DOCSLIB.ORG

Engineering Division Training Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Engineering Division Training Manual ENGINEERING DIVISION TRAINING MANUAL 1942 THE BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION ENGINEERING DIVISION TRAINING MANUAL 1942 THE BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD 5 LIST OF PLATES 6 CHAPTER I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 7 'Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity Atoms and electric currents. Generating electricity. Effects of a current. Energy, voltage, current, and resistance. Resistances in series and parallel. Potential will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; difference and potential dividers. Magnetism. Electromagnetism. Electro- for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the making.' magnetic generator. The transformer. Some Practical Applications of Milton's Areopagitica Electromagnetism. Relays. Microphones. Loudspeakers and telephones. Self- induction. Condensers and capacity. The use of graphs. Graphs in practice. CHAPTER II THE NATURE OF SOUND 33 The sense of hearing. The nature of sound. Wave-motion. Wavelength and frequency. Complex waves and harmonics. The study of acoustics. The loudness of sound. A scale of loudness,—the decibel. The control of volume. Measure- ment of volume. CHAPTER III CONVERSION OF SOUND TO ELECTRICITY, AND THE BROADCASTING CHAIN 50 The simple telephone. Separating D.C. and A.C. Development of the 'Broad- casting Chain'. The studio and listening room. The control room. Programme control and monitoring. Sending the programme to line. The receiving end of a line. Transmitting the programme,—` Wireless '. Outside broadcasts. Additional studio facilities. CHAPTER IV PRACTICAL BROADCASTING APPARATUS 63 The carbon microphone. The moving-coil microphone. The ribbon microphone. The decibel again. Microphone mixers. The control potentiometer. The balanced line. The gramophone unit. Control room wiring. Plugs and jacks. 'Normal ' wiring of breakjacks. The chain in detail. Switching arrangements. Private wiring. Alarm circuits. Another type of mixer. CHAPTER V THE THERMIONIC VALVE 90 Historical development. The diode. The triode. The triode as an amplifier. Grid bias. Obtaining greater amplification. Multi-stage amplifiers. Variable gain amplifiers. Trap valves. Practical amplifiers in the broadcasting chain. Mains rectification. The 0.B.A/8. Negative feed-back. The programme meter. Published by the British Broadcasting Corporation, Broadcasting House, London, W.1. Printed by Waterlow & Sons Ltd., London and Dunstable. CHAPTER VI LINKING BY WIRE 109 No. 1681 General requirements of a wire link. Line characteristics. Inductance and loading. Equalization. Harmonic distortion. Noise. Balanced lines. Phantom working. Repeaters. Line testing. D.C. tests by the P.O. 'Clock' Insulation resistance. The Wheatstone bridge. Out-of-balance tests. A.C. Tests. The sending circuit. Measurement of received level,—The amplifier detector. 3 PAGE CHAPTER VII RADIO TRANSMISSION 131 FOREWORD The production of electromagnetic waves. Wave-motion and wavelength. The generation of high frequency currents. The valve oscillator. Receiving the signal. The modulation of high frequency currents. Class B modulation. Bandwidth occupied by modulated waves. Side-bands. Wave-bands available for broad- casting. Reception of electromagnetic waves. Drives. Production of high D.C. THERE are, of course, many text books on electrical engineering and that branch voltages, and other power supplies. High-power transmitting valves. Protective of it known as 'telecommunications ', but up to now there has never been a devices. Limiters. book describing the technical practice and equipment of the BBC. This book has been written by F. C. Brooker, one of the instructors of the CHAPTER VIII THE PROPAGATION OF BBC Engineering School. It has been edited and amplified by L. W. Hayes, 161 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Head of Overseas and Engineering Information Department. It is not intended Medium and long-wave propagation. Service area. Short-wave propagation. to do more than serve as a training manual both for those who have little technical knowledge, and for those who need to brush up the things that 169 CHAPTER IX AERIALS FOR BROADCASTING STATIONS have been forgotten. The task of writing a text book readily understandable General requirements of an aerial. Aerials for medium and long waves. « Aerials by those joining the BBC with more enthusiasm to do ajob of war-work than for short waves. Polar diagrams of aerials. Power distribution diagrams. Short- the technical knowledge of how to do it has not been easy, particularly when wave broadcasting. A method of designating aerials. it is borne in mind that many engineers will be waiting to tear to shreds any