DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic and Cytological Studies with Camellia and Related Genera

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic and Cytological Studies with Camellia and Related Genera liI.i 111112.8 2 5 2 5 1.0 li.lI. ,~ 11111 . 1.0 ~IIIII~ 11111 . ~ ~II~ 2.2 I~ ~III~ 2.2 Ibl . 1:.1 .;, I~ ~ I~ ~ ~ :i lri.\l ..~ ~~ ... " I.;. " 1.1 .,;,a..:. .... 1.1 I.,a.", I I 111I[L25 111111.4 111111.6 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL aURlAU OF S[,\NDAIlDS·196J,·A NAIIONAl nUHlAU or STANDARDS·I%3·A Genetic and Cytological Studies With Camellia and Related Genera By William L. Ackerman I; Technical Bulletin No. 1427 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The major portion of the work shown here on interspecific and intergeneric hybridization and chromosome numbers waS done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. degree at the University of Maryland, College Park. The dissertation research was accomp1ished under the guidance of Delbert T. Morgan, Professor of Botany. Trade names are used in this publication solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or \varranty of the product by the U.S. Depart­ ment of Agriculture 01' an endorsement by the Department over other products not mentioned. III CONTENTS Introduction ______________________________________________________-- Page1 ~aterials and methods _______________________________.--____________ 3 Parental specie.s of Camellia and related genera_______________________ 3 Experimental procedures _____________________________-_____________ 4 HybrirUzation ________..•_ _________ _________________________ _____ 4 ~ethods of pollination • ____ . _________________ ____________________ 4 Embryo culture _. __ .. __ . __ ._ •. ___.. ____________ ____________________ 7 General culture ______ ~ ______ • __ . _________ .._____________________ 8 Morphological comparisons of parents and hybrids _... ___ .. _ .__________ 9 Determination of pollen abortion ___ ._. ___ . __________ . _____ .. ____. 9 Cytological methods . _ ... _____ . __________ . ____ .__ .. ___ .. _.. ____ .__ 9 Results . ______ --______________________. _.______________________________ 12 Interspecific hybridization _.-_-_ .__ _________________________________ 12 Morphological comparisont1 ________ . ________________.. _____________ 12 D(;termination of pollen abortion __ ._______________________________ 27 Intergeneric hybridization ... __ • __________ •___ ..______________________ 39 ~orphological comparisons ___ . ___ .. ______________________________ 39 Determination of pollen abortion ____ . __________________________ ___ 47 Species compatibility relationships ___ • ____________________________ -- 48 Chromosome numbers __ ._________ . ___________ ._____________________ 51 Chromosome numbers of parents. ______ •.___• __ .___________________ 51 Chromosome numbers of interspecific hybrids ________ • __ . __________ 55 Chromosome numbers of intergeneric hybrid~; • _____• __________ .___ 64 Chromosome morphology .___ ___ . ____ . ______ • _______ . _______ 69 Discussion and conclusions . __ ..__ .. _____ . ______________ ._______ . 78 Summary _______ • _______.___________________________________________ 86 Literature cited ._ • _"_" .. __ ... _ .•___ . __________________________ ._______ 89 Appendix ____________________________• __________ .___________________ 93 Washington, D.C. Issued September 1971 For 8."11c by the SUPCl'intcndcnl or Documents, U.S. Govcrnment Printing Omec \Vnshin).!ton, D.C. 20402-Pl'icc 70 cents. IV Genetic and Cytological Studies With Camellia and Rela'ted Genera By WILL1AM L. ACKERMAN, research hm·ti(ntltm-ist, Plant Science Rcsea1·ch Division, Ag1·icultural Resea1·ch Service INTRODUCTION Interest in the genus Camellia was during the latter part of the L. has been largely concerned 18th century. with species of economic signifi­ During Victorian times, camel­ cance. In the Orient, camellias lias were grown as conservatory are important as ornamentals, for plants in both Europe and North­ the oil of the seeds of certain ern United States and as garden species, and as the source of tea. specimens in Southeastern United In both Europe and the United States. Popularity of camellias States, camellias are important waned near the turn of the cen­ only as ornamentals. Introduction