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Orthoptera and Mantodea Fauna of Kazdağı (Ida) National Park with Data on the Calling Songs of Some Bush-Crickets

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Orthoptera and Mantodea Fauna of Kazdağı (Ida) National Park with Data on the Calling Songs of Some Bush-Crickets H. SEVGİLİ, A. İ. DEMİRSOY, Y. DURMUŞ Turk J Zool 2011; 35(5): 631-652 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-0912-5 Orthoptera and Mantodea fauna of Kazdağı (Ida) National Park with data on the calling songs of some bush-crickets Hasan SEVGİLİ1,*, Ali İsmet DEMİRSOY2, Yusuf DURMUŞ2 1Ordu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Cumhuriyet Campus, Ordu - TURKEY 2Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara - TURKEY Received: 02.12.2009 Abstract: Th e Orthoptera and Mantodea fauna of Kazdağı National Park (Balıkesir) were investigated. Field studies were conducted between 2004 and 2005. During this study, 34 species of Orthoptera (16 Tettigoniidae, 1 Oecanthidae, 2 Pamphagidae, 1 Tetrigidae, and 14 Acrididae) and 3 species of Mantodea were investigated. Isophya cania, Poecilimon luschani egrigozi, Anadolua schwarzi, Rhacocleis acutangula (Tettigoniidae), Paranocaracris rubripes burri (Pamphagidae), and one recently described species, Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) kazdaghensis (Acrididae), are endemic taxa. Metrioptera (Broughtonia) arnoldi,, known from the Balkan fauna until now, is a new record for Turkish fauna. Th e calling songs of Metrioptera arnoldi, Rhacocleis acutangula, Anadolua schwarzi, Isophya cania, and Poecilimon luschani are described here for the fi rst time. Th e recordings of the some species are also given along with habitat observations and altitudinal distribution. From a zoogeographical perspective, Kazdağı holds both Balkan fauna elements as well as those typical of Mediterranean-Anatolian fauna. Key words: Fauna, bioacoustics, Kazdağı, Orthoptera, Mantodea, biogeography, Turkey Kazdağı (İda) Milli Parkı Orthoptera ve Mantodea faunası ile bazı çalıçekirgelerinin çağrı sesleri Özet: Bu çalışmada Kazdağı (İda) Milli Parkı (Balıkesir) Orthoptera ve Mantodea faunası incelenmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları 2004-2005 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda Orthoptera takımına ait 5 familyadan 34 tür, Mantodea takımına ait 2 familyadan 3 tür saptanmıştır. Orthoptera familyalarından Tettigoniidae familyasına ait 16 tür, Oecanthidae familyasına ait 1 tür, Pamphagidae familyasına ait 2 tür, Tetrigidae familyasına ait 1 tür ve Acrididae familyasına ait 14 tür belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanından Tettigoniidae familyasına ait Isophya cania, Poecilimon luschani egrigozi, Anadolua schwarzi ve Rhacocleis acutangula, Pamphagidae familyasından Paranocaracris rupripes burri, Acrididae familyasından yakın bir zamanda tanımlanan Chorthippus (Glyptobthrus) kazdaghensis taksonları endemiktir. Kazdağı’ndan saptanan Tettigoniidae familyasına ait daha önceleri Bulgaristan’dan bilinen Metrioptera (Broughtonia) arnoldi Türkiye faunası için yeni kayıttır. Metrioptera arnoldi, Rhacocleis acutangula, Anadolua schwarzi, Isophya cania ve Poecilimon luschani egrigozi tür/alttürlerinin erkek çağrı sesleri ilk kez bu çalışmada tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmada türlere ait varsa eski kayıtların yanı sıra, habitat gözlemleri, yayılış yükseltileri ve taksonomik problemleri de verilmiştir. Çalışma alanı zoocoğrafi k açıdan değerlendirildiğinde, Kazdağı’nın tipik Akdeniz-Anadolu faunasının yanı sıra Balkan faunası elemanlarını da barındırdığı ortaya konmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Fauna, biyoakustik, Kazdağı, Orthoptera, Mantodea, biyocoğrafya, Türkiye * E-mail: [email protected] 631 Orthoptera and Mantodea fauna of Kazdağı (Ida) National Park with data on the calling songs of some bush-crickets Introduction endemic and semiendemic species richness. More Damage to nature caused by human activities is than 60% of the bush cricket species (Tettigoniidae) a worldwide problem that has steadily increased in and several genera (e.g. Karabağ, 1958; Ünal, 2002) Turkey in recent years. Unsustainable agriculture, recorded from Turkey are endemic to Anatolia unregulated extractive industries, creeping (Çıplak et al., 1993; Çıplak and Demirsoy, 1995; urbanization, and the fragmentation of natural Çıplak et al., 2002a). environments are resulting in the loss of many However, when compared with other parts of species per year. Habitat loss and fragmentation pose Turkey, the Orthoptera fauna of the western part a serious problem for the proliferation of species of the Marmara region is rather poorly studied, since it limits the ability of many species to migrate especially on the Biga Peninsula and nearby islands to favorable conditions. In addition, the impact of of the Aegean Sea. Until now, no faunistic study global warming, resulting in numerous shift s in the concerning orthopterans has