black. Scaly-bellied green Woodpecker (E.), Megi- Spring visitor and remain in the valley till late khurak (Ver.) summer. Nests in the holes in the old tree Green in colour with larger head and straight trunks, foraging upon seeds, grains, grasses bill. The bill is horny and yellow in colour. and young buds. Status: common. Bristles cover the nostrils. The iris is pink and feet are stout. Long protrusible tongue is used 35. Streptopelia turtur Linnaeus for foraging ants by chiseling and hammering Western Turtle Dove (E.), Kourkoray Kautara into bark crevices of tree trunk and branches. (Ver.) Also descend to the ground for foraging. This is a slender bodied smaller dove with a Status: rare. long tail. Smaller in size than Streptopelia orientalis. Irises are orange and feet are 32. Streptopelia chinensis Scopoli crimson-red. Bill is purplish black. The naked Spotted Dove or Chinese Dove (E.), Kana orbital ring is reddish purple. It is largely a Kautara (Ver.) ground feeding species gleaning grains from Smaller in size than Columba livia. Summer cultivated crops as well as weed, seeds and visitor, often solitary, spotted with round buds. Status: common in spring and summer. head and blackish weak bill and long tail. Legs are pinkish red. According to Roberts 36. Strix aluco Linnaeus (1991) it migrates from China. The Tawny Owl (E.) Ghat Goungay (Ver.) instrument used by local hunters for hunting Very large in size when compared with other this dove is catapult and air gun. Abundantly owls of the vale. Plumage is gray. Head is found in summer in trees surrounding round lacking ear tufts. The irises are dark agricultural fields in the vale, foraging upon brown and the area above the eyes is white. 82 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Forest dwelling species and is confined to eside direct losses, fruit fly infestation is a colder mountain ranges around Kalam. B Status: rare. major trade barrier, resulting in the indirect economic losses to the growers. The quarantines 37. Tetraogallus himalayensis G.R.Gray regulations imposed by importing countries, Himalayan Snow Cock or Ram Chukar (E.), especially developed countries, either ban a Charge (Ver.) producing country from a potential export market, Game bird larger in size than a large chicken. or insist on effective dis-infestation of fruit grown in It has a powerful down-curved gray bill and areas with fruit fly, ultimately increasing- the cost of stout orange legs. A small area of bare orange production (Singh, Ecological consideration in eradicating exotic fruit fly introductions. In: or yellow skin surrounds the eye. Occurring st rare in alpine pastures from 12,000 to 20,000 Proceedings, 1 International symposium on fruit feet elevations. Forages on grasses and buds. flies in the tropics (eds. S. Vijaysegaran and A.G. Ibrahim), pp. 11-29, Kuala Lumpur, 1988, 38. Upupa epops Linnaeus Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Hoopoe (E.), Mula-charghak (Ver.) Institute, Kaula Lumpur, 1991). Recently Japan has Stout graceful bird, summer visitor, breeds in established a Vapour Heat Treatment Plant in the holes, earth cliffs and tree trunks. Peculiar Pakistan, for treating mango fruit under supervision feature is the presence of an erectile crest on of Japanese experts to enable its export in Japan. the head. The crest is erected particularly Such treatments not only increase the cost of when disturbed. Insectivorous, digging in production but also decrease the shelf life. Beside feeding habits. Digs the ground by its strong these losses, many fruits cannot be freely exported bill as it walks along. Sexes are alike. to such lucrative markets like USA, Japan and Although Roberts (1991) has not noted it Australia, because of strict quarantine regulations in from Swat but according to authors the birds these countries thus prohibiting entry of fresh fruit is common in summer around Shamozai, from fruit flies infested areas. Therefore fruit flies Kabal and Barikot areas. Status: common. are major obstacles in development of fruit industry in developing countries. Department of Zoology ALI M. YOUSAFZAI With the increase in international air travel Islamia College, Peshawar JEHANDAR SHAH and transport, there has been a consequent rise in the and Malakand University, introduction of exotic fruit fly species. Nine species Chakdara Dir, NWFP (JS) of