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Choultries (Chattrams) Under the Marathas Rulers of Thanjavur Region

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Choultries (Chattrams) Under the Marathas Rulers of Thanjavur Region The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 Choultries (Chattrams) under the Marathas Rulers of Thanjavur Region T. SATHIYABAMA Ph.D. Research scholar Department of History Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608002 Tamil Nadu Cell : 9994878348 Historical Background in Thanjavur Region:- Thanjavur the Royal City of the Great Cholas, the Nayakas and Marathas which is one of the big towns in the State of Tamil Nadu and is situated on the main road of the Southern Railways, 351 K.m. South of Chennai. It considered being one of the oldest towns in the country having more than 200 years of its historical background. It is situated amidst the vast deltaic tract of the Cauvery known as the granary of South India. As the capital of the successive ancient Hindu Dynasties and in all ages one of the Chief Political, Literary and Religious Centre of South India this town is full of interesting associations. During the Nayakas period, the Kumbakonam region including Darassuram was considered as an important area . In the middle of the 17th century availing of the internal feuds between the Nayakas of Thanjavur and Madurai Venkanna, the Rayasam of Alagri sought the help of the Sultan of Bijapur for placing Sengamaladas at Nayak of Thanjavur.1The sultan sent Ekoji, son of Shahji, who had been stationed at Bangalore to proceed against Thanjavur, Ekoji defeated Alagiri and installed Sengamaladas as a ruler of Thanjavur. For that he Ekoji got revenues of following taluks namely Kumbakonam including Darasuram Papanasam and Mannarkudi .The nayakas of Thanjavur were succeeded by the Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2019 Page No:950 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 marathas of Thanjavur. The Marathas Ruled the thanjavur region including darasuram continuously some years. Hyder Ali defeated he Maratha king Tuljaji and his country was looted by him. The area of Kumbakonam and Darasuram was severely damaged due to this invasion. After the laspse of some years, serfoji come to power. As serfoji did not get sufficient training to ruler the country he worte a letter requesting the governor-genaral Wellesley to relieve him from the official duty. Accordingly lord Wellesely ordered to annex Thanjavur into the madras province in AD 1799. According to an agreement he surrendered all his civil and S military powers to the British except his palace in which he lived with the right over certain temples. The Temples that remained directly under the Marathas rules by the treaty of 1799 under 102 including Darasuram temple. But the place Darasuram was under direct administration of the British East india company.2 This article deals with Choultries (Chattram) unter the Rulers of Thanjavur Region.3One of the special features of the Maratha rulers of Thanjavur was the establishment of a number of Hindu Temples and native charity houses known as “Chattrams” or “Choultries”. No one can find so many such institutions, in any other place other than Thanjavur during Maratha rulers reign. Between the years 1743 and 1837, the Maratha rulers of Thanjavur founded a number of “Chattrams” for the accommodation of the travelers on the main road to Rameswaram. Most of these Chattrams are named after the ladies of the places, e.g., a mother, wife, sister or a favorite of some of the Rajas4. The Purpose for which the Chattrams were founded:- Raja Sarfoji 5had detailed the purpose for which the Chattrams were founded in a letter to the British Resident. “The charitable institutions are numerous along the road to Rameswaram and forty thousand persons from all parts of India, from Benaras, Gudh, Delhi, Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2019 Page No:951 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 Aurangabad and Poona passes and repasts every year. For the accommodation of these travelers principally, the Chattrams have been established and to each of them a pagodas, choultries and schools are annexed. 6All travelers from the Brahman to the Pariya inclusive Pilgrims are fed with boiled and unboiled rice. The travelers who may be unable to proceed on their journey are fed as long as they remain at the chattram. In each chattram, a teacher to each the four Vedas is appointed and a school master and doctors skilful in the cure of diseases, swellings and the poison of reptiles. Travellers who fall sick at the chattram or before their arrival receive medicines and the diet proper for them and are attended with respect and kindness till their recovery.” Pratap Singh built a chattram in honour of his queen Yamunambal at Needamangalam in 1761.7An Agraharam consisting of 24 houses arose there and 17 acres of land was given as Sarvamanyas to each house by him. Serfoji II had