CHAPTER X SOUND RECORDING APPLIED TO mis -statements or false analogies I Furthermore, all explanations have been 182 BROADCASTING made without the use of mathematics, covering both the latest technical practice General requirements of a recording system. The Marconi-Stine' steel tape as well as any obsolescent equipment still in use. How well Mr. Brooker has system,—historical. Principles of magnetic recording. Speed control and other succeeded is best left to the judgment of the reader. mechanical features. Disc recording,—historical. The disc. Mechanical arrange- The classic definition of an engineer is someone who can make for twopence ments of the disc machine. The cutter head. Quality of disc reproduction. The reproducing turn-table (TD/7) and editing. 331- r.p.m. Disc recording. • Philips- what it would cost anyone else ashilling to produce. Another way of putting Miller' film recording,—general principles. Film machine mechanism. Recording it is someone who really can make for ashilling what everyone else thinks they and reproducing heads. Film editing. General. can make for twopence. This merely underlines the necessity of practical experience and it is not suggested that those who thoroughly study this book 203 APPENDIXES will automatically become fully trained radio engineers, but by doing so will I. General Letter Symbols of Electrical Quantities have placed themselves in a position to become useful members of the staff II. Standard Symbols used in Drawing of the Engineering Division of the BBC, and should have obtained that sound III. Formulx and Tables. An ABAC basic understanding of the working of the equipment on which further progress IV. Attenuation Curves of Ground-wave Radiation can be built up. V. Modern Control Rooms, and Continuity' Working One of the best ways of understanding how a thing works is to formulate your own theories on the subject and then ask others whether you are right. 221 BIBLIOGRAPHY Your ideas may be wrong, so may his or hers ;but it will probably lead to a healthy argument and an appeal to somebody who really does know. It is 223 INDEX to prompt discussions of this sort that questions have been included at thé end of the chapters. There has been some argument among the departmental heads of the Engineering Division concerning the strictly correct answers to some of these questions, so no junior need feel ashamed to ask help from his S.M.E. or E.i.c. I sincerely hope that anyone who does not understand any part of this book or who cannot answer any of the questions will ask some other h ERRATA member of the staff of his station to explain it more fully, and will go on asking until he really does understand it. In turn, the senior staff of stations P. it Line 1.7 Insert "approx." before 6,000,000,000,000,000,000. have been asked to let us know what parts of this book have not been easily P. 29 Fig. 20 Delete "0" Sn Frequency scale; amend to read "25." understood, so that they can be clarified in future editions. Delete "0" on Frequency scale; amend to read "25." P. 30 Fig. 21 I trust that everyone receiving a copy of this book will make a study of P. 35 Line 20 Delete "Slowly"; amend to read "Quickly." every chapter, even though some of them may not at present appear to have P. 129 Line 36 Delete "Capacity"; amend to read "Capacitances." a direct bearing on their present work, for in this way an interest may be P. 166 Fig.t 123 Delete "i kw. Transmitted" at foot of Diagram. generated in the reader's mind which almost certainly will be of practical use sooner or later. P. 209 Line 27 Insert "Series" before "Circuit." N. ASHBRIDGE rurquAmtri AL CHAPTER I LIST OF PLATES FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES N order to understand how broadcasting works, it is necessary to know PLATE I A typical broadcasting studio for large orchestras the nature of the 'agent' which conveys the intelligence, be it speech or music, over wires and starts it off on its wireless journey from place to PLATE II General view of a Control Room, showing control positions I place. This agent is 'electricity '; it will be met in many different guises— and amplifier bays some perhaps already well known, others not quite so familiar to the man-in- the-street. Therefore, it is proposed to devote some considerable space to the PLATE In Outside Broadcast equipment; showing 4-channel mixer, OBA/8 amplifier, and Mains unit study of fundamental principles. First, then, we want to know the answer to the question .. ' What is PLATE IV Three types of microphone used by the BBC: Reisz, moving electricity ?' Now we are going to consider only the theories accepted by coil, and ribbon modern scientists; for to give acomplete history of the progress of this science and of the work of its pioneers would tend to confuse the reader; besides PLATE V Miscellaneous apparatus used in control rooms; plugs and which, many excellent books treat the subject far more completely than can be jack, potentiometer, relays, and switch attempted here. It will soon be learned that electricity, energy, and matter are intimately PLATE VI (a) Distribution jackfield, and telephone indicators bound up with each other, so let us start by considering the structure of matter. (b) Main distribution frame (MDF) Suppose we take any substance and divide it into extremely small particles.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • London Calling: BBC External Services, Whitehall and the Cold War 1944- 57