tury, and not until after World of species of Camellia into Eu­ War II did they again gain prom­ rope from the Orient is generally inence as ornamentals. Pres­ accepted to have been about 1740 ently, the many cultivars of C. ja­ and was closely associated with ponica and C. sasanqua Thunberg the tea industry, based on C. si­ are grown rather widely as hardy nensis (L.) O. Kuntze. A report evergreens in southern and by Meyer (1959) 1 indicates a Pacific coastal regions and, to a much earlier introduction into limited extent, in greenhouses in Europe by Portuguese traders the North. C. hiemalis Nakai, C. who brought C. iaponica L. to reticulcda.. Lindley, C. sal7tenensis Oporto, Portugal, about 1550. In­ Stapt ex Bean, and C. ve?·nalis troduction into the United States (Makino) Makino are less frequently cultivated species CamelUa belongs to the family 1 References to Li';erature Cited, p. 89, are herein il1dic>!t<!d by the name cf the Theaceae, tribe Gordonieae, along author or authors followed by the year with eight other genera including of publication in italic. F?·anklinia, Gordonia, Laplacea, 1 2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1427, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE PYl'ena?'ia, Schima, Stewa?·tia, solid colors and variegated pat­ Tutche?'ia, and Y~mnanea. Camel­ terns. No yellow or blue camellias lia is the largest of the genera appear among the commonly within Gordonieae. Index JKewen­ grown species. Most varieties i'e­ sis (Hooker and Jackso:1, 1890) tain old withered flowers. Except lists 80 species, whereas Sealy for a few faintly scented culti­ (1958) describes 82 recognized vars, particularly of C. sascmqua, species and 16 others still too im­ floral scent is lacking. Efforts to perfectly known for their status intensify this scent through in­ to be decided. A wide variation in traspecific hybridization have floral characters reflects a great been disappointing. The natural diversity between species. In Sea­ flowering sea&on for the culti­ ly's (1958) revision of Camellia vated species is limited to the he divided the genus into 12 sec­ spring for C. iaponica and C. ?'eti­ tions plus a miscellaneous group culata and the fall for C. sasan­ called Dubiae. Sealy's taxonomic qua. Improved cold hardiness is classification is used as the basis desirable because outdoor culture of species separation in this is now (1971) confined mostly to study. the Southeastern and West Coast Extensive programs have been States. undertaken in intraspecific hy­ Lesser known species have all bridization, particularly with C. of the characters presently lack­ japom:ca. Until recently, little at­ ing in the cultivated species with tention was given to interspecific the exception of blue flowers, al­ and inhH'generic crosses. Ander­ though purple-flowered species do son (1961) and Savige (1967) exist. Diversity within the genus have both said that much of the and numbers of indigenous species useful intraspecific genetic varia­ suggest the center of origin to be tion has been exploited in C. ia­ in the region of southern China ponica. Although interspecific and and North Vietnam. Many species intergeneric hybridizations are described by early taxonomists frequently difficult or unsuccess­ were never successfully exported ful, a program of wide crosses from this region and so are not was inWated in 1960 at the U.S. presently available for hybddiza­ Plant Introduction Station, Glenn tion. However, Hilsman (1966) Dale, Md., in an attempt to de­ states that approximately 25 to velop hybrids with wider genetic 30 species have been introduced variation. into the United States. The Glenn Vegetative and floral limita­ Dale station has 26 species of tions occur in C. iaponica and C. CamellicL in its collection, 20 of sasanqua,. Flower color in the which have flowered and have wild C. ,ia}Jonica is confined to been used as parents. red, but in the horticultural vari­ The basic chromosome number eties to white through red in both in the genus is 15. Chromosome STUDIES WITH CAMELLIA AND RELATED GENERA 3 numbers of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 Camellia species and species of ha ve been r€ported for different related genera in our collection by species. SUI' "ess in the devalop­ obtaining interspecific and inter­ ment of new forms will depend generic hybrids, (2) to determine upon the (!stablishment of hybrids the chromosome numbers of spe­ between species with different cies and hybrids, (3) to determine chromosome numbers as well as the chromosome morphology of between species with the same Canwllia species where possible, number. Therefore, crosses have and (4) to determine the breeu­ been made to obtain as many in­ ing potential of interspecific and terspecific combinations as possi­ intergeneric hybrids. Previous re­ ble without consideration of the ports on this subject have been chomosome numbers of the par­ made by the writer (1963, 1970a, ents. The chromosome numbers 197·Ob).