List of Contributors

Jochen Büttner Jochen Büttner studied physics and philosophy at Universität Konstanz and the Freie Universität Berlin where he received his physics diploma. Since 1998, he has worked as a historian of science at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, where he completed his Ph.D. thesis on the emergence of Galileo’s new science. Jochen Büttner has studied the role of so-called challenging objects as mediators between practical and theoretical knowledge in early modern mechanics. Within the framework of the Excellence Cluster 264 Topoi, he is currently directing the junior research group “Between Knowledge and Innovation: The Unequal-Armed Balance.”

Sven Dupré Sven Dupré is professor of history of art, science, and technology at Utrecht University and the University of Amsterdam. He is the director of the project “Technique in the Arts: Concepts, Practices, Expertise, 1500–1950,” supported by a European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant. Previously, he was professor of history of knowledge at the Freie Universität Berlin and director of the research group “Art and Knowledge in Premodern Europe” at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. In Spring 2015, he was Robert H. Smith scholar in residence for Renaissance sculpture in context at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. His recent publications include Embattled Territory: The Circulation of Knowledge in the Spanish Netherlands (Academia Press, 2015), Laboratories of Art: Alchemy and Art Technology from Antiquity to the 18th Century (Springer, 2014), Art and Alchemy: The Mystery of Transformation (Hirmer, 2014), and Translating Knowledge in the Early Modern Low Countries (LIT, 2012).

Ursula Klein Ursula Klein is senior research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin and professor of philosophy of science at Universität Konstanz. She is author of Verbindung und Affinität (Birkhäuser, 1994); Experiments, Models, Paper Tools: Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century (Stanford University Press, 2003); Humboldts Preußen: Wissenschaft und Technik im Aufbruch (WBG, 2015); and Nützliches Wissen: Die Erfindung der Technikwissenschaften (Wallstein, 2016) and coauthor of Materials in Eighteenth-Century Science, A Historical Ontology (MIT Press, 2007). Her current research project is concerned with hybrid experts and the “useful sciences” in the industrialization of Prussia.

Richard L. Kremer Richard L. Kremer teaches history of science at Dartmouth College (USA) and curates that institu- tion’s collection of historic scientific instruments. His research deals with the “material culture” of Medieval and early modern European astronomy, its instruments, tables and computational tools, and products (calendars, almanacs, horoscopes, prognostications). Currently, Kremer is completing a book on astronomical ephemera printed in the fifteenth century and another on calendar-makers’ responses to Copernican, Tychonic, and Keplerian astronomy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Wolfgang Lefèvre Wolfgang Lefèvre was senior research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science until his retirement in 2006. His publications relevant to the volume’s topic are Naturtheorie und Produktionsweise (Luchterhand, 1978), Picturing Machines (ed.) (MIT Press, 2004), and Database Machine Drawings, together with Marcus Popplow. (2008 ff.: http://dmd.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ home).

Elaine Leong Elaine Leong leads the “Reading and Writing Nature in Early Modern Europe” research group at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. She has published widely on early modern vernacular medicine and science and is the coeditor of Secrets and Knowledge: Medicine, Science and Commerce 1500–1800 (Ashgate Publishing, 2011).

Pamela O. Long Pamela O. Long is an independent historian who has published widely in premodern and early modern history of science and technology and cultural history. Her books include Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001) and Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400– 1600 (Oregon State University Press, 2011). She is a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur fellow (2015–2020).

Elizabeth M. Merrill Elizabeth M. Merrill is a postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. She studied at Columbia University and at the University of Virginia, where she earned her Ph.D. Her research focuses on the role of the early modern architect, architectural design and building processes, and the structures of architectural collaboration and information exchange. Currently she is completing a book on the Sienese architect Francesco di Giorgio and the development of the early modern profession of architecture.

Bruce T. Moran Bruce Moran is professor of history at the University of Nevada, Reno, where he teaches courses in the history of science and early medicine. He is the author of Distilling Knowledge: Alchemy, Chemistry, and the Scientific Revolution (Harvard University Press, 2005) and Andreas Libavius and the Transformation of Alchemy: Separating Chemical Cultures with Polemical Fire (Science History Publications International, 2007). Most recently, he has coedited Bridging Traditions: Alchemy, Chemistry, and Paracelsian Practices in the Early Modern Era (Truman State University Press, 2015). In progress are Things Made and Things in the Making: Sentiment and Practice in Early Modern Alchemy and Paracelsus: Recreating Body and Soul. List of Contributors 477

Pietro D. Omodeo Pietro Daniel Omodeo is research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin and member of the Collaborative Research Center Episteme in Motion at the Freie Universität Berlin. His research focuses on science, philosophy, and literature in the early modern period, as well as on historical epistemology. He authored Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance: Reception, Legacy, Transformation (Brill, 2014) and coedited the volume Duncan Liddel (1561– 1613): Networks of Polymathy and the Northern European Renaissance (Brill, 2016).

Eileen Reeves Eileen Reeves is professor of comparative literature and an associate member of the program in the history of science at Princeton University. She took her Ph.D. in comparative literature from Stanford. She works at the intersection of early modern literary studies, the history of art, and the history of science. Much of her research has focused on the figure of Galileo Galilei and his relationship to astronomy, religion, optics, art, and a range of literary forms, including the scientific treatise and dia- logue, poetry, dialect literature, journalism, and drama. Her books include Painting the Heavens: Art and Astronomy in the Age of Galileo (Princeton University Press, 1997), Galileo’s Glassworks: The Telescope and the Mirror (Harvard 2008), On Sunspots (with Albert Van Helden, Harvard University Press, 2010), and Evening News: Optics, Astronomy, and Journalism in Early Modern Europe (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014). She is currently working on a book that deals with the evolution of printed images in the context of early modern astronomy. Other recent projects include essays on the relationships between optical and musical instruments, between astrology and literature, and between the new sciences and the visual arts.

