BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT

CASCADA VERDE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Prepared for: Lanshire Housing Partners LLC 2633 South Fairfax Avenue Culver City, California 90232 Contact: Matt Nelson

Prepared by: LSA Associates, Inc. 703 Palomar Airport Road, Suite 260 Carlsbad, California 92011 (760) 931-5471

LSA Project No. IKN1301

March 2015

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1.0: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ...... 1 SECTION 2.0: INTRODUCTION ...... 2 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2 2.2 BIOLOGICAL STUDY AREA ...... 2 SECTION 3.0: METHODS ...... 4 3.1 LITERATURE AND DATABASE REVIEW ...... 4 3.2 GENERAL BIOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY ...... 4 3.3 FOCUSED PLANT SURVEYS ...... 5 3.4 COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER FOCUSED SURVEY ...... 5 3.5 JURISDICTIONAL DELINEATION ...... 5 SECTION 4.0: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 7 4.1 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...... 7 4.1.1 Riparian Woodland...... 7 4.1.2 Coastal Sage Scrub ...... 7 4.1.3 Native Grassland ...... 9 4.1.4 Nonnative Grassland ...... 9 4.1.5 Eucalyptus Woodland...... 9 4.1.6 Landscape/Ornamental ...... 9 4.1.7 Disturbed Land ...... 9 4.1.8 Developed ...... 9 4.2 TOPOGRAPHY ...... 9 4.3 SOILS ...... 10 4.4 SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES ...... 10 4.4.1 Special-Status Plants ...... 11 4.4.2 Special-Status Wildlife ...... 11 4.5 USFWS CRITICAL HABITAT AREAS ...... 13 4.6 WILDLIFE CORRIDORS ...... 13 4.7 AQUATIC RESOURCES ...... 13 SECTION 5.0: IMPACT DETERMINATIONS ...... 16 5.1 PROJECT-SPECIFIC IMPACTS ...... 16 5.1.1 Permanent Impacts ...... 16 5.1.2 Temporary Impacts...... 16 5.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...... 16

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5.3 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES ...... 18 5.4 SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES ...... 18 5.4.1 Special-Status Invertebrate Species ...... 18 5.4.2 Special-Status Avian Species and Nesting Birds ...... 18 5.4.3 Special-Status Mammal Species ...... 18 5.5 USFWS CRITICAL HABITAT AREAS ...... 18 5.6 WILDLIFE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS ...... 19 5.7 AQUATIC RESOURCES ...... 19 5.7.1 Avoidance and Minimization of Jurisdictional Impacts ...... 19 5.7.2 Permanent and Temporary Impacts ...... 19 SECTION 6.0: MITIGATION AND AVOIDANCE, AND MINIMIZATION OF IMPACTS TO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES...... 22 6.1 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ...... 22 6.2 POTENTIALLY JURISDICTIONAL AREAS ...... 22 6.3 POTENTIAL ON-SITE CREATION, RESTORATION, AND ENHANCEMENT ...... 23 6.4 WILDLIFE CONSTRAINTS ...... 23 6.5 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 24 SECTION 7.0: REFERENCES ...... 25

FIGURES Figure 1: Project Location ...... 3 Figure 2: Vegetation Map ...... 8 Figure 3: Potential Resource Agency Jurisdiction Map ...... 14 Figure 4: Vegetation Impacts Map ...... 17 Figure 5: Potential Resource Agency Jurisdiction Impacts Map ...... 21

TABLES Table A: Vegetation Communities within the BSA ...... 7 Table B: Criteria for Evaluating Special-Status Plant and Wildlife Species Potential for Occurrence (PFO) ...... 11 Table C: Potential Corps and RWQCB Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. within the BSA ...... 15 Table D: Potential CDFW Jurisdiction within the BSA ...... 15 Table E: Anticipated Impacts by Vegetation Community Type (Acres) ...... 16 Table F: Potential Impacts to Corps and RWQCB Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S...... 19 Table G: Potential Impacts to CDFW Jurisdiction (acres) ...... 19 Table H: Mitigation for Impacts to Vegetation Communities ...... 22 Table I: Mitigation for Impacts to Potentially Jurisdictional Areas ...... 22

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APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Plant Species Observed List APPENDIX B: Wildlife Species Observed List APPENDIX C: Coastal California Gnatcatcher Focused Survey Report APPENDIX D: Jurisdiction Delineation Report APPENDIX E: Special-Status Species Occurrence Table APPENDIX F: Site Photographs

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SECTION 1.0: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Lanshire Housing Partners LLC (Lanshire) proposes to construct 36 condominium dwelling units on a vacant and undeveloped 3.55-acre parcel within a canyon located north of Alicante Road, between Altisma Way and Altiva Place in Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. Lanshire contracted LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) to conduct a general biological resources survey, vegetation mapping, coastal California gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ) focused surveys, and a formal jurisdictional delineation for this project. The surveys were conducted between the summer of 2013 and fall 2014.

One special-status plant species, San Diego marsh-elder ( Iva hayesiana ), was observed during the biological surveys. No other special-status plant species have the potential to occur within the Biological Study Area (BSA). Although seven special-status animal species have the potential to occur within the BSA, none was detected during biological surveys.

Construction of the Cascada Verde Residential Development Project (project) is expected to affect approximately 0.53 acre of United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) jurisdiction and 1.08 acres of California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) jurisdiction. The project is expected to affect the following vegetation community types: riparian woodland, coastal sage scrub, native grassland, nonnative grassland, eucalyptus woodland, landscape/ornamental, and disturbed land.

Implementation of the mitigation measures listed at the end of the report will contribute to the minimization of impacts to special-status species and habitat, and potentially jurisdictional areas.

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SECTION 2.0: INTRODUCTION

2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Lanshire proposes to construct 36 condominium dwelling units on a vacant and undeveloped 3.55- acre parcel within a canyon located north of Alicante Road, between Altisma Way and Altiva Place in Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (Figure 1).

The original design proposed the construction of 52 condominium units with a grading concept that mostly filled and encroached into the site’s drainage course. That design was the subject of PRE 13- 04 and generated a City of Carlsbad (City) response letter dated February 19, 2013. Since the receipt of that letter, Lanshire has pursued various site design and product type concepts along with follow- up meetings with City staff (Planning, Engineering, Carlsbad Water District, Leucadia Waste Water District, Fire Prevention, and Housing) to assess a revised project.

The current design has been formulated to minimize creek drainage encroachment to the greatest extent feasible.

2.2 BIOLOGICAL STUDY AREA The Biological Study Area (BSA) is located within an undeveloped canyon surrounded by residential development. An unnamed intermittent stream course conveys flows from north to south through the canyon. The majority of the BSA consists of riparian woodland. The site also contains eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) woodland; nonnative grassland; coastal sage scrub; and a small patch of native grassland. Remnant developed areas containing brick flooring, retaining walls, fire pits, and awnings are scattered throughout the southern portion of the BSA, under the riparian woodland canopy.

The BSA is located within the South Coast subregion of the Southwestern California region of the California Floristic Province and within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU) (Carlsbad Watershed). Specifically, the project is located in Sections 25 and 36, Township 12 South, and Range 4 West of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Encinitas, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map.

The BSA is located entirely outside of the coastal zone.

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Project Vicinity

Ã76 San Diego County

§15 Ã78 ¨¦

Project Location ¨¦§5 Ã56

¨¦§805

LEGEND FIGURE 1 Project Location

Cascada Verde Residential 0 1000 2000 Development Project FEET Project Location SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad. (Encinitas, 1975; Rancho Santa Fe, 1983) R:\IKN1301\GIS\ProjectLocation.mxd (3/5/2015)

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

SECTION 3.0: METHODS

3.1 LITERATURE AND DATABASE REVIEW Prior to conducting the field surveys, LSA reviewed existing documentation relevant to the BSA. LSA reviewed the most recent records of the CDFW California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB 2014) and the California Native Plant Society’s Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (CNPS 2014) for the quadrangle containing and surrounding the BSA (i.e., Encinitas, California USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle). The CNDDB contains records of reported occurrences of Federal- and/or State-listed species, proposed endangered or threatened species, California Species of Special Concern (SSC), or otherwise special-status species or habitats that may occur within or in the vicinity of the project area.

3.2 GENERAL BIOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY LSA biologists Dan Rosie and Jaime Morales conducted a general biological reconnaissance survey on May 7, 2013, that included the following elements:

• Mapping of habitat types; • A directed search for special-status plant species that potentially could occur within the BSA; • A general inventory of plant and wildlife species; • Evaluation of suitability of habitat for special-status resources that may be identified during the literature search; • Preliminary identification of areas that may be considered wetlands, waters of the U.S., or streambeds as defined by the Corps and the CDFW; and • Notes on other pertinent features or conditions of the site and adjacent lands.

All plant species observed within the BSA were recorded and are included as Appendix A. LSA identified and mapped on aerial photographs plant communities within the project area. The mapped plant communities were digitized using Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and acreages were calculated based on the vegetation types within the BSA. Plant communities were determined in accordance with the categories described in Holland (1986) and Oberbauer (2008). Plant nomenclature follows that of The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California (Hickman 1993). Special-status plant species with a potential to occur within the project area are described below in Section 4.4.1.

All wildlife observed and wildlife sign detected, including tracks, scat, carcasses, burrows, excavations, and vocalizations, were recorded and are included as Appendix B. Additional survey time was spent in those habitats most likely to be utilized by wildlife or in habitats with the potential to support State- and/or federally-listed or proposed species. Notes were made on the general habitat

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types, species observed, and the conditions of the site. Special-status wildlife species with a potential to occur within the project area are described in Section 4.4.2.

LSA biologist Scott Batchelder and Mr. Morales conducted a site visit on October 14, 2014, to assess site conditions relative to the original survey. Mr. Batchelder and Mr. Morales used the original vegetation and jurisdictional delineation maps to document any changes from previous surveys. Plant and wildlife species not observed in the original survey were documented and are included in Appendices A and B.

3.3 FOCUSED PLANT SURVEYS Due to the low potential for occurrence of special-status plant species, no focused plant surveys were conducted for the project.

3.4 COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER FOCUSED SURVEY On August 12, 20, and 27, 2013, LSA Associate/Biologist Ingri Quon conducted three protocol-level coastal California gnatcatcher surveys. These surveys were conducted a minimum of 7 days apart in accordance with United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) survey protocols (USFWS 1997) for lands within an active Natural Community Conservation Planning (NCCP) area. During each survey, Ms. Quon walked slowly along the edge of and through potential coastal California gnatcatcher habitat, listening and looking for this species. Per protocol guidelines, taped recordings of this species were played periodically along the survey route.

Surveys were conducted pursuant to USFWS Permit TE-777965-10 (March 22, 2013–March 21, 2017) and a letter permit from the CDFW attached to Scientific Collecting Permit SC-000777 covering conditions for research on listed birds (November 29, 2012–January 31, 2017).

Information was recorded on the survey start and stop times, weather conditions, and wildlife species observed, including the presence of any brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater ), a nest parasite of many passerine bird species. If coastal California gnatcatcher were detected, data would include the number of individuals, approximate age, sex, color band information, and behavior (e.g., vocalization, foraging behavior, and/or nesting behavior). The results of these surveys are presented in a letter report titled Coastal California Gnatcatcher Protocol Survey Results: Via Altisma Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County prepared by LSA (2013a). A copy of the report is included as Appendix C of this report.

3.5 JURISDICTIONAL DELINEATION Mr. Rosie and Mr. Morales performed the fieldwork associated with a jurisdictional delineation on May 7, 2013. LSA prepared a field map of the area to be surveyed using a 2012 aerial photograph base at a scale of 1 inch = 80 feet. The BSA was surveyed on foot, and all areas of potential jurisdiction were evaluated according to Corps and CDFW criteria. Data were recorded using a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit with sub-meter accuracy and directly on the field map, particularly where GPS reception was limited due to dense tree canopies.

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LSA evaluated areas supporting hydrology or species of plant life potentially indicative of wetlands according to routine wetland delineation procedures described in the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0) (Regional Supplement) (Corps 2008). Representative sample points were selected and examined in the field in those areas where wetland jurisdiction was in question or needed to be confirmed. At each sample point, the dominant and subdominant plant species were identified and their wetland indicator status (Lichvar and Kartesz 2009) noted. A small sample pit (approximately 12–20 inches deep) was dug at each point in order to examine soil characteristics and composition. Soil matrix colors were classified according to the Munsell Soil Color Charts (Munsell Color 2000). Hydrological conditions, including any surface inundation, saturated soils, groundwater levels, and/or other wetland hydrology indicators, were recorded. General site characteristics were also noted. Standard data forms were completed for each sample point. The results of the jurisdictional delineation are presented in a report titled Jurisdictional Delineation Report: Ikon Limited – Carlsbad Parcel, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California prepared by LSA (2013b). A copy of the report is included as Appendix D of this report.

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SECTION 4.0: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES The BSA supports a variety of vegetation communities totaling approximately 3.55 acres. General vegetation communities and other land uses observed during the surveys include riparian woodland, coastal sage scrub, native grassland, nonnative grassland, eucalyptus woodland, landscape/ ornamental, disturbed land, and developed. Figure 2 displays the vegetation communities within the BSA on an aerial photograph. The vegetation communities observed within the BSA are described below. Plant species observed during the surveys are included as Appendix A. Table A presents the total acreages of the vegetation communities identified within the BSA.

Table A: Vegetation Communities within the BSA Vegetation Communities Acreage Riparian Woodland 1.49 Coastal Sage Scrub 0.25 Native Grassland 0.33 Nonnative Grassland 0.28 Eucalyptus Woodland 0.43 Landscape/Ornamental 0.49 Disturbed Land 0.24 Developed 0.01 Grand Total* 3.55 *Total may not equal sum due to rounding

4.1.1 Riparian Woodland Riparian woodland vegetation was observed within the unnamed intermittent stream course. Species observed include a canopy of arroyo willow ( salix lasiolepis ) and Brazilian pepper tree ( Schinus terebinthifolius ) trees with an understory dominated by sandbar willow ( Salix exigua ), yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus ), yerba mansa ( Anemopsis californica ), wild celery ( Apium graveolens ), broadleaf cattail ( Typha latifolia ), and San Diego marsh-elder ( Iva hayesiana ).

4.1.2 Coastal Sage Scrub Coastal sage scrub vegetation was observed at the southeastern and northeastern edges of the BSA. Species observed include California sagebrush (Artemisia californica ), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum ), black sage ( Salvia mellifera ), deerweed (Acmispon glaber ), sticky monkeyflower ( Mimulus aurentiacus ), lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia ), laurel sumac ( Malosma laurina ), and bushmallow (Malacothamnus fasciculatus ).

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ALTIVA PLACE

ALICANTE ROAD

LEGEND FIGURE 2 Biological Study Area Vegetation Types Native Grassland Coastal Sage Scrub Non-Native Grassland Developed Ornamental Disturbed Riparian Woodland Cascada Verde Residential 0 50 100 Development Project FEET Eucalyptus Vegetation Map SOURCE: Aerial - City of Carlsbad (2/2012); Hofman Planning & Engineering (2015) R:\IKN1301\GIS\Vegetation_BTR.mxd (3/5/2015)

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

4.1.3 Native Grassland Native grassland was observed at the northeastern corner of the BSA between patches of coastal sage scrub. Species observed include purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra ), blue eyed grass ( Sisyrinchium bellum ), deerweed, and chalk dudleya ( Dudleya pulverulenta ).

4.1.4 Nonnative Grassland Nonnative grassland was observed at the northern half of the BSA within a strip located east of and adjacent to the riparian woodland. Species observed include ripgut grass ( Bromus diandrus ), sweet fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare ), purple false brome ( Brachypodium distachyon ), petty spurge (Euphorbia peplus ), wild oat ( Avena fatua ), black mustard ( Brassica nigra ), Italian thistle ( Carduus pycnocephalus ), red brome ( Bromus rubens ), and soft chess ( Bromus hordeaceus ).

4.1.5 Eucalyptus Woodland Eucalyptus woodland is present along the northwestern edge of the BSA, west of and adjacent to the riparian woodland. It consists of mature eucalyptus trees.

4.1.6 Landscape/Ornamental Patches of ornamental vegetation are present throughout the BSA. Ornamental vegetation includes trees and shrubs such as pine trees ( Pinus spp.), pepper trees ( Schinus spp.), oleander ( Nerium oleander ), and Mexican fan palm ( Washingtonia robusta ), which are typically associated with rural residences, commercial properties, roadsides, and other developed areas. Additionally, two ornamental western sycamore ( Platanus racemosa) trees were present adjacent to a residence far from a natural water source.

4.1.7 Disturbed Land Disturbed land refers to areas dominated by nonnative vegetation subject to repeated disturbance from foot traffic or vehicle access. Species observed within this designation include ripgut grass, red brome, wild oat, black mustard, Italian thistle, and soft chess.

4.1.8 Developed The developed area within the BSA consists of a paved driveway.

4.2 TOPOGRAPHY Topography within the BSA varies from relatively flat along the canyon bottom to steep slopes at the edges of the canyon.

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4.3 SOILS The Soil Survey for the San Diego Area, California, Part I (Soil Conservation Service 1973) Encinitas, California quadrangle identifies and describes the soil expected to correspond to the drainage within the BSA as Exchequer rocky silt loam on 9 to 30 percent slopes (ExE), a well-drained silt loam that formed in material weathered from hard metabasic rock. Salina clay loam on 2 to 9 percent slopes (SbC) is mapped in the southwestern corner of the BSA.

4.4 SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES The following information is a list of abbreviations used to help determine the significance of special- status biological resources potentially occurring within the BSA.

US: Federal Classifications FE Taxa listed as Endangered. FT Taxa listed as Threatened. FPE Taxa proposed for listing as Endangered. FPT Taxa proposed for listing as Threatened. FPD Taxa proposed for delisting. FC Candidate for listing as Threatened or Endangered. CA: State Classifications SE Taxa State-listed as Endangered. ST Taxa State-listed as Threatened. SR Taxa State-listed as Rare. SCE Candidate for State-listing as Endangered. SCT Candidate for State-listing as Threatened. SSC California Species of Special Concern. Refers to animals with vulnerable or seriously declining populations. CFP California Fully Protected. Refers to animals protected from take under Fish and Game Code sections 3511, 4700, 5050, and 5515. SA Special Animal. Refers to any other animal monitored by the Natural Diversity Data Base, regardless of its legal or protection status. SP Special Plant. Refers to any other plant monitored by the Natural Diversity Data Base, regardless of its legal or protection status. CRPR: California Native Plant Society (CNPS) California Rare Plant Rank (CRPR) Classifications 1A Plants presumed extinct in California. 1B Plants considered by CNPS to be rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. 2 Plants considered by CNPS to be rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere. 3 Plants about which more information is needed – a CNPS review list. 4 Plants of limited distribution – a CNPS watch list. CRPR Extensions 0.1 Seriously endangered in California (greater than 80 percent of occurrences threatened/high degree and immediacy of threat). 0.2 Fairly endangered in California (20 to 80 percent occurrences threatened).

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0.3 Not very endangered in California (less than 20 percent of occurrences threatened).

Table B lists criteria for evaluating special-status plant and wildlife species potential for occurrence (PFO).

Table B: Criteria for Evaluating Special-Status Plant and Wildlife Species Potential for Occurrence (PFO) PFO Criteria Absent Species is restricted to habitats or environmental conditions that do not occur within the BSA. Low Historical records for this species do not exist within the BSA, and/or habitats or environmental conditions needed to support the species are of poor quality. Moderate Either a historical record exists of the species within the BSA and marginal habitat exists within the proposed work areas or the habitat requirements or environmental conditions associated with the species occur within the proposed work areas, but no historical records exist within the BSA. High Both a historical record exists of the species and the habitat requirements and environmental conditions associated with the species occur within the BSA. Present Species was detected within or near the BSA during project surveys.

Each special-status plant and wildlife species with the potential to be present in the project vicinity is discussed in Appendix E.

4.4.1 Special-Status Plants The results of the literature review indicate the potential occurrence of 9 species listed as Threatened or Endangered at the Federal and/or State level (hereafter referred to as listed species) and 25 other special-status plant species. Based on the results of the on-site assessment of the BSA, of these 34 special-status plant species, 1 species, San Diego marsh-elder (CRPR Rank 2B.2), was determined to be present, as it was observed within the BSA during the surveys.

4.4.2 Special-Status Wildlife The results of the literature review indicate the potential occurrence of 10 listed species and 17 other special-status animal species. Based on the results of the on-site assessment of the BSA, 7 of these 27 special-status animal species have a moderate or higher potential of occurring within the BSA due to the presence of suitable habitat. These species include monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ), coastal California gnatcatcher, least Bell’s vireo ( Vireo bellii pusillus ), silver-haired bat ( Lasionycteris noctivagans ), western red bat ( Lasiurus blossevillii ), hoary bat ( Lasiurus cinereus ), and western yellow bat ( Lasiurus xanthinus ). Coastal California gnatcatcher is federally-listed as threatened and least Bell’s vireo is federally- and State-listed as endangered. Western red bat and western yellow bat are considered California Species of Special Concern. Monarch butterfly, silver-haired bat, and hoary bat are considered Special Animals by the CDFW. No special-status animal species were observed or otherwise detected in the BSA during the surveys.

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LSA conducted focused protocol-level surveys for coastal California gnatcatcher (discussed in Section 3.4). Focused surveys for the remaining species may be necessary to determine their presence or absence definitively.

4.4.2.1: Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus ) SA. Monarch butterfly has a MODERATE potential to occur within the BSA. The eucalyptus trees located along the western edge of the BSA provide suitable roosting habitat for this species. However, no individuals of this species were detected during biological surveys and the CNDDB lists no records of occurrence for this species within one mile of the BSA.

4.4.2.2: Coastal California Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ) FT, SSC. Coastal California gnatcatcher has a MODERATE potential to forage and nest within coastal sage scrub habitat present in the BSA. LSA conducted protocol presence/absence surveys for this species in 2013. Although suitable habitat is present within the BSA and the CNDDB lists records of this species occurring nearby, no coastal California gnatcatchers were detected during the surveys. A copy of the survey report titled Coastal California Gnatcatcher Protocol Survey Results: Via Altisma Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County prepared by LSA (2013a) is included as Appendix C of this report.

4.4.4.3: Least Bell’s Vireo ( Vireo bellii pusillus ) FE, SE. Least Bell’s vireo has a MODERATE potential to forage and nest within the riparian woodland habitat present in the BSA. Although this species was not detected during the surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014, and the CNDDB lists no records of occurrence within one mile of the BSA, habitat suitable to support this species is present on site.

4.4.4.4: Silver-haired Bat ( Lasionycteris noctivagans ) SA. Silver-haired bat has a MODERATE potential to roost and forage within the riparian woodland habitat present in BSA. Although this species was not detected during the surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014, and the CNDDB lists no records of occurrence within one mile of the BSA, habitat suitable to support this species is present on site.

4.4.4.5: Western Red Bat ( Lasiurus blossevillii ) SSC. Western red bat has a MODERATE potential to roost and forage within the riparian woodland habitat present in BSA. Although this species was not detected during the surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014, and the CNDDB lists no records of occurrence within one mile of the BSA, habitat suitable to support this species is present on site.

4.4.4.6: Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus ) SA. Hoary bat has a MODERATE potential to roost and forage within the riparian woodland habitat present in BSA. Although this species was not detected during the surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014, and the CNDDB lists no records of occurrence within one mile of the BSA, habitat suitable to support this species is present on site.

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4.4.4.7: Western Yellow Bat ( Lasiurus xanthinus ) SSC. Western yellow bat has a MODERATE potential to roost and forage within the riparian woodland habitat and Mexican fan palm trees present in BSA. Although this species was not detected during the surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014, and the CNDDB lists no records of occurrence within one mile of the BSA, habitat suitable to support this species is present on site.

4.5 USFWS CRITICAL HABITAT AREAS Critical habitat for coastal California gnatcatcher is located approximately 2,200 feet north and 5,000 feet south of the BSA.

4.6 WILDLIFE CORRIDORS The majority of the BSA could potentially be used as a migration corridor for wildlife species. The BSA connects to undeveloped strips of land to the north and northeast and a large undeveloped area to the east.

4.7 AQUATIC RESOURCES An unnamed intermittent stream course conveys flows from north to south through the canyon within the BSA. The drainage conveys flows in the northern portion of the BSA via a natural channel to an elevated earthen road crossing that includes a 36-inch diameter culvert. The drainage in the southern portion of the BSA consists of various previously-excavated braided channels that convey most flows to a 72-inch diameter culvert at Alicante Road and into the local storm drain system. Several culvert outlets (presumably storm drain outlets) are located at the southern portion of the site. Additionally, several unauthorized landscape drains outlet into the channel throughout the site. These outlets provide additional water sources that support the wetlands hydrology.

The unnamed intermittent stream course is tributary to San Marcos Creek, Batiquitos Lagoon, and ultimately the Pacific Ocean (a Traditional Navigable Water [TNW] of the U.S.). Because of the direct connection with the Pacific Ocean, this feature is subject to Corps jurisdiction to the Ordinary High-Water Mark (OHWM) and adjacent wetlands. The entire area mapped as wetlands meets all three criteria for wetland waters of the U.S. as defined by the Corps: wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and dominance of hydrophytic plant species. Riparian woodland vegetation associated with this drainage feature, including streambed and banks, is subject to CDFW jurisdiction.

The BSA is not within the 100-year floodplain. Functions and values for this feature were determined to have a moderate to high significance in terms of resources. Figure 3 depicts the location of this feature and extent of resource agency jurisdiction. Further information about the aquatic resources present within the BSA is presented in a report titled Jurisdictional Delineation Report: Ikon Limited – Carlsbad Parcel, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California prepared by LSA (2013b). A copy of the report is included as Appendix D of this report.

Tables C and D display the total acreages of potential Corps/Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) and CDFW jurisdiction identified within the BSA, respectively.

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LEGEND FIGURE 3 Biological Study Area Potential Jurisdictional Areas CDFW Streambed/Banks and Riparian Vegetation Corps Wetland Waters of the U.S. Cascada Verde Residential 0 50 100 Development Project FEET Potentially Jurisdictional Areas SOURCE: Aerial - City of Carlsbad (2/2012); Hofman Planning & Engineering (2015) R:\IKN1301\GIS\JD_BTR.mxd (2/27/2015)

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Table C: Potential Corps and RWQCB Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. within the BSA Linear Wetland Non-Wetland Total Corps/RWQCB Feature Feet Waters (Acres) Waters (Acres) Jurisdiction (Acres) Drainage and 736 1.00 0 1.00 Associated Terraces

Table D: Potential CDFW Jurisdiction within the BSA Streambed/Banks and Riparian Vegetation Total CDFW Jurisdiction Feature (Acres) (Acres) Drainage and Associated 1.56 1.56 Terraces

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SECTION 5.0: IMPACT DETERMINATIONS

5.1 PROJECT-SPECIFIC IMPACTS Construction of this project would result in temporary disturbance and/or permanent loss of special- status vegetation communities. In addition, temporary disturbance and/or permanent loss could occur to special-status plant and wildlife species.

5.1.1 Permanent Impacts Permanent loss involves long-term impacts associated with permanent features such as condominiums, roads, a bridge, and other miscellaneous features.

5.1.2 Temporary Impacts Temporary disturbance includes short-term impacts that will occur during construction, such as grading and personnel/equipment access.

5.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES Table E outlines the temporary and permanent impacts anticipated to occur to each vegetation community type/land use as a result of project-related activities. Figure 4 displays the impacts to vegetation communities within the BSA on an aerial photograph.

Table E: Anticipated Impacts by Vegetation Community Type (Acres) Vegetation Community Temporary Permanent Total Riparian Woodland 0.24 0.76 1.00 Coastal Sage Scrub 0.08 0.19 0.28 Native Grassland 0.01 0.32 0.33 Nonnative Grassland 0.07 0.20 0.26 Eucalyptus Woodland 0.07 0.50 0.57 Landscape/Ornamental 0.13 0.29 0.42 Disturbed Land 0.04 0.18 0.22 Developed 0.04 0.00 0.04 Total* 0.68 2.44 3.12 *Total may not equal sum due to rounding

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LEGEND FIGURE 4 Biological Study Area Vegetation Types Native Grassland Permanent Impacts Coastal Sage Scrub Non-Native Grassland Temporary Impacts Developed Ornamental Disturbed Riparian Woodland Cascada Verde Residential 0 50 100 Development Project FEET Eucalyptus Vegetation Impacts SOURCE: Aerial - City of Carlsbad (2/2012); Hofman Planning & Engineering (2015) R:\IKN1301\GIS\Veg_Impacts_BTR.mxd (3/2/2015)

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5.3 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT SPECIES Construction activities will affect special-status plant species. San Diego marsh-elder was observed within the BSA during the general reconnaissance survey. This species will be affected by project- related activities. No other special-status plant species were observed during surveys. Furthermore, other than San Diego marsh-elder, no other special-status plant species had a moderate or higher potential of occurring within the BSA.

5.4 SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES 5.4.1 Special-Status Invertebrate Species No special-status invertebrate species were observed during survey; however, monarch butterfly has a MODERATE potential to occur within the BSA. The eucalyptus woodland located along the northwestern edge of the BSA provides suitable roosting habitat for this species. Removal of the eucalyptus woodland could potentially affect monarch butterfly directly or indirectly through loss of suitable roosting habitat.

5.4.2 Special-Status Avian Species and Nesting Birds No special-status avian species were observed during general and protocol surveys; however, coastal California gnatcatcher and least Bell’s vireo both have a MODERATE potential to occur within the BSA based on the presence of suitable habitat. Impacts to coastal sage scrub and riparian woodland have the potential to affect coastal California gnatcatcher and least Bell’s vireo, respectively, directly or indirectly through the loss of suitable foraging and nesting habitat. Additionally, project-related activities may cause both temporary and permanent impacts to foraging and/or nesting habitat for avian species that are not considered special-status, but are covered under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).

In order to avoid and minimize impacts to nesting birds, a qualified biologist should conduct a nesting bird survey no more than 48 hours prior to vegetation-clearing activities if project activities are conducted during the bird breeding season (February 1 through September 15).

5.4.3 Special-Status Mammal Species No special-status mammal species were observed during surveys; however, silver-haired bat, western red bat, Hoary bat, and western yellow bat have a MODERATE potential to occur within the BSA based on the presence of suitable habitat. Impacts to riparian woodland and Mexican fan palm trees have the potential to affect these species directly or indirectly through the loss of suitable foraging and roosting habitat.

5.5 USFWS CRITICAL HABITAT AREAS No designated critical habitat will be affected by proposed project activities.

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5.6 WILDLIFE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS The project is expected to affect wildlife movement due to a narrowing of the drainage corridor. Although the project design includes double 9-foot-wide by 5-foot-high box culverts under a 31-foot- long driveway crossing, which will enable wildlife to move within the longitudinal extent of the drainage, much of the movement corridor will be narrower than its pre-construction state. Additionally, because storm water will be concentrated into a narrower drainage, thus likely increasing the rate of water flow, terrestrial wildlife movement may be further affected.

5.7 AQUATIC RESOURCES Tables F and G display the total acreages of potential impacts to Corps/RWQCB and CDFW jurisdiction identified within the BSA, respectively. Figure 5 depicts the extent of impacts to resource agency jurisdiction within the BSA.

Table F: Potential Impacts to Corps and RWQCB Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. Linear Wetland Waters Non-Wetland Total Corps Feet (Acres) Waters (Acres) Jurisdiction (Acres)

Feature Permanent Permanent Permanent Permanent Temporary Temporary Temporary Temporary

Drainage and 121 301 0.23 0.30 0 0 0.23 0.30 Associated Terraces

Table G: Potential Impacts to CDFW Jurisdiction (acres) Streambed/Banks and Riparian Vegetation Total CDFW Feature Temporary Permanent Jurisdiction Drainage and Associated Terraces 0.35 0.73 1.08

5.7.1 Avoidance and Minimization of Jurisdictional Impacts The project design team, in consultation with LSA and using the mapped limits of jurisdictional resources, worked to minimize impacts to jurisdictional areas to the greatest practical extent. Additionally, Best Management Practices (BMPs) will be installed throughout the project where applicable to prevent off-site sedimentation.

5.7.2 Permanent and Temporary Impacts Permanent and temporary impacts to jurisdictional areas will occur as a result of project-related activities. Permanent loss involves long-term impacts associated with permanent features such as condominiums, roads, a bridge, and other miscellaneous features. Temporary disturbance includes

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short-term impacts that will occur during construction, such as grading and personnel/equipment access.

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LEGEND FIGURE 5 Biological Study Area Potential Jurisdictional Areas Permanent Impacts CDFW Streambed/Banks and Riparian Vegetation Temporary Impacts Corps Wetland Waters of the U.S. Cascada Verde Residential 0 50 100 Development Project FEET Jurisdictional Impacts SOURCE: Aerial - City of Carlsbad (2/2012); Hofman Planning & Engineering (2015) R:\IKN1301\GIS\JD_Impacts_BTR.mxd (3/5/2015)

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SECTION 6.0: MITIGATION AND AVOIDANCE, AND MINIMIZATION OF IMPACTS TO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

6.1 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES All project-related impacts will occur in areas outside the Habitat Mitigation Plan (HMP) Hardline Preserve. Table H displays the appropriate mitigation ratios (as described in the HMP) and anticipated mitigation totals for impacts to vegetation communities.

Table H: HMP-Required Mitigation for Impacts to Vegetation Communities Vegetation HMP-Required Impact Area Anticipated Mitigation Community Mitigation Ratio (acres) Requirement (acres) Riparian Woodland 3:1 1.00 3.00 Native Grassland 3:1 0.28 0.84 Coastal Sage Scrub 1:1 0.33 0.33 Nonnative Grassland 0.5:1 0.26 0.13 Per-acre in-lieu mitigation 0.57 TBD 1 Eucalyptus Woodland fee Per-acre in-lieu mitigation 0.42 TBD 1 Landscape/Ornamental fee Per-acre in-lieu mitigation 0.22 TBD 1 Disturbed Land fee Developed 0:0 0.04 0 4.30 acres plus per-acre in-lieu Total 2 3.12 mitigation fees 1 Per-acre in-lieu mitigation fee amounts are to be determined by the City Council. 2 Total may not equal sum due to rounding.

6.2 POTENTIALLY JURISDICTIONAL AREAS Impacts are expected to occur to areas potentially subject to the jurisdiction of resource agencies; therefore, consultation and/or acquisition of permits will be required from the RWQCB, CDFW, and the Corps for this project. Table I displays the appropriate mitigation ratios and anticipated mitigation totals for impacts to jurisdictional areas.

Table I: Mitigation for Impacts to Potentially Jurisdictional Areas Proposed Impact Area Anticipated Mitigation Agency Mitigation Ratio (acres) Requirement (acres) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1.5:1 0.53 0.80 Wetland Waters of the U.S. 2

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Table I: Mitigation for Impacts to Potentially Jurisdictional Areas Proposed Impact Area Anticipated Mitigation Agency Mitigation Ratio (acres) Requirement (acres) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Non- 1.5:1 0.00 0.00 wetland Waters of the U.S. 1 California Department of Fish and 1.5:1 1.08 1.62 Wildlife Jurisdictional Area 1 Regional Water Quality Control Board mitigation requirements are expected to be identical to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waters of the U.S.

Mitigation for impacts to Corps jurisdictional areas will be satisfied by meeting the mitigation requirement for impacts to CDFW jurisdictional areas.

6.3 POTENTIAL ON-SITE CREATION, RESTORATION, AND ENHANCEMENT Approximately 0.11 acre of nonnative grassland, coastal sage scrub, and ornamental vegetation to be affected by project-related activities associated with drainage realignment will be used for on-site creation of wetland habitat. Upon completion of grading and construction activities, these areas will be planted with native wetland container plants, cuttings, and seed.

Approximately 0.23 acre of riparian woodland to be temporarily affected by project-related activities will be restored. Upon completion of grading and construction activities, these areas will be planted with wetland container plants, cuttings, and seed.

Approximately 0.49 acre of riparian woodland within the southern half of the drainage will not be affected by project-related activities. This land will be enhanced, meaning that all nonnative species will be removed. LSA anticipates that native vegetation will fill in the voids left by the removed nonnative vegetation. However, if the voids appear to be greater than that which can be filled by the existing vegetation, installation of container plants, cuttings, and/or seed is recommended.

A total of 0.84 acre of on-site creation (0.11 acre), restoration (0.25 acre), and enhancement (0.49 acre) would be used to offset anticipated mitigation for impacts to potentially jurisdictional areas.

6.4 WILDLIFE CONSTRAINTS LSA recommends that clearing and grubbing of vegetation be conducted outside of the bird breeding season (i.e., between September 16 and February 1). Clearing and grubbing of vegetation during the bird breeding season may be conducted if a nest survey within the project impact footprint and appropriate buffer yielding negative results is conducted by a qualified biologist no more than 48 hours prior to the activity.

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6.5 MITIGATION MEASURES In order to minimize impacts to existing biological resources, LSA recommends the following measures during project implementation:

• The contractor should install orange construction fencing (or similar) along the perimeter of the project impact area. • A biological monitor should be present during all vegetation clearing and initial BMP installation. • If vegetation clearing must occur during the bird breeding season (February 1 through September 15), LSA recommends that a qualified biologist survey for the presence of nesting birds within the immediate project vicinity no more than 48 hours prior to vegetation clearing. If clearing does not occur within 48 hours of the nesting bird survey, then the area should be resurveyed. If nesting birds are found, then the qualified biologist should establish an adequate buffer zone (on a species by species, case by case basis) in which construction activities are prohibited until the nest is no longer active. If the species is federally or State-listed as threatened or endangered, then consultation with the USFWS and CDFW are required for direction on appropriate buffer zone radius; however, if the species is not federally or State-listed as threatened or endangered, then the size of the buffer zone is determined by the biological monitor based on the amount, intensity, and duration of construction, and can be altered based on site conditions. The permitting agencies may impose additional conditions regarding the protection of nesting birds. • All vehicles, equipment, tools, and supplies shall stay within the limits of the project impact footprint. Vegetation and potentially jurisdictional features located outside of the proposed impact areas are not to be disturbed during access or construction. • Best Management Practice (BMP) features (e.g., silt fencing, straw waddles, and gravel bags) should be installed at the project impact areas adjacent to potentially jurisdictional areas to prevent off-site sedimentation. • Long-term storage of equipment, vehicles, tools, and supplies shall occur only within the impact areas within the project footprint and designated staging areas. Vegetation and potentially jurisdictional areas located outside of the proposed impact areas are not to be used for storage.

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SECTION 7.0: REFERENCES

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1998. The A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds, Seventh Edition, American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C.; and supplements; see http://www.aou.org/checklist/north/index.php.

Bontrager, D.R. 1991. Habitat Requirements, Home Range and Breeding Biology of the California Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica ) in South Orange County, California. Prepared for Santa Margarita Company, Rancho Santa Margarita, California.

Brown, B.T. 1993. Bell’s Vireo ( Vireo bellii ). In The Birds of North America , No. 35 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.

CDFW. 2013. RareFind Version 3.1.0, Records search executed on July 15, 2013, covering the United States Geological Survey 7.5-minute series topographic maps, Encinitas, California quadrangles. Resource Management and Planning Division. Biogeographic Data Branch, Natural Diversity Database. Sacramento, California.

California Native Plant Society Electronic Inventory (CNPSEI). 2013. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (http://www.cnps.org/ inventory). Records search executed on July 15, 2013, covering the United States Geological Survey 7.5-minute series topographic maps, Encinitas, California quadrangles. California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, California.

Crother, B.I. ed. 2012. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico. Herpetological Circular 39.

Gray, J., and D. Bramlet. 1992. Habitat Classification System, Natural Resources, Geographic Information System (GIS) Project. County of Orange Environmental Management Agency, Santa Ana, California.

Hickman, J.C., ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA. 1,400 pp.

Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California . State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Natural Heritage Division, Sacramento, California.

LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA). 2013a. Coastal California Gnatcatcher Protocol Survey Results: Via Altisma Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County.

LSA. 2013b. Jurisdictional Delineation Report: Ikon Limited – Carlsbad Parcel, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California .

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Mock, P.J., B.L. Jones, and J. Konecny. 1990. California Gnatcatcher Survey Guidelines. ERC Environmental and Energy Services Co.

North American Butterfly Association. 2001. NABA checklist and English Names of North American Butterflies, Second Edition, North American Butterfly Association, Morristown, New Jersey; see http://www.naba.org/pubs/checklst.html.

Oberbauer, Thomas, Meghan Kelly, and Jeremy Buegge. March 2008. Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County. Based on “Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California”, Robert F. Holland, Ph.D., October 1986.

Paulson, D. 2009. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Rebman, J.P., and M.G. Simpson. 2006. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County , 4 th Edition. San Diego. Natural History Museum, San Diego, California.

Stebbins, R.C., and S.M. McGinnis. 2012. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California, Revised Edition, University of California Press, Berkeley.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). 2013. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Official Soil Series Descriptions. Online: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/ classification/osd/index.html.

USDA-NRCS. 2013. List of Hydric Soils - National List; all states. See ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/ NSSC/Hydric_Soils/Lists/hydric_soils.xlsx.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1997. Coastal California Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ) Presence/Absence Survey Guidelines – February 28, 1997.

USFWS. 2010. Coastal California gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ) 5-year review: summary and evaluation. Carlsbad Field Office. September 29.

USFWS. 2013a. National Wetlands Inventory Maps. See http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/.

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2013. 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps for Encinitas, California .

Wilson, D.E., and D.M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World, Third Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland; see http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/ mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm.

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APPENDIX A

VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES OBSERVED

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The following vascular plant species were observed within the BSA by LSA biologists during site surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014.

Vascular Plant Species Observed Scientific Name Common Name Anacardiaceae Sumac family Malosma laurina Laurel sumac Rhus integrifolia Lemonade berry Schinus molle (introduced, nonnative species) Peruvian pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolius (introduced, nonnative species) Brazilian pepper tree Apiaceae Carrot family Apium graveolens (introduced, nonnative species) Wild celery Foeniculum vulgare (introduced, nonnative species) Sweet fennel Apocynacecae Dogbane family Nerium oleander (introduced, nonnative species) Oleander Arecaceae Palm family Washingtonia robusta (introduced, nonnative species) Mexican fan palm Asteraceae Sunflower family Artemisia californica California sagebrush Isocoma menziesii Coastal goldenbush Iva hayesiana San Diego marsh-elder Brassicaceae Mustard family Brassica nigra (introduced, nonnative species) Black mustard Crassulaceae Stonecrop family Dudleya pulverulenta Chalk dudleya Cyperaceae Sedge family Cyperus involucratus (introduced, nonnative species) Umbrella plant Ericaceae Blueberry family Euphorbia peplus (introduced, nonnative species) Petty spurge Fabaceae Pea family Acmispon glaber Deerweed Iridaceae Iris family Iris pseudacorus (introduced, nonnative species) Yellow iris Sisyrinchium bellum Bluy-eyed grass Lamiaceae Mint family Salvia mellifera Black sage Magnoliaceae Magnolia family Malacothamnus fremontii Bush mallow Myrtaceae Myrtle family Eucalyptus spp. (introduced, nonnative species) Eucalyptus

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Vascular Plant Species Observed Scientific Name Common Name Pinaceae Pine family Pinus spp. (introduced, nonnative species) Pines Platanaceae Sycamore family Platanus racemosa Western sycamore Poaceae Grass family Avena fatua (introduced, nonnative species) Wild oat Brachypodium distachyon (introduced, nonnative species) Purple false brome Bromus diandrus (introduced, nonnative species) Common ripgut grass Bromus hordeaceus (introduced, nonnative species) Soft chess Bromus rubens (introduced, nonnative species) Red brome Cortaderia selloana (introduced, nonnative species) Pampas grass Ehrharta erecta (introduced, nonnative species) Panic veldtgrass Lolium multiflorum (introduced, nonnative species) Italian ryegrass Nassella pulchra Purple needlegrass Polygonaceae Buckwheat family Eriogonum fasciculatum California buckwheat Salicaceae Willow family Salix exigua Sandbar willow Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow Saururaceae Lizard-tail family Anemopsis californica Yerba mansa Scrophulariaceae Figwort family Mimulus aurantiacus Sticky monkey flower Typhaceae Cattail family Typha latifolia Broadleaf cattail Taxonomy and scientific nomenclature generally conform to Hickman (1993). Common names for each taxa generally conform to the Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County (Simpson and Rebman 2006).

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APPENDIX B

WILDLIFE SPECIES OBSERVED

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This is a list of the conspicuous aerial insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals noted in or adjacent to the BSA by LSA biologists during site surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014. Presence may be noted if a species is seen or heard, or identified by the presence of tracks, scat, or other signs.

Wildlife Species Observed Scientific Name Common Name LEPIDOPTERA BUTTERFLIES Papilionidae Swallowtails Papilio rutulus Western tiger swallowtail Pieridae Whites and Sulphurs Pontia protodice Common white AVES BIRDS Accipitridae Hawks, Kites, Eagles, and Allies Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed hawk Charadriidae Plovers and Lapwings Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Columbidae Pigeons and Doves Zenaida macroura Mourning dove Trochilidae Hummingbirds Calypte anna Anna’s hummingbird Picidae Woodpeckers and Allies Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn woodpecker Falconidae Caracaras and Falcons Falco sparverius American kestrel Tyrannidae Tyrant Flycatchers Sayornis nigricans Black phoebe Corvidae Crows and Jays Aphelocoma californica Western scrub-jay Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow Aegithalidae Long-Tailed Tits and Bushtits Psaltriparus minimus Bushtit Sylviidae Sylviid Warblers Chamaea fasciata Wrentit Mimidae Mockingbirds and Thrashers Mimus polyglottos Northern mockingbird Sturnidae Starlings Sturnus vulgaris (not native to the BSA) European starling Emberizidae Emberizids Pipilo maculatus Spotted towhee Melozone crissalis California towhee

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Wildlife Species Observed Scientific Name Common Name Fringillidae Fringilline and Cardueline Finches and Allies Haemorhous mexicanus House finch Spinus psaltria Lesser goldfinch MAMMALIA MAMMALS Sciuridae Squirrels, Chipmunks, and Marmots Spermophilus beecheyi California ground squirrel Taxonomy and nomenclature are based primarily on the following: Damselflies and dragonflies: Paulson, D. (2009, Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey). Butterflies: North American Butterfly Association (2001, NABA checklist and English Names of North American Butterflies, Second Edition, North American Butterfly Association, Morristown, New Jersey; see http://www.naba.org/pubs/checklst.html). Amphibians and reptiles: Crother, B.I. ed. (2012, Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico. Herpetological Circular 39) for species taxonomy and nomenclature; Stebbins, R.C., and S.M. McGinnis (2012, Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California, Revised Edition, University of California Press, Berkeley) for sequence and higher order taxonomy. Birds: American Ornithologists’ Union (1998, The A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds, Seventh Edition, American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C.; and supplements; see http://www.aou.org/checklist/north/index.php). Mammals: Wilson, D.E., and D.M. Reeder, eds. (2005, Mammal Species of the World, Third Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland; see http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm).

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX C

COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER FOCUSED SURVEY REPORT

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. B E R K E L E Y F R E S N O R I V E R S I D E 20 EXECUTIVE PARK, SUITE 200 949.553.0666 TEL C A R L S B A D PALM SPRINGS R O C K L I N IRVINE, CALIFORNIA 92614 949.553.8076 FAX FORT COLLINS PT. RICHMOND SAN LUIS OBISPO

September 17, 2013

Susie Tharratt Lyann Comrack United States Fish and Wildlife Service Nongame Wildlife Program Carlsbad Field Office California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250 1812 Ninth Street Carlsbad, California 92008 Sacramento, California 95811

Subject: Coastal California Gnatcatcher Protocol Survey Results: Via Altisma Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County (LSA Project No. IKN1301)

Dear Ms. Tharratt and Ms. Comrack:

This letter report documents the results of protocol surveys conducted by LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) for the coastal California gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ; CAGN), a federally threatened species and California Species of Special Concern. Three protocol CAGN surveys were conducted in suitable habitat within an approximately 3-acre (ac) parcel in the City of Carlsbad in San Diego County, California (see Figures 1–3; all figures are provided in Appendix A).

During the 2013 surveys, no CAGN were detected within the survey area.

SURVEY AREA The CAGN survey area is in a narrow canyon between rows of houses just north of Alicante Road and the La Costa Resort and Spa, between Altisma Way and Altiva Place in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (Figure 1). The approximately 3 ac project area included potentially suitable coastal sage scrub (CSS) habitat, composed of approximately 10 coastal sagebrush ( Artemisia californica ) plants, and is continuous with CSS off site to the northwest.

The area is within Section 25, T12S, R4W, and Section 36, T12S, R4W, as shown in the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter on the Encinitas, California 7.5-minute series United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map. Specifically, the central coordinates are at North American Datum (NAD) 83 Zone 11S Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 476,291 easting by 3,661,801 northing (latitude/longitude: Y: 33.09458, X: -117.25407). The survey area elevation is approximately 45 feet (ft) above mean sea level.

The CAGN survey area on site is at the edge of a narrow band of CSS habitat on a south-facing slope. The on-site vegetation is dominated by coastal sagebrush, with lesser amounts of California buckwheat ( Eriogonum fasciculatum ), dudleya ( Dudleya sp.), coastal deerweed ( Acmispon glaber), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina ), and lemonade berry ( Rhus integrifolia ). The narrow band of CSS habitat continues off site to the northwest adjacent to a perennial drainage that is densely vegetated with willow species ( Salix spp.), Brazilian pepper tree ( Schinus terebinthifolius ), and eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus spp.).

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PLANNING | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES | D E S I G N LSA ASSOCIATES, INC.

METHODS On August 12, 20, and 27, 2013, LSA Associate Biologist Ingri Quon conducted three protocol CAGN surveys. These CAGN surveys were conducted a minimum of 7 days apart in accordance with United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) survey protocols (USFWS 1997) for lands within an active Natural Community Conservation Planning (NCCP) area. During each survey, the biologist walked slowly along the edge of and through potential CAGN habitat, listening and looking for CAGN. Per protocol guidelines, taped recordings of CAGN were played periodically along the survey route.

Surveys were conducted pursuant to Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit TE-777965-10 (March 22, 2013–March 21, 2017) and a letter permit from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) attached to Scientific Collecting Permit SC-000777 covering conditions for research on listed birds (November 29, 2012–January 31, 2017).

RESULTS No CAGN were detected or observed within the project area during the protocol surveys (Table A; Figures 2 and 3). Final critical habitat for CAGN is within 2,500 ft north and 5,000 ft south of the project area, and CAGN have been recorded throughout most of the CSS-vegetated canyons in the vicinity.

Table A: 2013 Survey Schedule, Conditions, and Observers

Date Time Conditions1 Surveyor August 12 0800–0850 Overcast, mild, light air IQ August 20 0845–1000 Overcast to partly cloudy (100–40 percent cover), IQ mild, light air August 27 0800–0900 Partly cloudy (40–10 percent cover), mild, calm IQ 1 Seaman’s terms describe the wind conditions. Surveyor: IQ = Ingri Quon

The closest reported literature search records (California Natural Diversity Database [CNDDB] 2013; USFWS 2013) to the survey area include several records from the last 10 years within 2 miles of the project area to the northwest, southwest, and east.

A willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) was observed on August 27. This migrant individual was almost certainly not a southwestern willow flycatcher as that subspecies is far outnumbered by the little willow flycatcher (E.t. brewsteri) during migration in southern California. Indeed, the southwestern willow flycatcher is essentially unknown as a migrant in California (i.e., away from known nesting areas).

The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), a brood parasite of CAGN and other passerines, was not detected during the surveys.

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Appendix B includes a list of animal species detected during the surveys. Appendix C includes the California Native Species Field Survey Forms. These forms have been electronically submitted to CDFW.

If you have any questions or comments, please call (949) 553-0666 or email me at Ingri.Quon@lsa- assoc.com, or contact the project manager, Mike Trotta, at (760) 931-5471 or Mike.Trotta@lsa- assoc.com.

Sincerely,

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC.

Ingri Quon Associate Biologist

cc: Mike Trotta, LSA (Carlsbad)

Attachments: Appendix A: Figures Appendix B: Animal Species Detected Appendix C: California Native Species Field Survey Forms

REFERENCES California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). 2013. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Encinitas and Rancho Santa Fe, California United States Geological Survey7.5-minute quadrangles. Literature records search conducted in June.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1997. Coastal California Gnatcatcher Presence/ Absence Survey Protocol. Carlsbad Field Office. July 28.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2013. Final Critical Habitat for Coastal California Gnatcatcher Designated January 18, 2008 by the USFWS. Database record dated March 12.

Unitt, P. 2004. San Diego County Bird Atlas. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History No. 39.

I CERTIFY THAT THE INFORMATION IN THIS SURVEY REPORT AND ATTACHED EXHIBITS FULLY AND ACCURATELY REPRESENT MY WORK:

SURVEYOR: PERMIT NUMBER: DATE:

TE-777965-10 September 17, 2013

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX A

FIGURES

U:\IKN1301-Ikon\Report\CAGN Report.doc «09/17/13» Project Location

Project Vicinity

76

15 78

San Diego

5 County Project Location

56

805

LEGEND FIGURE 1 Project Location

0 1000 2000 Via Altisma Project FEET Project Location Map SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad - Encinitas (1975), CA I:\IKN1301\GIS\ProjLoc.mxd (9/17/2013) A L T I S M A

W Y

L P A IV LT A

RD NTE CA ALI

LEGEND FIGURE 2 Survey Area

0 50 100 Via Altisma Project FEET Coastal California Gnatcatcher Survey Area SOURCE: Aerial - City of Carlsbad (2/2012) I:\IKN1301\GIS\SurveyArea.mxd (9/17/2013) A. View to the south from just north of the project study area showing grassland, riparian woodland, gum trees (Eucalyptus spp.) and Brazilian pepper trees (Schinus terebinthifolius). Coastal sage scrub habitat in the foreground is mostly outside of the study area (08/20/2013).

B. Big-eared woodrat (Neotoma macrotis) midden in riparian woodland.

FIGURE 3

Via Altisma Project Representative Photos I:\IKN1301\G\Site Photos-a.cdr (9/16/13)

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX B

ANIMAL SPECIES DETECTED

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX B

ANIMAL SPECIES DETECTED

This is a list of the conspicuous aerial insects (i.e., damselflies, dragonflies, and butterflies), amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals noted in the study area by an LSA biologist in 2013. Presence may be noted if a species is seen or heard, or identified by the presence of tracks, scat, or other signs.

* Species not native to the study area

COLEOPTERA BEETLES Scarabaeidae Scarab Beetles Cotinis mutabilis Green fruit beetle

ZYGOPTERA DAMSELFLIES

Coenagrionidae Pond Damsels Argia nahuana/agrioides Aztec/California dancer

ANISOPTERA TYPICAL DRAGONFLIES

Libellulidae Skimmers Erythemis collocata Western pondhawk Pantala hymenaea Spot-winged glider

LEPIDOPTERA BUTTERFLIES

Pieridae Whites and Sulphurs * Pieris rapae Cabbage white Colias eurytheme Orange sulphur

Nymphalidae Brush-Footed Butterflies Liminitis lorquini Lorquin’s admiral

AMPHIBIA AMPHIBIANS

Hylidae Chorus Frogs Pseudacris hypochondriaca Baja California treefrog

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

REPTILIA REPTILES

Phrynosomatidae Phrynosomatid Lizards Sceloporus occidentalis Western fence lizard

AVES BIRDS

Accipitridae Hawks, Kites, Eagles, and Allies Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed hawk

Columbidae Pigeons and Doves * Columba livia Rock pigeon Zenaida macroura Mourning dove

Trochilidae Hummingbirds Calypte anna Anna’s hummingbird

Picidae Woodpeckers and Allies Picoides nuttallii Nuttall’s woodpecker

Tyrannidae Tyrant Flycatchers Empidonax traillii Willow flycatcher Sayornis nigricans Black phoebe Tyrannus vociferans Cassin’s kingbird

Corvidae Crows and Jays Aphelocoma californica Western scrub-jay Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow

Hirundinidae Swallows Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern rough-winged swallow

Aegithalidae Long-Tailed Tits and Bushtits Psaltriparus minimus Bushtit

Troglodytidae Wrens Troglodytes aedon House wren Thryomanes bewickii Bewick’s wren

Sylviidae Sylviid Warblers Chamaea fasciata Wrentit

Mimidae Mockingbirds and Thrashers Mimus polyglottos Northern mockingbird

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Parulidae Wood Warblers Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat

Emberizidae Emberizids Pipilo maculatus Spotted towhee Melozone crissalis California towhee Melospiza melodia Song sparrow

Fringillidae Fringilline and Cardueline Finches and Allies Haemorhous mexicanus House finch Spinus psaltria Lesser goldfinch

Passeridae Old World Sparrows * Passer domesticus House sparrow

MAMMALIA MAMMALS

Geomyidae Pocket Gophers Thomomys bottae Botta’s pocket gopher

Cricetidae Hamsters, Voles, Lemmings, and New World Rats and Mice Neotoma macrotis Big-eared woodrat

Leporidae Rabbits and Hares Sylvilagus audubonii Audubon’s cottontail

Felidae Cats Lynx rufus Bobcat

Canidae Foxes, Wolves, and Allies Canis latrans Coyote

Taxonomy and nomenclature are based primarily on the following.

Damselflies and dragonflies: Paulson, D. (2009, Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey).

Butterflies: North American Butterfly Association (2001, NABA checklist and English Names of North American Butterflies, Second Edition, North American Butterfly Association, Morristown, New Jersey; see http://www.naba.org/pubs/checklst.html).

Fishes: Moyle, P.B. (2002, Inland Fishes of California, Second Edition, University of California Press, Berkeley).

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Amphibians and reptiles: Crother, B.I. ed. (2012, Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico. Herpetological Circular 39) for species taxonomy and nomenclature; Stebbins, R.C., and S.M. McGinnis (2012, Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California, Revised Edition, University of California Press, Berkeley) for sequence and higher-order taxonomy.

Birds: American Ornithologists’ Union (1998, The A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds, Seventh Edition, American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.; and supplements; see http://www.aou.org/checklist/north/index.php).

Mammals: Wilson, D.E., and D.M. Reeder, eds. (2005, Mammal Species of the World, Third Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland; see http://www.vertebrates.si.edu/msw/ mswcfapp/msw/index.cfm).

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER PROTOCOL SURVEY RESULTS SEPTEMBER 2013 VIA ALTISIMA PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX C

CALIFORNIA NATIVE SPECIES FIELD SURVEY FORMS

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX D

JURISDICTION DELINEATION REPORT

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JURISDICTIONAL DELINEATION REPORT

IKON LIMITED — CARLSBAD PARCEL

CITY OF CARLSBAD SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Prepared for: Ikon Limited 2633 South Fairfax Avenue Culver City, California 90232 (310) 837-2633

Prepared by: LSA Associates, Inc. 703 Palomar Airport Road, Suite 260 Carlsbad, California 92011 (760) 931-5471 LSA Project No. IKN1301

May 2013

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINEATION MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 1 SITE DESCRIPTION ...... 1 REGULATORY BACKGROUND ...... 3 United States Army Corps of Engineers ...... 3 Wetlands ...... 5 California Department of Fish and Wildlife ...... 7 Regional Water Quality Control Board ...... 8 METHODOLOGY ...... 8 RESULTS ...... 8 Vegetation ...... 9 Soils ...... 9 Hydrology ...... 13 CONCLUSIONS ...... 13 Potential Corps and RWQCB Jurisdiction ...... 13 Potential CDFW Jurisdiction ...... 14 REFERENCES ...... 15

FIGURES Figure 1: Project Location ...... 2 Figure 2: Potential Corps and CDFW Jurisdictional Areas ...... 10 Figure 3: Site Photographs ...... 11

TABLES Table A: Hydrophytic Vegetation ...... 6 Table B: Potential Corps and RWQCB Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S...... 14 Table C: Potential CDFW Jurisdiction ...... 14

APPENDICES A: COPY OF WETLAND DATA FORMS B: FUNCTION AND VALUES ANALYSIS

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINDELINEATIONE ATA T I O N MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of a jurisdictional delineation conducted by LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA). The report summarizes the results of fieldwork conducted to identify the limits of potential wetlands and nonwetland waters of the United States subject to the jurisdiction of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) pursuant to Sections 404 and 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act, respectively; and streambeds, water bodies, and associated habitat subject to California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) regulation pursuant to the California Fish and Game Code. LSA surveyed an approximately 3-acre study area located in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (Figure 1). This report has been prepared for use by Ikon Limited for purposes of identifying aquatic resource limits for design consideration with the intent of minimizing and avoiding impacts to aquatic resources to the greatest extent feasible, and for submittal to the Corps, CDFW, and RWQCB as part of their review of applications for permit authorization, if project impacts trigger the need for such permits.

This routine wetland and jurisdictional delineation was conducted under contract with Ikon Limited. The findings and conclusions presented in this report, including the location and extent of aquatic resources subject to regulatory jurisdiction, represent the professional opinion of LSA and should be considered preliminary until verified by representatives of the Corps, CDFW, and RWQCB.

PROPOSED PROJECT No project has been proposed at this time. Ikon Limited contracted LSA to assess the study area to identify potential natural resources constraints that would affect future development of the site.

SITE DESCRIPTION The study area is located within the South Coast subregion of the Southwestern California region of the California Floristic Province, characterized by valleys and small hills extending from the coast inland to the foothills of the Transverse and Peninsular Mountain ranges. Specifically, the project is located in Sections 25 and 36, Township 12 South, and Range 4 West, of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Encinitas, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map. The study area is located within a canyon north of Alicante Road, between Altisma Way and Altiva Place in Carlsbad, California.

The majority of the study area consists of riparian woodland. Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus sp.) woodland; previously disturbed areas dominated by nonnative annual vegetation; coastal sage scrub; and a small patch of native grassland are also present within the study area.

The study area is located within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU) (Carlsbad Watershed), which is approximately 210 square miles extending from the headwaters above Lake Wolhford in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and from Vista and Oceanside in the north to Solana Beach, Escondido, and the community of Rancho Santa Fe to the south. The Cities of Carlsbad, San Marcos, and Encinitas are entirely within this watershed. There are numerous important surface hydrologic features within the Carlsbad Watershed, including four unique coastal lagoons, three major creeks, and two large water storage reservoirs. The HU contains four major, roughly parallel hydrologic areas

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LEGEND FIGURE 1 Project Location

0 1000 2000 ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ FEET Project Location SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad. (Encinitas, 1975; Rancho Santa Fe, 1983) I:\IKN1301\GIS\ProjectLocation.mxd (5/10/2013)

LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINDELINEATIONE ATA T I O N MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

(HAs). Encompassing the study area is the San Marcos (904.2) HA and the Batiquitos hydrologic subarea (HSA) according to the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin – Region 9 (State of California 2007). The average annual rainfall for the study area is approximately 11.13 inches.1

REGULATORY BACKGROUND United States Army Corps of Engineers The Corps regulates discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States. These waters include wetland and nonwetland bodies of water that meet specific criteria. Corps regulatory jurisdiction pursuant to Section 404 of the CWA is founded on a connection, or nexus, between the water body in question and interstate commerce. This connection may be direct (through a tributary system linking a stream channel with traditional navigable waters used in interstate or foreign commerce) or may be indirect (through a nexus identified in the Corps regulations). The following definition of waters of the United States is taken from the discussion provided at 33 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 328.3:

“The term waters of the United States means: (1) All waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce …; (2) All interstate waters including interstate wetlands; (3) All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams) … the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce …; (4) All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under the definition; and (5) Tributaries of waters defined in paragraphs (a) (1)–(4) of this section.”

The Corps typically regulates as waters of the United States a body of water displaying an ordinary high water mark (OHWM). Corps jurisdiction over nontidal waters of the United States extends laterally to the OHWM or beyond the OHWM to the limit of any adjacent wetlands, if present (33 CFR 328.4). The OHWM is defined as “that line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as a clear natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding area” (33 CFR 328.3). Jurisdiction typically extends upstream to the point where the OHWM is no longer perceptible.

As discussed above, Corps regulatory jurisdiction under Section 404 of the CWA is founded on a connection between the water body in question and interstate commerce. In the past, an indirect nexus could potentially be established if isolated waters provided habitat for migratory birds, even in the absence of a surface connection to a navigable water of the United States. The 1984 rule that enabled the Corps to expand jurisdiction over isolated waters of this type became known as the Migratory

1 http://www.idcide.com/weather/ca/carlsbad.htm, May, 21, 2013.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINDELINEATIONE ATA T I O N MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Bird Rule. However, on January 9, 2001, the United States Supreme Court narrowly limited Corps jurisdiction of “nonnavigable, isolated, intrastate” waters based solely on the use of such waters by migratory birds and particularly, the use of indirect indicators of interstate commerce (e.g., use by migratory birds that cross state lines) as a basis for jurisdiction. The Court’s ruling derives from the case Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , No. 99-1178 (SWANCC). The Supreme Court determined that the Corps exceeded its statutory authority by asserting CWA jurisdiction over an abandoned sand and gravel pit in northern Illinois, which provides habitat for migratory birds.

In 2006, the United States Supreme Court further considered Corps jurisdiction of “waters of the United States” in the consolidated cases Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. United States (126 S. Ct. 2208), collectively referred to as Rapanos . The Supreme Court concluded that wetlands are “waters of the United States” if they significantly affect the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of other covered waters more readily understood as navigable. On June 5, 2007, the Corps issued guidance regarding the Rapanos decision. This guidance states that the Corps will continue to assert jurisdiction over traditional navigable waters, wetlands adjacent to traditional navigable waters, relatively permanent non-navigable tributaries that have a continuous flow at least seasonally (typically three months), and wetlands that abut relatively permanent tributaries. The Corps will determine jurisdiction over waters that are non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent and wetlands adjacent to non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent only after making a significant nexus finding.

Furthermore, the preamble to Corps regulations (Preamble Section 328.3, Definitions) states that the Corps does not generally consider the following waters to be waters of the U.S. The Corps does, however, reserve the right to regulate these waters on a case-by-case basis.

• Nontidal drainage and irrigation ditches excavated on dry land; • Artificially irrigated areas that would revert to upland if the irrigation ceased; • Artificial lakes or ponds created by excavating and/or diking dry land to collect and retain water and which are used exclusively for such purposes as stock watering, irrigation, settling basins, or rice growing; • Artificial reflecting or swimming pools or other small ornamental bodies of water created by excavating and/or diking dry land to retain water for primarily aesthetic reasons; and • Water-filled depressions created in dry land incidental to construction activity and pits excavated in dry land for purposes of obtaining fill, sand, or gravel unless and until the construction or excavation operation is abandoned and the resulting body of water meets the definition of waters of the U.S.

Waters found to be isolated and not subject to CWA regulation are often still regulated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) under the State Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (Porter-Cologne Act).

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINDELINEATIONE ATA T I O N MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Wetlands Wetland delineations for Section 404 purposes must be conducted according to the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0) (Regional Supplement ) (Corps 2008) and the Corps of Engineers 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual (1987 Manual ) (Environmental Laboratory 1987). Where there are differences between the two documents, the Regional Supplement takes precedence over the 1987 Manual .

The Corps and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) define wetlands as follows:

“Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted to life in saturated soil conditions.”

In order to be considered a jurisdictional wetland under Section 404, an area must possess three wetland characteristics: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Each characteristic has a specific set of mandatory wetland criteria that must be satisfied in order for that particular wetland characteristic to be met. Several indicators may be analyzed to determine whether the criteria are satisfied.

Hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils indicators provide evidence that episodes of inundation have lasted more than a few days or have occurred repeatedly over a period of years, but do not confirm that an episode has occurred recently. Conversely, wetland hydrology indicators provide evidence that an episode of inundation or soil saturation occurred recently, but do not provide evidence that episodes have lasted more than a few days or have occurred repeatedly over a period of years. Because of this, if an area lacks one of the three characteristics under normal circumstances, the area is considered nonwetland under most circumstances.

Determination of wetland limits may be obfuscated by a variety of natural environmental factors or human activities, collectively called difficult wetland situations, including cyclic periods of drought and flooding or highly ephemeral stream systems. During periods of drought, for example, bank return flows are reduced and water tables are lowered. This results in a corresponding lowering of ordinary high water and invasion of upland plant species into wetland areas. Conversely, extreme flooding may create physical evidence of high water well above what might be considered ordinary and may allow the temporary invasion of hydrophytic species into nonwetland areas. In highly ephemeral systems typical of southern California, these problems are encountered frequently. In these situations, professional judgment based on years of practical experience and extensive knowledge of local ecological conditions comes into play in delineating wetlands. The Regional Supplement provides additional guidance for difficult wetland situations.

Hydrophytic Vegetation. Hydrophytic vegetation is plant life that grows and is typically adapted for life in permanently or periodically saturated soils. The hydrophytic vegetation criterion is met if more than 50 percent of the dominant plant species from all strata (tree, shrub, herb, and woody vine layers) are considered hydrophytic. Hydrophytic species are those included on the National Wetland Plant List (Lichvar and Kartesz 2009), published by the Corps. Each species on the list is rated according to a wetland indicator category, as shown in Table A. To be considered hydrophytic, the species must have wetland indicator status (i.e., be rated as OBL, FACW, or FAC).

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINDELINEATIONE ATA T I O N MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Table A: Hydrophytic Vegetation Category Probability Obligate Wetland OBL Almost always occur in wetlands (estimated probability > 99%) Facultative FACW Usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67–99%) Wetland Facultative FAC Equally likely to occur in wetlands and nonwetlands (estimated probability 34– 66%) Facultative Upland FACU Usually occur in nonwetlands (estimated probability 67–99%) Obligate Upland UPL Almost always occur in nonwetlands (estimated probability > 99%)

The delineation of hydrophytic vegetation is typically based on the most dominant species from each vegetative stratum (strata are considered separately); when more than 50 percent of these dominant species are hydrophytic (i.e., FAC, FACW, or OBL), the vegetation is considered hydrophytic. In particular, the Corps recommends the use of the “50/20” rule (also known as the dominance test) from the Regional Supplement for determining dominant species. Under this method, dominant species are the most abundant species that immediately exceed 50 percent of the total dominance measure for the stratum, plus any additional species comprising 20 percent or more of the total dominance measure for the stratum. In cases where indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology are present but the vegetation initially fails the dominance test, the prevalence index must be used. The prevalence index is a weighted average of all plant species within a sampling plot. The prevalence index is particularly useful when communities only have one or two dominants, where species are present at roughly equal coverage, or when strata differ greatly in total plant cover. In addition, Corps guidance provides that morphological adaptations may be considered when determining hydrophytic vegetation when indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology are present (Corps 2006). If the plant community passes either the dominance test or prevalence index after reconsidering the indicator status of any plant species that exhibit morphological adaptations for life in wetlands, then the vegetation is considered hydrophytic.

Hydric Soils. 1 Hydric soils are defined as soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. 2 Soils are considered likely to meet the definition of a hydric soil when one or more of the following criteria are met:

1. All Histels except Folistels and Histosols except Folists; or 2. Soils that are frequently ponded for long duration or very long duration 3 during the growing season; or 3. Soils that are frequently flooded for long duration or very long duration during the growing season.

1 The hydric soil definition and criteria included in the 1987 Manual are obsolete. Users of the Manual are directed to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service Web site for the most current information on hydric soils. 2 Current definition as of 1994 (FR July 13, 1994). 3 Long duration is defined as a single event ranging from 7 to 30 days; very long duration is defined as a single event that lasts longer than 30 days.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. JURISDICTIONAL DELINDELINEATIONE ATA T I O N MAYM A Y 2013 2 0 1 3 IKON LIMITED ––– CARLSBAD PARCEL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Hydric soils develop under conditions of saturation and inundation combined with microbial activity in the soil that causes a depletion of oxygen. While saturation may occur at any time of year, microbial activity is limited to the growing season, when soil temperature is above biologic zero (the soil temperature at a depth of 50 centimeters (cm), below which the growth and function of locally adapted plants are negligible). Biogeochemical processes that occur under anaerobic conditions during the growing season result in the distinctive morphologic characteristics of hydric soils. Based on these criteria, a National List of Hydric Soils was created from the National Soil Information System (NASIS) database and is updated annually.

The Regional Supplement has a number of field indicators that may be used to identify hydric soils. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (2003) has also developed a number of field indicators that may demonstrate the presence of hydric soils. These indicators include hydrogen sulfide generation, accumulation of organic matter, and the reduction, translocation and/or accumulation of iron and other reducible elements. These processes result in soil characteristics that persist during both wet and dry periods. Separate indicators have been developed for sandy soils and for loamy and clayey soils.

Wetland Hydrology. Under natural conditions, development of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils are dependent on a third characteristic: wetland hydrology. Areas with wetland hydrology are those where the presence of water has an overriding influence on vegetation and soil characteristics due to anaerobic and reducing conditions, respectively (Environmental Laboratory 1987). The wetland hydrology parameter is satisfied if the area is seasonally inundated or saturated to the surface for a minimum of 14 consecutive days during the growing season in most years (Corps 2008).

Hydrology is often the most difficult criterion to measure in the field due to seasonal and annual variations in water availability. Some of the indicators that are commonly used to identify wetland hydrology include visual observation of inundation or saturation, watermarks, recent sediment deposits, surface scour, and oxidized root channels (rhizospheres) resulting from prolonged anaerobic conditions.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife The CDFW, through provisions of the California Fish and Game Code (Sec. 1600 et seq.), is empowered to issue agreements for any alteration of a river, stream, or lake where fish or wildlife resources may be adversely affected. Streams (and rivers) are defined by the presence of a channel bed and banks and at least an intermittent flow of water. The CDFW regulates wetland areas only to the extent that those wetlands are part of a river, stream, or lake as defined by the CDFW. Also, the CDFW typically does not regulate estuaries below the mouth of a tributary river or stream.

In obtaining CDFW agreements, the limits of wetlands are not typically determined. The reason for this is that the CDFW generally includes, within the jurisdictional limits of streams and lakes, any riparian habitat present. Riparian habitat includes willows, mule fat, and other vegetation typically associated with the banks of a stream or lake shorelines and may not be consistent with Corps definitions. In most situations, wetlands associated with a stream or lake would fall within the limits of riparian habitat. Thus, defining the limits of CDFW jurisdiction based on riparian habitat will automatically include any wetland areas and may include additional areas that do not meet Corps

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criteria for soils and/or hydrology (e.g., where riparian woodland canopy extends beyond the banks of a stream away from frequently saturated soils).

Regional Water Quality Control Board The RWQCB is responsible for the administration of Section 401 of the CWA and the California Water Code Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (Water Code Section 13260). Section 401 of the CWA specifies that certification from the State is required for any applicant requesting a Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facilities that may result in any discharge into navigable waters. The Porter-Cologne Act requires “any person discharging waste, or proposing to discharge waste, within any region that could affect the waters of the State” to file a report of discharge. Typically, the areas subject to RWQCB jurisdiction coincide with those of the Corps (i.e., waters of the U.S., including any wetlands).

METHODOLOGY LSA biologists Dan Rosie and Jaime Morales performed the jurisdictional delineation fieldwork on May 7, 2013. LSA prepared a field map of the area to be surveyed using a 2012 aerial photograph base at a scale of 1 inch = 80 feet. The study area was surveyed on foot, and all areas of potential jurisdiction were evaluated according to Corps and CDFW criteria. Data were recorded using a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit with sub-meter accuracy and directly on the field map, particularly where GPS reception was limited due to dense tree canopies.

LSA evaluated areas supporting hydrology or species of plant life potentially indicative of wetlands according to routine wetland delineation procedures described in the Regional Supplement. Representative sample points were selected and examined in the field in those areas where wetland jurisdiction was in question or needed to be confirmed. At each sample point, the dominant and subdominant plant species were identified and their wetland indicator status (Lichvar and Kartesz 2009) noted. A small sample pit (approximately 12–20 inches deep) was dug at each point in order to examine soil characteristics and composition. Soil matrix colors were classified according to the Munsell Soil Color Charts (Munsell Color 2000). Hydrological conditions, including any surface inundation, saturated soils, groundwater levels, and/or other wetland hydrology indicators, were recorded. General site characteristics were also noted. Standard data forms were completed for each sample point; copies of these data forms are included in Appendix A of this report.

RESULTS Within the study area, there is an unnamed intermittent stream course that conveys flows from north to south through a canyon surrounded to the west, south, and east by residential development. The drainage conveys flows in the northern portion of the study area via a natural channel to an elevated earthen road crossing that includes a 36-inch diameter culvert. The drainage in the southern portion of the study area consists of various previously-excavated braids that channelize most flows to a 48-inch diameter culvert at Alicante Road and into the local storm drain system. In the southern portion of the site, there are several culvert outlets, presumably storm drain outlets, that provide additional water

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sources which support the wetlands hydrology. Remnant developed areas such as brick flooring, retaining walls, fire pits, and awnings are scattered throughout the southern portion of the study area.

The stream course, presumably through the local storm drain system, is tributary to San Marcos Creek, Batiquitos Lagoon, and ultimately the Pacific Ocean (a Traditional Navigable Water [TNW] of the U.S.). Because of the direct connection with the Pacific Ocean, this feature is subject to Corps jurisdiction to the OHWM and adjacent wetlands. The entire area mapped as wetlands meets all three criteria for wetland waters of the U.S.: wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and dominance of hydrophytic plant species. Riparian woodland vegetation associated with this drainage feature, including streambed and banks, is subject to CDFW jurisdiction.

The study area is not within the 100-year floodplain. Functions and values for this feature were determined to have a moderate to high significance in terms of resources. Figure 2 depicts the location of this feature and Figure 3 shows site conditions. The wetland data forms (Appendix A) contain full descriptions of the results of each sample point. Appendix B describes and evaluates the functions and values of the feature within the study area.

Vegetation There is a variety of vegetation communities located within the study area, including ornamental vegetation, disturbed areas, developed areas, coastal sage scrub, native grassland, nonnative grassland, eucalyptus woodland, and riparian woodland. Some ruderal forbs and annual nonnative grasses occur throughout most of these communities. The hydrophytic vegetation criterion for Corps jurisdictional wetlands is satisfied when there is a prevalence of wetland vegetation. Areas identified in this report as wetlands are dominated by wetland vegetation and are subject to Corps and CDFW jurisdiction. Riparian woodland vegetation associated with this drainage feature is subject to CDFW jurisdiction.

Wetland vegetation within the drainage and on the surrounding terraces primarily includes canopies of arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis, FACW) and Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius, FAC), with sand bar willow (Salix exigua, FACW), yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus, OBL), yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica, OBL), wild celery (Apium graveolens), broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia, OBL), and San Diego marsh-elder (Iva hayesiana, FACW) dominating the understory.

Soils The Soil Survey for the San Diego Area, California, Part I (Soil Conservation Service 1973) Encinitas, California quadrangle identifies and describes the soil expected to correspond to the drainage within the study area as Exchequer rocky silt loam on 9 to 30 percent slopes (ExE), a well- drained silt loam that formed in material weathered from hard metabasic rock. Salina clay loam on 2 to 9 percent slopes (SbC) is mapped in the southwestern corner of the study area. Due to various disturbances within the study area as a result of development and other activities, soils as observed during the surveys were varied and partially inconsistent with the soil survey.

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ALTIVA PLACE

Soil Pit 3

Soil Pit 2

Soil Pit 1

ALICANTE ROAD

LEGEND FIGURE 2 Study Area Soil Pit CDFG Streambed/Banks and Riparian Vegetation Corps Wetland Waters of the U.S. 0 40 80 ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ FEET Potentially Jurisdictional Areas SOURCE: Aerial - City of Carlsbad (2/2012) I:\IKN1301\GIS\JD_Map.mxd (5/20/2013) Photograph 1: View of riparian woodland associated with Photograph 2: View of one of the channelized braids, facing the drainage, facing west. Non-jurisdictional south. eucalyptus woodland is shown in the background.

Photograph 3: View of the southern border of the study Photograph 4: View of a remnant developed area located area, facing south. near the southern end of the study area, facing north. The ground is covered with brick, inhibiting the growth of vegetation.

FIGURE 3 Sheet 1 of 2

Ikon Limited - Carlsbad Parcel Site Photographs

I:\IKN1301\G\Site_Photos-1&2.cdr (5/21/13) Photograph 5: View of a remnant developed area (see Photograph 6: View of Soil Pit 1, facing east. awning) located in the southern portion portion of the study area, facing southwest.

Photograph 7: View of Soil Pit 2, facing northeast. Photograph 8: View of Soil Pit 3, facing northwest.

FIGURE 3 Sheet 2 of 2

Ikon Limited - Carlsbad Parcel Site Photographs

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Sample plots were taken within the study area above and below the observed OHWM where wetland vegetation was predominant to identify the limits of potential jurisdictional areas. Previously referenced Figure 2 depicts the locations of the sample plots.

Soil Pit (SP) 1 was dug in riparian woodland vegetation on a terrace located adjacent to two braided channels that converge at the southern end of the study area. Soils within the pit primarily consisted of silty clay. The profile at this location includes a layer that is approximately six inches thick, with 100 percent of the matrix composed of the correct combination of hue, value, and chroma (Munsel moist 5YR 2.5/2) to meet the hydric soils indicator Depleted Matrix (F3) as outlined in the Regional Supplement . These SP data were extrapolated for all locations within the study area consisting of riparian woodland dominated by arroyo willow and yerba mansa, since this was the dominant vegetation at SP 1.

SP 2 was dug in disturbed riparian woodland vegetation on a terrace upstream of SP 1. Soils at this location were predominantly made up of silty clay loam. The profile at this location includes alternating layers that are at least 12 inches thick. Approximately 40 percent of the matrix in each alternating layer was composed of the correct combination of hue, value, and chroma (Munsell moist 5YR 3.5/1 and 5YR 6/1), each with approximately 10 percent distinct redox concentrations occurring as soft masses in the matrices, to meet the hydric soils indicators Depleted Matrix (F3) and Redox Dark Surface (F6) as outlined in the Regional Supplement . These SP data were extrapolated for all locations within the study area consisting of disturbed riparian woodland dominated by Brazilian pepper tree and yellow iris, since this was the dominant vegetation at SP 2.

SP 3, which was dug northeast of SP 2 just outside of areas including a hydrophytic understory, was predominantly made up of sandy clay. SP 3 did not meet any hydric soils indicators as outlined in the Regional Supplement , but did show relic hydric soil conditions with approximately 5 percent redox concentrations occurring as soft masses and pore linings in the sandy clay layer at least 12 inches from the surface, but with 95 percent of the matrix with a high chroma (Munsell moist 10YR 4/4). All locations within the study area absent of a predominantly hydrophytic understory are not considered wetlands.

Hydrology Wetland hydrology was evident within the braided channels and throughout the associated terraces. The following wetland hydrology indicators were observed: surface water (A1; a primary wetland hydrology indicator described in the Regional Supplement ), saturated soils (primary indicator A3), oxidized rhizosperes along living roots (primary indicator C3), the presence of reduced iron (primary indicator C4), drift deposits (secondary indicator B3), and drainage patterns (secondary indicator B10).

CONCLUSIONS Potential Corps and RWQCB Jurisdiction The drainage has a direct connection to designated navigable waters of the U.S. The majority of the riparian corridor meets the three parameters to be considered wetland waters of the U.S. by the Corps. See Table B.

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Table B: Potential Corps and RWQCB Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. Linear Wetland Waters Non-Wetland Total Corps Feature Feet (Acres) Waters (Acres) Jurisdiction (Acres) Drainage and 766 1.00 0 1.00 Associated Terraces

Potential CDFW Jurisdiction The drainage consists of riparian woodland habitat tributary to Batiquitos Lagoon and therefore is potentially subject to CDFW jurisdiction. See Table C.

Table C: Potential CDFW Jurisdiction Streambed/Banks and Riparian Vegetation Total CDFW Jurisdiction Feature (Acres) (Acres) Drainage and Associated 1.56 1.56 Terraces

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REFERENCES California Coastal Commission. 1981 (rev. ed.). Statewide Interpretive Guidelines .

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual . Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

Federal Interagency Committee for Wetland Delineation. 1989. Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands . United States Army Corps of Engineers, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Cooperative Technical publication. 76 pp. plus appendices.

Hickman, J.C., ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California . University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA. 1,400 pp.

Lichvar, R.W., and J.T. Kartesz. 2009. North American Digital Flora: National Wetland Plant List , version 2.4.0 (https://wetland_plants.usace.army.mil). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, and BONAP, Chapel Hill, NC.

Metz, V., and J. Dixon. 2006. Suggestions for Preparing a Wetland Delineation Report for the California Coastal Commission.

Munsell Color. 2000 (rev. ed.). Munsell Soil Color Charts . Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Instruments Corporation, New Windsor, NY.

Soil Conservation Service. 1973. Soil Survey of the San Diego Area, California, Part I . United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

State Water Resources Control Board. Workplan: Filling the Gaps in Wetland Protection. September 2004.

United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1991. CECW-OR Memorandum: Questions and Answers on the 1987 Manual .

United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1992. CECW-OR Memorandum: Clarification and Interpretation of the 1987 Manua l.

United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1999. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 33, Volume 3, Parts 200 to End. United States Government Printing Office.

United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2007. CECW-OR Memorandum: Clean Water Act Jurisdiction Following the United States Supreme Court’s Decision in Rapanos v. United States & Carabell v. United States.

United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2008. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0) . ed. J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar,

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and C.V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-08-28. Vicksburg, MS: United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey Staff. 1975. Soil Taxonomy . Agriculture Handbook No. 436. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 754 pp.

Wetland Research and Technology Center. 1993. Draft Training Package, Wetland Delineator Certification Program. Environmental Laboratory, EP-W, Vicksburg, MS.

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APPENDIX A

COPY OF WETLAND DATA FORMS

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APPENDIX B

FUNCTIONS AND VALUE ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONS AND VALUES OF POTENTIAL WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES

The following is an assessment of the functions and values attributable to the identified potential jurisdictional waters in the study area. All waters have some degree of functionality, and no single drainage can perform all of the functions considered below. The following functions are analyzed at low, moderate, or high value levels. The individual drainages are analyzed in Table A-1 (following) based on the criteria outlined below.

HYDROLOGIC REGIME This function is the ability of a wetland or stream to absorb and store water belowground. The degree of this saturation is dependent on the soil composition and is affected by prior flooding events. For example, clay soils possess more pore space than sandy soils. However, the smaller pore size slows the rate at which water is absorbed and released and, therefore, clay soil has a lower capacity to store water than sandy soils. The storage of water belowground allows for the fluctuation between anaerobic and aerobic conditions that benefit environmental conditions necessary for microbial cycling.

FLOOD STORAGE AND FLOOD FLOW MODIFICATION This function is determined based on the ability of a wetland or stream at which the peak flow in a watershed can be attenuated during major storm events and during peak domestic flows to take in surface water that may otherwise cause flooding. This is dependent on the size of the wetland or stream, the amount of water it can hold, and the location in the watershed. For instance, larger wetlands or streams that have a greater capacity to receive waters have a greater ability to reduce flooding. In addition, areas high in the watershed may have more ability to reduce flooding in downstream areas, but areas lower in the watershed may have greater benefits to a specific area. Vegetation, shape, and the configuration of the wetland or stream may also affect flood storage by dissipating the energy of flows during flood events.

SEDIMENT RETENTION Removal of sediment is the process that keeps sediments from migrating downstream. This is accomplished through the natural process of sediment retention and entrapment. This function is dependent on the sediment load being delivered by runoff into the watershed. Similar to above, the vegetation, shape, and configuration of a wetland will also affect sediment retention if water is detained for long durations, as would be the case with dense vegetation, a bowl-shaped watershed, or slow-moving water. This function would be demonstrated (i.e., high) if the turbidity of the incoming water is greater than that of the outgoing water.

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NUTRIENT RETENTION AND TRANSFORMATION Nutrient cycling consists of two variables: uptake of nutrients by plants and detritus turnover, in which nutrients are released for uptake by plants downstream. Wetland systems in general are much more productive with regard to nutrients than upland habitats. The regular availability of water associated with the wetland or stream may cause the growth of plants (nutrient uptake) and associated detritivores and generate nutrients that may be utilized by a variety of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife downstream.