~ of interspecific hybrids can be variable, particularly if one or both parents are polyploids. "Also, ACKERMAN, W. L. INTERSPE­ The purposes of this study CIFIC AND INTERGENERIC HYBRIDIZATION OF CAMELLIAS. 1969. (Unpublished Ph. were: (1) To investigate the com­ D. thesis. Copy on file Univ. of Md. patibility relationships of various library, College Parle) MATERIALS AND METHODS Parental Species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Fairchild Tropical Garden NIXON SMILEY ______1
    ~GAZ.NE AMERICAN HORTI CULTURAL SOCIETY A vnion of the Ame'rican Horticultuml Society and the American Ho·rticultural Council 1600 BLADENSB URG ROAD, NORTHEAST . WASHINGTON 2, D. C. For Un ited H mticulture *** to accumulate, increase, and disseminate horticultuml infmmation B. Y. MORRISON, Editor Di?-ec to?'S T enns Expiring 1960 J AMES R. H ARLOW, Managing Editor D ONOVAN S. CORRELL T exas CARL "V. F ENN I NGER Editorial Committee Pennsylvania W. H . HODGE W'. H . HODGE, Chainnan Pen nS)1 Ivan i(~ ] OHN L. CREECH A. J. IRVI NG Yo?'k FREDElRI C P. L EE New "VILLIAM C. STEERE CONRAD B. LI NK New York CURTIS MAY FREDERICK G. MEYER T erms Ex1Jil'ing 1961 STUART M. ARMSTRONG 'WILBUR H. YOUNGMAN Maryland J OHN L. CREECH Maryland Officers 'WILLIAM H . FREDERICK, JR. DelawQ.j·e PR ES IDENT FRANCIS PATTESON-KNIGHT RICHARD P . 'WHITE V il'ginia Washington, D. C. DONALD WYMAN 111 assachv.setts FIRST VICE·PRESIDENT Tenns Expiring 1962 DONALD W YMAN Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts FREDERIC P. LEE Maryland HENRY T. SKINNER SECOND VICE- PRESIDENT Distl'ict of Columba STUART M. ARMSTRONG CEORGE H. SPALDING Silvel' Spring, Mal'yland California RICHARD P. WHITE SECRETARY-TREASURER District of Columbia OLIVE E. WEATHERELL AN NE " VERTSNER WOOD Washington, D. C. Pennsylvania The Amel'ican Ho'yticvltw'al Magazine is the official publication of the American Horticultural Society and is issued fo ur times a year during the q uarters commencing with January, April , July and October. It is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Incompatible and Compatible Camellia-Ciborinia Camelliae Plant-Pathogen Interactions
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Characterization of incompatible and compatible Camellia-Ciborinia camelliae plant-pathogen interactions A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Matthew Denton-Giles 2014 Abstract Many Camellia species and cultivars are susceptible to infection by the host-specific fungal phytopathogen Ciborinia camelliae L. M. Kohn (Sclerotiniaceae). This necrotrophic pathogen specifically infects floral tissue resulting in rapid development of host-cell death and premature flower fall. C. camelliae is considered to be the causal agent of ‘Camellia flower blight’ and is an economically significant pest of both the Camellia floriculture and Camellia oil seed industries. This study sought to identify molecular components that contribute to incompatible and compatible interactions between C. camelliae and Camellia petal tissue. Microscopic analyses of incompatible C. camelliae-Camellia lutchuensis interactions revealed several hallmarks of induced plant resistance, including papillae formation, H2O2 accumulation, and localized cell death. Extension of resistance analyses to an additional 39 Camellia spp. identified variable levels of resistance within the Camellia genus, with Camellia lutchuensis, Camellia transnokoensis and Camellia yuhsienensis exhibiting the strongest resistance phenotypes. Collectively, Camellia species of section Theopsis showed the highest levels of incompatibility. Based on this observation, a total of 18 Camellia interspecific hybrids with section Theopsis species in their parentage were tested for resistance to C.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Gardens 390 Forge Road Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818
