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Shoeburyness Coastal Management Scheme Non- Technical Study
Shoeburyness Coastal Management Scheme Non- Technical Study Southend-on-Sea Borough Council This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it. The consultant has followed accepted procedure in providing the services but given the residual risk associated with any prediction and the variability which can be experienced in flood conditions, the consultant takes no liability for and gives no warranty against actual flooding of any property (client’s or third party) or the consequences of flooding in relation to the performance of the service. This report has been prepared for the purposes of informing the Shoeburyness Flood and Erosion Risk Management Scheme only. Shoeburyness Coastal Management Scheme 2 Contents Introduction 4 Aim of Document 4 Shoeburyness Coastal Management Scheme Area 5 The Need for Action 6 Key Issues for the Frontage 6 Section 1: Thorpe Bay Yacht Club to the groyne between the beachs huts on the beach and those on the promenade 6 Section 2: The groyne between the beach and those on the promenade to the H.M.Coastguard 6 Section 3: HM.Coastguard Station to World War 2 Quick Fire Battery 6 Flood and Erosion Risk 7 Flood Risk 7 Erosion Risk 7 Current Risks 7 Managing Impacts on the Environment 8 Designated Areas 8 Coastal Squeeze 8 Environmental Report 8 Appraisal Process 9 Task 1: Long List of Options 10 Task 2: Develop the Short List of Options 10 1. -
Pleistocene Interglacial Sea-Levels on the Island of Alderney, Channel
Read at the Annual Conference of the Ussher Society, January 1997 PLEISTOCENE INTERGLACIAL SEA-LEVELS ON THE ISLAND OF ALDERNEY, CHANNEL ISLANDS H.C.L. JAMES James, H.C.L. 1997. Pleistocene interglacial sea-levels on the island of Alderney, Channel Islands. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 9, 173-176. Brief references to raised beaches and associated phenomena on Alderney are reviewed in a historical context. More recent surveys by officers of the Institute of Geological Sciences demonstrated a series of raised beaches on Alderney within the context of the Channel Islands. This paper includes recently discovered sections which have been surveyed laterally and altitudinally. At least two distinct former sea-levels have been identified. H.C.L. James, Department of Science and Technology Education, The University of Reading, Bulmershe Court, Earley, Reading, Berkshire. RG6 1HY. BACKGROUND The earliest reference to raised beaches in Alderney appears in a Geological report to the Guernsey Society in 1894 (De la Mare, 1895). This was followed by Mourant's classic descriptions of evidence for former sea-levels in the Channel Islands (1933) including Alderney. Elhai (1963), using numerous published reports from the main Channel Islands' Societies, incorporated further descriptions of the Quaternary deposits within a broader consideration of the adjoining Normandy coast. More comprehensive recent reports on Pleistocene deposits on the island of Alderney appeared in Keen (1978). James (1989, 1990) added further sites and descriptions of low level raised beaches and suggested geochronological links with those of south-west England. RECENT WORK Keen's report for the Institute of Geological Sciences (1978) largely contained brief accounts of the location of raised beaches on Alderney within the context of his proposed three groups according to their height range (Figure 1) based on earlier work by Mourant (1933) and Zeuner (1959). -
Period Summaries
Period summaries Palaeolithic – 450,000-12,000 BC Research over the past two decades has seen Sussex transformed from a backwater of the British Palaeolithic to an area of regional and global significance (Pope 2003). Analysis of raised beach deposits, terrestrial land-surfaces and periglacial gravels has indicated that they may preserve a record of climatic and environmental change over the past half a million years. Large areas of intact Pleistocene land-surface have been revealed by excavation that preserve traces of hominid tool production and a wide range of palaeo- environmental and faunal data. These discoveries underline the potential for the Palaeolithic period for the AONB, even though so far finds from this period are sparse (Fig 3). The raised beaches in Sussex are a series of wave-cut steps forming the coastal plain at the base of the South Downs. Isostatic uplift during the past 500,000 years has preserved ancient archaeological, environmental and palaeontological remains from marine erosion. As a result, the Sussex Coastal Plain is internationally important for the Palaeolithic period. To understand the relevance of this for the AONB, the wider context is outlined below. The Goodwood-Slindon Raised Beach is the highest of the series of Pleistocene marine deposits at 40m above sea level. Its east-west course across the Sussex Coastal Plain and possibly continuing into Hampshire has been traced for over 20km between Arundel and Funtington. Mineral extraction around Chichester has exposed the Goodwood-Slindon Raised Beach in a number of places. Stone tools have been recovered from the deposits, some unrolled suggesting they were in situ and had not been redeposited by wave action. -
