Clinical Manifestations and Management of Livedoid Vasculopathy
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Complete Healing of Venous Leg Ulcer Using a Collagen Based Dressing a Case Report
Case Report Journal of Surgical Techniques and Procedures Published: 30 Jul, 2018 Complete Healing of Venous Leg Ulcer Using a Collagen Based Dressing a Case Report Dumont Isabelle1#, Caillava Celine2#, Dupoiron Stephanie2, Guillemin Yannis2## and Gouze Jean Noel2*## 1Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center of the Foot Ransart, Belgium 2Department of Research and Development, Genbiotech, France #Dumont Isabelle and Caillava Celine Contributed Equally to this Work ##Guillemin Yannis and Gouze Jean Noel are Co-senor Authors Abstract Venous Leg Ulceration (VLU) is a common pathology which affects patients at any age. Ulcers are characterized by long-term healing, pain and frequent recurrence despite adherence to standard of care resulting in time consuming and costly treatments. Here, the authors describe the case of a diabetic, 63 years old male suffering from venous insufficiency and presenting a distal leg ulcer. The ulcer was treated using GBT013 device, a new biocompatible and biodegradable tri-dimensional collagen based matrix. GBT013 seems to be well integrated to the healing tissues and well tolerated. No complication or pain was reported during treatment. Complete healing was obtained within 36 days with no recurrence to date despite a context of stasis dermatitis. Keywords: Venous leg ulcer; Collagen dressing; Tri-dimensional matrix; Wound healing Abbreviations DFU: Diabetic Foot Ulcer; VLU: Venous Leg Ulcer Introduction Venous Leg Ulcers (VLUs) are open lesions of the lower extremities caused by venous disease. OPEN ACCESS Risk factors include all factors susceptible to increase pressure within vessels (e.g., obesity, immobility, thrombosis, varicose veins, and trauma) [1-3]. They are more common in women *Correspondence: and older people and represent 60% to 80% of leg ulcers [4-7]. -
Review Cutaneous Patterns Are Often the Only Clue to a a R T I C L E Complex Underlying Vascular Pathology
pp11 - 46 ABstract Review Cutaneous patterns are often the only clue to a A R T I C L E complex underlying vascular pathology. Reticulate pattern is probably one of the most important DERMATOLOGICAL dermatological signs of venous or arterial pathology involving the cutaneous microvasculature and its MANIFESTATIONS OF VENOUS presence may be the only sign of an important underlying pathology. Vascular malformations such DISEASE. PART II: Reticulate as cutis marmorata congenita telangiectasia, benign forms of livedo reticularis, and sinister conditions eruptions such as Sneddon’s syndrome can all present with a reticulate eruption. The literature dealing with this KUROSH PARSI MBBS, MSc (Med), FACP, FACD subject is confusing and full of inaccuracies. Terms Departments of Dermatology, St. Vincent’s Hospital & such as livedo reticularis, livedo racemosa, cutis Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia marmorata and retiform purpura have all been used to describe the same or entirely different conditions. To our knowledge, there are no published systematic reviews of reticulate eruptions in the medical Introduction literature. he reticulate pattern is probably one of the most This article is the second in a series of papers important dermatological signs that signifies the describing the dermatological manifestations of involvement of the underlying vascular networks venous disease. Given the wide scope of phlebology T and its overlap with many other specialties, this review and the cutaneous vasculature. It is seen in benign forms was divided into multiple instalments. We dedicated of livedo reticularis and in more sinister conditions such this instalment to demystifying the reticulate as Sneddon’s syndrome. There is considerable confusion pattern. -
Outcome of Venous Stasis Ulceration When Complicated by Arterial Occlusive Disease