    The American HORTICULTURAL Magazine winter 1971 / volume 50 / number 1 50th Anniversary Edition Journal of the American Horticultural Society, Inc. 2401 CALVERT STREET, N.W. / WASHINGTON, D. c. 20008 For United Horticulture . The particular objec.ts and business of the American Horticultural Society are to promote and encourage national in·terest in scientific research and education in horticulture in all of its branches. 1970-71 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (*) President Treasurer DR. DAVID G. LEACH (1971) MR. JOHN M. PATEK (1972) 1674 Trinity Road President North Madison, Ohio 44057 Color Data, Inc. 434 Mount Airy Drive First Vice President Rochester, New York 14617 MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD (1973) Director, Pennsylvania Member of the Board Horticultural Society DR. HENRY M. CATHEY (1973) 325 Walnut Street Leader, Ornamental Investigations Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Agricultural Research Service Second Vice President U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705 MR. FREDERICK J. CLOSE (1971) 6189 Shore Drive Immediate Past President North Madison, Ohio 44057 MR. FRED C. GALLE (1971) (U) Secretary Director of Horticulture DR. GEORGE H. M. LAWRENCE (1971) Callaway Gardens 390 Forge Road Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 MR. O. KEISTER EVANS Executive Director Washington, D . C. (.) Members of the 1970-71 Board of Directors per bylaw provision. ( ... ) Ex officio, and without vote. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is the official publication of The American Horticultural Society and is issued during the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall quarters. The magazine is included as a benefit of membership in The American Horticultural Society, individual membership dues being $15.00 a year. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze (7)
    “As Primeiras Camélias Asiáticas a Chegarem a Portugal e à Europa”. Armando Oliveira António Sanches (1623), Planisfério. 1 O género Camellia L. está praticamente confinado ao sul da China (80% de todas as espécies) e à região do sul da Ásia que inclui as Filipinas e as zonas do noroeste do arquipélago da Indonésia, com a inclusão do Japão e partes da Coreia. Estima-se que praticamente 20% das espécies de Camellia se encontram no Vietname. A região fitogeográfica do sul da Ásia é composta pela China, Laos, Mianmar (ex-Birmânia), Tailândia, Camboja e Vietname. 1 (Huang et al., 2016) 106 • A proposta taxonómica de Linnaeus (1835), “Sistema Natura”, permitiu-nos obter uma mais fácil e rápida identificação das espécies. • Baseia-se numa classificação dita binomial que atribui nomes compostos por duas palavras, quase sempre recorrendo ao latim. Adaptado de Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Flora (2018) 2 Reino Filo Classe Ordem Família Género Espécies/Variedades Cultivares Camellia caudata Wall. (11) Camellia drupifera Lour. (4) Dicotiledóneas Antófitas Camellia euryoides Lindl. (7) Vegetal (a semente Ericales (25) Theaceaes (12) Camellia (102+40) (que dão flor) contém 2 ou mais Camellia japonica L. cotilédones) Camellia kissi Wall. (11) Camellia oleifera Abel (6) Camellia rosaeflora Hook. (1) Camellia sasanqua Thunb. Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (7) • A 1ª parte do nome é referente ao género da espécie em causa e a 2ª parte identifica a espécie dentro de um determinado género. Adaptado de Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Flora (2018) 2 Ordem Família
    [Show full text]
  • Field Study of Shing Mun River Handbook for Tour Guides And