Survey of the Extent of Human-Induced Beach Erosion Problems in Tanzania
Survey of the extent of human-induced beach erosion problems in Tanzania Item Type Proceedings Paper Authors Nyandwi, N. Citation Richmond, MD and Francis, J. (Ed). Marine Sciences Development in Tanzania and Eastern Africa. Proceeding of the 20th Anniversary Conference. p.121-129 Download date 27/09/2021 01:38:04 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/821 Survey of the extent of human-induced beach erosion problems in Tanzania N. Nyandwi Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 668 Zanzibar, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ABSTRACT An assessment of the coastal erosion problems along selected stretches around the Zanzibar coastline as well as along the mainland coastline of Tanzania, indicated a significant contribution to the problem by human activities. During the study, 56 eroding beaches were examined to assess the extent of anthropogenic activities to the problem. Human-induced erosion was observed at nine sites. By interfering with natural processes, human activities either initiated erosion or enhanced its rate. The activities identified fall into three categories namely, removal of beach material, removal of the protection against wave battering and obstruction of sediment supply. The observed human-induced erosion has occurred as a negative effect resulting from poor understanding of the natural processes. It was found that sand extraction from the beach for road construction was taking place on Zanzibar because many thought that beach sand is more needed for the roads than it is for the stability of the beach itself. Similarly, mangroves are being cleared in front of newly constructed tourist hotels because the developers are mainly concerned with having a clear view to the sea and absence of mangrove leaf litter to improve the hotel site aesthetics. -
Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 126 BYERS PENINSULA, LIVINGSTON ISLAND, SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS
Measure 4 (2016) Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 126 BYERS PENINSULA, LIVINGSTON ISLAND, SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS Introduction The primary reason for the designation of Byers Peninsula (latitude 62°34'35" S, longitude 61°13'07" W), Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) is to protect the terrestrial and lacustrine habitats within the Area. Byers Peninsula was originally designated as Specially Protected Area (SPA) No. 10 through Recommendation IV-10 in 1966. This area included the ice-free ground west of the western margin of the permanent ice sheet on Livingston Island, below Rotch Dome, as well as Window Island about 500 m off the northwest coast and five small ice-free areas on the south coast immediately to the east of Byers Peninsula. Values protected under the original designation included the diversity of plant and animal life, many invertebrates, a substantial population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), small colonies of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella), and the outstanding scientific values associated with such a large variety of plants and animals within a relatively small area. Designation as an SPA was terminated through Recommendation VIII-2 and redesignation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) was made through Recommendation VIII-4 (1975, SSSI No. 6). The new designation as an SSSI more specifically sought to protect four smaller ice-free sites on the peninsula of Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary and fossiliferous strata, considered of outstanding scientific value for study of the former link between Antarctica and other southern continents. Following a proposal by Chile and the United Kingdom, the SSSI was subsequently extended through Recommendation XVI-5 (1991) to include boundaries similar to those of the original SPA: i.e. -
The Algal Ridges and Coral Reefs of St
THE ALGAL RIDGES AND CORAL REEFS OF ST. CROIX their structure and Holocene development Walter H. Ady [Converted to electronic format by Damon J. Gomez (NOAA/RSMAS) in 2003. Copy available at the NOAA Miami Regional Library. Minor editorial changes were made.] THE ALGAL RIDGES AND CORAL REEFS OF ST . CROIX their structure and Holocene development 1 by Walter H . Adey 2/ ABSTRACT The shallow coral reef and algal ridge systems on the eastern shelf of St . Croix are described and mapped in some detail . Based on present reef morphology, a section through the barrier reef in a ship channel, numerous sand probes and C 14 dating, Holocene growth patterns of the reefs are determined and a model of Holocene evolution developed . Based on many drill cores through the algal ridges, C14 dating and paleoecolo- gy relative to modern ridge and reef surfaces on St . Croix, growth patterns during the late Holocene are also developed for the algal ridges . Lithophyllum congestum, Porolithon pachydermum, and several Neo- goniolithon species are the primary algal ridge builders on St . Croix . L . congestum requires turbulent water and high light intensity to achieve the branching form which characterizes its occurrence in the algal ridges . Also, coralline accretion rates of 3-6 mm/year necessary for ridge con- struction are achieved only if intensive parrot fish and Diadema grazing are prevented by consistent and intensive wave action . A dead coral surface or pavement at a depth of 0 to 2 m, will be colonized by crustose corallines and in turbulent water, can develop progressively by coralline algal accretion into an incipient mound, a high boiler and eventually by boiler fusion, into a linear algal .riidge . -
