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PDF Download REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política Portuguese Journal of Political Science Número 5 - 2015 Publicação Anual do Observatório Político. A Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política (RPCP) é uma marca registada e uma publicação oficial de carácter científico do Observatório Político, destinada à edição, circulação e publicitação de estudos e investigações académicas originais e inovadores no domínio dos estudos políticos. Faz convergir as várias perspectivas dos estudos políticos: a teoria política, os processos e instituições políticas, a estratégia e a segurança. A RPCP cumpre as normas de referenciação do Catálogo Latindex – sistema de Informação In- ternacional de Revistas Científicas e do European Reference Índex for the Humanities (ERIH) da European Science Foundation (ESF). Diretora Cristina Montalvão Sarmento Conselho Editorial Cristina Montalvão Sarmento, Patrícia Oliveira e Suzano Costa Editores Executivos Cristiana Oliveira e Nuno Lopes Conselho Académico Adriano Moreira, Alcino Pinto Couto, Alfonso Galindo Hervás, Andrew Linklater, Annabela Rita, André Freire, André Corsino Tolentino, António Correia e Silva, Armando Marques Guedes, Carlos Baptista, Carlos César da Lima Motta, Eduardo Viana, Gianfranco Pasquino, Gianluca Passarelli, Jacques de Champchesnel, Jorge Bacelar Gouveia, José Adelino Maltez, José Eduardo Franco, José Lamego, José Manuel Pureza, José Manuel Moreira, Kevin Mulcahy, Kirk Bowman, Lúcia Maria Paschoal de Guimarães, Luís Andrade, Luís Filipe Lobo-Fernandes, Luís Salgado de Matos, Manuel Meirinho, Maria Assunção Esteves, Mário Losano, Miguel Anacoreta Correia, Olivier Dabène, Paulo Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo Gorjão, Pedro Ferre, Pierre Léglise-Costa, Rui Vieira Nery Colaboraram no número V da Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política Revisores Científicos Adérito Vicente, Armando Marques Guedes, Carlos Vargas, Francisco Pavia, Manuel Filipe Canaveira, Marta Ceia, Patrícia Oliveira, Pedro Fonseca, Raquel Patrício Montagem e Implementação do Sistema de Revisão Científica Patrícia Oliveira, Cristiana Oliveira e Nuno Lopes Fotografia de Capa Mogul Revisão Ana Rita Dias, Mariana Carmo Duarte, Pandora Guimarães, Sara Gouveia Editor Observatório Político Características Técnicas Publicação anual, 300 exemplares impressos, distribuição nacional e internacional Concepção e Revisão Gráfica Pandora Guimarães Impressão e Acabamentos Sersilito - Empresa Gráfica, Lda. Depósito Legal 337483/11 ISSN 1647-4090 Correspondência relativa a assinaturas, colaboração de permutas e oferta de publicações deve ser dirigida a: OBSERVATÓRIO POLÍTICO, Associação de Investigação em Estudos Políticos Rua Dom Luís de Noronha, nº 35, R/C, 1050-071 Lisboa - Portugal Tel.: (+351) 21 820 88 75 - Email: [email protected] Para mais informações consulte www.observatoriopolitico.pt REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Índice Editorial 9 I. Portugal no Mundo The PIIGS during the Eurozone crisis: changing patterns of support for the EU 13 Cláudia Ribeiro The value of political connections in the closing years of authoritarian Portugal 25 Pedro Teixeira NATO and Portugal: a realist marriage 41 Luca Renise e Fernando Costa O parlamento nas grandes decisões da política externa portuguesa. 63 Portugal face à Segunda Guerra Mundial: a questão da neutralidade Nuno Lopes II. Perspectivas do Mundo a Norte The role of Georgia in the foreign policy of G. W. Bush administration 79 Andrzej Kozłowski Communicative interaction and foreign policy change: re-evaluating the Carter 99 administration’s decision-making process during the iranian revolution Luís da Vinha III. Perspectivas do Mundo a Sul Os invisíveis, os cidadãos e as ruas de Porto Alegre: análise do processo dialético 121 das manifestações de massa e a relação entre o Estado democrático e o acesso à justiça no Brasil Lívio Silva de Oliveira Gobierno abierto: evolución del paradigma y la situación en Latinoamérica 145 Augusto Guillermo Girao IV. Outras Perspectivas Políticas O papel do humor na argumentação política 161 Constantino Pereira Martins Candidates’ communication strategies in two televised debates during the 2011. 