Dagmar Schäfer Dagmar Schäfer is director of Dept. 3, managing director of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin and professor h.c. of the history of technology at the Technische Universität Berlin. Her main interest is the history and sociology of technology of China, focusing on the paradigms configuring the discourse on technological development, past and present. She has published widely on materiality, the processes and structures that lead to varying knowledge systems, and the changing role of artifacts—texts, objects, and spaces—in the creation, diffusion, and use of scientific and technological knowledge. Her monographThe Crafting of the 10,000 Things (University of Chicago Press, 2011) won the Pfizer Award (History of Science Society) in 2012 and the Joseph Levenson Prize (pre-1900) (Association for Asian Studies) in 2013. Her current research focus is the historical dynamics of concept formation, situations, and experiences of action through which actors have explored, handled, and explained their physical, social, and individual worlds.

Pamela H. Smith Pamela H. Smith is Seth Low professor of history and director of the Center for Science and Society at Columbia University where she teaches courses in early modern European history and history of science. Her books include The Business of Alchemy: Science and Culture in the Holy Roman Empire (Princeton University Press, 1994; Pfizer Prize);Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe (ed. with Paula Findlen, Routledge, 2002); The Body of the Artisan: Art and Experience in the Scientific Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2004; Leo Gershoy Prize); Making Knowledge in Early Modern Europe: Practices, Objects, and Texts, 1400–1800 (ed. with Benjamin Schmidt, University of Chicago Press, 2008); Ways of Making and Knowing: The Material Culture of Empirical Knowledge (ed. with Amy R. W. Meyers and Harold Cook, University of Michigan Press, 2015); and The Matter of Art: Materials, Practices, Cultural Logics c. 1250–1750 478 List of Contributors

(ed. with Christy Anderson and Anne Dunlop, Manchester University Press, 2015). She has published numerous articles on early modern European artisanal knowledge and culture, and, in current research, she is directing a large collaborative research and teaching initiative, The Making and Knowing Project, to reconstruct the vernacular knowledge of early modern craftspeople from a variety of dis- ciplinary perspectives, including hands on work in a laboratory.

Viktoria Tkaczyk Viktoria Tkaczyk leads the research group “Epistemes of Modern Acoustics” at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin and is professor at the Institut für Kulturwissenschaft, Humboldt-Universität Berlin. Her first book,Himmels-Falten. Zur Theatralität des Fliegens in der Frühen Neuzeit (Fink, 2011), was awarded the Ernst Reuter Prize in 2008 and the Book Award of the Amsterdam School of Cultural Analysis in 2012. From 2008 to 2010, she worked as a research fellow on the project “Theatrum Scientiarum. Performativity of Knowledge as Agent of Cultural Change” (Freie Universität Berlin), and in 2011, she carried out research as a Feodor Lynen fellow at the Atelier de Recherche sur l’Intermédialité et les Arts du Spectacle (CNRS) in Paris. Between 2011 and 2014, she was assistant professor of arts and new media at the University of Amsterdam and a Dilthey fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science. Viktoria Tkaczyk is a member of the Junge Akademie at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Recent publications include Listening in Circles: Spoken Drama and the Architects of Sound, 1750–1830 (Annals of Science 71/3, 2014), The Shot is Fired Unheard: Sigmund Exner and the Physiology of Reverberation (Grey Room 60, 2015), and The Making of Acoustics around 1800, or How to Do Science with Words (in Performing Knowledge, 1750–1850, ed. M. H. Dupree & S. B. Franzel, De Gruyter, 2015).

Matteo Valleriani Matteo Valleriani is senior scholar at Dept. 1 of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science. In his research, he investigates the process of the emergence of scientific knowledge in relation to its practical, social, and institutional dimensions. In this frame, and in reference to the early modern period, his major projects have been dedicated to Galileo’s science (Galileo Engineer, Springer, 2010) and to Nicolò Tartaglia’s ballistics (Metallurgy, Ballistics and Epistemic Instruments: The “Nova Scientia” of Nicolò Tartaglia. A New Edition, Edition Open Access, 2013). Affiliated to the Excellence Cluster Topoi, he investigated the emergence of hydromechanics in classical antiquity (Hydrostatics and Pneumatics in Antiquity, in G. L. Irby (ed.), A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome, Wiley-Blackwell, 2016). Matteo Valleriani worked on the processes of the appropriation of ancient science during the early modern period. He edited an issue of Nuncius (Appropriation and Transformation of Ancient Science, Nuncius, 29, 2014), which contains his final contribution to the study of the appropriation of ancient pneumatics through early modern garden technology (Ancient Pneumatics Transformed During the Early Modern Period, Nuncius, 29, 2014, 127–174: also: http://pratolino.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de). His current major project is concerned with the evolution of the scientific knowledge system in Europe from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries that revolved around cosmological knowledge. In the frame of digital humanities, Matteo Valleriani implements methods of social network analysis in history writing. Name Index

