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Echinacea Purpurea Moench) UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA Borut GOSAR VPLIV TEHNOLOŠKIH DEJAVNIKOV NA KAKOVOST TER MOŽNOSTI PRIDELAVE ŠKRLATNEGA AMERIŠKEGA SLAMNIKA (Echinacea purpurea Moench) DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA AFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON QUALITY AND PURPLE COUNEFLOWER ( Echinacea purpurea Moench) CULTIVATION POSSIBILITIES DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Ljubljana, 2010 Borut G. Vpliv tehnoloških dejavnikov na kakovost ter možnost pridelovanja ameriškega slamnika. II Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2010 Doktorska disertacija je bila opravljena na Biotehniški fakulteti, Oddelku za agronomijo, Katedri za aplikativno botaniko, ekologijo in fiziologijo rastlin in informatiko. Poljski poskus je bil postavljen na polju kmetije Gosar v Selu 23, 1217 Vodice. Vse meritve smo izvedli v okviru Katedre za aplikativno botaniko, ekologijo in fiziologijo rastlin in informatiko. Na podlagi Statuta Univerze v Ljubljani ter po sklepu Senata Biotehniške fakultete in sklepa Senata Univerze z dne 31.03.2009 je bilo potrjeno, da kandidat izpolnjuje pogoje za neposreden prehod na doktorski Podiplomski študij bioloških in biotehniških znanosti ter opravljanje doktorata znanosti s podro čja agronomije. Za mentorja je bila imenovana prof. dr. Dea Bari čevi č. Komisija za oceno in zagovor: Predsednik: prof. dr. Anton TAJNŠEK Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo Član: prof. dr. Dea Bari čevi č Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo Član: prof. dr. Samo Kreft Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo Datum zagovora: Doktorska disertacija je rezultat lastnega raziskovalnega dela. Borut GOSAR Borut G. Vpliv tehnoloških dejavnikov na kakovost ter možnost pridelovanja ameriškega slamnika. III Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2010 KLJU ČNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA ŠD Dd DK UDK 633.88:631.15:631.15:338.439 (043.3) KG Echinacea purpurea /ameriški slamnik/kontrola kakovosti/pridelovanje/ekonomika pridelovanja/pridelek/greben in jarek/zbiranje padavin/zastirke KK AGRIS F01/F08/E10 AV GOSAR, Borut SA BARI ČEVI Č, Dea (mentorica) KZ SI-1000 Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101 ZA Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Podiplomski študij bioloških in biotehniških znanosti, podro čje agronomije LI 2010 IN VPLIV TEHNOLOŠKIH DEJAVNIKOV NA KAKOVOST TER MOŽNOST I PRIDELAVE ŠKRLATNEGA AMERIŠKEGA SLAMNIKA (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) TD Doktorska disertacija OP XII, 86 str., 17 pregl., 31 sl., 86 vir. IJ sl JI sl/en AI V letih 2007, 2008 in 2009 smo naredili ve č poljskih poskusov. V prvem sklopu smo p reu čevali vpliv tehnoloških dejavnikov (razvojna stopnja rastlin, čas jesenske žetve, vpliv genskega vira ter starost nasada) na vsebnost u činkovin v škrlatnem ameriškem slamniku (AS). Na podlagi rezultatov poskusov na vsebnost u činkovin (polisaharidi ter cikorna kislina in kaftarna kislina ) lahko povzamemo, da je na obmo čju lokacije poskusa najprimernejši čas prve žetve rastlin AS, ko ima 30% do 80% cvetnih nastavkov škrlatno obarvane jezi časte cvetove (od konca junija do konca julija). Najprimernejši čas druge žetve rastlin AS je od konca meseca septembra do za četka meseca novembra. V primerjavi s poletnimi žetvami so imele jesenske žetve AS od 22. septembra dalje veliko višje vsebnosti učinkovin. Genski vir 86/4 (ozna čen v genski banki Biotehniške fakultete) je imel višje ali enake, nikoli pa nižje vsebnosti u činkovin v primerjavi z genskim virom 86/6. V drugem sklopu smo preu čevali možnosti pridelovanja AS (kot prve indikatorske rastlinske vrste) na inovativni tehnologiji pridelovanja rastlin, na greben-jarek-greben vodozbirnem (GJGVZ) sistemu z zastirkami. GJGVZ sistem z zastirkami smo naredili tako, da smo z zastirko pokrili dva grebena in jarek med njima, kamor se je odtekala padavinska voda. Uporabili smo neprepustno ter prepustno zastirko, kontrolno obravnavanje pa je ostalo nepokrito. Namakali smo s pomo čjo vakuumske cisterne na na čin, da smo jarek med grebenoma poplavili. Na nenamakanih parcelah je bila v sušnih obdobjih v za četku poskusa vsebnost vode v tleh višja na GJGVZ sistemih z zastirkama v primerjavi z nepokritimi tlemi (Kontrola). V primerj avi s Kontrolo smo na GJGVZ sistemih z zastirkama izmerili višji pridelek AS ter manj delovnih ur, ki so bile potrebne za ro čno odstranjevanje plevela, zaradi česar je bil dobi ček na GJGVZ sistemu z zastirkama višji v primerjavi s Kontrolo. Na koncu poskus a je bila vsebnost rastlinam dostopnega dušika najvišja pri GJGVZ sistemu z neprepustno zastirko. V času pomanjkanja padavin je GJGVZ sistem z zastirkama s pomo čjo vakuumske cisterne omogo čal enostavno poplavno namakanje brez erozije grebenov. Zaradi stroš ka nabave zastirke