fruit flies have been introduced in California (Received 8 October 2004, revised 14 July 2005) (USA) in the last ten years (Liquido and Cunningham, Ecological consideration in eradicating exotic fruit fly introductions. In: Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 38(1), pp. 82-83, 2006. Proceedings, 1 st International symposium on fruit flies in the tropics (eds. S. Vijaysegaran and A.G. NEW RECORD OF TWO FRUIT Ibrahim), pp. 235-241, Kuala Lumpur, 1988. FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE: DIPTERA) Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development SPECIES FROM PAKISTAN Institute, Kaula Lumpur, 1991) and four in Hawaii (USA.) (Vargas and Nishida, Ecological Abstract.- Fruit flies are not only consideration in eradicating exotic fruit fly important fruit pest but also quarantine pest and introductions. In: Proceedings, 1 st International play an important role in making intelligent symposium on fruit flies in the tropics (eds. S. plant quarantine decisions. In this study two Vijaysegaran and A.G. Ibrahim), pp. 242-250, species of fruit flies are recorded from Pakistan for the first time. Kuala Lumpur, 1988. Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute, Kaula Key words: Fruit flies, Dacines, Tephritidae, Lumpur, 1991). Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Diptera, Pakistan SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 83

Hancock, a pest species in South East Asia has been 2. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) signata (Hering) introduced to South America (Surinam and French [(Synonymy and description of important taxonomic Guinea) (S. Muller, pers. comm.). Fruit flies have characters is given by Mahmood ( Pakistan J. Zool ., high probability of being introduced into new areas 31 : 219-235, 1999)] without strict enforcement of quarantine regulation. Male specimens of this species are also Materials and methods attracted to cue lure. Plastic traps containing a mixture cue lure and chlorpyrifos, methyl eugenol and chlorpyrifos Material examined: Pakistan (in 95:5) on cotton were placed in fruit orchard in BARI, Chakwal, 1 male, 24.vi.2004, 2 males, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal. 28.viii.2004, 5 males, 30.viii.2004, 5 males, The traps were hung with fruit trees about 5-6 feet 31.viii.2004. high. The data of fruit flies were recorded daily. The These species already known from India collected flies were pinned, mounted and identified previously and have been first time recorded from to species level. The specimens were deposited in Pakistan recently. It will be question to answer insect repository of Pakistan Museum of Natural either these species already existed or introduced to History, Islamabad. Pakistan. If these. species of fruit flies are introduced in Pakistan, then authorities need to Results and discussion implement the quarantine law strictly. Pakistan is Some already known species and common already facing strict quarantine regulations from species Bactrocera (Bactocera) zonata (Saunders), Japan and USA for the import of mango in these Bactrocera (zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coq.) and countries. Pakistan is currently importing fruits like Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel) were grapes and pears trom China. Chinese citrus fly recorded. While two species of fruit flies given Bactrocera minax (an important pest of citrus fruits below are the first record from Pakistan. These in China and northern India) could be a possible species were already known from India. threat to our kinnow (horticultural industry), without strict enforcement of quarantine laws. 1. Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) duplicata (Bezzi) [(Synonymy and description of important taxonomic Acknowledgements characters is given by Mahmood and Hassan I am grateful to Dr. Abid Mahmood and Dr. (Pakistan J. Zool. Suppl. Ser . 7, 2005)]. Ghulam Shabbir (Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal) for their encouragement and Male specimens of this species are attracted moral support. to cue lure. Pakistan Museum of Natural History, K. MAHMOOD Material examined: Pakistan Islamabad-44000, Pakistan Email: [email protected] BARI, Chakwal, 1 male, 24.vi.2004, 2 males, 28.viii.2004, 5 males, 30.viii.2004, 5 males, (Received 30 March 2005) 31.viii.2004.