A Aristotle, 309, 314, 316, 318–320, 329, 342, 343, 353, Abraham of Souzdal, 84, 86 386, 388, 422, 427, 428, 433 Adler, Ken, 156 Arnold de Villanova, 358 Aeschylus, 79 Arquato, Antonio, 354 Agricola, Georgius, 290, 324, 373, 374, 376, 387–390 Ash, Eric, 287, 289, 302 al-Battāni, 344 Augustine of Hippo, 80, 313 Albert, Duke of Bavaria, 406 Averlino, Antonio, 21, 34, 252 Albert of Saxony, 129 Avicenna, 388 Alberti, Leon Battista, 11, 51, 81, 158, 228, 252 Avogarius, Petrus Bonus, 354, 355, 363 Albertus Magnus, 388, 389 Avxentevskaya, Maria, ix al-Bīrūnī, Abu ‘r-Raihan Muhammad ibn Ahmad, 425 Azzolini, Monica, 322, 333, 354, 360 Albrecht, Andrea, v Albumasar, Dscha’far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma’schar al-Balchi, 362 B Alciato, Andrea, 327 Bacon, Francis, 14, 92, 105–106, 108, 110, 168, 171, Alcuin of York, 318 172, 178, 180, 181, 186, 323 Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 404, 405 Badino, Massimiliano, ix, 14 Alexander the Great, 317 Baglione, Giovanni, 202 Alexander VI, Pope, 354 Baldung, Hans, 198 Alexis of Piedmont, 402 Barbaro, Daniele, 253 al-Farghānī, Abu l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Barozzi da Vignola, Jacopo, 252 Kathir, 425 Barozzi, Francesco, 421, 430 Alfonso II d’Este, 8, 232 Bartholomew of Salerno, 340 Alfonso of Aragon, 354 Barwick, Humpfrey, 154, 158 Alfonso X of Castile, 311, 315, 317, 344 Basilius Augistinus, Johannes, 354 al-Khwārizmī, Muhammad ibn Musa, 343 Basse, Nikolaus, 399 Amman, Jost, 120, 209, 210, 394 Beccafumi, Domenico, 193–195, 203, 214 Ammannati, Bartolomeo di Antonio, 95 Becher, Johann Joachim, 398 Anderson, Philip Warren, 4 Beham, Hans Sebald, 214 Anderson, Robert, 160 Belhoste, Bruno, 290, 291 Andreani, Andrea, 202, 203, 208, 212, 214, 215 Benjamin, Walter, 403 Angelus, Johannes, 355 Bennett, Jim, ix, 228, 287, 291 Anthonisz, Cornelis, 208 Bergling, Friedrich, 293–297, 302 Antoninus of Florence, 8 Bergman, Toborn Olaf, 300–301 Antonio da Trento, 194, 207, 214, 215, 218, 219 Bertazzuolo, Gabriele, 95 Apianus, Petrus, 438, 439 Besson, Jacques, 98 Apollonius, 341 Bewer, Francesca, 381 Aquilone, Giusto, 144, 145, 148 Biagioli, Mario, 309 Aquinas, Thomas, 239 Biank, Johanna, ix Aragonese, Sebastiano, 196 Biringuccio, Vannoccio, 139, 291, 373, 376, 378, 379, Archimedes of Syracuse, 316, 317, 319, 321, 381, 386–389 323, 341 Blado, Antonio, 228 Architas, 319 Blair, Ann, 22, 333 Aretino, Pietro, 190, 191 Blondel, François, 122, 141–143, 146, 154, 155, Aristophanes, 79 157–159, 226

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 205 Casolani, Alessandro, 214, 215 Bock, Jerome, 398, 400 Castillon, Jean, 300 Boerhaave, Herman, 390 Cataneo, Pietro, 16, 195, 198 Boethius, 340 Catherine de Medici, 235 Bonatti, Guido, 335, 362, 363 Cattaneo, Angelo, 236, 435, 449 Bonincontrius, Laurentius, 354, 363 Cavallo, Sandra, 66, 68 Bonjorn, Jacob ben David, 335 Cavellat, Guillaume, 450, 451, 453–456, 459 Boord, Andrew, 66–68 Cellini, Benvenuto, 253, 390 Borgia, Cesare, 43 Cesariano, Cesare, 237, 253 Borgia, Don Ferrante, 97 Cesarini, Giovangiorgio I, 237, 253 Böttger, Johann Friedrich, 293 Chalmers, Alan, ix Boulton, Matthew, 303 Chappuis, Gabriel, 196, 198 Bourdin, Jean, 236 Charles I of England, 106 Bourne, William, 123, 132, 153 Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 347 Boyer, Claude, 108 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 210, 317 Boyle, Robert, 178 Charles the Great, King of the Franks, 318 Boys, Jeffrey, 69, 71, 72 Charleton, Walter, 70 Brahe, Tycho, 317 Chen, Kaijun, 272, 279 Bramante, Donato, 81, 253 Chicheley, Thomas, 160 Brant, Sebastian, 350 Christie, John, 56 Braun, Ernst, 139 Christina of Lorraine, 95 Bresciano, Prospero, 179, 180 Christina Queen of Sweden, 231 Breughel, Peter, 198 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 319, 340 Brink, Trolis Nielson, 137, 138 Clavius, Christophorus, 307, 309, 313–317, 329, 430, Brounker, William, 160 440, 451, 452, 454, 456, 459 Brunelleschi, Filippo, vi, 28–30, 33, 34, 86, 158, 252 Clericuzio, Antonio, 70 Brunfels, Otto, 398, 399, 403 Cockayne, Emily, 65 Brunschwig, Hieronymus, 397 Cogan, Thomas, 66–68, 70 Buchner, Johann Sigmund, 151 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 203, 251 Bufalini, Leonardo, 226–231, 234, 237, 242 Cole, Michael, 239, 381 Buffequin, Denis, 108 Collins, Anthony, 139 Bukharin, Nikolai, 308 Collins, John, 140, 160 Bullein, William, 66, 67, 70 Columbus, Christophorus, 320 Buonarroti, Michelangelo, 253 Comte de Maurepas, 411 Buonarroti, Michelangelo il Giovane, 92, 95 Conway, Edward, 55, 57–59, 63–72 Buontalenti, Bernardo, 92, 95, 96 Cook, Harold, 70, 291, 302 Bürger, Stefan, 248–250 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 133, 309, 317, 320, 364 Burgkmair, Hans, 214, 215 Cordibella, Giovanna, v Buridan, Johannes, 129 Coriolano, Bartolomeo, 198, 200–202, 215 Burns, Howard, 48, 231, 233 Cornaro, Giovanni, Doge, 214 Büsinck, Ludolph, 197, 215 Corneille, Pierre, 107 Butinus, Johannes, 58 Corneille, Thomas, 108 Büttner, Jochen, 9, 16, 17, 115–162, 241, 308 Cosimo I de Medici, 239 Cosimo II de Medici, 92, 96, 97 Croll, Oswald, 394 C Cronstedt, Axel Frederic, 300 Callippus of Cyzicus, 309, 320 Callot, Jacques, 97 Calvin, Johannes, 319 D Camerarius, Joachim, 398 d’Angelo, Francesco, 83 Campanus of Novara, 334, 344, 358 d’Abano, Pietro, 358 Campi, Antonio, 197, 214 d’Alambert, Jean Baptist, 82 Cantagallina, Remigio, 92, 93, 95–97 d’Amboise, Charles, 87, 91 Canter, Johannes, 354 Dai, Zhen, 280, 281 Cao, Yin, 279 Damerow, Peter, 3, 118, 119, 148, 302, 303 Capobianco, Alessandro, 121 Dante Alighieri, 93, 99 Capp, Bernard, 57 Danti, Egnazio, 227, 239–242 Caravaggio, da Polidoro, 214 Danti, Girolamo, 239 Cardano, Girolamo, 7, 13, 309, 321–329, 402 Danti, Giulio, 239 Cartaro, Mario, 227, 236–239, 242 Danti, Piervincenzo, 239 Name Index 481