    London calling: BBC external services, Whitehall and the cold war 1944- 57. Webb, Alban The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/1577 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] LONDON CALLING: SSC EXTERNAL SERVICES, WHITEHALL AND THE COLD WAR, 1944-57 ALBAN WEBB Queen Mary College, University of London A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) 1 Declaration: The work presented in this thesis is my own. Signed: '~"\ ~~Ue6b Alban Webb Declaration: The work presented in this thesis is my own. Signed: Alban Webb ABSTRACT The Second World War had radically changed the focus of the BBC's overseas operation from providing an imperial service in English only, to that of a global broadcaster speaking to the world in over forty different languages. The end of that conflict saw the BBC's External Services, as they became known, re-engineered for a world at peace, but it was not long before splits in the international community caused the postwar geopolitical landscape to shift, plunging the world into a cold war. At the British government's insistence a re-calibration of the External Services' broadcasting remit was undertaken, particularly in its broadcasts to Central and Eastern Europe, to adapt its output to this new and emerging world order.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Woolf's Portraits of Russian Writers
    Virginia Woolf’s Portraits of Russian Writers Virginia Woolf’s Portraits of Russian Writers: Creating the Literary Other By Darya Protopopova Virginia Woolf’s Portraits of Russian Writers: Creating the Literary Other By Darya Protopopova This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Darya Protopopova All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2753-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2753-9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Note on the Text ........................................................................................ vi Preface ...................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Russia and the British Search for the Cultural ‘Other’ Chapter One .............................................................................................. 32 Woolf’s Real and Fictional Russians Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 58 Woolf and Dostoevsky: Verbalising the Soul Chapter Three ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Audio Signal Visualisation and Measurement
    Proceedings ICMC|SMC|2014 14-20 September 2014, Athens, Greece Audio Signal Visualisation and Measurement Robin Gareus Chris Goddard Universite´ Paris 8, linuxaudio.org Freelance audio engineer [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT • At the mastering stage, meters are used to check compliance with upstream level and loudness stan- The authors offer an introductory walk-through of profes- dards, and to optimise the dynamic range for a given sional audio signal measurement and visualisation using medium. free software. Many users of audio software at some time face prob- Similarly for technical engineers, reliable measurement lems that requires reliable measurement. The presentation tools are indispensable for the quality assurance of audio- focuses on the SiSco.lv2 (Simple Audio Signal Oscillo- effects or any professional audio-equipment. scope) and the Meters.lv2 (Audio Level Meters) LV2 plug- ins, which have been developed open-source since August 2. METER TYPES AND STANDARDS 2013. The plugin bundle is a super-set, built upon exist- ing tools adding novel GUIs (e.g ebur128, jmeters,..), and For historical and commercial reasons various measure- features new meter-types and visualisations unprecedented ment standards exist. They fall into three basic categories: on GNU/Linux (e.g. true-peak, phase-wheel,..). Various • Focus on medium: highlight digital number, or ana- meter-types are demonstrated and the motivation for using logue level constraints. them explained. The accompanying documentation provides an overview • Focus on message: provide a general indication of of instrumentation tools and measurement standards in gen- loudness as perceived by humans. eral, emphasising the requirement to provide a reliable and • standardised way to measure signals.