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 24, 249±254 (2002) doi:10.1053/ejvs.2002.1650, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Outcome of Venous Stasis Ulceration when Complicated by Arterial Occlusive Disease W. T. Bohannon, R. B. McLaffertyÃ, S. T. Chaney, M. A. Mattos, L. A. Gruneiro, D. E. Ramsey and K. J. Hodgson Division Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A. Objective: to report the outcome of patients with venous stasis ulceration (VSU) and severe arterial occlusive disease (AOD). Design: retrospective study. Methods: using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9), codes for VSU and AOD were cross-matched to identify patients from 1989 to 1999 at two tertiary hospitals. Entry into the study required the presence of a VSU and an ipsilateral procedure to improve AOD or major amputation during the same hospitalisation. Results: fourteen patients (15 extremities) with a mean age of 80 years (range: 47±93) were identified as having VSU and AOD. Mean duration of VSU up to the time of revascularisation or amputation was 6.4 years (range: 4 months±21 years). The mean number of VSUs per extremity was 2.1 and mean wound area was 71 cm2. Mean ankle±brachial index was 0.46 (range: 0.10±0.78). Nine extremities (60%) had a bypass procedure, 3 (20%) had an interventional procedure, 1 (0.6%) had a lumbar sympathectomy, and 2 (13%) had an amputation. -
Cutaneous Manifestations of Abdominal Arteriovenous Fistulas
Cutaneous Manifestations of Abdominal Arteriovenous Fistulas Jessica Scruggs, MD; Daniel D. Bennett, MD Abdominal arteriovenous (A-V) fistulas may be edema.1-3 We report a case of abdominal aortocaval spontaneous or secondary to trauma. The clini- fistula presenting with lower extremity edema, ery- cal manifestations of abdominal A-V fistulas are thema, and cyanosis that had been previously diag- variable, but cutaneous findings are common and nosed as venous stasis dermatitis. may be suggestive of the diagnosis. Cutaneous physical examination findings consistent with Case Report abdominal A-V fistula include lower extremity A 51-year-old woman presented to the emergency edema with cyanosis, pulsatile varicose veins, department with worsening lower extremity swelling, and scrotal edema. redness, and pain. Her medical history included a We present a patient admitted to the hospital diagnosis of congestive heart failure, chronic obstruc- with lower extremity swelling, discoloration, and tive pulmonary disease, hepatitis C virus, tobacco pain, as well as renal insufficiency. During a prior abuse, and polysubstance dependence. Swelling, red- hospitalization she was diagnosed with venous ness, and pain of her legs developed several years stasis dermatitis; however, CUTISher physical examina- prior, and during a prior hospitalization she had been tion findings were not consistent with that diagno- diagnosed with chronic venous stasis dermatitis as sis. Imaging studies identified and characterized well as neurodermatitis. an abdominal aortocaval fistula. We propose that On admission, the patient had cool lower extremi- dermatologists add abdominal A-V fistula to the ties associated with discoloration and many crusted differential diagnosis of patients presenting with ulcerations. Aside from obesity, her abdominal exam- lower extremity edema with cyanosis, and we ination was unremarkable and no bruits were noted. -
Doxium Has Been Proven to Be the Only Oral Agent Available for Delaying the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. It Has Also
Doxium has been proven to be the only oral agent available for delaying the progression of diabetic retinopathy. It has also shown benefits in chronic venous insufficiency and haemorrhoids. Product Indications Pack Size DOXIUM 500 Cases of microangiopathy including diabetic retinopathy, 30’s/box capsules. chronic venous insufficiency. As an adjuvant in the treatment of blister-pack Each cap. contains superficial thrombophlebitis, post-thrombotic syndrome, 500mg calcium oedema, stasis dermatitis, circulatory disturbances of dobesilate. arteriovenous origin or due to impaired microcirculation & haemorrhoidal syndrome. ACTIVE PRINCIPLE Calcium 2, 5 dihydroxybenzenesulfonate (Ca dobesilate, INN) PROPERTIES Doxium corrects capillary hyperpermeability and increases capillary resistance. It antagonises the effect of vasoactive substances (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins and PAF), acts against collagen breakdown, reduces blood hyperviscosity, increases red cell flexibility, diminishes platelet hyperaggregation and improves lymphatic drainage. CONTRA-INDICATIONS No contra-indications known up to now. TOLERABILITY Doxium is particularly well tolerated, even when administered for long-term therapy. It is not toxic; it is practically not metabolized in the body and does not impair hepatic or renal function in any way. It has no effect on arterial blood pressure, blood coagulation or glucose and lipid metabolisms. Doxium has no teratogenic effects and does not cross the placental barrier. Like most drugs, it should not be administered during the first 3 months of pregnancy. Numerous published clinical trials, totaling over 5000 cases, show that the incidence of undesirable side effects is extremely low (3.4%). These usually involve slight digestive disorders. PRESENTATIONS DOXIUM 500, capsules containing 500mg calcium dobesilate. . -