    Field Study of Shing Mun River Handbook for Tour Guides and Primary School Teachers Contents Page 1. Notes on Field Study of Rivers 2 2. Shing Mun River and Fieldwork Sites 3 3. About Shing Mun River 4 4. Ecology 8 5. Cultural Heritage 9 6. Fieldwork Site A: Tai Shing Stream 10 7. Fieldwork Site B: Shing Mun Catchwater 12 8. Fieldwork Site C: Gorge Dam, 14 Upper Shing Mun Reservoir 9. Fieldwork Site D: Heung Fan Liu 16 10. Fieldwork Site E: Man Lai Court 18 11. Fieldwork Site S1: Che Kung Temple 20 12. Fieldwork Site F: Estuary 22 13. Fieldwork Exercises 24 Field Study of Shing Mun River: Handbook for Tour Guides and Primary School Teachers 1 1 Notes on Field Study of Rivers Safety Measures 1. Wear a long-sleeved shirt and trousers to reduce the chance of insect bites and to avoid cuts and stings from vegetation; 2. Wear slip-resistant shoes; and 3. Leave the vicinity of the river immediately if there is a sudden rise in water level or an increase in the turbulence and turbidity of the stream flow. Code of Conduct 1. Protect the countryside and its environment. Do not pollute rivers or leave litter. 2. Do not disturb vegetation, or wildlife and their habitats. 3. Respect villagers and do not damage private property, crops, or livestock. Field Study of Shing Mun River: Handbook for Tour Guides and Primary School Teachers 2 Shing Mun River and Fieldwork Sites 2 Map 2.1: Shing Mun River Catchment and Fieldwork Sites • Tai Shing Stream（大城石澗） A • Shing Mun Catchwater（城門引水道） B • Gorge Dam, Upper Shing Mun Reservoir C （上城門水塘主壩） • Heung Fan Liu（香粉寮） D • Man Lai Court（文禮閣） E • Che Kung Temple（車公廟） S1 • Estuary（河口） F Field Study of Shing Mun River: Handbook for Tour Guides and Primary School Teachers 3 About Shing Mun River 3 1.
    [Show full text]
  • International Camellia Journal 2017
    International Camellia Journal 2017 An official publication of the International Camellia Society Journal Number 49 ISSN 0159-656X International Camellia Journal 2017 No. 49 International Camellia Society Congress 2018 Nantes, France, March 25 to 29 Pre-Congress Tour March 21-25 Gardens in Brittany Aims of the International Camellia Society Congress Registration March 25 in Nantes To foster the love of camellias throughout the world and maintain and increase their popularity Post-Congress Tours To undertake historical, scientific and horticultural research in connection with camellias Tour A March 29 to 31 Normandy, including World War II To co-operate with all national and regional camellia societies and with other horticultural societies sites To disseminate information concerning camellias by means of bulletins and other publications To encourage a friendly exchange between camellia enthusiasts of all nationalities Tour B March 29 to 31 Gardens and nurseries in southwest France Major dates in the International Camellia Society calendar Reassemble in Paris April 1 to 2, including visit to Versailles International Camellia Society Congresses 2018 - Nantes, Brittany, France. 2020 - Goto City, Japan. 2022 - Italy ISSN 0159-656X Published in 2017 by the International Camellia Society. © The International Camellia Society unless otherwise stated 3 Contents Camellia research A transcriptomic database of petal blight-resistant Camellia lutchuensis 47 Nikolai Kondratev1, Matthew Denton-Giles1,2, Cade D Fulton1, President’s message 6 Paul P Dijkwel1
    [Show full text]
  • Camellia Patents
    2,764,844 United States Patent Office. Patented Oct. 2, 1956 1 2,764,844 METHOD OF GRAFTING CAMELLIAS AND OTHER TENDER PLANTS Ray Allen Young, Los Angeles, Calif. Application January 26,1953, Serial No. 333,149 1 Claim. (CI.47-6) This invention relates to methods of grafting camellias and other tender plants, and has a its principal object to provide a simple, successful and economical means and method for grafting camellias on to a live branch. It is known that in order to successfully graft camellias on to another branch, after the cut and connection has been made, the graft must be enclosed in a covering to protect it from bright light and too much air, and at the same time a certain amount of moisture must be pro­ vided. Among the salient objects of my invention are: To provide a bag, or cup-like member having therein a chamber which can be placed over the graft after the cut and connection has been completed, and which can be tied or closed around the branch on which the graft is made so as to keep the air out, as well as bright light, and also to provide therein an open container with water therein to furnish the needed moisture to the camellia or other delicate plant grafted; To provide a cup or bag of light material, either opaque or transparent, and which can be placed down over the graft, or up into which said graftcan be inserted, with means for closing the open end thereof around the branch, and with an open container with water therein, to furnish the needed moisture.