Danti, Vincenzo, 239 Dosio, Giovannantonio, 47 Davis, Margaret Daly, 231 Drach, Peter, 352 de Andrade Martins, Roberto, 428 du Cange, Charles, 340–348 de Arévalo, Rodrigo Sánchez, 78 du Gardin, Luis, 58 de Bardi, Giovanni, 95 du Pinet, Antoine, 197 de Billy, Marie, 235 du Rochechouat, René, 235 de Blanchis, Julianus, 362 Duan, Yucai, 280, 282 de Bondaroy, Auguste Denis Fougeroux, 411 Duhamel du Monceau, Louis Henry, 409–414 de Chauliac, Guy, 358 Duncan, Bruce, 333, 352 de Chaves, Jerónimo, 440 Düntze, Oliver, 333, 347, 362 de Crescenzi, Pietro, 195 Dupérac, Étienne, 47, 227, 232–236, 238, 239, 242 de Froidour, Louis, 412 Dupré, Sven, 10, 17, 18, 35, 167–186, 290, 291, de Granollachs, Bernat, 335 302, 395 de Guardia, Alonso, 263 Durantius, Camillus, 355 de Guise, Charles, 235 Dürer, Albrecht, 184, 186, 192, 200, 214, 252, 263, 399 de Harsy, Denis, 206 Dym, Warren, 376, 381, 388 de Honnecourt, Villard, 255–258 Dymock, Cressy, 61 de la Perrière, Guillaume, 205, 206, 209 de la Rue, Jean-Baptist, 264–266 de Latis, Bonetus, 354 E de l’Ecluse, Charles, 197, 399, 400 Eber, Paul, 312 de Lobel, Matthias, 395 Eck, Johann, 350 de l’Orme, Philibert, 252, 261–263, 266 Eck, Paulus, 355 de Luntis, Bernardinus, 363 Eckstein, Adam, 355 de Marchi, Francesco, 228, 230 Edward III, King of England, 347 de Marolles, Michel, 203 Egenolff, Christian, 398 de Mayerne, Theodore, 70 Egio, Benedetto, 231, 233 de Nemore, Jordanus, 343 Egmond, Florike, 169 de Rieux, Alexandre, 108 Ehrle, Francesco, 228, 230, 233, 234 de Rossi, Galeazzo, 321 Eisenstein, Elizabeth, 173 de Rossi, Giovanni Giacomo, 234 Eisermann, Falk, 333, 346, 356 de Tournes, Jean, 205 Eldred, William, 116, 143, 150, 154, 160 de Vandelvira, Alonso, 263–265 Elyot, Thomas, 66, 67 de Vaudémon, Charles, 235 Engel, Johann, 339, 364 de Visé, Jean Donneau, 108–109 Engels, Freidrich, 247 Dee, John, 440 Erasmus, Desiderius, 180 dei Paolo, Pietro, 98 Eratosthenes, 341 del Bianco, Baccio, 97 Etzler, August, 394 del Monte, Guidobaldo, 11, 98 Euclid of Alexandria, 253–255, 260, 266, 267, della Bella, Stefano, 97 313, 323, 341 della Porta, Giambattista, 178 Eudoxus of Cnidus, 309, 319, 320 della Volpaia, Benvenuto, 22–28, 30, 31, 33, 36–39, Euripides, 79 41, 49–51 Evelyn, John, 202, 412, 413 della Volpaia, Lorenzo, 26, 32, 36, 37 Derand, François, 266 Desargues, Girard, 266, 267 F Descartes, René, 102, 104, 105, 110, 128 Faber, Wenzel, 347, 353–355, 357, 361–363 di Cosimo, Giuseppe Bianchino, 208 Fabricius, Guilelmus, 347, 348, 354, 361, 362 di Giorgio Martini, Francesco, 17, 22–25, 28, 30, 31, 33, Falk, Tilman, 333, 408 34, 36, 37, 40, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 252 Federici, Vincenzo, 236 di Giovanni, Francesco, 33 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, 405 Diderot, Denis, 412 Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, 382, 405 Dietrich, Jacob, 399 Ferdinand of Aragon, 382, 405 Dieussart, François, 214 Ferdinando I de Medici, 96 Digby, Kenelm, 64, 65, 70 Ferrante I, King of Naples, 334, 335 Digges, Thomas, 133, 134, 143, 144, 147 Fibonacci, Leonardo, 343 Dioscorides, 404, 405 Field, Judith, 266, 402, 408 Dodoens, Remmert, 196, 197, 399, 400 Findlen, Paula, 14, 290, 404 Dominicus, Maria, 341, 355 Finé, Oronce, 430 Doni, Anton Francesco, 191, 195, 196, 209, 210 Finiguerra, Maso, 22 482 Name Index