    [Show full text]
  • Drama Co- Productions at the BBC and the Trade Relationship with America from the 1970S to the 1990S
    ORBIT - Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Enabling Open Access to Birkbecks Research Degree output ’Running a brothel from inside a monastery’: drama co- productions at the BBC and the trade relationship with America from the 1970s to the 1990s http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/56/ Version: Full Version Citation: Das Neves, Sheron Helena Martins (2013) ’Running a brothel from inside a monastery’: drama co-productions at the BBC and the trade relationship with America from the 1970s to the 1990s. MPhil thesis, Birkbeck, University of Lon- don. c 2013 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit guide Contact: email BIRKBECK, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY OF ART AND SCREEN MEDIA MPHIL VISUAL ARTS AND MEDIA ‘RUNNING A BROTHEL FROM INSIDE A MONASTERY’: DRAMA CO-PRODUCTIONS AT THE BBC AND THE TRADE RELATIONSHIP WITH AMERICA FROM THE 1970s TO THE 1990s SHERON HELENA MARTINS DAS NEVES I hereby declare that this is my own original work. August 2013 ABSTRACT From the late 1970s on, as competition intensified, British broadcasters searched for new ways to cover the escalating budgets for top-end drama. A common industry practice, overseas co-productions seems the fitting answer for most broadcasters; for the BBC, however, creating programmes that appeal to both national and international markets could mean being in conflict with its public service ethos. Paradoxes will always be at the heart of an institution that, while pressured to be profitable, also carries a deep-rooted disapproval of commercialism.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Publishing 2006
    The research was funded by the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) through the South African Book Development Council (SABDC) and by the Publishers’ Association of South Africa (PASA) PASA ANNUAL INDUSTRY SURVEY 2006 REPORT SEPTEMBER 2007 Research Team SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Dr Francis Galloway DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE Dr Rudi MR Venter PUBLISHING STUDIES Willem Struik CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 BACKGROUND 6 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS 6 Core list of targeted publishers 7 List of entities that participated in the 2005 and 2006 industry surveys 10 Producer profile of entities that participated in the 2006 survey 11 DATA CAPTURING 14 DATA ANALYSIS 15 TURNOVER PROFILE 16 Total Net Turnover 16 Total Net Turnover: Business Activities 17 Net Turnover: Sales of Local vs. Imported Product – According to Sub-sector 19 Educational Net Turnover per Province 26 Net Turnover of Local Books per Language 27 PRODUCTION PROFILE 32 Local Production of First Editions vs. Subsequent Editions & Reprints According to Sub-sector 32 Total Title Production (incl. New Editions, excl. Subsequent Editions & Reprints) per Language and Sub-sector 34 AUTHOR PROFILE 38 Total Number of Authors / Other Parties Receiving Royalties 38 Author Profile According to Population Group and Sub-sector 38 ROYALTY PROFILE 40 Average % Royalty on Net Turnover According to Sub-sector and Publishers’ Category 40 Rand Value of Royalty as % of Net Turnover of Sales of Local Product According to Publishers’ Category 41 FINAL REMARKS 42 © 2007 Francis Galloway, Rudi MR Venter & Willem Struik, Publishing Studies, University of Pretoria PASA ANNUAL INDUSTRY SURVEY REPORT 2006 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Data collection process The core list for the 2006 survey contained 99 targeted entities.
