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VOL. 72 NOS. 1&2 2015 IRISH FORESTRY 2015, VOL. 72 Contents Editorial 5 Articles Evaluation of mensuration equipment for upper-stem height and diameter measurements FERGUS MCCAFFERY, MICHAEL HAWKINS, MARK TARLETON, CHARLES HARPER AND MAARTEN NIEUWENHUIS 8 Rapid assessments of cold hardiness and quality deterioration in storage of bare root conifer transplants KEVIN BLACK, RAQUEL CABRAL HARPER, SARAH RYAN and CONOR O’REILLY 21 Survival, early growth and chemical characteristics of Paulownia trees for potential biomass production in a cool temperate climate RODRIGO OLAVE, GREG FORBES, FERNANDO MUÑOZ and GARY LYONS 42 A review of stumping back and case study of its use in the rehabilitation of poorly performing pole-stage sycamore IAN SHORT, JERRY HAWE, JERRY CAMPION and RICKY BYRNE 58 Review of tools for growth forecasting and productivity assessment in forestry in Ireland ANDREW McCULLAGH and MAARTEN NIEUWENHUIS 78 Two further threats to Ireland’s trees from non-native invasive Phytophthoras RICHARD O’HANLON 87 Payments and markets for forest ecosystem services in the USA: lessons for Ireland VINCENT UPTON 101 An analysis of the potential availability of land for afforestation in the Republic of Ireland NIALL FARRELLY and GERHARDT GALLAGHER 120 Early-height variation between full-sibling families of Sitka spruce growing in Ireland PHILLIP GLOMBIK, CONOR O’REILLY and OLGA M. GRANT 139 Factors affecting the economic assessment of continuous cover forestry compared with rotation based management PADDY PURSER, PÁDRAIG Ó’TUAMA, LUCIE VÍTKOVÁ, and ÁINE NÍ DHUBHÁIN 150 1 IRISH FORESTRY 2015, VOL. 72 The development of a site classification for Irish forestry NIALL FARRELLY and GERHARDT GALLAGHER 166 The need to disaggregate podzols and peaty podzols when assessing forest soil carbon stocks MICHAEL A. CLANCY, A. JONAY JOVANI SANCHO, THOMAS CUMMINS and KENNETH A. BYRNE 189 Forest Perspectives Seeing the woods for the trees: the history of woodlands and wood use revealed from archaeological excavations in the Irish Midlands ELLEN OCARROLL 205 Delivering renewable energy from our forests DES O’TOOLE 227 Doneraile Park – The long St. Leger connection SEAMUS CROWLEY 233 Doneraile Park – Recollections and reflections FERGAL MULLOY 244 Trees, Woods and Literature – 39 252 Book Reviews List of recent publications 256 Tree Morphogenesis; Book 1: Reduction via Thinning by DAVID LLOYD–JONES (Brian Tobin) 258 God’s Trees - Trees, Forests and Wood in the Bible by JULIAN EVANS (John Mc Loughlin) 261 Kilmacurragh: Sourced in the Wild – The Moulding of a Heritage Arboretum by MEGAN O’BEIRNE (Kevin Hutchinson) 263 The Wisdom of Trees: A Miscellany by MAX ADAMS (John Mc Loughlin) 265 A Song for the Forest by TOM MONGAN (John Mc Loughlin) 267 Tree and Forest Measurement (3rd ed.) by P.W. WEST (Andrew McCullagh) 270 Europe’s Changing Forests: From Wildwood to Managed Landscapes edited by K. KIRBY and C. WATKINS (Kevin Hutchinson) 272 The Company of Trees: A Year in a Lifetime’s Quest by THOMAS PAKENHAM (Michael Carey) 274 Society of Irish Foresters study tour to Slovakia, 2014 278 Obituaries Tomás de Gruinéal 290 Denis O’Sullivan 292 Niall OCarroll 294 Brendan J. Collins 296 Denis Michael O’Sullivan 298 Tadgh (Tim Joe) Collins 300 2 IRISH FORESTRY 2015, VOL. 72 The Society of Irish Foresters Comann Foraoiseorl na nEireann Mission Statement • To support professionalism in forestry practice and To lead and represent the forestry profession, which meets, help members achieve their career goals. in a sustainable manner, society’s needs from Irish forests, • To establish, secure and monitor standards in through excellence in forestry practice. forestry education and professional practice. • To foster a greater unity and sense of cohesion Objectives among members and provide an appropriate range • To promote a greater knowledge and understanding of services to members. of forestry in all its aspects, and to advance the economic, social and public benefit values arising from forests. Submissions of articles to Irish Forestry Submissions 1. Original material only, unpublished elsewhere, will 4. On submission, authors should indicate up to three be considered for publication in Irish Forestry. potential referees for their paper (providing full Where material has been submitted for publication contact details for each referee). Choice of peer elsewhere, authors must indicate the journal and the reviewer rests in all cases with the Editor. date of submission. 5. Peer reviews will be communicated to authors by 2. All submissions must be in MS Word, submitted the Editor. Changes suggested by the reviewer must electronically to the Editor, Irish Forestry at be considered and responded to. It is expected that [email protected] (see Guidelines). Authors are co-authors should be informed of, and in agreement requested to keep papers as concise as possible and with, such changes and responses. The decision to no more than 12 pages in length (including tables publish will be taken by the Editor, whose decision and figures). is final. 