je tak na čin pridelave, na srednje težkih in težkih tleh, primeren za pridelavo rastlin z visoko tržno vrednostjo, ki se obi čajno pridelujejo pod zastirkami (kot so jagode, zelenjava ter nekatere zdravilne rastline) ter za obmo čja, kjer vode za namakalne sisteme ni ali pa je draga. Samo v Sloveniji je verjetno ve č sto potencialnih pridelovalcev, ki zaradi pomanjkanja vodnih virov za namakalne sisteme ne morejo pridelovati rastlin z visoko tržno vrednostjo, ki se obi čajno pridelujejo pod zastirkami. Borut G. Vpliv tehnoloških dejavnikov na kakovost ter možnost pridelovanja ameriškega slamnika. IV Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2010 KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION DN Dd DC UDC 633.88:631.15:631.15:338.439 (043.3) CX Echinacea purpurea Moench/ purple coneflower/ drug plants/ production economics/growing/ridge and furrow/water harvesting/mulches CC AGRIS F01/F08/E10 AU GOSAR, Borut AA BARI ČEVI Č, Dea (supervisor) PP SI-1000 Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101 PB University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Postgraduate Study of Biological and Biotechnical Sciences, Field: Agronomy PY 2010 TI AFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON QUALITY AND PURPLE COUNEFLOWER ( Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) CULTIVATION POSSIBILITIES DT Doctoral Dissertation NO XII, 86 p., 17 tab., 31 fig., 86 ref. LA sl AL sl/en AB In the years 2007, 2008 and 2009 several field trials were carried out. In the first set of the experiments we studied the impact of technological factors (plant development stage, autumn harvest time, impact of genetic source and age of plantation) on the content of active substances in the purple coneflower. Based on the results of the exper iments regarding the content of active substances (polysaccharides cichoric acid and caftaric acid ) we can conclude that in the area where the experiment was conducted the optimum time for the first harvest of plants is when 30% to 80% of the flower accessories have purple tongue-shaped flowers (from late June until the end of July). The optimum second harvest time of the purple coneflower plant is from the end of September to the beginning of November. Autumn harvests of the purple coneflower (from 22 Sept ember) had much higher levels of active substances compared with summer harvests. The genetic source 86/4 (marked in gene bank of Biotechnical faculty) had higher or equal, but not lower levels of active substances compared to the genetic source 86/6. In t he second set of experiments we studied the possibility for cultivation of the purple coneflower (as the first indicator plant species) with the help of the innovative technology of production in the ridge-furrow-ridge rainwater harvest (RFRRH) system with mulches. The RFRRH system was made so that the plastic mulch covers two ridges and the furrow between them, which serves as the rainwater-harvest zone. We used water permeable and waterimpermeable mulch, while the control treatment remained uncovered. Supp lemental irrigation was supplied by means of an agricultural vacuum tanker in such a way that the furrow between the ridges was flooded. At the beginning of the experiment the results showed significantly higher soil water content during dry periods in the non-irrigated plots in the mulch covered RFRRH system, compared with the uncovered ridges (Control). In comparison with the Control the mulch covered RFRRH system produced significantly higher yield and reduced the time required for hand weeding. Because of the higher yield and lower working hours the profit in the RFRRH system with mulches was higher in comparison with the Control. At the end of the experiment, the nitrogen contents available to plants were the highest in the RFRRH system with impermeable mulch. In the event of a rainfall deficiency, the RFRRH system with mulches enabled simple supplemental irrigation, using an agricultural vacuum tanker, by flooding the polyethylene mulch covered furrow with hardly any ridge erosion. Because of the higher costs of buying mulch, the RFRRH system with mulches is suitable for cultivation (on medium-heavy and heavy soils) of high value plants that are usually grown under mulch (such as strawberries, vegetables and some medicinal plants) and for regions where w ater for an irrigation system is not available or is costly. Only in Slovenia there are probably hundreds of potential growers who, due to the lack of water resources for the irrigation systems, cannot produce crops with high market value, which are usually grown under mulches. Borut G. Vpliv tehnoloških dejavnikov na kakovost ter možnost pridelovanja ameriškega slamnika. V Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2010 KAZALO VSEBINE str. Klju čna dokumentacijska informacija (KDI) III Key words documentation (KWD) IV Kazalo vsebine V Kazalo
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