A Review of Extra-Articular Prosthetic Stabilization of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Stifle C
Review Article © Schattauer 2011 167 A review of extra-articular prosthetic stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle C. A. Tonks; D. D. Lewis; A. Pozzi University of Florida, Comparative Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, USA Introduction (17, 18). The screw-home mechanism is a Keywords term used to describe the cranial (gliding) Cranial cruciate ligament, extra-articular, Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) insuffi- and external rotation (sliding) motion the lateral circumfabellar-tibial suture ciency is a common cause of hindlimb tibia undergoes relative to the femur as the Summary lameness in dogs that can precipitate me- stifle is extended (19). This phenomenon, Extra-articular prosthetic stabilization tech- niscal injury and inevitably incites osteoar- which has been comprehensively described niques have been used as a method of stabi- thritis (OA) of the stifle (1, 2). Adult, large in the human knee, is also thought to occur lization of the cranial cruciate ligament breed dogs are most frequently affected by in the dog’s stifle (17–21). (CrCL)-deficient stifle for decades. During CrCL insufficiency with Rottweilers, New- Multiple studies have evaluated the ef- foundlands, and American Staffordshire fects of CrCL insufficiency on stifle bio- extra-articular prosthetic stabilization, the prosthesis is anchored to the femur and Terriers being over represented breeds mechanics, kinematics, and gait (21–25). (3–5). Although the risk for CrCL insuffi- Cranial cruciate ligament deficiency alters tibia, and tensioned in the attempt to resolve femorotibial instability. The position of the ciency increases with age,many large breed stifle and hindlimb kinematics resulting in anchor points of the prosthesis is crucial for dogs sustain CrCL insufficiency in young cranial tibial translation, increased internal restoring a normal range of joint motion and adulthood (3–5).
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