Fiorani, Francesca, 239, 240 Grafton, Antony, 228, 321, 353, 354 Fioravanti, Leonardo, 8 Granada, Miguel Angel, 309 Fiorentino, Rosso, 216 Granovetter, Mark, 448 Fissell, Mary, 66 Grant, Edward, 422, 427, 438, 439 Flamsteed, John, 160, 161 Graver, Margaret R., 333 Floris, Franz, 206, 208 Green, Jonathan, 333, 345, 347, 348, 359, 361, 362 Follino, Federico, 96 Gregory XIII, Pope, 234, 240, 314 Folz, Hans, 349 Gridolfi, Filippo, 176, 178, 185 Fontana, Domenico, 238 Grimaldi, Claudio Filippo, 278 Fortuna, Giovanni, 215 Grimaldi, Girolamo, 98 Fracastoro, Girolamo, 307, 309–313, 315–317, 329 Grimm Jacob and Wilhelm, 348, 352 Fracht von Andernach, Jacob, 262 Grosseteste, Robert, 345, 425 France, Cathrin Ann, 117, 122, 140, 158 Grüninger, Johann, 397 Francesco I de Medici, 240 Grünpeck, Josephus, 354 Franz, Floris, 206, 208 Gu, Jichen, 276 Frederick, count Palatinate of the Rhine, 406 Guangyao, Wang, 271 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, 317 Guido da Siena, 125, 126 Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway, 317 Gundissalinus, Dominicus, 341 Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, 354 Guo, Fuxiang, 271, 274, 276 Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, 10 Gutenberg, Johannes, 355 Frick, Georg Friedrich C., 296 Friedrich August I, Saxon Elector, 293 Fronsperger, Leonhard, 124, 136 H Frontinus, Sextus Iulius, 16, 242 Hall, Bert, 2, 140, 146, 147, 156, 252 Fulvio, Andrea, 210, 233 Hall, Rupert, 117, 297 Furetière, Antoine, 203 Halleux, Robert, 343 Furth, Charlotte, 281 Halley, Edmond, 124, 140, 155 Furttenbach, Joseph, 93, 95, 97, 107, 108, 110 Hamel, Jürgen, 397, 428 Fuzhi, Wang, 280 Handsch, Georg, 407 Hankins, Thomas L., 91 Hardyman, Thomas, 59, 60, 62–65 G Harkness, Deborah, 56, 196, 291 Galenus, Claudius, 16, 68, 316, 449 Harley, Edward, 35, 55, 57–59, 63–68, 70–72 Galilei, Galileo, v, 2, 144, 146–148, 303, 429, 440 Harriot, Thomas, 146 Galison, Peter, 169, 224, 225, 414 Hart, James, 66, 68, 70 Gallo, Giovanni, 214, 215 Hartlib, Samuel, 412 Garzoni, Tomaso, 8, 241 Harvey, Gabriel, 440 Gasser, Achilles Pirmin, 440 Hegel, Friedrich, 4 Gellius, Aulus, 87 Heilbron, John, v, ix, 240 Gemmatus, Baptista, 355 Henckel, Johann Friedrich, 301 Gerard, John, 196, 398, 399 Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, 354 Gerard of Cremona, 344 Henry III, King of France, 232, 234 Gerbino, Anthony, 158, 226, 254 Henry IV, King of France, 234, 236 Gerhard, Carl Abraham, 297–302 Heracles, 317 Gesner, Conrad, 398, 402, 405 Hermbstaedt, Sigisund Friedrich, 292 Ghiberti, Buonaccorso, 22–28, 30, 33, 36, 37, 39, 41, 49, Hero of Alexandria, 87, 341 51, 82 Heshen, Niohuru, 271–273, 279, 284 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 22, 26–28 Heyny, Christmann, 347 Giambologna, 214 Hille, Peter, 403 Gingerich, Owen, 310, 430 Hindle, Steve, 64 Giovio, Paolo, 209, 210 Hippocrates of Kos, 325 Giuntini, Francesco, 430 Hodgson, John, 333 Glauber, Johan Rudolf, 390 Hoffmann, Maurice, 360, 400 Glogoviensis, Johannes, 347, 348, 355, 362 Hollandus, Isaac, 176, 177, 186 Godfrey of St. Victor, 80 Holste, Luc, 240 Goltzius, Hendrick, 194, 198, 212–215 Holzmeyer, Peter, 403 Goltzius, Hubert, 193, 202, 210 Homer, 205 Goodwin, Gordon, 59 Hon, Giora, 184 Görlin, Johann, 398 Hondedei, Giovanni, 98 Götz, Johannes, 348, 353–355, 360 Hooke, Robert, 105, 160 Name Index 483