    [Show full text]
  • A Demonstration Studio for Sound Recording and Reproduction and for Sound Film Projection
    196 PHILIPS TECHNICAL REVIEW VOL. 10, No. 7 A DEMONSTRATION STUDIO FOR SOUND RECORDING AND REPRODUCTION AND FOR SOUND FILM PROJECTION by the ELECTRO-ACOUSTICS DEPARTMENT. 725.81 At the commencement of 1948 a new demonstration studio was placed at the disposal of the Electro-Acoustics Department of the Philips Factories at Eindhoven. Known as the ELA Studio, it is equipped for demonstrations of various types of programme sources, amplifiers, loudspeakers and film projection equipment, as well as for sound recording by different systems. The acoustic properties of the studio are such that the reverberation time at the higher frequencies (0.9 sec at 2000 els) is only slightly less than at the lower frequencies (1.3 sec at 100 cis), this having a very beneficial effect on the high note response. An elaborate relay system permits of any combination of a sound source (microphone, "Philimil" tape, magnetic tape, or radio receiver), an amplifier, and one or more loud- speakers: From the control desk one or several programmes can he passed to different recording equipment, viz. the Philips-Miller, the magnetic or the photographic equipment, or the gramophone recording unit. Arranged round the studio itself are a microphone room, "speech studio", projection, control and recording rooms.. For the effective demonstration of electro- Architecture acoustic equipment such as microphones, pick-ups, In the design of the studio the scope of the amplifiers, loudspeakers and so on, a hall posses- architect was in many respects limited. He was sing certain acoustic properties - amongst others obliged to take into account the special conditions those relating to reverberation time and sound to be met in the matter of acoustics (see later para- insulation - is indispensable.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Bibliography
    Appendix 1: Bibliography Chapter 1 1 Aston, B. and Williams, M., Playing to Win, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1996. 2 Williams, K., Williams, J. and Thomas D., Why are the British Bad at Manufacturing, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 1983. 3 Economist Intelligence Unit, World Model Production Forecasts 1999. 4 SMMT, Motor Industry of Great Britain 1986, World Automotive Statistics, London. 5 Maxton, G. P. and Wormald, J., Driving Over a Cliff?, EIU Series, Addison-Wesley, 1994. 6 Turner, G., The Leyland Papers, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971. 7 World Economic Development Review, Kline Publishing/McGraw Hill, 1994. 8 United Kingdom Balance of Payments, Office for National Statistics, 1998. 9 Court, W., A History of Grand Prix Motor Racing 1906–1951, Macdonald, 1966. 10 Crombac, G., Colin Chapman, Patrick Stephens, 1986. 11 Garrett, R., The Motor Racing Story, Stanley Paul & Co Ltd, 1969. 12 Jenkinson, D., and Posthumus, C., Vanwall, Patrick Stephens, 1975. 13 Hamilton, M., Frank Williams, Macmillan, 1998. 14 Mays, R., and Roberts, P., BRM, Cassell & Company, 1962. 15 Rendall, I., The Power and the Glory, BBC Books, 1991. 16 Underwood, J., The Will to Win. John Egan and Jaguar, W.H.Allen & Co. Ltd, 1989. 17 Henry, A., March, The Grand Prix & Indy Cars, Hazleton Publishing, 1989. 263 264 Britain’s Winning Formula Chapter 2 1 Motor Sports Association, The, British Motorsports Yearbooks, Motor Sports Association [MSA], 1997–9. 2 David Hodges, David Burgess-Wise, John Davenport and Anthony Harding, The Guinness Book of Car Facts and Feats, Guinness Publishing, 4th edn, 1994. 3 Ian Morrison, Guinness Motor Racing Records, Facts and Champions, Guinness Publishing, 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Peak Programme Meters
    Peak Programme Meters Audio signals in nature can cover an extremely wide dynamic range extending from, at the quietest level, below the threshold of hearing to, at the loudest level, greatly in excess of the threshold of pain! Broadcasters of course do not attempt to emulate this dynamic range, and for entirely practical reasons a very much reduced dynamic level variation must be transmitted. The Listener, or Viewer, will adjust the volume setting in their own home environment so that the Programme is clearly audible above the domestic background noise which will vary from location to location. Invariably Broadcasters restrict the dynamic level range of the transmitted Programme in order to increase the "impact" of the programme audio over this domestic ambience. The dynamic range is restricted by a combination of close- microphone and electronic compression using "dynamic limiters", and in essence, these techniques make the programme's audio sound louder than it would otherwise be. This compression is usually gross on Pop Music channels where the dynamic range is severely limited and often pretty obvious on Commercials too. Measuring audio levels, in a programme production environment, is more complicated than appears at first glance. Programme Audio is subject to the following:- 1) Wide, though restricted, dynamic range. 2) Wide, though restricted, frequency response. 3) Short duration transients 4) Positive and negative signal excursions are often different by many dB. 5) The degree of audio compression will affect measurements. 6) Stereo Phase considerations. 7) The metering must be clear and unambigous. 8).....and other more subtle effects. The characteristics of the measuring device itself totally weight the achieved measurement.