    [Show full text]
  • April 1964 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL
    TIIE .A.~ERIC.A.N ~GAZINE April 1964 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL 1600 BLADENSBURG ROAD, NORTHEAST. WASHINGTON, D. C. For United Horticulture *** to accumulate, increase, and disseminate horticultural information Editorial Committee Directors Terms Expiring 1964 JOHN L. CREECH, Chairman R. C. ALLEN W. H . HODGE Ohio P. H. BRYDON FREDERIC P. LEE California CARL W. FENNINGER CONRAD B . LINK Pennsylvania CURTIS MAY JOHN E . GRAF District of Columbia FREDERICK G . MEYER GRACE P. WILSON Maryland WILBUR H . YOUNGMAN Terms Expiring 1965 HAROLD EpSTEIN New YOI'k Officers FRED C . GALLE Georgia PRESIDENT FRED J. NISBET North Carolina R USSELL J. SEIBERT J. FRANKLIN STYER Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania DONALD WYMAN FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT Massachusetts RAy C . ALLEN Terms Expiring 1966 Mansfie ld, Ohio J. HAROLD CLARKE Washington SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT JAN DE GRAAFF MRS. JULIAN W. HILL Oregon Wilm ington, Delaware CARLTON B . LEES Massachusetts RUSSELL J. SEIBERT ACTING SECRETARY-TREASURER . Pennsylvania GRACE P. WILSON DONALD WATSON Bladensburg, Maryland Michigan The American Horticultural Magazine is the official publication of the American Horticultural Society and is issued four times a year during the quarters commencing with January, April, J~ly and October. It is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growmg ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers increasing the historical, varietal, and cultural know ledges of plant mate~ials of economic and aesthetic importance are welcomed and will be published as early as possible. The Chairman of the Editorial Committee should be consulted for manuscript specifications. Reprints will be furnished in accordance with the following schedule of prices, plus post­ age, and should be ordered at the time the galley proof is returned by the author: One hundred copies-2 pp $6.60; 4 pp $12.10; 8 pp $25.30; 12 pp $36.30; Covers $12.10.