Lessons from Dermatology About Inflammatory Responses in Covid‐19
Received: 2 May 2020 Revised: 14 May 2020 Accepted: 15 May 2020 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2130 REVIEW Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid-19 Paulo Ricardo Criado1,2 | Carla Pagliari3 | Francisca Regina Oliveira Carneiro4 | Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma4 1Dermatology Department, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil 2Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil 3Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S~ao Paulo, S~ao Paulo, Brazil 4Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Correspondence Professor Paulo Ricardo Criado MD, PhD, Summary Dermatology Department, Centro The SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus composed of 16 non-structural pro- Universitário Saúde ABC, Rua Carneiro Leao~ 33 Vila Scarpelli, Santo André, SP 09050-430, teins (NSP 1-16) with specific roles in the replication of coronaviruses. NSP3 has the Brazil. property to block host innate immune response and to promote cytokine expression. Email: [email protected] NSP5 can inhibit interferon (IFN) signalling and NSP16 prevents MAD5 recognition, depressing the innate immunity. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages are the first cell lineage against viruses' infections. The IFN type I is the danger signal for the human body during this clinical setting. Protective immune responses to viral infec- tion are initiated by innate immune sensors that survey extracellular and intracellular space for foreign nucleic acids. In Covid-19 the pathogenesis is not yet fully under- stood, but viral and host factors seem to play a key role. Important points in severe Covid-19 are characterized by an upregulated innate immune response, hypercoagulopathy state, pulmonary tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointes- tinal tract involvement, and fatal outcome in severe cases of macrophage activation syndrome, which produce a ‘cytokine storm’. -
Treatment Strategies for Patients with Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Disease (LECVD)
Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol Project Title: Treatment Strategies for Patients with Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Disease (LECVD) Project ID: DVTT0515 Initial publication date if applicable: March 7, 2016 Amendment Date(s) if applicable: May 6th, 2016 (Amendments Details–see Section VII) I. Background for the Systematic Review Lower extremity chronic venous disease (LECVD) is a heterogeneous term that encompasses a variety of conditions that are typically classified based on the CEAP classification, which defines LECVD based on Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, and Pathophysiologic parameters. This review will focus on treatment strategies for patients with LECVD, which will be defined as patients who have had signs or symptoms of LE venous disease for at least 3 months. Patients with LECVD can be asymptomatic or symptomatic, and they can exhibit a myriad of signs including varicose veins, telangiectasias, LE edema, skin changes, and/or ulceration. The etiology of chronic venous disease includes venous dilation, venous reflux, (venous) valvular incompetence, mechanical compression (e.g., May-Thurner syndrome), and post-thrombotic syndrome. Because severity of disease and treatment are influenced by anatomic segment, LECVD is also categorized by anatomy (iliofemoral vs. infrainguinal veins) and type of veins (superficial veins, perforating veins, and deep veins). Finally, the pathophysiology of LECVD is designated typically as due to the presence of venous reflux, thrombosis, and/or obstruction. LECVD is common -
Stasis Dermatitis