183 Portuguese presidential campaign: a political-linguistic approach Francisco Carvalho Vicente, Paulo Carvalho Vicente e Vera Ferreira Recensões Why nations fail 203 João Bandeira 207 The darkening stars – a novel of the great war Luciana Pereira Resumos – Abstracts 217 Autores – Authors 225 Editorial Política e Verdade Em qualquer autor, em qualquer tempo da história, vivemos tempos de mu- danças. É o dinamismo do tempo. A consciência de estar num mundo que obriga a leituras diversificadas do tempo e do espaço. Assim estamos nós. Portugal no mundo. Em outros tempos, como agora, nas encruzilhadas do ser coletivo. Ora face a guerras anteriores, em tempos de transição de regimes, nas suas alianças com as organizações coletivas ou face à falência das atuais estruturas. A este dina- mismo ficou reservada a primeira parte da Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política. Na segunda e terceira parte, artigos que nos chegam de várias partes do mun- do, aliam perspetivas sejam da América do Norte relativamente a outros mundos, seja da América do Sul, ainda voltada sobre si própria. Sentem-se as análises crí- ticas a norte e as preocupações a sul. São bem-vindas as contribuições exteriores que trazem outros mundos ao nosso, e denotam a consolidação da Revista a nível internacional. Finalmente uma última parte foi reservada, neste número, a outras perspeti- vas que colhem pelo sentido contemporâneo das leituras culturais, sem as quais a ciência política ficaria incompleta. Recensões no final completam este número cinco. O título deste editorial justifica a capa. Também hoje, como ontem, a política é feita de falsas verdades. A repetição, muitas vezes alicerçada em números cegos, índices ou estatísticas falsamente corretas, induzem o analista em erro. A política é sobretudo fruto da imaginação e crença coletiva do estado do mundo. Real ou inventada, convicta ou responsável é a arte da comunicação coletiva criadora de expetativas que alimentam o ser coletivo. Como nos sugere a nossa capa, mante- nhamos a consciência do ser que é a política, para dele extrair as nossas leituras independentes e autónomas, alicerce básico de qualquer cientista que pretenda estudar política com ética e seriedade. Uma última palavra a todos os revisores destes artigos. A revisão de artigos é e tem sido uma tarefa ingrata. Muitos recusam e esquecem. Não alimenta os acumuladores de tarefas curriculares. Não traz notoriedade. Mas muitos também têm sido aqueles que certamente com sacrifício do seu tempo opinam, melhoram, criticam, permitindo que deste modo se vão firmando as regras de uma comu- nidade científica de entreajuda e capaz de se auto aperfeiçoar em qualidade e em trabalho coletivo do qual cada vez mais dependem as regras da ciência no nosso quotidiano. Os nossos agradecimentos a este trabalho invisível mas essencial. Visível é o especial labor da Patrícia Oliveira, da Cristiana Oliveira, do Nuno Lopes sem cuja perseverança para a realização deste número, aliada à disciplina e entusiamo que coloca no trabalho a Pandora Guimarães, não conseguiríamos 9 Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política chegar aqui. Com a distribuição em curso da RPCP número 4 e com este número estamos com a nossa periodicidade anual em dia, o número 5 concluído no ano de 2015. Ultrapassamos assim, o número de vezes que se publicou uma revista de Ciên- cia Política em Portugal, a Polis. Não será aberto o chamamento a artigos para o próximo número, uma vez que as nossas expetativas ultrapassaram largamente a nossa capacidade de publicação e temos o próximo número completo cuja mon- tagem terá início no mês de Outubro. Mas os que nos visitam na nossa página eletrónica, já cerca de 5.000 pessoas que acompanham as nossas tarefas diárias, sabem que continuaremos com empenho nas próximas publicações dos resulta- dos dos seus esforços científicos com criatividade e algum caos criativo que é a genética essencial do Observatório Político. Cristina Montalvão Sarmento 10 I. Portugal no Mundo The PIIGS during the Eurozone crisis: changing patterns of support for the EU Cláudia Ribeiro Universidade Konstanz Observatório Político 1. Introduction The evolution of the European Union’s system has led to the creation of a mul- tilevel governance context in which identities and economic factors can be per- ceived, alongside with other factors, as a way of legitimizing the European level of governance. Up until now, and mainly with events that contributed to deepen the level of European integration such as the signature of the Maastricht Treaty, the introduction of the Euro as the common currency, and more recently with the sig- nature of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union has been one of the main objects of in-depth research in the field of Political Science. Consequently, the academic debate has produced a lot of relevant research focusing on public opinion and support towards European integration. The overall idea that support for the EU is decreasing and, consequently, disapproval for the EU is increasing, have led to the hype of the idea of Euroscepticism in academia. Nowadays, the EU is experiencing a turning point. Traditionally, the so-called Southern European countries have demonstrated to be rather supportive of Eu- ropean integration in comparison to, for instance, Northern/Central European countries. Nevertheless,
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