Horace, 200 Kepler, Johannes, 105, 324, 364 Hord, Jobst, 355 Kilwardby, Robert, 80 Howard, Luke, 105, 110 Klaproth, Martin Heinrich, 291–297, 301, 302 Hoyrup, Jens, 255 Klein, Ursula, 5, 11, 12, 18, 56, 63, 175, 178, 251, Hugh of St. Victor, 79, 80, 341, 342 287–303 Hülsen, Cristiano, 25, 34, 39, 50 Knowles, James, 59 Körner, Hans, 402 Kremer, Richard L., 7, 13, 16, 18, 333–365 I Kristeller, Paul, 99, 403 Ibn Butlân, 345, 352 Kunckel, Johannes, 10, 17, 35, 173–186, 291 Ibn Ezra, R. Abraham, 352 Kusukawa, Sachiko, 311, 399, 403 ibn Qurra, Thâbit, 425 Kyeser, Konrad, 126 Ibn Zuhr, 325 Ippolito II d’Este, 231, 232 Isidore of Seville, 80 L Lacy, Bill, 50 Laet, Johannes, 355 J Lafreri, Antonio, 233–236 Jacobus de Spira, 354 Landi, Niccolo, 185 Jacobus, Johannes, 406 Latour, Bruno, 414 Jacquart, Danielle, 340 Laurenza, Domenico, 81, 91 James I, King of Scotland, 106, 154 Lavoisier, Antoine, 411 Jamnitzer, Wenzel, 291, 383, 385, 386 Lazega, Emmanuel, 441, 453 Janot, Denys, 205, 206 le Comte, Florent, 203 Jegher, Christoffel, 202, 214 Lechtman, Heather, 382 Jerratsch, Anna, 202, 214 Leclerc, Georges-Luis, Comte de Buffon, 411 Jiaqing, Emperor of China, 272 Lefèvre, Wolfgang, 5, 18, 31, 228, 247–267, 303 Jing, Qingsheng, 272 Leibniz, Johann Gottfried, 108, 109 Johann Georg II, Elector of Saxony, 174 Leinberger, Hans, 378 Johanna St. John, 59–65, 69, 71 Leitao, Henrique, 437, 438, 443, 450, 459 John of Gmunden, 356 Lemercier, Claire, 441, 453 John of Lignères, 343 Leo X, Pope, 350 John of Rupescissa, 174 Leonardo da Vinci, 17, 22, 23, 25, 26, 36, 42–44, 50, 51, John of Saxony, 352 77–91, 109, 127, 128, 131, 134, 137 John of Seville, 343, 344 Leong, Elaine, 7, 17, 35, 55–72, 169, 170, 175, 292 John Roberts of Weston, 143 Lexer, Matthias, 348 Johns, Adrian, 173 Liberale, Giorgio, 404, 405, 408, 413 Johnson, Jan, 192–194, 196, 198, 203, 210, 212 Lichtenberger, Johannes, 354 Johnson, Thomas, 399 Liddel, Duncan, 307, 309, 315–318, 329 Johnston, John, 197 Lievens, Jan, 214 Johnston, Steven, 254 Ligorio, Pirro, 226, 230–236, 242 Jones, Inigo, 92, 97, 106 Ligozzi, Iacopo, 214 Jones, Peter, 289, 303 Lindgard, John, 161 Jonston, Joannes, 377 Lipscombe, Trevor, 428 Josephus Flavius, 316 Liu, Dunzhen, 272 Jousse, Mathurin, 266 Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo, 179 Julius Caesar, 210, 311, 315, 317, 318 Long, Pamela O., 11, 13, 18, 51, 64, 80, 169, 182, 184, Julius, Heinrich, Duke of Brunswick, 315, 317 223–243, 279, 288, 289, 302, 333, 337, 340, 342 Julius III, Pope, 230 Lorenzo de Medici, 22 Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de Medici, 92 Lorini, Buonaiuto, 37 K Lotti, Cosimo, 97 Kangxi, Emperor of China, 281 Louis XII, King of France, 43 Kant, Immanuel, 105, 302 Louis XIV, King of France, 159, 203 Karlstadt, Andreas, 350 Lowengard, Sarah, 291 Kästlin, Hermann, 347 Lull, Ramón, 358 Kemli, Gallus, 349 Luo, Wenhua, 271 Kentmann, Johannes, 395 Lurin, Emmanuel, 233–236 Kentmann, Theophilus, 395, 402 Luther, Martin, 350–352 484 Name Index