a concubine, muktambal by name, who was survived by two children. The king who loved her to the core built chattram in her name at orathanadu. This is known as muktambal chattram. Regarding the cause fer the founding of this chattrams, there is also information found in the inscription. The Thanjavur district alone there are eighteen choultries constructed by the Maratha rulers from time to time and richly endowed. Then important chattram was nine namely below.8 Rajakumara Boi Anna Chattram:- Rajakumara Boi chattram9 at Surakkottai was founded by Tukkoji alias Tulaja I. Along with this cattram the temples were built by him. Since Tukkoji alias Tulaja I had a wife named Rajakumara Boi, this old chattram might have been founded by Tukkoji.10 Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2019 Page No:952 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 Vennar Chattram or Lakshmi Rajapuram Chattram:- In 1749 Vennar chattram at Thanjavur was founded by Raja Pratap Singh. A ready mony allowance of Rs. 4,200 is made annually from the government treasury. It possesses also a small garden, yielding on the whole an annual income of Rs. 194. Droupadambapuram Chattram:- At Manamelkudi Droupadambapuram chattram was founded by Raja Pratap Singh in honors of his Queen 11Droupedamba Boi in the year 1752. It possesses an endowment consisting of five villages and several detached pieces of land and gardens, yielding on the whole an annual income of Rs. 8, 538. Under the sanction of government, a dispensary and a school with a Sanskrit class were attached to it.12 A pool and Sri Viswanathaswamy temple were also attached to this cattram. The village Keelakkatur was bought by paying 850 chakrams for this chattram in 1827. Yamunambapuram Chattram:- Yaamunambapuram Chattram was founded by Pratap Singh in honors of his Queen Yamuna Boi in the year 1761 at Nidamangalam. Nidamangalam was also known as Yamunambapuram. This is a large and beautiful edifice and richly endowed. It possesses an endowment consisting of four villages13 and several detached pieces of land and gardens yielding on the whole an annual income of Rs. 13.717. This chattram has also a dispensary and a school with a Sanskrit class attached to it. Kasiviswanatha Swami Mahamandabam which was built in 1797 and the Ramasami temple were also brought under the control of this chattram. Vedas were taught in this chattram14. Rajakumarambapuram Chattram:- Rajakumarambapuram Chattram was founded by Tuljaji alias Tulaja II in honor of his mother Rajakumaramba Boi in the year 1773 15at Mimisal. It Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2019 Page No:953 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 possesses an endowment consisting of twenty one villages and several detached pieces of land and gardens, 16yielding on the whole an annual income of Rs. 11.634. This chattram has also a school with a Sanskrit class attached to it. But there was more information to note that Rajakumaramba Boi was the queen of Tuljaji. In 1778 the temple of kalyana Ramaswami was built near this chattram. For the poojas of the temple 2100 chakrams and land were donated. For the purpose of this chattram, the villages of Alathur, Valivayal, Thalanur, Mimisal alsong with Avudaiyarkudi Sothriyan also were granted to Rajakumaramba Boi17. Sakwarambapuram Chattram:- This was founded by Sakwaramba Boi, queen of Tuljaji in the year 1776 at Ammachattram in Kumbakonam taluk. 18It possesses an endowment consisting of one village and several detached pieces of land and gardens yielding on the whole an annual income of Rs. 9, 760. To meet the various expenses of the chattram, namely 3, 300 chakrams for Moin, 2, 600 chakrams to give food for 100 Brahmines, 5,028 chakrams for Thaneerpandal and daily expenses, the village Theeperumanallur was granted as Sarvamanyam. Mohanambalpuram Chattrams:- In the year 1783 this chattram founded by Raja Tuljaji in honor of his Queen mohanambal Boi at Rajamadam. It possesses an endowment consisting of ten villages and several detached pieces of land, gardens, yielding on the whole an annual income of Rs. 26. 676. This chattram has also a dispensary and a school with a Sanskrit class attached to it. This chattram was also known as Rajamadam chattram.19 Sulakshnambapuram Chattram:- This chattram was founded by Raja Tuljaji in honor of his queen Sulakshnamaba Boi the year 1784 at Velangulam in Pattukkottai20 Taluk. It possess an endowment consisting of twelve villages and several detached pieces of Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2019 Page No:954 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 land and gardens yielding on the whole and annual income of Rs. 13,745. A pool situated within the limits of Agraharam was bought for 500 chakrams and left under the care of the chattram From the records, we came to know that from Muthuppettai revenue 3,665 chakrams had enspent for the repair work of this chattram in 1784.
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