The Coast; the Persistent Influence of the Sea Dominates This Landscape Character Type
Landscape Character Area: Cliffs of the North and South East coasts Landscape character type: The Coast; the persistent influence of the sea dominates this landscape character type. The landscape fluctuates between sandy beaches and dunes, to rocky headlands and sheer cliffs. Overview Along the entirety of the northern shoreline of Banff & Buchan, and on the eastern coast south of Peterhead, the coastal strip is dominated by cliff- edged headlands, frequently fissured and bitten into narrow inlets and, more rarely, hugging sheltered sandy bays. Despite the physical restrictions of this narrow rocky coastline, the overall impression is of an open, large-scale landscape, the wide expanses of sea and sky merging into one at the uninterrupted horizon line. Cliffs of the North and South East Coasts Location: Key Landscape Features Sensitivity This character area is of increased landscape sensitivity due to the characteristics described below. This area is coincident with what was historically identified as an Area of Landscape Significance. Landform High headlands give way to sheer cliffs, pitted by waves and shattering into jagged reefs. Cliff edged headlands are frequently fissured and bitten into by narrow inlets and more rarely hugging sheltered sandy bays such as Cruden and Sandend. South of Peterhead the sea has gnawed the pink granite into a ragged coastline of highly sculpted and fractured cliffs, broken reefs and dramatic features such as the Bullers of Buchan blowhole. The cliffs of the northern coastline are relatively cohesive and form a more defined edge to the headlands compared to those on the east shore. Vegetation Short creeping grasses and occasional wind pruned gorse bushes on cliff faces. -
Marine Gold Placers Along the Gulf of Alaska Margin
iCIl SURVEY NOV 1 i Marine Gold Placers Along the Gulf of Alaska Margin GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1415 O z O H X w O G r Or c-o Marine Gold Placers Along the Gulf of Alaska Margin By ERK REIMNITZ and GEORGE PLAFKER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1415 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 76-608199 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02850-6 CONTENTS Page Abstract ___________________________________.._____ 1 Introduction _____________________________________ 1 Geologic setting ___________ __ ____ 4 Bedrock _________________________________ ._____. 4 Unconsolidated surficial deposits ______-________ ____ 5 Placer gold sources ____________________________ 6 Marine environment ____________________________________ 7 Methods of investigation ________ ___ ____ ______ _. 8 Results and their interpretation _____________ __ 9 Offshore heavy-metal potential _._. ____ --_-__ 10 A new look at modern beach placers _-__ __-_ 12 Conclusions ___________________ _____________ _. 13 References cited _______________________________ ___ 14 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Generalized geology and placer gold sampling localities, Gulf of Alaska ___ ____________________ In pocket FIGURE 1. Location map_______ ________________________ 2 III MARINE GOLD PLACERS ALONG THE GULF OF ALASKA MARGIN By ERK REIMNITZ and GEORGE PLAFKER ABSTRACT Fifty-five beach samples, collected along the Gulf of Alaska between Dry Bay and Prince William Sound, were analyzed for their gold content in order (1) to gather information on gold placers in areas that have not been mined, such as the Copper River Delta, (2) to gather information needed in the search for placers on the adjacent continental shelf, and (3) to learn more about the occurrence and behavior of modern beach placers with a view toward enhancing their economic potential. -
MAGILLIGAN, NORTHERN IRELAND NS Robins British Geological
A CONCEPTUAL SNAPSOT OF A BIG COASTAL DUNE AQUIFER: MAGILLIGAN, NORTHERN IRELAND N. S. Robins British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK P. Wilson British Geological Survey, Dundonald House, Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast, BT4 3SB ABSTRACT The Magilligan sand spit dune field is situated on the eastern mouth of Lough Foyle in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is a large triangular-shaped site some 7 km by 4 km by 1.5 km wide (about 800 hectares) and maintains areas, particularly in the eastern part, with slacks that regularly flood in winter. The size of the system acts as a buffer to external drivers due to the large volume of groundwater stored, the longer travel distances and lower hydraulic gradients. However, unlike many other coastal dune sites with humid dune slacks in the British Isles the sand is not wholly underlain by silt and