Lüthy, Christoph, 290, 291, 302, 395 N Lycurgus, 322 Needham, Joseph, 278 Lysippus, 205 Neile, Paul, 62 Neri, Antonio, 17, 173–179, 181–186, 291 Newdigate, Richard, 64 M Newman, William, 342, 343, 390 Macrobius, 341 Newton, Isaac, 69, 72, 140, 146, 390, 432 Madruzzo, Cristoforo, 406 Nian, Xiyao, 279 Magini, Antonio, 430 Nicholas of Cusa, 323 Maier, Jessica, 228, 230, 236, 238 Nickelsen, Kärin, 408, 412 Malet, Antony, ix Nicolai, Arnold, 400 Malkin, Irad, 397, 404, 441, 442 Nieto Galan, Agustí, 291 Malvasia, Carlo Cesare, 202, 203 Norten, John, 399 Manfredis, Hieronymus, 355, 360, 361 Norton, Robert, 155 Mansfeld, B., 355 Nuñes, Pedro, 431, 438, 448, 450, 451, 453–460 Manzoni, Alessandro, v Nye, Nathaniel, 149, 156 Marcolini, Francesco, 190, 195 Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund, 292, 301 Margócsy, Daniel, 377 O Maria Maddalena of Austria, 92 Ogilvie, Brian, 399, 402, 412 Markham, Gervase, 57, 59–61, 64, 69 Ohlenschläger, Alexandra, 333 Marr, Alexander, 24 Olschki, Leonardo, 169 Martino da Udine, 405 Omodeo, Pietro D., 7, 13, 18, 307–329 Marus of Salerno, 358 Orsini, Fulvio, 233 Māshā-allāh, 363 Orsini, Paolo Giordano, 97 Mathesius, Johannes, 381, 382 Ovid, 200, 218, 315, 317, 387, 449 Mattioli, Pietro Andrea, 194, 196, 197, 207, 214, 215, 217–219, 393, 398, 400, 404–410, 413 Maurolicus, Franciscus, 430 P Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 317, 354 Pacioli, Luca, 263, 323 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, 404 Palissy, Bernard, 179 Mayor, Johann Daniel, 108, 110 Palladio, Andrea, 252, 253 Mazzola, Francesco, 194 Panckow, Thomas, 15, 393–396, 400–403 McClure, George W., 8, 241 Pantin, Isabelle, 313, 440, 447, 450 McGee, David, 31 Panvinio, Onofrio, 230, 233–236 Megiser, Hieronymus, 98 Paracelsus, 171, 174, 176, 377, 380, 388, 389, 394 Melanchthon, Philipp, 310, 312, 329 Parigi, Alfonso, 95–97 Melantrich, Georg, 406 Parigi, Alfonso, the younger, 97 Meli, Domenico, 159, 160 Parigi, Giulio, 11, 77, 78, 92, 93, 95, 99, 106, 107, 109 Mentzel, Christian, 174 Parronus, Guilemus, 354 Mercuriale, Girolamo, 341 Patrizi, Francesco, 8 Merrett, Christopher, 17, 177–179, 181, 182 Paul III, Pope, 228, 230, 239, 309 Merrill, Elizabeth M., 8, 17, 21–51, 195 Paul of Middelburg, 354, 355 Merton, Robert, 297, 337 Paul of Taranto, 342 Meyerpeck, Wolfgang, 404, 405, 408, 413 Paumgartner, Hans, 214 Michiel, Marcantonio, 21, 22 Peckham, John, 425 Miller, David, 289, 303 Pedersen, Olaf, 340, 341, 344, 425, 427 Modenese, Gerolamo, 236 Pena, Pierre, 399 Molyneux, William, 160, 161 Peranda, Giovanni Francesco, 234 Monge, Gaspard, 267 Percy, Henry, 70 Moore, Jonas, 149, 160 Pérez, Liliane, 291 Moran, Bruce T., 13, 15, 18, 290, 393–414 Perugino, Pietro, 239 Moray, Robert, 63, 159, 160 Peruzzi, Baldessare, 194, 195, 253 Morgan, Mary, 397, 400 Peter Philomena of Dacia, 243 Morris, William, 334 Peterson, Willard, 281 Moschella, Jason, 333 Petrarca, Francesco, 93 Moss, Ann, 24 Petrucci, Antonello, 333–335, 337 Muller, Cornelius, 400 Pettegree, Andrew, 12, 14 Muncz, Johannes, 355 Peuerbach, Georg von, 311, 317, 344, 357, 358, 438, Mysol, Benedictus, 355 447, 450 Name Index 485

