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CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PORTUGUESE JOURNAL of POLITICAL SCIENCE Revista Portuguesa De Ciência Política Portuguese Journal of Political Science Número 6 - 2016

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CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PORTUGUESE JOURNAL of POLITICAL SCIENCE Revista Portuguesa De Ciência Política Portuguese Journal of Political Science Número 6 - 2016 REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política Portuguese Journal of Political Science Número 6 - 2016 Publicação Anual do Observatório Político. A Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política (RPCP) é uma marca registada e uma publicação oficial de carácter científico do Observatório Político, destinada à edição, circulação e publicitação de estudos e investigações académicas originais e inovadores no domínio dos estudos políticos. Faz convergir as várias perspectivas dos estudos políticos: a teoria política, os processos e instituições políticas, a estratégia e a segurança. A RPCP cumpre as normas de referenciação do Catálogo Latindex – sistema de Informação Internacional de Revistas Científicas e do European Reference Índex for the Humanities (ERIH) da European Science Foundation (ESF). Diretora Cristina Montalvão Sarmento Conselho Editorial Cristina Montalvão Sarmento, Patrícia Oliveira e Suzano Costa Editores Executivos Cristiana Oliveira e Nuno Lopes Conselho Académico Adriano Moreira, Alcino Pinto Couto, Alfonso Galindo Hervás, Andrew Linklater, Annabela Rita, André Freire, André Corsino Tolentino, António Correia e Silva, Armando Marques Guedes, Carlos Baptista, Carlos César da Lima Motta, Eduardo Viana, Gianfranco Pasquino, Gianluca Passarelli, Jacques de Champchesnel, Jorge Bacelar Gouveia, José Adelino Maltez, José Eduardo Franco, José Lamego, José Manuel Pureza, José Manuel Moreira, Kevin Mulcahy, Kirk Bowman, Lúcia Maria Paschoal de Guimarães, Luís Andrade, Luís Filipe Lobo-Fernandes, Luís Salgado de Matos, Manuel Meirinho, Maria Assunção Esteves, Mário Losano, Miguel Anacoreta Correia, Olivier Dabène, Paulo Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo Gorjão, Pedro Ferre, Pierre Léglise-Costa, Rui Vieira Nery Colaboraram no número VI da Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política Revisores Científicos Maria do Céu Pinto, Maria Saudade Baltazar, José Fontes, João Cardoso Rosas, Goffredo Adinolfi, Manuel Loff, Marco Martins, António Silva Ribeiro, Teresa Rodrigues, Eduardo P. Correia, Carlos Baptista, Filipe Montargil, Marcos Faria Montagem e Implementação do Sistema de Revisão Científica Cristiana Oliveira, Nuno Lopes e Patrícia Oliveira Fotografia de Capa PANTØNIO. Lisbon, Portugal. September 2014. (photo © Francisco Gomes) Revisão Pandora Guimarães, Patrícia Oliveira, Cristiana Oliveira e Patrícia Tomás Editor Observatório Político Características Técnicas Publicação anual, 300 exemplares impressos, distribuição nacional e internacional Concepção e Revisão Gráfica Pandora Guimarães Impressão e Acabamentos Europress Depósito Legal 337483/11 ISSN 1647-4090 Correspondência relativa a assinaturas, colaboração de permutas e oferta de publicações deve ser dirigida a: OBSERVATÓRIO POLÍTICO, Associação de Investigação em Estudos Políticos Rua Almerindo Lessa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1349-055 Lisboa Portugal Tel.: (+351) 21 361 94 30 - Email: [email protected] Para mais informações consulte www.observatoriopolitico.pt REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Índice Editorial 9 I. Ordem Que consequências para a responsabilidade de proteger após a intervenção na 13 Líbia e a inação na Síria? Susana Rogeiro Nina Proposta de um modelo de poder local: analisar novas formas de democracia 27 em Portugal no contexto Europa Cristina Simões II. Desordem A questão territorial no Ártico: uma questão de desordem mundial? 53 Carla Sofia Carreira Jacinto Criminalidade marítima no século XXI: a migração da ameaça do Índico para 71 o Atlântico – uma contribuição portuguesa para a mitigação do fenómeno no Golfo da Guiné Cláudia Ramos Teles e Pedro Gonçalves III. Global alternatives 93 Global alternatives Bruno G. Bernardes, Miguel C. Matos, Pedro Sobral e Rui Coelho 97 Éléments pour une histoire de la critique de la valeur Anselm Jappe 113 Hegemonia: entre a força e o consenso Carlos Serrano Ferreira Global justice? Politics, power and the international criminal court 135 Tor Krever Popular sovereignty, globalization and political rights 155 Ludvig Beckman, Ulf Mörkenstam e Jouni Reinikainen Present, past and future of the Welfare State in Portugal: sustainability in debate 179 Raquel Varela e Renato Guedes The left in Latin America: a new paradigm? 