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PHYSICS TODAY June 2021 • Volume 74, Number 6 a Publication of the American Institute of Physics PT_Jun21_Cover0_Blank-Ad-Page.qxd 5/17/2021 12:55 PM Page 3 SIMULATION CASE STUDY Design tumor ablation devices with multiphysics RF tissue ablation is a medical procedure that uses targeted heat to destroy cancerous cells while leaving the healthy tissue unharmed. 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We are currently applying thisth techniqueechnique to the study of vortices dynamics in layeredl d superconductors,sus and the investigation of ferroelectric/ferromagneticferro gnetic heterojunctions for spinspintronic applications.”apa DDr. Carmen Munuera,uera, 2D Foundry, Material ScienceScie Institute of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) +44 790606 159 508 [email protected] cs-inst.com /NMInstruments/NMInstrumen Suite 290, 266 Banbury Road OxfordOx OX2 7DL, Unitednited Kingdom PT_Jun21_p3_Blank-Ad-Page.qxd 5/18/2021 10:47 AM Page 3 Ultra-stable DC Voltage Source DC205 ... $1995 (U.S. list) x ±100 VDC range x True 6-digit resolution When you need a quiet, stable, high-resolution bias voltage, the DC205 is the right tool. Its x 1 ppm/°C stability bipolar, four-quadrant output delivers up to 100 volts with microvolt resolution and up to thinkSRS.com/DC205 50 mA of current. 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Your Benefits ∏High-fidelity qubit operation Get the most out of your quantum device with the excellent spectral purity provided by super-heterodyne signal generation. ∏Efficient workflows Operate at frequencies up to 8.5 GHz and free from mixer calibration to maximize system up-time. ∏Turnkey feature set Accelerate quantum computer tune-up with rapid pulse reconfiguration and low-latency feedback. ∏Scalable system approach Rely on accurate channel synchronization across your Zurich Instruments Quantum Computing Control System. Zurich Contact us today Instruments www.zhinst.com pt_contents0621_Contents 5/17/2021 12:07 PM Page 5 PHYSICS TODAY June 2021 | volume 74 number 6 FEATURES SPECIAL FOCUS ON BIOPHYSICS 30 Living cells on the move 30 Ricard Alert and Xavier Trepat Spectacular collective phenomena, such as jamming, turbulence, wetting, and waves, emerge when living cells migrate in groups. 38 Drops in cells Christoph A. Weber and Christoph Zechner Liquid droplets act as microreactors. Can they also serve as a control mechanism for cellular biochemistry? 44 Accelerating progress in climate science 38 Tapio Schneider, Nadir Jeevanjee, and Robert Socolow Interdisciplinary teams that integrate theory, data, and computing can now produce urgently needed, action-oriented climate science. ON THE COVER: This optical micrograph shows a cross section of finger- like projections, known as villi, from the uppermost part of a mammalian intestine. The inner surface of the intestine renews itself every three to five days as epithelial cells migrate from the bottom to the top of the villi, where they are shed into the intestine and discarded. For more on collective cell migration in living tissue, turn to the article by Ricard Alert and Xavier Trepat 44 on page 30. (Image by Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library.) PHYSICS TODAY (ISSN 0031-9228, coden PHTOAD) volume 74, number 6. Published monthly by the American Institute of Recently on Physics, 1305 Walt Whitman Rd, Suite 300, Melville, NY 11747-4300. Periodicals postage paid at Huntington Station, NY, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: PHYSICS Send address changes to PHYSICS TODAY, American Institute of Physics, 1305 Walt Whitman Rd, Suite 300, Melville, NY 11747-4300. Views expressed in PHYSICS TODAY and on its BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY LANELL WILLIAMS JENNIFER JO PIZZA/NOAA website are those of the authors and TODAY not necessarily those of AIP or any of Moving for muons Equity in science Arctic research its member societies. ONLINE The much-anticipated result Women of color often face David Kennedy was Copyright © 2021, American Institute of Physics. Single from the Muon g – 2 discouragement and hostile recently appointed chair copies of individual articles may be made for private use experiment (see page 14) environments in STEM. of the US Arctic Research or research. Authorization is given to copy articles beyond www.physicstoday.org was made possible by Bryné Hadnott reports on Commission, a body that the free use permitted under US Copyright Law, provided transporting a massive how such experiences advises the White House that the copying fee of $30.00 per copy per article is paid superconducting magnet inspired Harvard University and Congress. He talks to to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr, Danvers, MA 01923. For articles published before 1978, from New York to suburban graduate student LaNell PHYSICS TODAY’s Toni Feder the copying fee is $0.25 per article. Authorization does not Chicago in 2013. PHYSICS Williams to found the about his decades spent in extend to systematic or multiple reproduction or to TODAY chronicles the Women+ of Color Project, the Arctic and the chal- republication in any form. In all such cases, specific written voyage and the subsequent which is devoted to lenges faced by its ecosys- permission from AIP must be obtained. Send requests for work that enabled the increasing representation tem and the Indigenous permission to AIP Office of Rights and Permissions, 1305 recent muon measurement. in STEM PhD programs. people who live there. Walt Whitman Rd, Suite 300, Melville, NY 11747-4300; physicstoday.org/Jun2021a physicstoday.org/Jun2021b physicstoday.org/Jun2021c phone +1 516 576-2268; email [email protected]. JUNE 2021 | PHYSICS TODAY 5 pt_contents0621_Contents 5/17/2021 12:08 PM Page 6 Editor-in-chief Charles Day [email protected] PHYSICS TODAY Managing editor www.physicstoday.org Richard J. Fitzgerald [email protected] Art and production Donna Padian, art director DEPARTMENTS Freddie A. Pagani, graphic designer Cynthia B. Cummings, photographer 8 From the editor Nathan Cromer Editors Ryan Dahn [email protected] 10 Readers’ forum Toni Feder [email protected] Letters Heather M. Hill [email protected] David Kramer [email protected] Alex Lopatka [email protected] 14 Search & discovery Christine Middleton [email protected] Muon measurements embolden the search for new physics Johanna L. Miller [email protected] • Polarized light shows hot gas swirling around a galactic Gayle G. Parraway [email protected] 14 R. Mark Wilson [email protected] core • A European snowstorm is linked to climate change Online Paul K.
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