3. Submissions will be acknowledged by the Editor. 6. Guidelines for authors on Irish Forestry house style Authors will be informed if the paper is to be sent and layout can be downloaded as an MS Word template for peer review. If peer review is not envisaged an from http://societyofirishforesters.ie/lrishForestry. explanation will be provided to authors. Front cover: A forest glade in Kyslinky, Slovakia which is mown regularly to provide winter fodder for deer. The hut is used by hunters. Image courtesy: LESY Slovenskej republiky, štátny podnik. Acknowledgements The Editors would like to acknowledge the work of Mr Austin Tobin in editing and laying out the content of this issue. Also the assistance of Kevin J. Hutchinson, and John Mc Loughlin for organising the book review section. We also thank the anonymous reviewers who have greatly contributed to maintaining the quality of the scientific and other articles published here. Acknowledgement is also due for the mammoth work completed by a team of summer intern students who laboured relentlessly to cut up the entire back catalogue of issues into single article files, who produced metadata to describe and categorise all articles before uploading as a complete and accessible database onto a new digital platform to make this journal more accessible in digital form. The Journal Editorial Board is extremely grateful to Danielle Lopes, Julie Bibaud-Alves, Claire Corsaint, Auxane Gennetais, Fanny Meynieu and Thais Farias Pereira da Silva for their work. Irish Forestry Annual subscription €50. Volume 72, Nos 1&2, 2015 Subscription enquiries: ISSN 0021-1192 Society of Irish Foresters, Published by the Glenealy, Society of Irish Foresters © 2015. Co. Wicklow, All rights reserved. Ireland. Designed and printed in Ireland for Email: [email protected] Arrow Print Management. Website: www.societyofirishforesters.ie 3 IRISH FORESTRY 2015, VOL. 72 Society of Irish Foresters Council 2014 – 2016 President Niall Farrelly Vice-President Conor O’Reilly Secretary Tara Ryan Treasurer Tim O’Regan Editor Brian Tobin Business Editor John Mc Loughlin Public Relations Officer Kevin Hutchinson Technical Councillors Pacelli Breathnach Hugh Cawley Joe Codd Gerry Murphy Alistair Pfeifer Vincent Upton Associate Councillors Gordon Knaggs Toddy Radford Northern Region Group Rep Ken Ellis Belfield Region Group Rep Edwin Corrigan AIFC Representative Dermot Houlihan Technical Director Pat O’Sullivan Editorial Management Board Brian Tobin (Convenor) Ignacio Diaz-Maroto Edward P. Farrell Gerhardt Gallagher Eugene Hendrick Andrew McCullagh Conor O’Reilly (Co-Editor) 4 IRISH FORESTRY 2015, VOL. 72 EDITORIAL Looking back and valuing the past All that is gold does not glitter, Not all those who wander are lost; The old that is strong does not wither, Deep roots are not reached by the frost. [From the Riddle of Strider in The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien] Valuing the past is second nature to foresters as much of our future sits on, and grows out of, roots from the past. As the Society launches a newly updated website with a portal to a fully digitised catalogue of all articles from the published issues of this Journal, it is an appropriate moment to pause and appreciate the breadth and diversity of work that has been covered. Starting amid the last “war to end all wars”, it is interesting to note that subjects for discussion in the 1943 volume included coniferous afforestation, thinning practices, timber production etc., but also the valuing of other non-timber attributes like “conservation of moisture, prevention of soil erosion, wind shelter, and aid to rural beauty”, which all still sound extremely familiar today. The major advantage of indexing the back issues onto the new Open Journal Software platform will be to make all material (not just peer-reviewed and technical articles) readily searchable from our own website but also from an outside interface (e.g. Google). While the new system is likely to have some teething problems, it is hoped that members and readers will inform the Journal about any content or performance- related issues. The laborious process of slicing up scans of past issues has impressed on me the long and continuous nature of Irish Forestry, and the importance of its being maintained. There are fascinating articles on all aspects of forestry in Ireland, but also from many international locations and perspectives. It is fun (now) to read some of the tit-for-tat letter exchanges! (This underlines the dearth of letters written to the Editor in recent years, which hopefully will change again.) There are even articles on how to organise forest tours (see McCusker 1980 [Volume 37(1): 31-35] in relation to the psychological needs of the forest guide). Such an eclectic trove of material that mixes at times highly technical and scientific research, with professional practice and discussion, to social records and literary digest, has long since moved beyond the ability of a person to maintain a knowledge of its content.
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