199 Ronaldo Munck Recensões Do fim do comunismo ao exacerbar do nacionalismo: o caso húngaro na visão 223 de Paul Lendvai Mariana Carmo Duarte E se as mulheres não precisarem de ser salvas? Desconstruindo a narrativa 229 liberal sobre o salvamento das mulheres muçulmanas Verónica Ferreira Resumos – Abstracts 237 Autores – Authors 245 Editorial No mundo atual da pós-modernidade líquida de Bauman ou reflexiva como a classifica Beck, a ordem e desordem convivem, numa apoteose de crise, cujo significado último é a perda de controlo do poder político sobre alguns riscos sistémicos que recaem sobre as unidades estatais. Afirma-se um cenário em que o termo crise ultrapassa a sua condição de ex- cecionalidade, para tender a ser o estado natural do político, o que alimenta as recentes construções teóricas como a pós-democracia de Crouch ou o estado de exceção de Agamben. Dessa transnacionalidade que se reconhece incrementar o risco, surge o esfor- ço de compreender os desafios globais, que se colocam face à nova dinâmica do político, cuja a apreensão se persegue. Deste modo se entende a estruturação deste número seis da Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política, numa reflexão sobre o estado atual do mundo em contexto de desordem mundial, sem por isso haver uma concepção de ponto de partida ou de chegada nos textos aqui reunidos. Ao invés disso, dir-se-ia que entre eles se procura estabelecer um alinhamento mais ou menos indicativo sobre a (des)ordem do funcionamento sistémico, en- tendido nas suas fragilidades ao nível social, económico e geoestratégico. Em torno da ideia de ordem está presente uma reflexão sobre as consequên- cias do exercício de uma soberania responsável, na implementação e redefinição do poder nos cenários de intervenção e de inação na Líbia e na Síria. Segue-se a análise de novas formas de democracia, numa proposta de modelo de poder local com base numa análise comparativa sobre a participação política, o exercício da democracia e as expectativas dos cidadãos em Portugal e em contexto Europeu. A percepção da eminência do conflito, a disputa pelos recursos através de questões territoriais como as do Ártico, ou as ameaças à segurança marítima do Índico ao Atlântico, traduzem um diagnóstico possível em torno da ideia de de- sordem, ou mais concretamente sobre o agravamento do ambiente de paz nas relações internacionais. É, portanto, este cenário generalizado de crise, do qual os textos reunidos cons- tituem uma amostra, que a pesquisa em torno de alternativas políticas, sociais, económicas, mas também teóricas, se constituem como propostas alternativas. Assim, sob a organização de Bruno G. Bernardes, Miguel C. Matos, Pedro So- bral e Rui Coelho, investigadores e membros associados do Observatório Político, a compilação de textos sobre o título Global alternatives soma a este número da Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política as perspectivas de renovação do estado do po- lítico, através dos contributos pertinentes de Anselm Jappe, Carlos Serrano Ferreira, Tor Krever, Ludvig Beckman, Ulf Mörkenstam, Jouni Reinikainen, Raquel Varela, 9 Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política Renato Guedes e Ronaldo Munck que se dispuseram, sob peer review, a pronta colaboração nesta secção temática. Já as recensões apresentadas neste número da RPCP constituem escolhas im- previsivelmente marcadas pelas forças das circunstâncias; talvez possam ser, por isso mesmo, contributos úteis para uma discussão futura mais esclarecida. Do conteúdo à capa, a escolha por Pantonio dá continuidade à colaboração in- formal entre a arte e a cultura, sempre presentes no Observatório Político. Desde já, agradecemos o contributo visual do artista, cuja forma híbrida e subterrânea concede outra dimensão ao exercício teórico. A RPCP cumpriu todos os critérios de inclusão na Latindex - Sistema de In- formação Internacional de Revistas Científicas, onde está inscrita, pelo que cons- tará também no European Refrence Index for the Humanities (EHRI). Estando candidata à inclusão noutros catálogos de referenciação científica, informamos os nossos leitores que, doravante, a RPCP terá uma tiragem semestral, cumprindo o esforço contínuo e desafiante de inclusão da produção científica nos programas de ciência aberta, tal como ela é considerada hoje. Por fim, uma justa nota de agradecimento à Cristiana Oliveira e ao Nuno Lo- pes, e em particular à Pandora Guimarães, pela disponibilidade e prontidão com que abraçam este projeto, atentos à qualidade e montagem editorial, dedicados aos nossos leitores, a quem também agradecemos. Cristina Montalvão Sarmento Patrícia Oliveira 10 I. Ordem Que consequências para a responsabilidade de proteger após a intervenção na Líbia e a inação na Síria? Susana Rogeiro Nina ISCTE-IUL Introdução Com a paz de Vestefália institui-se uma nova ordem mundial revestindo a soberania estatal de um cariz absoluto. A emergência de novos valores no pós II Guerra Mundial, com a crescente afirmação dos direitos humanos, reconfigurou o conceito de soberania e a comunidade internacional viu-se confrontada com a questão, se perante Estados violadores de direitos humanos estes deveriam perder os seus direitos soberanos e ser objeto de uma intervenção humanitária. Todavia, esta questão não tem sido consensual na comunidade
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