Gardens 390 Forge Road Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818
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The American HORTICULTURAL Magazine winter 1971 / volume 50 / number 1 50th Anniversary Edition Journal of the American Horticultural Society, Inc. 2401 CALVERT STREET, N.W. / WASHINGTON, D. c. 20008 For United Horticulture . The particular objec.ts and business of the American Horticultural Society are to promote and encourage national in·terest in scientific research and education in horticulture in all of its branches. 1970-71 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (*) President Treasurer DR. DAVID G. LEACH (1971) MR. JOHN M. PATEK (1972) 1674 Trinity Road President North Madison, Ohio 44057 Color Data, Inc. 434 Mount Airy Drive First Vice President Rochester, New York 14617 MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD (1973) Director, Pennsylvania Member of the Board Horticultural Society DR. HENRY M. CATHEY (1973) 325 Walnut Street Leader, Ornamental Investigations Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Agricultural Research Service Second Vice President U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705 MR. FREDERICK J. CLOSE (1971) 6189 Shore Drive Immediate Past President North Madison, Ohio 44057 MR. FRED C. GALLE (1971) (U) Secretary Director of Horticulture DR. GEORGE H. M. LAWRENCE (1971) Callaway Gardens 390 Forge Road Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 MR. O. KEISTER EVANS Executive Director Washington, D . C. (.) Members of the 1970-71 Board of Directors per bylaw provision. ( ... ) Ex officio, and without vote. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is the official publication of The American Horticultural Society and is issued during the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall quarters. The magazine is included as a benefit of membership in The American Horticultural Society, individual membership dues being $15.00 a year. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers which increase knowledge of plant materials of economic and aesthetic importance are invited. For manuscript specifications, please address the chairman of the Edi torial Committee. Second class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland and at additional mailing offices. Copy right © 1970 by The American Hortioultural Society, Inc. The opinions expressed in the articles which appear in The American HOTticultural Magazine are those of the authors and are- not necessarily those of the Society. They are presented as contributions to contemporary thought. 1970-71 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MR. VINCENT K. BAILEY, (1971) DR. FREDERICK G. MEYER, (1971) DR. NEIL W. STUART, (1971) Public Relations Research Botanist in Charge Plant Physiologist Bailey NUISeries, Inc. of Herbarium Crops Research Division 1325 Bailey Road U. S. National Arboretum Agricultural Research Service St. Paul, ,Minnesota 55119 Washington, D. C. 20002 U. S. Department of Agriculutre MRS . ERNESTA D. BALLARD, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (1973) MR, ,BRIAN O. MULLIGAN, (1971) Director Director, Pennsylvania Horti- DR. HAROLD B. TUKEY, SR., cultural Society University of Washington (1971) 325 Walnut Street Arboretum Seattle, Washington 98105 Professor Emeritus Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Michigan State University DR. HENRY M. CATHEY, (1973) The Maples MR. JO SE PH W. OPPE, (1973) Leader, Ornamental Investiga- Woodland, Michigan 48897 tions Director Agricultural Research Service Arthur Hoyt Scott Foundation U.S. Department of Agriculture Swarthmore College MR. EARL E. VALLOT, (1972) Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 Owner.. Manager MRS. ERASTUS CORNING, II. Grandview Nursery MR. JOHN M. PATEK, (1972) (1972) R. F. D. Box 44 President Box 431 Youngsville, Louisiana 70592 Color Data, Incorporated Albany, New York 12201 434 Mount Airy Drive DR. RICHARD A. HOWARD, (1973) Rochester, New York 14617 Director, Arnold Arboretum of DR. FRED B. WIDMOYER, (1972) Harvard University Head, Department of MR. WI1.LIAM A. P. PULLMAN, J amaica Plain, Massachusetts Horticulture (1972) New Mexico State University, 02130 700 Mayflower Road Box 530 MR. EDWARD P. HUME, (1971) Lake Forest, Illinois 60045 Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001 Horticulturist Southern Illinois University DR. LEON C. S:,>/YDER, (1972) Edwardsville, Illinois 62025 Head MR. ROBERT P. WINTZ, (1973) MR. CLARENCE E. LEWIS, (1973) Department of Horticultural Executive Director Professor of Horticulture Science Chicago Horticultural Society Michigan State University University of Minnesota 116 South Michigan, Room 400 East Lansing, Michigan 48823 St. Paul. Minnesota 55101 Chicago, Illinois 60602 PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY Per bylaw provision (1969) , past presidents of the Society are members of the Board of Directors- ex officio and without vote. DR. FRED O. COE DR. DAVID VICTOR LUMSDEN DR. FREEMAN A. WEISS (President 