STASIS DERMATITIS http://www.aocd.org Stasis dermatitis is a disease of the veins in the extremities that may present after the valves inside the vessels become incompetent, or unable to fully complete their job of bringing blood back to the heart. This causes the pressure in the veins to increase due to gravity such that blood leaks out of small capillaries and into surrounding tissue, giving rise to this condition. The skin typically appears pigmented in a reddish, yellowish, or brown tone, especially on the lower legs around or above the ankles. At times, this skin condition could have a scaly and/or weeping appearance overlying the dermatitis. Varicose veins and loss of hair may also accompany stasis dermatitis. Those predisposed to this condition are those who are obese, pregnant, or those who are generally inactive. Anemia and zinc deficiency could exacerbate the condition. At times, ulcers may form over the affected skin. This usually occurs in progressive stasis dermatitis where leg swelling (edema) and fibrosis predominate. These ulcers tend to be painful and yellow in appearance. The healing process is typically lengthy due to their location on the lower extremity. Additionally, any time there are breaks in the skin, bacteria have the propensity to enter and infect which slows down healing as well. To treat this condition, efforts focus on increasing the return of blood back to the heart. The use of support stockings may be effective as well as elevation of the extremities. Standing still for long periods should be avoided, but walking is encouraged as this acts as a "pump” to return blood to the heart. -
Stasis Dermatitis
FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY PRIMARY CARE DIAGNOSTIC INSTITUTE Stasis Dermatitis EPIDEMIOLOGY: Approximately 6-7% in patients older than 50 years ETIOLOGY: Chronic venous insufficiency with venous hypertension PATHOGENESIS: Swelling is caused when plasma (the fluid portion of blood) leaks out of the blood vessels and into the tissues CLINICAL: Reddish-brown skin discoloration HISTOLOGY: Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, basal pigmentation, and perivascular lymphoid infiltration Stasis Dermatitis is a skin condition caused by fluid building up under the skin, due to poor circulation in the veins (venous insufficiency). The poor circulation will eventually lead to ulcers in the skin. Patients typically pres- ent with an insidious onset of pruritus affecting one or both lower extremities. Reddish-brown skin discoloration is an early sign of stasis dermatitis and may precede the onset of symptoms. Treatment options available are: Elevating the ankle while resting: Compression therapy (generally accomplished by means of specialized stockings that deliver a controlled gradient of pressure) which must be maintained on a lifelong basis. Compression that is more aggressive can be performed by using elastic wraps or compression boots. Topical therapy: Using wet-to-damp gauze dressings soaked with water or with a drying agent, such as aluminum acetate. Topical corticosteroids are frequently used for reducing inflammation and itching in acute flares. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. “Stasis Dermatitis” (Online) November 2005. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec10/ch114/ch114i.html html (visited: March 15, 2008) 2. “Stasis Dermatitis” (Online). February 2007. http://www.emedicine.com/derm/TOPIC403.HTM (visited: March 15, 2008) www.DermpathDiagnostics.com. -
Varicose Veins and Superficial Thrombophlebitis
ENTITLEMENT ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES VARICOSE VEINS AND SUPERFICIAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS 1. VARICOSE VEINS MPC 00727 ICD-9 454 DEFINITION Varicose Veins of the lower extremities are a dilatation, lengthening and tortuosity of a subcutaneous superficial vein or veins of the lower extremity such as the saphenous veins and perforating veins. A diagnosis of varicose veins is sometimes made in error when the veins are prominent but neither varicose or abnormal. This guideline excludes Deep Vein Thrombosis, and telangiectasis. DIAGNOSTIC STANDARD Diagnosis by a qualified medical practitioner is required. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The venous system of the lower extremities consists of: 1. The deep system of veins. 2. The superficial veins’ system. 3. The communicating (or perforating) veins which connect the first two systems. There are primary and secondary causes of varicose veins. Primary causes are congenital and/or may develop from inherited conditions. Secondary causes generally result from factors other than congenital factors. VETERANS AFFAIRS CANADA FEBRUARY 2005 Entitlement Eligibility Guidelines - VARICOSE VEINS/SUPERFICIAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS Page 2 CLINICAL FEATURES Clinical onset usually takes place when varicosities in the affected leg or legs appear. Varicosities typically present as a bluish discolouration and may have a raised appearance. The affected limb may also demonstrate the following: • Aching • Discolouration • Inflammation • Swelling • Heaviness • Cramps Varicose Veins may be large and apparent or quite small and barely discernible. Aggravation for the purposes of Varicose Veins may be represented by the veins permanently becoming larger or more extensive, or a need for operative intervention, or the development of Superficial Thrombophlebitis. PENSION CONSIDERATIONS A. CAUSES AND/OR AGGRAVATION THE TIMELINES CITED BELOW ARE NOT BINDING. -