Pezzana, Niccolò, 409 Reni, Guido, 198, 200–202, 215 Pfister, Silvia, 349 Renieri, Giovanni Battista, 159 Pflaum, Jacob, 335 Renn, Jürgen, v, ix, 5, 6, 119, 145, 302, 303, 308, Philipp-Emanuel de Lorraine, 235 441, 459 Philipp the Upright, 360–361 Richardson, Roger C., 64 Phillippes, Henry, 144 Ridolfi, Carlo, 202 Picchena, Curzio, 95 Rihel, Wendel, 398 Piccolomini, Alessandro, 437, 438 Rinuccini, Camillo, 92, 93, 95 Piero della Francesca, 252, 263 Rivault, Flurance, 141 Pifferi, Francesco, 429, 430, 451, 452 Robins, Benjamin, 117, 147, 148 Pino, Marco, 214, 215 Roger of Hereford, 343 Pino, Paolo, 179 Rosand, David, 402, 409 Pirckheimer, Willibald, 263 Roubo, André-Jacob, 290 Pisano, Leonardo, 323 Ruan, Yuan, 280 Pittoni, Giambattista, 196 Rubens, Peter Paul, 202, 214 Pius IV, Pope, 231–233, 240 Rudwick, Martin, 300, 301 Pius V, Pope, 232, 236 Ruel, Jean, 404 Plantin, Christoph, 399, 400 Ruitenbeek, Klaas, 272, 284 Plato, 255, 315, 316, 319, 324 Ruscelli, Girolamo, 373 Pliny the Elder, 81 Ryff, Peter, 422–424, 428, 429 Polanyi, Michael, 377 Ryff, Walther Hermann, 135 Polich, Martin, 355 Poliziano, Angelo, 87 Pollux, Julius, 79, 82 S Polo, Marco, 196 Sabbattini, Nicola, 11, 77, 78, 92, 93, 98–100, Pomata, Gianna, 56, 179, 333 102–107, 110 Popplow, Marcus, 98, 241, 278 Sachs, Hans, 352 Portius, Agapitus, 355 Sacrobosco, Johannes de, 4, 14, 15, 239, 309, Pott, Johann Heinrich, 301 313–315, 334, 335, 343, 344, 397, 422–431, Proclus, 319, 430 433–435, 438–442, 447–453, 458, 459 Prolianus, Christianus, 333–337, 340, 344, 364 Salvadore, Rabbi Abba, 355 Ptolemaeus, Claudius, 309, 311, 314, 316, 318, 343, Sambrook, Pamela, 57, 60–62 344, 358, 361, 363, 422, 431, 438, 449, 450 Sanctorius, Sanctorius, 4, 449 Puccini, Bernardo, 253 Sander, Christoph, 443 Purfoot, Thomas, 399 Sangallo, Antonio da, 228, 253 Pye, David, 387 Sangallo, Giuliano da, 22–25, 28, 29, 33, 34, 37, 39, Pythagoras of Samos, 205, 255, 316 40, 47, 49–51 Sanseverino, Giovan Francesco, 81–82 Santbech, Daniel, 149 Q Sarton, George, 345, 352 Qi, Ping, 276, 277 Scaglia, Gustina, 24, 27, 28, 30, 33, 35, 38, 51, 86 Qianlong, Emperor of China, 10, 271–284 Scamozzi, Vincenzo, 47, 252 Schäfer, Dagmar, 9, 18, 271–284 Schemmel, Matthias, ix, 146 R Schickore, Jutta, 184, 185 Raimondi, Marcantonio, 192 Schinnagel, M., 355 Ramus, Petrus, 7, 317–321, 323, 329 Schneider, Karin, 347 Rankin, Alisha, 56, 170, 175, 225, 292 Schöner, Johannes, 360 Raphael, 193, 202, 215, 253 Schott, Johann, 398–400 Reeves, Eileen, v, 10, 13, 16, 18, 189–219, 347 Schottenloher, Karl, 361 Regiomontanus, Johannes, 308, 317, 323, 335, 337, Schröder, Johann, 395 340, 344, 347, 348, 355–358, 361, 363, 364, Schrotbanck, Hans, 355 438, 447, 450 Schynagel, Marx, 353 Reichardt, Heinrich Wilhem, 298, 299 Scott, Michael, 344 Reinhart, Kevin A., 333 Scribanarius, M., 355 Reinhold, Erasmus, 309–312, 315, 317, 329 Seidel, Wolfgang, 171, 172 Reisch, Gregor, 79, 80 Sendigovius, Michael, 69 Remmert, Volker, v Sennert, Daniel, 377 Rengart, Konrad, 347, 348, 357 Sennett, Richard, 2, 409 486 Name Index

Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor, 47 Tinghi, Cesare, 97 Serlio, Sebastiano, 252, 253 Titian, 190–192, 198, 199 Sextus Aurelius Propertius, 198 Tkaczyk, Viktoria, 10, 13, 17–18, 77–110, 168, 290 Seybold, Leonhard, 348, 361 Tocci, Luigi Michelini, 24 Shank, Michael, 333 tom Ring, Hermann, 394 Shelby, Lon, 257, 258 Torelli, Giacomo, 106, 110 Sibum, Otto, 62, 63, 65 Torricelli, Evangelista, 151, 159 Silverman, Robert, 91 Tracey, John, 56–59, 63, 69, 72 Siraisi, Nancy, 292, 341, 358 Trajan Decius, Roman Emperor, 48 Sirena, Angela, 190 Treviso, Antonio, 227 Sixtus V, Pope, 234 Tryon, Thomas, 69–72 Slack, Paul, 66 Tscherte, Johann, 263 Smith, Pamela H., 7, 16, 18, 35, 56–58, 71, 170, 183, Tull, Jethro, 411 290, 291, 371–390 Tur, Alexandre, 333, 345 Solis, Virgilus, 197, 316 Song, Lingping, 271 Sophocles, 79 U Sorg, Anton, 348 Ufano, Diego, 129–131, 141–143 Sormani, Leonard, 180 Ugo da Carpi, 191, 192, 196, 198, 202, 208–211, 215 Sosigenes of Alexandria, 318 Urban V, Pope, 347 Spary, Emma, 56, 287, 290, 291 Stabius, Johann, 354 Starkey, George, 69 V Steinle, Friedrich, 184 Vaccari, Lorenzo, 236 Steinschneider, Moritz, 352 Valentin, 355 Stewart, Roberta, 333 Valerianus, Petrus, 450 Stigliola, Nicola Antonio, 238 Valgrisi, Vincenzo, 404, 406, 408, 409 Stimmer, Tobias, 214 Valleriani, Matteo, 1–18, 56, 87, 116, 132, 135–137, 150, Stöffler, Johannes, 317, 335, 438 152, 186, 303, 308, 333, 421–460 Storeck, Gunthild, ix van Breen, Gillis, 214 Storey, Tessa, 66, 68 van den Broecke, Steven, 333 Strada, Jacopo, 253 van der Borcht, Pieter, 400 Strimer, Johannes, 345 van der Weyden, