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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú BIRDING FIELD REPORT LUCRE – HUACARPAY LAGOON CUSCO – PERU 2021 Women birders participants near at Lucre -Huacarpay Lagoon - Photo by Ana Amable Page 1 © 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú WOMEN BIRDERS PROGRAM Sponsored by Jacamar Club and Vortex Optics www.JACAMARCLUB.com > A Field Report < Of Birding Excursions and The importance of Empowering Women in the Birding Activities for Enviromental Education in Peru and Bolivia. WOMEN BIRDERS PROGRAM Sponsored by Jacamar Club and Vortex Optics, Lucre - Huacarpay Lagoon CUSCO – PERU march 27, 2021 Valeri Leon1, Ana Amable2, Richard Amable3 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] The “Women Birders”, a program created to empower women in the good ecological practices of birding & birdwatching in Peru and Bolivia. Through this program the women in the community will be able to increase their leadership and knowledge in conservation and ecotourism. Also, this will make a difference in their communities as they can represent their communities and will lead the changes in local conservation behavior. Finally, it will benefit directly to the conservation of local birds. The Jacamar Club programs perform a series of activities as a preliminary steps to environmental education, ecotourism ideas and conservation of bird habitats in Peru and Bolivia. It is a long way of training, all the participants in our program have been learning about birds both virtually, through various talks, and in situ, twice a month, going out to birch around the Cusco region in Peru, recording all possible birds, taking photos of the birds, places and communities where we do our trainings. In the Cusco region we are 10 from 30 ladies, of three regions of Peru, ladies from different houses of study, institutes, universities that without distinction we learn together from the hand of Jacamar Club; If you want to support us you can find out more here on our website, in addition you will find videos, photos and the selected ones reports of each field trip in the three regions where the program takes place, in Cusco, Madre de Dios and Loreto. https://jacamarclub.com/women-birders-peru/ BIRDING LOCALITIES OF INTEREST CUSCO CITY Cuzco is a city in the Peruvian Andes that was the capital of the Inca Empire and is known for its archaeological remains and Spanish colonial architecture. The Plaza de Armas is the center of the old city, with galleries, carved wooden balconies and ruins of Inca walls. The Santo Domingo convent, in the Baroque style, was built on the Inca Sun Temple (Qoricancha) and has archaeological remains of Inca stonework. Cuzco has many bird watching places, emblematic places and that ensure the enjoyment of any amateur and professional birdwatchers, they are also very close to the city of Cusco. LUCRE – HUACARPAY LAGOON Lucre - Huacarpay Lagoon is the eleventh wetland located by the Peruvian State as a Ramsar site of international importance. Its located in the district of Lucre, province of Quispicanchi, in Cusco Region and is accessed by the Cusco- Puno road 25 km from Cusco, at 3020 m. altitude, between 13°36´71´´ S and 71°44´21´´ Lucre - Huacarpay lagoon, constitutes a fragmenting set of lagoons, swamps and surrounding areas due to natural and anthropic activities. Page 2 © 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú Lucre -Huacarpay map1 1 VENERO, J. L. 2015. Guia de Macrofauna y Etnornitologia en LUCRE -HUACARPAY Page 3 © 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú THE KEY TO THE BIRD LIST * = Species heard only Red – IUCN Red List Category IOC = International Ornithological Congress SACC = South American Classification Committee THE LIST OF BIRDS ANSERIFORMES Galliformes + Anseriformes, collectively called Galloanseres, are placed in the linear sequence to follow Tinamiformes in accordance with a wealth of data that show that these two orders are sister taxa, and that they are basal within the neognath birds, as well as see Mayr & Clarke (2003), Fain & Houde (2004), Livezey and Zusi (2007), Hackett et al. (2008), Eo et al. (2009), and Prum et al. (2015). See Zusi & Livezey (2000), Sorenson et al. (2003), Cracraft et al. (2004), and Eo et al. (2009) for support for the traditional monophyly of the Anseriformes. Cracraft (2013) divided the family into four subfamilies: Dendrocygninae, Oxyurinae, Anserinae, and Anatinae. ANATIDAE: DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS / PATOS, GANSOS, Y CISNES 1.-Puna Teal - Spatula puna - Pato de la Puna Seen two of them, common here. Anas puna and A. versicolor are sometimes (e.g., <?> Peters 1931, Johnsgard 1979, Carboneras 1992f, Dickinson 2003) considered conspecific, but most classifications (e.g., Hellmayr & Conover 1948a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Blake 1977, Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990, Dickinson & Remsen 2013, del Hoyo & Collar 2014) consider them to be separate species. They form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990), and genetic data (Johnson & Sorenson 1999) confirm that they are sister species. SACC proposal to treat puna as conspecific with versicolor did not pass. Johnsgard (1965) proposed that these two species were most closely related to African A. hottentota; genetic data (Johnson & Sorenson 1999) suggest that this is correct. 2.- Cinnamon Teal - Spatula cyanoptera - Pato Colorado Seen a pair only. Anas discors and A. cyanoptera were formerly (e.g., Pinto 1938, Hellmayr & Conover 1948a) placed in a separate genus, Querquedula, but see Delacour & Mayr (1945) and McKinney (1970). Genetic data (Johnson & Sorenson 1999) confirm that they are sister species (as did Eo et al. 2009). 3.-Yellow-billed (Speckled) Teal - Anas flavirostris - Pato Barcino Seen over five, common here. Johnson and Sorenson (1999) found that North American carolinensis was more closely related to A. flavirostris than either was to Old World A. crecca, but NACC delayed treating the two as separate species pending analysis of contact zone in Bering Sea and additional (nuclear) DNA data. <incorp Delacour & Mayr 1945, Johnsgard 1965> Page 4 © 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú Cinnamon Teal Photo by Ana Amable Yellow - billed (Speckled) Teal Photo by Nay Ruth Page 5 © 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE: Grebes / Zambullidores 4.-White-tufted Grebe – Rollandia Rolland - Zambullidor Pimpollo Seen three, Rollandia rolland was formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in genus Podiceps, but recent classifications usually follow Storer's (1963) analysis of morphology and display behavior in use of Rollandia for this species and microptera. The subspecies of continental South America, Rollandia r. chilensis, was formerly (e.g., Peters 1931, Pinto 1938; see also Fjelds√• & Krabbe 1990) considered a separate species from nominate rolland of the Falkland Islands. White-tufted Grebe Photo by Nay Ruth Leon COLUMBIFORMES COLUMBIDAE: PIGEONS AND DOVES / PALOMAS Y TÓRTOLAS Jarvis et al. (2014) and Prum et al. (2015) found that the Columbiformes were sister to Old World Pterocliformes + Mesitornithiformes. The monophyly of the Columbiformes has never been seriously questioned. Traditional classifications (e.g., Gibbs et al. 2001) treat the huge, extinct flightless pigeons of the Mascarene Islands as a separate family, Raphidae, but recognition of this family would certainly make both families paraphyletic because it would seem impossible that the three species of "Raphidae" are each other’s closest relatives, but instead represent three independent colonizations of separate islands with subsequent convergent evolution <find citation, if one exists>. Within the Columbidae, Goodwin (1983) recognized five subfamilies, only one of which, Columbinae, occurs in the Western Hemisphere. Page 6 © 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú These subfamily designations do not correspond to deep splits in the family. In fact, genetic data (Johnson 2004) indicate that the New World ground-doves are a distinctive group that are the sister group to a large sample of Old World and New World genera. SACC proposal passed to change linear sequence of genera to placed ground doves first. Pereira et al. (2007) confirmed the distinctiveness of the New World ground doves but did not find that they were the sister to all other columbids, but rather that the Columba group was; they also found strong support for the sister relationship between Columbina and Metriopelia. Gibb and Penny (2010) also found that the Columba group was sister to all other pigeons. Cracraft (2013) and Dickinson & Remsen (2013) placed the pigeons in three subfamilies: Columbinae, Peristerinae, and Raphinae (extralimital). SACC proposal passed to recognize two subfamilies and to modify sequence of genera. Dickinson & Raty (2015) determined that Claravinae or Claraviinae, not Peristerinae, is the correct subfamily name. Sweet et al. (2017) found that the relationships among the genera in the Claravinae are not reflected in traditional linear sequences. SACC proposal passed to modify linear sequence. 5.-Eared Dove - Zenaida auriculata - Tórtola Orejuda Seen two of them. Mayr & Short (1970), Goodwin (1983), and Baptista et al. (1997) considered Zenaida auriculata and Z. macroura, along with Z. graysoni, to form a superspecies; these three species were formerly (e.g., Peters 1937, Hellmayr & Conover 1942) placed in a separate genus, Zenaidura, but most subsequent authors have followed Goodwin (1958) for its merger into Zenaida. Although genetic data (Johnson & Clayton 2000b) confirm that they form a monophyletic group, recognition of Zenaidura would make Zenaida paraphyletic, thus supporting Goodwin's (1958) merger of Zenaidura
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  • Placement Student's Final Report*

    Placement Student's Final Report*

    Placement Student’s Final Report* LAURA CANNON *Abridged from original. Contains only Scientific Report portion. SCIENTIFIC REPORT THE EFFECT OF AN ARTIFICAL FEEDER ON HUMMINGBIRD BEHAVIOUR ABSTRACT Like their fellow nectavores, Hummingbirds try to maximize the ratio of energy obtained to energy expended; they try to consume as much nectar with as little movement as they can (Feinsinger, 1978; Hainsworth & Wolf, 1972). The way in which they optimize their consumption is through their ecologically defined roles, they behave in such a way to increase their chances of obtaining food; they often match the length of their bill to the length of the flower. Montgomerie & Gass (1981) noted that Hummingbirds abundance appears to be limited by the availability of nectar. In this study the presence of the artificial feeder provides a constant supply of food while it is up, which could cause a change in the Hummingbirds behaviour for example are maurders (bare in and feed) seen to convert to trapliners (visit multiple flowers), or territorialists (defenders) to become filchers (thieves)? Artificial feeders can affect hummingbirds foraging behaviour and abundance, but despite its potential importance, few previous studies have focused on the consequences of nectar feeders giving contradictory results (Feinsinger, 1978; Sonne et al., 2015). In a study by Arizmendi et al., (2007) the presence of a nectar feeder reduced hummingbird visitation to nearby plants in their study in Mexico. However in Brockmeyer and Schaefer’s study (2012) the number of visits to the flowers around the feeder increased when the feeder was present. This studies main focus is to determine how the presence of an artificial feeder affects the hummingbird’s behaviour specifically feeding, perching and aggression.