TOXICANT TRAPPING The major processes by which wetlands remove nutrients and toxicants are as follows: (1) by trapping sediments rich in nutrients and toxicants, (2) by absorption into soils high in clay content or organic matter, and (3) through nitrification and denitrification in alternating oxic and anoxic conditions. Removal of nutrients and toxicants is closely tied to the processes that provide for sediment removal.

SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE This is a measure of the probability that a wetland or stream will be utilized by the public for its natural features, economic value, official status, and/or location. This includes public use for recreational uses, such as boating, fishing, birding, walking, and other passive recreational activities. In addition, a wetland or stream that is utilized as an outdoor classroom, is a location for scientific study, or is near a nature center would have a higher social significance standing.

WILDLIFE HABITAT General habitat suitability is the ability of a wetland to provide habitat for a wide range of wildlife. Vegetation is a large component of wildlife habitat. As plant community diversity increases along with connectivity with other habitats, so does potential wildlife diversity. In addition, a variety of open water, intermittent ponding, and perennial ponding is also an important habitat element for wildlife.

AQUATIC HABITAT The ability of a wetland or stream to support aquatic species requires that there be ample food supply, pool and riffle complexes, and sufficient soil substrate. Food supply is typically in the form of aquatic invertebrates and detrital matter from nearby vegetation. Pool and riffle complexes provide a variety of habitats for species diversity as well as habitat for breeding and rearing activities. Species diversity is directly related to the complexity of the habitat structure.

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Table A-1: Functions and Values of Features within the Study Area Hydrologic Flood Storage & Flood Sediment Nutrient Retention & Toxicant Social Wildlife Aquatic Feature Regime Flow Modification Retention Transformation Trapping Significance Habitat Habitat Drainage and Associated Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Low High High Terraces

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APPENDIX E

SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES SUMMARY TABLE

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Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Plants Acanthomintha US: FT Annual herb endemic to active Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable ilicifolia CA: SE vertisol clay soils of mesas and through June habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.1 valleys within grasslands, (annual herb) not present within the BSA. San Diego thorn- chaparral, coastal scrub, and This species was not mint vernal pool communities; known observed during the original from southwestern San Diego 2013 reconnaissance-level County and Baja California; 30 survey and wetland to 3,150 feet elevation. delineation, or 2014 assessment. Acmispon US: – Annual herb usually found in Blooms March Not Expected . Suitable prostrates CA: SP beaches, coastal dunes, or coastal through June habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.1 sage scrub. (annual herb) not present within the BSA. Nuttall’s This species was not acmispon observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Adolphia US: – Sandy/gravelly to clay soils Blooms Low . Although marginally californica CA: SP within grasslands, coastal sage December suitable habitat is present CRPR: 2B.1 scrub, and chaparral through May within the BSA, this California communities; known from (perennial perennial shrub was not adolphia western San Diego County and deciduous shrub) observed during the original Baja California; 50 to 2,400 feet 2013 reconnaissance-level elevation. survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Arctostaphylos US: FE Sandy areas in maritime Blooms Not Expected . Suitable glandulosa ssp. CA: SP chaparral and coniferous forest, December habitat for this species is crassifolia CRPR: 1B.1 typically on coastal mesas and through April, not present within the BSA. ocean bluffs, below 1,200 feet with foliage year Additionally, this evergreen Del Mar elevation. Known only from San round (evergreen shrub was not observed manzanita Diego County, California. shrub) during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Artemisia palmeri US: – Perennial shrub found in Blooms May Low . Although marginally CA: SP chaparral, coastal sage scrub, through suitable habitat is present San Diego CRPR: 4.2 riparian scrub, or riparian September within the BSA, there have sagewort woodland. been no documented occurrences of this species nearby. This perennial shrub was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment.

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Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Atriplex coulteri US: – Alkaline or clay soils in ocean Blooms March Not Expected . Suitable CA: SP bluffs and ridge tops and alkaline through October habitat for this species is Coulter’s saltbush CRPR: 1B.2 low places in coastal bluff scrub, (perennial herb) not present within the BSA. coastal dunes, coastal sage scrub, This species was not and valley and foothill observed during the original grasslands below 1,510 feet 2013 reconnaissance-level elevation. In California, known survey and wetland only from Los Angeles, Orange, delineation, or 2014 Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, assessment. San Luis Obispo, Ventura, and San Diego Counties. Also occurs in Mexico. Baccharis vanessae US: FT Sandstone soils in steep, open, Blooms August Not Expected . Suitable CA: SE rocky areas in chaparral at 200 to through habitat for this species is Encinitas CRPR: 1B.1 2,400 feet elevation. Known only November not present within the BSA. baccharis from San Diego County, (deciduous Additionally, this perennial California. shrub) shrub was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Brodiaea filifolia US: FT Usually on clay or associated Blooms March Low . Although marginally CA: SE with vernal pools or alkaline through June suitable habitat is present Thread-leaved CRPR: 1B.1 flats; occasionally in vernally (perennial herb) within the BSA, there have brodiaea moist sites in fine soils (clay been no documented loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam, occurrences of this species loam, loamy fine sand). nearby. This species was Typically associated with not observed during the needlegrass or alkali grassland or original 2013 vernal pools. Occurs from 80 to reconnaissance-level survey 4,000 feet elevation. Known only and wetland delineation, or from Los Angeles, Orange, 2014 assessment. Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and San Luis Obispo Counties, California. Brodiaea orcuttii US: – Clay and some serpentine soils, May through Not Expected . Suitable CA: SP usually associated with meadows July (perennial habitat for this species is Orcutt’s brodiaea CRPR: 1B.1 or vernal pools, from 100 to herb) not present within the BSA. 5,600 feet elevation. In This species was not California, known only from observed during the original Riverside and San Diego 2013 reconnaissance-level Counties. Also occurs in Mexico. survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Ceanothus US: – Chaparral in western San Diego December Not Expected . Suitable verrucosus CA: SP County and northern Baja through May habitat for this species is CRPR: 2B.2 California; sea level to 1,250 feet not present within the BSA. Wart-stemmed elevation. Additionally, this perennial ceanothus shrub was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Chaenactis US: – Sandy areas of coastal Blooms January Not Expected . Suitable glabriuscula var. CA: SP bluff scrub and coastal sand through August habitat for this species is orcuttiana CRPR: 1B.1 dunes below 300 feet elevation. (annual herb) not present within the BSA. In California, known only from This species was not Orcutt’s Los Angeles, Orange (believed observed during the original pincushion extirpated), San Diego, and 2013 reconnaissance-level Ventura Counties. Also occurs in survey and wetland Mexico. delineation, or 2014 assessment. Chorizanthe US: FE Sandy openings in coastal scrub, Blooms March Not Expected . Suitable orcuttiana CA: SE chaparral, and closed-cone through May habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.1 coniferous forest at 10 to 410 (annual herb) not present within the BSA. Orcutt’s feet elevation. Known only from This species was not spineflower San Diego County, California. observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Chorizanthe US: – Gabbroic clay soils in chaparral, Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable polygonoides var. CA: SP coastal scrub, meadows and through July habitat for this species is longispina CRPR: 1B.2 seeps, valley and foothill (annual herb) not present within the BSA. grassland at 95 to 5,020 feet This species was not Long-spined elevation. Occurs in Riverside observed during the original spineflower and San Diego Counties. 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Comarostaphylis US: – Chaparral or cismontane April through Not Expected . Suitable diversifolia ssp. CA: SP woodland at 100 to 2,600 feet. In June (evergreen habitat for this species is diverifolia CRPR: 1B.2 California, known only from shrub) not present within the BSA. Orange, Riverside, and Santa This evergreens shrub was Summer holly Barbara, and San Diego not observed during the Counties. Also occurs in Mexico. original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Corethrogyne US: – Perennial herb found in openings Blooms May Low . Although marginally filaginifolia var . CA: SP in chaparral and coastal sage through suitable habitat is present linifolia CRPR: 1B.1 scrub. September within the BSA, there have been no documented Del Mar Mesa occurrences of this species sand aster nearby. This perennial species was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Cryptantha US: – Clay soils in coastal sage scrub. Blooms February Not Expected . Suitable wigginsii CA: SP through June habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.2 not present within the BSA. Wiggins’ This evergreens shrub was cryptantha not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Eryngium US: FE San Diego mesa hardpan and Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable aristulatum var. CA: SE claypan vernal pools and southern through June habitat for this species is parishii CRPR: 1B.1 interior basalt flow vernal pools; (annual/perennial not present within the BSA. usually surrounded by coastal herb) This species was not San Diego button- scrub and valley and foothill observed during the original celery grassland, at 50 to 2,035 feet 2013 reconnaissance-level elevation. Known from Riverside survey and wetland and San Diego Counties and Baja delineation, or 2014 California. assessment. Euphorbia misera US: – Rocky sites within coastal bluff Blooms Not Expected . Suitable CA: SP scrub, coastal sage scrub, and December habitat for this species is Cliff spurge CRPR: 2B.2 Mojavean desert scrub at 30 to through August not present within the BSA. 1,650 feet elevation. Known (perennial shrub) This species was not from the Channel Islands, coastal observed during the original Orange and San Diego Counties, 2013 reconnaissance-level Riverside County deserts, and survey and wetland Baja California. delineation, or 2014 assessment. Ferocactus US: – Often on exposed, level, or Blooms May Low . Although marginally viridescens CA: SP south-facing slopes within through June suitable habitat is present CRPR: 2B.1 chaparral, coastal scrub, and (perennial stem within the BSA, there have San Diego barrel grasslands at 10 to 1,500 feet succulent) been no documented cactus elevation. Known from occurrences of this species southwestern San Diego County nearby. This perennial and Baja California. species was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Harpagonella US: – Clay soils in openings in coastal March through Not Expected . Suitable palmeri CA: SP sage scrub, juniper woodland, May (annual habitat for this species is CRPR: 4.2 and grassland below 2,700 feet herb) not present within the BSA. Palmer’s elevation. In California, known This evergreens shrub was grapplinghook only from Orange, Riverside, not observed during the and San Diego Counties and the original 2013 Channel Islands. Also occurs in reconnaissance-level survey Arizona and Mexico. and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Hazardia orcuttii US: – Perennial shrub found in Blooms August Low . Although marginally CA: ST chaparral and coastal sage scrub. through October suitable habitat is present Orcutt’s hazardia CRPR: 1B.1 within the BSA, there have been no documented occurrences of this species nearby. This perennial shrub was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Heterotheca US: – Sandy sites in coastal dunes, Blooms March Not Expected . Suitable sessiliflora ssp . CA: SP coastal scrub, and chaparral through habitat for this species is sessiliflora CRPR: 1B.1 (coastal) below 4,020 feet December not present within the BSA. elevation. Known only from San (perennial herb) This species was not Beach goldenaster Diego County (primarily coastal) observed during the original and Baja California. Presumed 2013 reconnaissance-level extirpated from Santa Barbara survey and wetland County. delineation, or 2014 assessment. Isocoma menziesii US: – Sandy soils, often in disturbed Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable var . decumbens CA: SP areas, in coastal scrub and through habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.2 chaparral from 30 to 3,000 feet November not present within the BSA. Decumbent elevation. Known from mainland (perennial shrub) This evergreens shrub was goldenbush Orange and San Diego Counties not observed during the and from San Clemente and original 2013 Santa Catalina Islands in reconnaissance-level survey California. Also occurs in Baja and wetland delineation, or California. 2014 assessment. Iva hayesiana US: – Riverwashes, marshes, swamps, Blooms April Present. This species was CA: SP and playas at 30 to 1,650 feet through October observed during the 2013 San Diego marsh- CRPR: 2B.2 elevation. Known from western (perennial shrub and 2014 surveys. elder San Diego County and Baja or subshrub) California. Lasthenia glabrata US: – Usually alkaline soils in marshes, Blooms February Not Expected . Suitable ssp. coulteri CA: SP playas, vernal pools, and valley through June habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.1 and foothill grassland below (annual herb) not present within the BSA. Coulter’s 4,600 feet elevation. Known This species was not goldfields from Colusa, Merced, Tulare, observed during the original Orange, Riverside, Santa 2013 reconnaissance-level Barbara, San Diego, San Luis survey and wetland Obispo, and Ventura Counties. delineation, or 2014 Believed extirpated from Kern, assessment. Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties. Also occurs in Mexico.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Lepidium US: – Dry soils in coastal sage scrub Blooms January Low . Although marginally virginicum var. CA: SP and chaparral, typically below through July suitable habitat is present robinsonii CRPR: 4.3 3,100 feet elevation. In (annual herb) within the BSA, there have California, known only from Los been no documented Robinson’s Angeles, Orange, Riverside, occurrences of this species pepper-grass Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, nearby. This species was and San Diego Counties. not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Leptosyne US: – Occurs in a variety of soil types, Blooms March Low . Although marginally maritima CA: SP including sandstone, within through May suitable habitat is present CRPR: 2B.2 coastal scrub and coastal bluff (perennial herb) within the BSA, there have Sea dahlia scrub at 15 to 500 feet elevation. been no documented Known from coastal San Diego occurrences of this species County and Baja California. nearby. This species was not observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Myosurus minimus US: – Alkaline areas in vernal pools at Blooms March Not Expected . Suitable ssp. apus CA: SP 20 to 640 meters (70 to 2,100 through June habitat for this species is CRPR: 3.1 feet) elevation. In California, (annual herb) not present within the BSA. Little mousetail known only from the Central This species was not Valley of the coastal and inland observed during the original areas of Southern California. 2013 reconnaissance-level Also occurs in Oregon and survey and wetland Mexico. delineation, or 2014 assessment. Navarretia fossalis US: FT San Diego hardpan and claypan Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable CA: SP vernal pools often surrounded by through June habitat for this species is Spreading CRPR: 1B.1 chenopod scrub, shallow (annual herb) not present within the BSA. navarretia freshwater marshes, and similar This species was not sites at 95 to 4,300 feet observed during the original elevation. Known from Los 2013 reconnaissance-level Angeles, San Luis Obispo, survey and wetland Riverside, and San Diego delineation, or 2014 Counties. Also occurs in Mexico. assessment. Nemacaulis US: – Sandy places such as coastal April through Not Expected . Suitable denudate var. CA: SP dunes below 300 feet elevation. September habitat for this species is denudate CRPR: 1B.2 Known in California from (annual herb) not present within the BSA. Orange, Los Angeles, and San This species was not Coast woolly- Diego Counties. Believed observed during the original heads extirpated from Santa Catalina 2013 reconnaissance-level Island. Also occurs in Mexico. survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Orcuttia US: FE Vernal pools from 50 to 2,200 Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable californica CA: SE feet elevation. In California, through August habitat for this species is CRPR: 1B.1 known from Los Angeles, (annual grass) not present within the BSA. California Orcutt Ventura, Riverside, and San This species was not grass Diego Counties. Also occurs in observed during the original Mexico. 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Orobanche parishii US: – Perennial herb (parasitic) found Blooms April Not Expected . Suitable ssp. brachyloba CA: SP in coastal bluff scrub, coastal through October habitat for this species is CRPR: 4.2 dunes, and coastal sage scrub. not present within the BSA. Parish’s This species was not broomrape observed during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Quercus dumosa US: – On sandy and clay loam soils Blooms February Low . Although marginally CA: SP near the coast within closed-cone through August suitable habitat is present Nuttall’s scrub oak CRPR: 1B.1 coniferous forest, chaparral, and (perennial within the BSA, there have coastal scrub from 50 to 1,300 evergreen shrub) been no documented feet elevation. Known from occurrences of this species western Orange, Santa Barbara, nearby. This perennial and San Diego Counties. Also species was not observed known from Baja California. during the original 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Suaeda esteroa US: – In clay, silt, and sand substrates Blooms May Not Expected. Suitable CA: SP of coastal salt marshes below 15 through January habitat for this species is Estuary seablite CRPR: 1B.2 feet elevation. Occurs along (perennial herb) not present within the BSA. immediate coast from Santa This species was not Barbara County to Baja observed during the original California. 2013 reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, or 2014 assessment. Invertebrates Branchinecta US: FE Small, shallow (usually less than Seasonally Not Expected . Habitat sandiegonensis CA: SA 30 centimeters deep), relatively following rains within the BSA is not clear but unpredictable vernal in late fall, suitable to support this San Diego fairy pools on coastal terraces. Pools winter and spring species. shrimp must retain water for a minimum of 13 days for this species to reproduce (3 to 8 days for hatching, and 10 to 20 days to reach reproductive maturity). Known from Orange and San Diego Counties, and Baja California.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Cicindela senilis US: – Inhabits marine shoreline, from Presumed spring Not Expected . Habitat frosti CA: SA central California coast south to through fall within the BSA is not salt marshes of San Diego, also suitable to support this Senile tiger beetle found at Lake Elsinore. Inhabits species. dark-colored mud in the lower zone and dried salt pans in the upper zone. Danaus plexippus US: – Winter roosts are located in September Moderate . Suitable CA: SA wind-protected tree groves through March roosting habitat (eucalyptus Monarch (Eucalyptus, Monterey Pine, trees) is present within the butterfly Cypress) with nectar and water BSA. sources nearby. Streptocephalus US: FE Warm-water vernal pools (i.e., Seasonally, Not Expected . Habitat woottoni CA: SA large, deep pools that retain following rains; within the BSA is not water into the warm season) with typically January suitable to support this Riverside fairy low to moderate dissolved solids, through April species. shrimp in annual grassland areas interspersed through chaparral or coastal sage scrub vegetation. Suitable habitat includes some artificially created or enhanced pools, such as some stock ponds, that have vernal pool like hydrology and vegetation. Known from areas within about 50 miles of the coast from Ventura County south to San Diego County and Baja California. Tryonia imitator US: – Inhabits coastal lagoons, Presumed year- Not Expected . Habitat CA: SA estuaries, and salt marshes, from round within the BSA is not Mimic tryonia Sonoma County south to San suitable to support this (=California Diego County. Found only in species. brackishwater permanently submerged areas in snail) a variety of sediment types; able to withstand a wide range of salinities. Reptiles Aspidoscelis US: – Prefers washes and other sandy March through Low . Although marginally hyperythra CA: SSC areas with patches of brush and July, with suitable habitat is present rocks, in chaparral, coastal sage reduced activity within the BSA, there have Orangethroat scrub, juniper woodland, and oak August through been no documented whiptail woodland from sea level to 3,000 October occurrences of this species feet elevation. Perennial plants nearby. This species was required. Occurs in Riverside, not observed during the Orange, San Diego Counties original 2013 west of the crest of the reconnaissance-level survey Peninsular Ranges, in extreme and wetland delineation, or southern San Bernardino County 2014 assessment. near Colton, and in Baja California.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Phrynosoma US: – Occurs in annual grassland, April through Low . Although marginally blainvillii CA: SSC coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and July, with suitable habitat is present woodland communities. Prefers reduced activity within the BSA, there have Coast horned open country, especially sandy August through been no documented lizard areas, washes, and floodplains. October occurrences of this species Requires open areas for sunning, nearby. This species was bushes for cover, patches of not observed during the loose soil for burial, and an original 2013 abundant supply of ants or other reconnaissance-level survey insects. Occurs in Siskiyou and wetland delineation, or County, in the Central Valley 2014 assessment. and adjacent foothills below 4,000 feet elevation, in coastal areas of central California, and in non-desert areas of southern California below 6,000 feet elevation, and into Baja California. Birds Aimophila ruficeps US: – Steep, rocky, coastal sage scrub Year-round, Low . Although marginally canescens CA: WL and open chaparral habitats, diurnal activity suitable habitat is present particularly scrubby areas mixed within the BSA, there have Southern with grasslands. From Santa been no documented California rufous- Barbara County to northwestern occurrences of this species crowned sparrow Baja California. nearby. Campylorhyncus US: – Inhabits coastal sage scrub, Year-round Not Expected . Habitat brunneicapillus CA: SSC nesting almost exclusively in (non-migratory) within the BSA is not sandiegensis thickets of cholla ( Opuntia suitable to support this prolifera ) and prickly pear species. San Diego cactus (Opuntia littoralis and Opuntia wren oricola ), typically below 500 feet elevation. Found in coastal areas of Orange County and San Diego Counties, and extreme northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Charadrius US: FT Sandy coastal beaches, lakes, Coast: Year- Not Expected . Habitat alexandrinus (coastal alkaline playas. Scattered round Inland within the BSA is not nivosus population) locations along coastal California lakes: April suitable to support this (nesting) CA: SSC and Channel Islands, inland at through species. Salton Sea and at various September Western snowy alkaline lakes. plover