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Direct Investment in Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities William Chislett
    William Chislett Spanish Direct Investment in Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities William Chislett Challenges and Opportunities Spanish Direct Investment in Latin America: William Chislett was born in Oxford in 1951. He reported on Spain’s 1975-78 transition to democracy for The Times. Between 1978 and 1984 he was based in Mexico City for The Financial Times, covering Mexico and Central America, before returning to Madrid in 1986 as a writer and translator. He has written books on Spain, Portugal, Chile, Ecuador, Panama, Finland, El Salvador and Turkey for Euromoney Publications. The Writers and Scholars Educational Trust published his The Spanish Media since Franco in 1979. Banco Central Hispano published his book España: en busca del éxito in 1992 (originally published that same year by Euromoney), Spain: at a Turning Point in 1994, and Spain: the Central Hispano Handbook, a yearly review, between 1996 and 1998. Banco Santander Central Hispano published his dictionary of economic terms in 1999 and his Spain at a Glance in 2001. He wrote the section on Latin America for Business: The Ultimate Resource (Bloomsbury, 2002), and in 2002 the Elcano Royal Institute published his book The Internationalization of the Spanish Economy. He is married and has two sons. Praise for previous books on Spain One of the great attractions is the author’s capacity to gather, analyze and synthesize the most relevant economic information Spanish Direct Investment and explain its implications concisely and directly. in Latin America: Guillermo de la Dehesa, Chairman of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), El País Challenges and Opportunities Stylish and impressive.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Hop Book List Leaflets.Qxd
    ★ The Summer Reading Challenge ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ The ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Younger ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Collection★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Contains one copy of each of the titles listed below Book List List Price £199.65 AUTHOR TITLE ISBN - 13 PUBLISHER PRICE £ QTY Complete set of the YOUNGER COLLECTION (one copy of each of the titles listed below) £199.65 ........... Anderson, Scoular Space Pirates 9781845072421 Frances Lincoln Publishers £6.99 ........... Ardagh, Philip Henry’s House: Space 9781407107219 Scholastic UK £5.99 ........... Bartram, Simon Disappearing Moon 9781840117196 Templar Publishing £4.99 ........... Brown, Jeff Flat Stanley In Space 9781405204194 Egmont Children’s Books £3.99 ........... Carter, James Greetings Earthlings (space poems) 9780330471749 Macmillan Children’s Books £4.99 ........... Chatterton, Martin Intergalactic 150 cosmic jokes about space 9780330510196 Macmillan Children’s Books £3.99 ........... Child, Lauren What Planet Are you From, Clarice Bean 9781408300053 Orchard Books £5.99 ........... Docherty, Thomas Big Scary Monster 9781848770331 Templar Publishing £6.99 ........... Dougherty, John Zeus on the Loose 9780552550819 Random House Children’s Books £3.99 ........... Emmett, Jonathan Bringing Down the Moon 9780744589504 Walker Books £5.99 ........... French, Vivian I Wish I Was An Alien 9780237527761 Evans Publishing £4.99 ........... Fusek Peters, Andrew & Polly Megan’s Ticktock Rocket 9780237533421 Evans Publishing £4.99 ........... Gray, Kes Daisy and the Trouble with Kittens 9781862308343 Random House Children’s Books £4.99 ........... Grego, Peter Space Guides: Exploring the Moon 9781848350151 QED Publishing £5.99 ........... Heine, Theresa Star Seeker 9781846863820 Barefoot Books £5.99 ........... Horacek, Petr Elephant 9781406324419 Walker Books £5.99 ........... Kitamura, Satoshi UFO Diary 9781842705919 Random House Children’s Books £5.99 ........... Little, Penny The Blackest Hole in Space 9780340944677 Hachette Children’s Books £5.99 ..........
    [Show full text]
  • Zenker, Stephanie F., Ed. Books For
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 506 CS 216 144 AUTHOR Stover, Lois T., Ed.; Zenker, Stephanie F., Ed. TITLE Books for You: An Annotated Booklist for Senior High. Thirteenth Edition. NCTE Bibliography Series. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL. ISBN ISBN-0-8141-0368-5 ISSN ISSN-1051-4740 PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 465p.; For the 1995 edition, see ED 384 916. Foreword by Chris Crutcher. AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers of English, 1111 W. Kenyon Road, Urbana, IL 61801-1096 (Stock No. 03685: $16.95 members, $22.95 nonmembers). PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC19 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescent Literature; Adolescents; Annotated Bibliographies; *Fiction; High School Students; High Schools; *Independent Reading; *Nonfiction; *Reading Interests; *Reading Material Selection; Reading Motivation; Recreational Reading; Thematic Approach IDENTIFIERS Multicultural Materials; *Trade Books ABSTRACT Designed to help teachers, students, and parents identify engaging and insightful books for young adults, this book presents annotations of over 1,400 books published between 1994 and 1996. The book begins with a foreword by young adult author, Chris Crutcher, a former reluctant high school reader, that discusses what books have meant to him. Annotations in the book are grouped by subject into 40 thematic chapters, including "Adventure and Survival"; "Animals and Pets"; "Classics"; "Death and Dying"; "Fantasy"; "Horror"; "Human Rights"; "Poetry and Drama"; "Romance"; "Science Fiction"; "War"; and "Westerns and the Old West." Annotations in the book provide full bibliographic information, a concise summary, notations identifying world literature, multicultural, and easy reading title, and notations about any awards the book has won.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Live Loudness Meters ISBN 978-91-7790-297-3 (Pdf)
    DOCTORAL T H E SIS Department of Arts, Communication and Education Division of music, media and theater ISSN 1402-1544 ISBN 978-91-7790-296-6 (print) Evaluation of Live Loudness Meters ISBN 978-91-7790-297-3 (pdf) Luleå University of Technology 2019 Jon Allan Evaluation of Live Loudness Meters of Live Allan Evaluation Jon Jon Allan Audio Technology Evaluation of Live Loudness Meters Jon Allan Luleå University of Technology Department of Arts, Communication and Education Division of music, media and theater Printed by Luleå University of Technology, Graphic Production 2019 ISSN 1402-1544 ISBN 978-91-7790-296-6 (print) ISBN 978-91-7790-297-3 (pdf) Luleå 2019 www.ltu.se Dedicated to my parents and their loved ones. Abstract Discrepancies in loudness (i.e. sensation of audio intensity) has been of great concern within the broadcast community. For television broadcast, disparities in audio levels have been rated the number one cause to annoyance by the audience. Another problem area within the broadcast and music industry is the loudness war. The phenomenon is about the strive to produce audio content to be at least as loud or louder to any other audio content that it can easily be compared with. This mindset, when deciding for audio level treatment, inevitably leads to an increase in loudness over time, and also, as a technical consequence, a decrease of utilized dynamics. The effects of the loudness war is present in both terrestrial radio transmissions as well as in music production and in music distribution platforms. The two problems, discrepancies in loudness and the loudness war, both emanate from the same source; regulations of audio levels and the design of measurement gear have not been amended to cope with modern production techniques.
    [Show full text]