1949-1952) (President 1942-1947) (President 1952-1953) P. O. Box 697 3296 Gleneagles Drive 1240 Raymond Way Ross, California 94957 Silver Spring, Maryland 20906 Charleston, South Carolina 29407 DR. DO NOVAN S. CORRELL DR. RUSSELL .T . SEIBERT (President 1956-1957) (President 1963-1965) DR. RICHARD p, WHITE Texas Research Foundation Director, Longwood Gardens (President 1%0·1961) Renner, Texas 75079 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 5367 28th Street N. W. 19348 Washington, D. C. 20015 DR. JOHN L. CREECH DR. HENRY T. SKINNER (president 1953-1956) (President 1962-1963) New Crops Research Branch, Director, U. S, National DR. DONALD WYMAN Plant Industry Station, Arboretum (President 1961-62) U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington. D. C. 20002 51 Ballardvale Road Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Andover, Massachusetts 01810 MR. JOH N H . WALKER MR. FRED C. GALLE (President 1965·1967) (Presiden t 1967-1970) Executive Director MR. WILBUR H. YOUNGMAN Director of Horticulture The Society of American Florists (P residen t 1947·1948) Callaway Gardens 901 North Washington Street 12808 Meadowood Drive Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Silver Spring. Maryland 20904 1970-71 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chaimwn: Dr. Walter H. Hodge, 9515 E. Stanhope Rd., Dr. Frederick G. Meyer, Botanist in Charge Kensington, Maryland 20795 of the Herbarium, U.S. National Arboretum, Dr. George H. 1\<1. Lawrence, Director Emer Washington, D. C. 20002 itus, The Hunt Botanical Library, 390 Forge Road, P.O. Box 177, East Greenwich, Rhode Vice Chairman: Island 02818. Mrs. Elsa Uppman Knoll, Senior Editor, Dr. George H. M. Lawrence, Director, Hunt Sunset Magazine, Menlo Park, California Botanical Library, Carnegie-Mellon Univer 91025 sity, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Core Editors: National Capital Area Dr. Edwin A. Menninger, Horticultural Au· Dr. J. T. Baldwin, Jr., Professor of Biology, thor, Plant Explorer, Drawer 45, Stuart, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Florida 33494 Virginia 23185 Mr. Elvin McDonald, Garden Editor, House Dr. John L. Creech. Chief, New Crops Re· Beautiful, 717 Fifth Avenue, New York, New search Branch, Plant Industry Station, U.S. York 10022 Department of Agriculture, Beltsville. Mary· Dr. F. L. Steve O'Rourke, Professor Emeri land 20705 tus, Colorado State University, 2236 Frank Dr. L. L. Danielson. Leader, Weed Investi· lin Road, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80521 gations, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Mr. Victor H. Ries, Professor Emeritus, Ohio Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary· State University, 1241 Lincoln Road, Co· land 20705 lumbus, Ohio 43212 Mr. Robert B. Fisher, Horticulturist, The Dr. Sigmund L. Solymosy, Professor of Hor Mount Vernon Ladies Association, Mount ticulture, Department of Plant Industry, Vernon, Virginia 22121 University of Southwestern Louisiana, La Mr. Anthony R. Gould, Newsletter Editor, fayette, Louisiana 70501 Men's Garden Club of Montgomery County, Mr. Robert L. Ticknor, Associate Professor 6613 Elgin Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20034 of Horticulture, Oregon State University. Dr. Conrad B. Link, Professor of Horticul Aurora, Oregon 97002 ture, Universi.ty of Maryland, College Park, Dr. Harold B. Tukey, Sr., Professor Emeri· Maryland 20742 tus, Michigan State University, The Maples, Mr. Tom Stevenson, Washington Post-Los Woodland, Michigan 48897 Angeles Times News Service, Garden Col. umnist, 6900 Mornington Road, Baltimore, Dr. Donald P. Watson, Chairman, Depart· Maryland 21222 ment of Horticulture, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Miss Mary Stock, Landscape Architect, Stock Brothers Nursery, 10500 Boswell Lane, Rock· Dr. Fred B. Widmoyer, Head, Department of ville, Maryland 20854 Horticulture, New Mex.ico State University, Dr. Neil W. Stuart, Plant Physiologist, Crops Box 530, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88070 Research Division, Agricultural Research Mr. Joseph A. Witt, Assistant Director, Uni Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, versity of Washington Arboretum, Seattle, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Washington 98105 Mr. Wilbur H. Youngman, Garden Editor, Contributing Editors: Foreign The Washington Star, 12808 Meadowood Dr. William A. Cumming, Head, Orna Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 mentals and Fruit Crop Section, C.D.A. Re Contributing Editors: United States search Station, P.O. Box 30001, Morden, Manitoba, Canada Dr. John P. Baumgardt, Landscape Con Mr. Edmund de Rothschild, Internationll sultant, 3431 East 60th Street, Kansas City, l\fissouri 64130 Banker and Horticulturist, P.O. Box 185- New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, London E.C. Mr. R. Milton Carleton, R esearch Director, 4, England Growth Systems, Inc., Glenview, Illinois 60025 Mr. Julien Marnier·Lapostolle, Associate Dr. Fred W. Coe, Amateur Horticulturist,