    [Show full text]
  • Requirements for Handover of Vegetation to Highways Department (2020 Version)
    路政署 • 園境部 LANDSCAPE DIVISION HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Requirements for Handover of Vegetation to Highways Department (2020 version) 1.0 Introduction For vegetated area to be handed over to Landscape Division of Highways Department (LandscapeD/HyD), the Project Proponent should consult and obtain agreement from LandscapeD/HyD in advance before finalization of the design works and provide inspection reports to ensure the smooth handing over of vegetation to LandscapeD/HyD for maintenance. 2.0 General a. Existing vegetation that are worthy and suitable for preservation should be properly preserved wherever practicable. The existing vegetation to be retained or transplanted should be properly protected during construction stage in accordance with the approved Tree Preservation and Removal Proposal (TPRP). Relevant guidelines or technical circular on tree preservation during development promulgated by the DEVB should be followed. b. Greening opportunity should be optimized to mitigate the impact of the works and to provide a green setting, subject to meeting geotechnical and safety requirements. c. For new planting, a plant selection with priority given to native species and plants preferably with aesthetic/ seasonal interest that adapts well to the site conditions and match with surrounding context should be provided to achieve a sustainable and aesthetically pleasing vegetation cover when established. Plants requiring intensive maintenance requirements should be avoided as far as possible. d. Planting on slope is generally assumed to be self-sustainable after the establishment period and does not require irrigation. For planting at all other location types such as planters on slope berm and planters within expressway boundary, simple automatic irrigation systems should be provided and an irrigation proposal should be submitted to LandscapeD/HyD for agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Proceedings
    BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS 2014 International Camellia Congress PONTEVEDRA–SPAIN From March 11 to March 15, 2014 Book of Proceedings 2014 International Camellia Congress. Pontevedra, Spain. From March 11 to March 15, 2014 Published / Desing / Develope by Deputación de Pontevedra, Spain Deposito legal: PO 602-2014 ISBN: AE-2014-14013640 PRESENTATION 2014 Pontevedra International Camellia Congress The city of Pontevedra, an important camellia producer, will host this world-renowned event organized by the Deputación de Pontevedra (Provincial Government of Ponteve- dra) through the Rías Baixas Tourist Board and the Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro. The Congress is also supported by the Xunta de Galicia (Regional Government of Galicia), the University of Santiago de Compostela, the National Research Council and the Juana de Vega Foundation. The Congress will be an important forum for the discussion and presentation of works on the different fields related to the camellia plant; touristic, artistic, plastic and botanic, and its uses and applications, combining scientific sessions and visits to the historic -gar dens in Pontevedra province. The aim of this congress will be to exchange and transfer the results of the camellia research and its products among the participating countries so as to develop and enjoy our natural resources. This event will be pioneer since it is the first time that a camellia congress is held in Spain. The Rías Baixas in the Pontevedra province are a camellia garden that brings colour and 1 light to our autumns, winters and springs in streets, squares, gardens, castles and mon- asteries. In this region, the camellias are magnificent trees of amazing beauty.
    [Show full text]
  • THEACEAE 1. Subfam. THEOIDEAE
    THEACEAE 山茶科 shan cha ke Min Tianlu (闵天禄 Ming Tien-lu)1; Bruce Bartholomew2 Shrubs or trees, evergreen or rarely deciduous, usually bisexual, rarely dioecious (Eurya) or androdioecious (Ternstroemia). Stipules absent. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate or rarely sessile; leaf blade secondary veins pinnate, margin usually serrate or rarely entire. Flowers axillary or subterminal, solitary or sometimes to 3(–10 or more) in a cluster or raceme, pedicellate or subsessile. Bracteoles 2–8 or rarely more, persistent or caducous, sometimes undifferentiated from sepals. Sepals 5(or 6) or rarely more, persistent. Corolla white, red, or yellow; petals 5 or rarely more, basally connate or rarely distinct, adnate to androecium. Stamens numerous, in 1–6 whorls; outer filaments basally ± connate; anthers dorsifixed or basifixed, 2-loculed, laterally and longitudinally dehiscent. Gynoecium 3–5-carpellate. Carpels connate or rarely incompletely connate to nearly distinct. Ovary superior, rarely half inferior, 3–5-loculed, placentation axile or rarely nearly basal; ovules 2–5(to ca. 100) or more per locule; styles distinct to basally connate, rarely completely united. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or indehiscent and drupaceous or baccate, with 1 to many seeds per locule; pericarp woody, leathery, or fleshy; columella persistent or ± degenerating. Seeds globose, semiglobose, compressed oblong, ovoid, or reniform, winged or wingless; testa bony, leathery, or sometimes with a fleshy red outer layer or sarcotesta (in Anneslea and Ternstroemia), smooth or honeycombed; hilum umbilicate or linear; endosperm present or absent; embryo large or small; cotyledons fleshy or thin. About 19 genera and 600 species: tropical and subtropical Africa, tropical America, E, S, and SE Asia, SE North America, Pacific islands; 12 genera (two endemic) and 274 species (204 endemic) in China.
    [Show full text]