clay, as raised beach sand and gravel deposits are in contact with the sand aquifer in some places. A preliminary water balance suggests that the majority of the discharge from the sand aquifer occurs via the underlying raised beach deposits and only a small amount discharges directly from the sand aquifer beneath the foredunes. Available water level monitoring is skewed towards the wetter end of the dune system; no significant short-term water level trends are apparent. The data also indicate that recharge regularly takes place within the sand aquifer interspersed by periods of groundwater level recession. KEYWORDS Sand dune. Groundwater. Water budget. Dune slack. INTRODUCTION Coastal dune wetlands are widely distributed along the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts (Doody 2008). -
East Solent Shoreline Management Plan Stage 1
EAST SOLENT SHORELINE MANAGEMENT PLAN STAGE 1 Volume I The Open Coast Contents Page Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... I Contents.............................................................................................................................................................3 Glossary.............................................................................................................................................................4 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Strategic background............................ .........................................................................7 1.2 The SMP process............................................................................................................ 7 1.3 The East Solent S M P ......................................................................................................7 1.4 Report outline .................................................................................................................8 2 C on su ltatio n ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Consultees ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 -
Pleistocene Shells from the Raised Beach Deposits of the Red
544 R. Sullen Newton—Shells from Raised Beaches, Red Sea* Pliocene periods. It may have been shifted and incorporated in glacial drift, and afterwards dislodged and transported by river-ice, and thus transferred to the wide-spreading gravels of the Thames- Valley. It is, however, impossible to speak precisely of its past history. The fact of its occurrence is interesting, as Mr. Whitaker has remarked that such blocks " occur somewhat rarely in our Biver Gravel." An example fully three feet across was, however, noticed by Mr. J. Allen Brown at Alperton, in the Brent "Valley, and other records have been published.1 The specimen to which attention is now directed was observed by Colonel C. K. Bushe, F.G.S., and he lost no time in securing it and in presenting it to the British Museum of Natural History, Cromwell Boad, where it will be preserved and placed in the Garden on the eastern side near the Fossil Tree from Craigleith, Edinburgh, and not very far from the spot where it was discovered in the Gravel. V.—PLEISTOCENE SHELLS FKOM THE EAISED BEACH DEPOSITS OF~ THE KED SEA. By R. BULLEX NEWTOX, F.G.S., of the British Museum (Natural History). {Concluded from the Kotember Number, p. 514.) (PLATES XX-XXII.) Family CONID^E. Conns flavidus, Lamarck. Conusjlatidus, Lamarck : Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. vii (1822), p. 468. DISTRIBUTION.-—Eed Sea, East Africa, Ceylon, Java, etc. (Tryon);. Bed Sea, Persian Gulf, East Africa, Polynesia, Fiji Islands, etc. (E. A. Smith). Coll. Geol. Surv. Egypt: raised beach 80 feet above sea, Camp 6, north of Wadi Gueh, west of Kosseir (Nos. -
Formation and Age of Raised Marine Beaches, Northern Scott Coast
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 12-2002 Formation and Age of Raised Marine Beaches, Northern Scott oC ast, Antarctica Nathan Gardner Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Glaciology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons Recommended Citation Gardner, Nathan, "Formation and Age of Raised Marine Beaches, Northern Scott oC ast, Antarctica" (2002). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 599. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/599 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. FORMATION AND AGE OF RAISED MARINE BEACHES, NORTHERN SCOTT COAST, ANTARCTICA BY Nathan Gardner B.S. Lehigh University, 1999 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Geological Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine December, 2002 Advisory Committee: Brenda L. Hall, Research Professor of Geological Sciences, Chair Daniel F. Belknap, Professor of Geological Sciences George H. Denton, Professor of Geological Sciences Roger LeB. Hooke, Research Professor of Geological Sciences Joseph T. Kelley, Professor of Geological Sciences FORMATION AND AGE OF RAISED MARINE BEACHES, NORTHERN SCOTT COAST, ANTARCTICA By Nathan Gardner Thesis Advisor: Dr. Brenda L. Hall An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Geological Sciences) December, 2002 The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is a key problem because of its potential effect on global sea level and climate.