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ASSESSING the SUSTAINABILITY of HOUSEHOLD EXTENSION and FRAGMENTATION UNDER SCENARIOS of GLOBAL CHANGE by Colin Th Pugkeenga: Assessing the Sustainability of Household Extension and Fragmentation under Scenarios of Global Change Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors West, Colin Thor Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 15:24:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195139 1 PUGKÊENGA: ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD EXTENSION AND FRAGMENTATION UNDER SCENARIOS OF GLOBAL CHANGE by Colin Thor West Copyright © Colin Thor West 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 6 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Colin Thor West entitled Pugkêenga: Assessing the Sustainability of Household Extension and Fragmentation under Scenarios of Global Change and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 8/29/2006 Dr. Mamadou A. Baro _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 8/29/2006 Dr. Timothy J. Finan _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 8/29/2006 Dr. J. Stephen Lansing _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 8/29/2006 Dr. Andrew C. Comrie Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 8/29/2006 Dissertation Director: Mamadou A. Baro 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: _______Colin Thor West_______________ 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to first acknowledge the tremendous support and guidance I received from Dr. M. Carla Roncoli of the University of Georgia. Dr. Roncoli helped with multiple phases of this research from the research design, proposal, field contacts and write-up. I owe her a deep and profound debt of gratitude. I also recognize the support and guidance of my other committee members Timothy J. Finan, J. Stephen Lansing, and Andrew Comrie who made this all possible. Of course, I particularly thank my chair, Mamadou Baro who was critical in providing moral and intellectual support throughout my years as a graduate student. I would also like to recognize the generous support of several organizations that made this dissertation possible and successful. Field work in Burkina Faso was supported by a Population Council Dissertation Research Fellowship in the Social Sciences. Pre- dissertation fieldwork also in Burkina Faso was made possible through a Pre-dissertation Research Fellowship from the West African Research Association (WARA). The SBSRI Dissertation Research Grant Program, the Thompson Endowment at the Arizona State Museum, and a Dissertation Improvement Grant from the Global Change Minor IDP funded parts of the research as well. I would like to extend a particular word of thanks to the Marshall Foundation who awarded me a 2006 Louise Foucar Marshall Foundation Dissertation Fellowship, which made writing immensely easier. I would also like to thank Dr. Simon P. J. Batterbury who helped me make contact with communities and colleagues in Bam Province. He also provided access to the incomparable Honda XR 250 moto that made traveling to remote locations possible and oh, so much fun. I thank Director Ouattara at the METEO, Director Kabore of the INSD, Mr. Sanou of the IGB, and Lydia Saoucou of the Population Council in Ouagadougou for their help. I owe a great deal of thanks to Zood Nooma, PATECORE, and the Departément Provincial de l’Agriculture of Kongoussi for their collaboration. I would also like to extend thanks to Gary Christopherson, Peter Johnson, and especially the incomparable Phil O. Leckman of CASA who helped with the GIS. Fellow dissertators John Mazzeo and Jim Vint helped me in revising text and providing encouragement. Fellow graduate students Dr. Trenna Valado, Jodi Perin, Karyn Fox, and Kate Goldade helped me with the final proof-reading and did a wonderful job. My twin sister Heather helped me so much with my presentation and I appreciate it. I would like to thank the all the good people of CENEC, a truly great dolo stand, in Kongoussi. Madame Jacqueline Tarnagada and her nephew T.D. Ouédraogo deserve thanks for providing housing in Kongoussi. I appreciate all the help of Jonas Daboué who helped me with everything you can imagine. I also thank the numerous participants in our survey along with the communities of Loulouka, Sakou, and Kouka. I owe a great deal of thanks to Aimé Bonaventure Somé, my research assistant, guide, and kiema without whom none of this would have been possible. Last and most of all, I want to thank Anne who just made this whole endeavor worthwhile. 5 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Boukary SAWADOGO, the Chef de la ISG et de la Démographie at INSD. Boukary tirelessly helped me obtain information, transform data, and provide context and meaning to my work. He was a good friend and inestimable colleague. His unexpected and sudden death in 2005 is a great loss to me personally and also a huge loss to his service and country. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 2. HOUSEHOLD EXTENSION, FRAGMENTATION, AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS................................................................................. 19 2.1 Independent and Extended Households................................................................... 20 2.2 Sustainable Livelihoods........................................................................................... 29 2.3 Integrating Frameworks........................................................................................... 34 2.4 Pugkêenga and Independent Households ................................................................ 36 2.5 Anthropological Perspectives on Pugkêenga and Independent Households........... 41 2.6 An Integrated Approach to Household Extension and Fragmentation.................... 48 CHAPTER 3. KONGOUSSI LIVELIHOODS AND THEIR CONTEXT................ 53 3.1 Political Characteristics ........................................................................................... 53 3.2 Physical Characteristics ........................................................................................... 59 3.3 Climatic Characteristics........................................................................................... 60 3.4 Ethnic Composition ................................................................................................. 65 3.5 Social Organization.................................................................................................. 70 3.6 Livelihood Systems.................................................................................................. 79 CHAPTER 4. MOSSI REGIONAL HISTORY AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 89 4.1 History of Mossi Occupation on the northern Central Plateau................................ 89 4.2 The Influence of History on Contemporary Livelihoods....................................... 100 4.3 Kinship, History, and Household Extension and Fragmentation........................... 105 CHAPTER 5. SURVEY RESULTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR LIVELIHOOD SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................... 111 5.1 Goals of the Quantitative Household Livelihood Survey...................................... 111 5.2 Survey Methodology.............................................................................................. 112 5.3 Pugkêenga and Independent Household Frequencies ........................................... 115 5.4 Population Pressure................................................................................................ 118 5.5 Chayanov Consumer/Producer Ratios................................................................... 123 5.6 Productive Assets..................................................................................................
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