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Banggai Cardinal Fish (Pterapogon Kauderni Kaumans, 1933)

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Banggai Cardinal Fish (Pterapogon Kauderni Kaumans, 1933) Banggai Cardinal Fish (Pterapogon kauderni Kaumans, 1933) Supapong Pattarapongpan SEAFDEC/TD, Thailand Outline • Proposal • Taxonomy • Distribution Range • Ecology • Biology • Status and Trends • Threats • Utilization and Trades • Legal Instruments • Species Management Proposal • Inclusion of Pterapogon kauderni in Appendix II, in accordance with Article II, paragraph 2(a) of the Convention and Satisfying Criteria A and B in Annex 2a of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP16) • Proposed by The European Union and its Member States Taxonomy Actinopterygii Perciformes Apogonidae Pterapogon P. kauderni, Kaumans 1933 Common Name: Banggai Cardinal Fish Taxonomy (Diagnostic Characteristics) Second spine Body silvery with tasseled and rays of 3 distinct dark dorsal and anal fins bars elongate Caudal deeply forked 8 cm. in max Small white spot total length along body and fins Distribution Range This species was an endemic species for Banggai Island and related area about 23 square km. (Vagelli, 2015) Ecology • This fish live in shallow water ranged 0.5 – 16 m., several habitat ▫ sea grass bed (Enhalus acoroides) ▫ sea urchin (Diadema setosum) ▫ sea anemones and ▫ mangrove forest • 8 – 9 fishes/ group, range between 3 – 20 fishes, several cohorts • Associated with other fish species Source: www.Classconnection/s3/ ▫ Damselfish (Pomacentids) amazonaws.com/650/flashcards/2696650.jpg/ apogonidae/21363063529238.jpg ▫ crown fish (Amphiprion spp.) and ▫ other Apogonids Ecology (Cont.) • Diurnal fish • Carnivore ▫ Planktontivore as copepods, demersal plankton ▫ Small benthic fauna and ▫ Icthyoplankton (Fish larvae) • Or depend on each habitat Ecology (Cont.) P. kauderni in various habitat Biology Parameters Information References L∞ (cm.) 6.9 ± 0.16 IUCN Red List, 2008 Lm (cm.) 4.0 cm. Fishbase, 2004 K (from von 0.21 ± 0.016 IUCN Red List, 2008 Bertalanffy) (1/yr) 0.74 Fishbase, 2004 Fecundity (eggs/ 12 – 73 eggs Vagelli, 1999; Vagelli and mother) Volpedo, 2004; Vagelli, 2011 Longevity (year) 2.4 years in Vagelli and Volpedo, 2004; natural and 3 – 5 Vagelli, 2011; Fishbase, years in captivity 2004 Age at maturity (year) 0.8 year Fishbase, 2004 Currently status Endangered IUCN Red List, 2008 Biology (Cont.) - (above) Juvenile live with D. setosum - (right) The mouth brooding present in male Status and Trends • P. kauderni was an Endangered species by IUCN Red List • It’s suffered about 90% reduction in abundance, due to the overexploitation for aquarium trade • The virtual extinction of some subpopulation, result show that they’re unable to recovering Status and Trends Year Census site Groups/site Mean group Density size 2007 Banggai 4 62 12.5 0.15 2015 Banggai 4 18 18.5 0.07 2007 Bangkuru 5 38 28.4 0.19 2015 Bangkuru 5 13 19.4 0.05 2007 Bangkuru 6 19 55.3 0.218 2015 Bangkuru 6 41 15.2 0.13 2007 Bokan 49 23.5 0.23 2015 Bokan 41 13 0.11 2007 Labobo 25 20.6 0.1 2015 Labobo 14 2.4 0.01 2007 Seku E 47 10.2 0.1 2015 Seku E 28 6.9 0.04 Threats § International marine ornamental trade § Food chain destruction (Human activities) § Harvesting benthic invertebrate (sea urchin, sea anemone) § Destructive fishing gear and practices § The loss of habitat (Main issues: coral degradation) § Human activities: Coastal development § Natural: Climate change, freshwater runoff, earthquake Utilization and Trade § National utilization § Prior late of 1990, Local communities had not depended on capture and trade § Legal trade § Report to destine for US and EU in live § Top 10 Export to US since 2004 § Parts Derivative in trade § Live specimen § Illegal trade § Fishers outside Bunggai island § Actual or potential trade impact >> § Result to population decline by over-collection for international ornamental fish trade. Legal Instrument § National ▫ Indonesia, P. kauderni is not the protected species under Government Regulation No. 7/1999 on Preservation of Wild Flora and Fauna § International ▫ P. kauderni was included in Annex D of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 318/2008 in Apr 2008 ▫ Commission Regulation (EU) No. to 1320/2014 Species Management § Management Measures § Banggai Cardinalfish Action Plan (BCF-AP)(2007 – 2012), included the establishment of Banggai Cardinalfish Center (BCFC), Banggai Island; § Conservation within the Indonesian National Coral Triangle Initiative Plan; and Marine Protected Area (MPA) § However, no integrate monitoring system and lack of data set, no operational budget (Operate by voluntary basis) § Trade quota proposed but it was not continued due to lack of legal support. § Survey on local management and conservation in year 2015, result found that no coordinate and effective conservation program has been implemented since IUCN red list in 2007. § No establishment of MPA in year 2015 and the fisheries of P. kauderni was not being tracked by local authorities Species Management § Population monitoring § Specific activities outlined in Indonesia ‘s NPOA for CTI included population assessment and monitoring trade § No comprehensive monitoring system had been implemented, few types of data have been collected § Control Measures § International level; none, through imports into EU are monitored § Domestic level; § In 1995 Prohibit the collection of ornamental fishes without a government permit was issued for Banggai District § All trade on P. kauderni was reported to be required by law to go through Fish Quarantine procedures Species Management § Captive Breeding and Artificial Propagation § Hardly in Captive Breeding § Large scale aquaculture and captive breeding in Thailand were reported since 2012 § Habitat Conservation § Prohibit on chemical and explosive catches § The MPA consisting of 10 islands was declared with conservation of P. kauderni since year 2007 § But still not yet have been implemented and that there was no MPA management plan § Safeguard § Frozen Ark Project, the saving program for genetic material of imperiled species Species Management § Information on similar species § None § Consultation § The supports on strengthen the efforts for consecration of fish was welcome. § Indonesia viewpoints that species should not deserver a CITES Listing § Additional remarks § List of P. kauderni in CITES appendix II which was submitted to CoP14 was withdrawn § Based on literature review from 2004 – 2013, Ndobe and Moore (2013b) found that P. kauderni fulfilled all 5 criteria e.g. endangered; rare; restricted range (endemic); sharp decline in wild population(s); and low reproductive capacity for limited protect status under provision of Law PP No.60/2007 Species Management § Additional remarks (cont.) § In 2014 Under the review of US-NMFS, this species was listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Species was at moderate risk of extinction § Subsequent a proposed listing as and endanger species under ESA ub 2014 § As status “Threatened” under ESA in 2016 END of PRESENTATION.
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