been conducted in this distribution and abundance of species, is now a well area, excluding a few taxonomic recordings (Heller documented fact (Th omas et al., 2004). Th erefore, et al., 2004; Sevgili, 2004a; Ünal, 2004; Çıplak et al., many countries have had to take preventive measures 2005). Th erefore, this study will make an important for protecting the diversity of natural habitats and contribution to our understanding of the Orthoptera against the loss of biodiversity in their regions. and Mantodea fauna of the region and to the Kazdağı National Park, the focus of this study, is one zoogeographical patterns of western Anatolia. of such important biodiversity hotspots in Turkey. In addition to taxonomic recordings, we also Study objectives recorded and described the acoustic signals of 11 Currently our knowledge of the biodiversity bush-cricket species within this area. Male songs of Kazdağı National Park is poor, excluding some are one of the most conspicuous elements of cricket plants (Özhatay and Özhatay, 2005; Satıl et al., and katydid behavior, conveying several kinds of 2006) and animal groups such as mammals (Yiğit information to the females for species identifi cation et al., 2006), amphibians, and reptiles (Hür et al., and mate choice (e.g. Heller, 1988, 1990, 2006; Ragge 2008), malacofauna (Gümüş, 2006), and butterfl ies and Reynolds, 1998; Gerhardt and Huber, 2002). and moths (Seven, 2006, 2007). Th e main objective Th e amplitude modulation of male calling songs of this study was to determine the Orthoptera and are thus rather diverse and strictly species specifi c Mantodea fauna of the national park. Th e Orthoptera in many genera such as Platycleis (e.g. Ragge, 1990; and Mantodea fauna of Turkey has been studied Ragge and Reynolds, 1998; Çıplak et al., 2002b), extensively (e.g. Mantodea by Demirsoy, 1977a and Isophya (e.g. Heller, 1988; Sevgili, 2004a; Sevgili et Orthoptera by Ramme, 1933a, 1933b, 1951; Uvarov, al., 2006), Poecilimon (e.g. Heller, 1988; Heller and 1934; Bei-Bienko, 1954; Karabağ, 1958, 1964; Sevgili, 2005; Heller et al., 2006), Leptophyes (e.g. Karabağ et al., 1971, 1974, 1980; Demirsoy, 1973, 1975, 1977b; Salman, 1978; Naskrecki and Ünal, Sevgili, 2004b), and Chorthippus (Perdeck, 1958; Mol 1995; Çıplak et al., 1996a, 1996b, 2002a; Sevgili and et al., 2003). Hence, in addition to faunistic data and Çıplak, 2000; Ünal, 2000, 2002, 2004; Sevgili, 2001) remarks, oscillograms of several important bush- and orthopterans have served as a model in the cricket species are provided. biogeographical evaluation of the region (Demirsoy, 2002; Çıplak, 2003a, 2003b, 2008; Kenyeres et al., Materials and methods 2009). Many factors contribute to the diversity of faunal and fl oral elements in Anatolia, where the Study area number of endemic species is high and most species Kazdağı (1796 m), formerly known as Ida are restricted to small areas (e.g. for fl ora, Avcı, 2005; Mountain, is the highest peak of the Biga Peninsula for fauna, Demirsoy, 2002). For example, among separating the Aegean and Marmara regions from the groups studied to date, Orthoptera has a high each other (Figure 1). Th e national park (39°40ʹN, 632 H. SEVGİLİ, A. İ. DEMİRSOY, Y. DURMUŞ 0 10 20 km N WE S Figure 1. Map of Biga Peninsula and Kazdağı. 26°45ʹE) is mainly made up of deep valleys, and the Song recordings canyons situated within the highlands of Kazdağı Live specimens were collected for song recordings continue in a north-south direction towards the and kept in the laboratory in string cages. Recordings vicinity of Edremit. Th is region supports diverse were made on multiple days at irregular intervals at 29- and distinct fl ora and fauna, consisting mainly of fi r forests at elevations higher than 1000 m and pine 30 °C. Specimens were kept isolated from each other forests at lower elevations. Th ere are about 800 natural in diff erent cages. For sound recording, a Sony WM- plant taxa in Kazdağı National Park and 68 of them GX688 Walkman and a stereo microphone were used. are endemic to Turkey (Özhatay and Özhatay, 2005). Th is system does not record frequencies above 20 kHz. About 30 of the endemic taxa grow only in this park Th e microphone was placed approximately 15 cm from (Satıl et al., 2006). Th erefore, the area was classifi ed the cage. Aft er digitizing the songs on a PC computer, as a European “Important Plant Area” (http://www. oscillograms (aft er high-pass fi ltering, Bessel, the cut- plantlife-ipa.org). off frequency was set to 1000 Hz) and song analyses Specimens and localities were conducted using the programs Turbolab and CoolEdit on a PC computer. For more details on the Specimens collected during fi eld studies were methods used, see Ragge and Reynolds (1998). prepared as museum material by the standard methods and deposited in the Hacettepe University Song terminology followed that of Ragge and Zoological Museum (HUZOM), Ankara. Some Reynolds (1998). Calling song: the song was produced specimens
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