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Laterallus US: – Requires shallow water in salt Year-round Not Expected. Believed to jamaicensis CA: ST, marshes, freshwater marshes, be extirpated from San coturniculus CFP wet meadows, or flooded grassy Diego County. Habitat vegetation. Prefers areas of moist within the BSA is not California black soil vegetated by fine-stemmed suitable to support this rail emergent plants, rushes, grasses, species. or sedges, with scattered small pools. Known from coastal California, northwestern Baja California, the lower Imperial Valley, and the lower Colorado River of Arizona and California. Now extirpated from virtually all of coastal Southern California. Passerculus US: – Resident in salt marshes, with Year-round Not Expected . Habitat sandwichensis CA: SE rare exception (e.g., Islas Todos within the BSA is not beldingi Santos, Baja California), of suitable to support this Pacific Coast from Santa Barbara species. Belding’s County to Baja California. Savannah sparrow Polioptila US: FT Inhabits coastal sage scrub in Year-round Moderate . Suitable habitat californica CA: SSC low-lying foothills and valleys in is present within the BSA; californica cismontane southwestern however, no individuals of California and Baja California. this species were detected Coastal California during the original 2013 gnatcatcher reconnaissance-level survey and wetland delineation, 2013 protocol-level coastal California gnatcatcher Surveys, or 2014 assessment. Rallus longirostris US: FE Found in salt marshes traversed Year-round, Not Expected. Habitat levipes CA: SE, by tidal sloughs, where cordgrass vocalizes at within the BSA is not CFP and pickleweed are the dominant night, dawn, and suitable to support this Light-footed vegetation. Requires dense dusk species. clapper rail growth of either pickleweed or cordgrass for nesting or escape cover; feeds on mollusks and crustaceans. Coastal southern California and northern Baja California. Sternula antillarum US: FE Nests along the coast from San April through Not Expected. Habitat browni CA: SE, Francisco Bay south to northern September within the BSA is not (nesting) CFP Baja California. Forages in suitable to support this shallow water. Colonial breeder species. California least on bare or sparsely vegetated, tern flat substrates: sand beaches, alkali flats, landfills, or paved areas.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Vireo bellii pusillus US: FE Riparian forests and willow April through Moderate. Suitable habitat CA: SE thickets. The most critical September for this species is present Least Bell’s vireo structural component of least within the BSA. It was not Bell’s vireo habitat in California detected during the original is a dense shrub layer 2 to 10 feet 2013 reconnaissance-level above ground. Nests from central survey and wetland California to northern Baja delineation, 2013 protocol- California. Winters in southern level coastal California Baja California. gnatcatcher Surveys, or 2014 assessment. Mammals Chaetodipus US: – Found in a variety of habitats Year-round Not Expected. Habitat californicus CA: SSC including coastal sage scrub, within the BSA is likely too femoralis chaparral and grassland in fragmented to support this northern Baja California, San species. Dulzura pocket Diego and extreme southwestern mouse and western Riverside Counties. Limit of range to northwest (at interface with C. c. dispar ) unclear. Chaetodipus fallax US: – Found in sandy herbaceous Year-round Not Expected. Habitat fallax CA: SSC areas, usually associated with within the BSA is likely too rocks or coarse gravel in coastal fragmented to support this Northwestern San scrub, chaparral, grasslands, and species. Diego pocket sagebrush, from Los Angeles mouse County through southwestern San Bernardino, western Riverside, and San Diego Counties to northern Baja California. Choeronycteris US: – Occasionally found in San Diego Year-round Low. Conditions within the mexicana CA: SSC County, which is on the BSA are likely not suitable periphery of their range. Feeds for roosting, but foraging Mexican long- on nectar and pollen of night- individuals may tongued bat blooming succulents. Roosts in occasionally visit the site. relatively well-lit caves, and in and around buildings. Lasionycteris US: – Inhabits forested areas, where it Primarily the Moderate. Suitable noctivagans CA: SA forages in small clearings, along warmer months roosting and foraging roadways and water-courses, and habitat for this species is Silver-haired bat among trees. Generally roosts in present within the BSA. Not trees but occasionally enters detected during surveys. buildings or caves. Prefers old growth areas with snag densities of at least 21 per hectare. Range extends from extreme north- eastern Mexico north to Alaska and east to the Atlantic Coast. Lasiurus US: – Forages over a wide range of Primarily the Moderate. Suitable blossevillii CA: SSC habitats, but generally roosts in warmer months roosting and foraging woodlands and forests. Ranges habitat for this species is Western red bat throughout most of California present within the BSA. Not west of the deserts. detected during surveys.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

Special Status Species Summary Table Species Status Habitat and Distribution Activity Period Occurrence Probability Lasiurus cinereus US: – Forages over a wide range of Primarily the Moderate. Suitable CA: SA habitats, but prefers open warmer months; roosting and foraging Hoary bat habitats with access to trees, for leaves colder habitat for this species is roosting, and water. Ranges areas during present within the BSA. Not throughout most of California. winter detected during surveys. Lasiurus xanthinus US: Varied habitats, but usually near Primarily the Moderate. Suitable CA: SSC water; often associated with warmer months roosting and foraging Western yellow palm trees. Southwestern United habitat for this species is bat States to southern Mexico. present within the BSA. Not detected during surveys. Neotoma lepida US: – Found in desert scrub and coastal Year-round, Not Expected. Habitat intermedia CA: SSC sage scrub habitat, especially in mainly within the BSA is not association with cactus patches. nocturnal, suitable to support this San Diego desert Builds stick nests around cacti, occasionally species. woodrat or on rocky crevices. Occurs crepuscular and along the Pacific slope from San diurnal Luis Obispo County to northwest Baja California. Nyctinomops US: – Usually associated with cliffs or Primarily the Low. Conditions within the femorasacca CA: SSC rock outcrops, often near riparian warmer months BSA are likely not ideal for habitat. Occurs from the roosting, but foraging Pocketed free- southwestern United States to individuals may tailed bat central Mexico. occasionally visit the site. Nyctinomops US: – Primarily arid regions from Primarily the Not Expected . Habitat macrotis CA: SSC southwestern United States to warmer months within the BSA is not northern South America. suitable to support this Big free-tailed bat species. Perognathus US: FE Historically occupied open April through Not Expected. Habitat longimembris CA: SSC habitats on sandy soils along the September within the BSA is not pacificus coast from Los Angeles to the suitable to support this Mexican border. Now known species. Pacific pocket from only four sites in Orange mouse and San Diego Counties.

LEGEND US: Federal Classifications – No applicable classification FE Taxa listed as Endangered. FT Taxa listed as Threatened. CA: State Classifications SE Taxa State-listed as Endangered. ST Taxa State-listed as Threatened. SSC California Species of Special Concern. Refers to animals with vulnerable or seriously declining populations. CFP California Fully Protected. Refers to animals protected from take under Fish and Game Code Sections 3511, 4700, 5050, and 5515. WL California Bird Species of Special Concern Watch List. SA Special Animal. Refers to any other animal monitored by the Natural Diversity Data Base, regardless of its legal or protection status.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

LEGEND SP Special Plant. Refers to any other plant monitored by the Natural Diversity Data Base, regardless of its legal or protection status. 1B California Rare Plant Rank 1B: Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. 2B California Rare Plant Rank 2B: Rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere. 3 California Rare Plant Rank 3: A review list of plants about which more information is needed. 4 California Rare Plant Rank 4: A watch list of plants of limited distribution. CRPR Extensions 0.1 Seriously endangered in California (greater than 80% of occurrences threatened/high degree and immediacy of threat). 0.2 Fairly endangered in California (20 to 80% occurrences threatened). 0.3 Not very endangered in California (less than 20% of occurrences threatened). California Rare Plant Ranks are assigned by a committee of government agency and non-governmental botanical experts and are not official State designations of rarity status.

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LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT MARCH 2015 CASCADA VERDE RESIDERESIDENTIALNTIAL DEVELOPMENT PRPROJO JOJJE C T CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA

APPENDIX F

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

P:\IKN1301-Ikon\BTR\Cascada Verde BTR.docx (3/8/2015) Photograph 1: View of riparian woodland associated with Photograph 2: View of one of the channelized braids, facing the drainage, facing west. Non-jurisdictional south. eucalyptus woodland is shown in the background.

Photograph 3: View of the southern border of the Study Photograph 4: View of a remnant developed area located Area, facing south. near the southern end of the Study Area, facing north. The ground is covered with brick, inhibiting the growth of vegetation.

Sheet 1 of 2

Cascada Verde Residential Development Project Site Photographs

I:\IKN1301\G\Site_Photos-1&2_BTR.cdr (3/6/15) Photograph 5: View of a remnant developed area (see Photograph 6: View of Study Area from the northeastern awning) located in the southern portion cornier, facing southwest. portion of the Study Area, facing southwest.

Photograph 7: View of the southwestern corner of the Study Photograph 8: View of the southern end of the Study Area, Area , facing south. facing southeast.

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Cascada Verde Residential Development Project Site Photographs

I:\IKN1301\G\Site_Photos-1&2_BTR.cdr (3/6/15)