Livedoid Vasculopathy – Benefit of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in A
CASE REPORTS Ref: Ro J Rheumatol. 2021;30(1) DOI: 10.37897/RJR.2021.1.4 LIVEDOID VASCULOPATHY – BENEFIT OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN A REFRACTORY CASE Stefan Cristian Dinescu1, Andreea Lili Barbulescu2, Paulina Lucia Ciurea1, Roxana Mihaela Dumitrascu3, Beatrice Andreea Chisalau3, Cristina Dorina Parvanescu3, Sineta Cristina Firulescu4, Florentin Ananu Vreju1 1 Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania 3Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania 4 Department of Rheumatology, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania Abstract Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare vascular disease which typically manifests as recurrent ulcerative lesions on the lower extremities. It is classified as a vasculopathy, not a true vasculitis, and defined as a vasooclusive syndrome, caused by non-inflammatory thrombosis of the upper and mid-dermal venulae. Main disorders associated with LV include thrombophilias, autoimmune diseases and neoplasia. A triad of clinical features is present in most patients and consist of livedo racemosa (less frequently livedo reticularis), ulcerations and atrophie blanche. Management generally relies on antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, vasodilators and fibrinolytic therapy. Some benefit has been observed with intravenous immunoglobulin, colchicine, hyperbaric oxygen, while glucocorticoids are efficient to a lesser extent. This case report highlights a refractory clinical form with no identifiable predisposing condition, which proved responsive only to intravenous immunoglobulin. Keywords: thrombosis, purpura, ulcer, intravenous immunoglobulins INTRODUCTION cal form with no identifiable predisposing condition, which proved responsive only to intravenous immu Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a rare vascular dis noglobulin. ease which typically manifests as recurrent ulcerative lesions on the lower extremities. -
Review Skin Changes Are One of the Earliest Signs of Venous a R T I C L E Hypertension
pp 11 - 19 ABSTRACT Review Skin changes are one of the earliest signs of venous A R T I C L E hypertension. Some of these changes such as venous eczema are common and easily identified whereas DERMATOLOGICAL other changes such as acroangiodermatitis are less common and more difficult to diagnose. Other vein MANIFESTATIONS OF VENOUS related and vascular disorders can also present with specific skin signs. Correct identification of these DISEASE: PART I skin changes can aid in making the right diagnosis and an appropriate plan of management. Given KUROSH PARSI, MBBS, MSc(Med), FACD, FACP the significant overlap between phlebology and Departments of Dermatology, St. Vincent’s Hospital and dermatology, it is essential for phlebologists to be Sydney Children’s Hospital familiar with skin manifestations of venous disease. Sydney Skin & Vein Clinic, This paper is the first installment in a series of 3 Bondi Junction, NSW, Australia and discusses the dermatological manifestations of venous insufficiency as well as other forms of vascular ectasias that may present in a similar Introduction fashion to venous incompetence. atients with venous disease often exhibit dermatological Pchanges. Sometimes these skin changes are the only clue to an appropriate list of differential diagnoses. Venous ulceration. Less common manifestations include pigmented insufficiency is the most common venous disease which purpuric dermatoses, and acroangiodermatitis. Superficial presents with a range of skin changes. Most people are thrombophlebitis (STP) can also occur in association with familiar with venous eczema, lipodermatosclerosis and venous incompetence but will be discussed in the second venous ulcers as manifestations of long-term venous instalment of this paper (Figure 2).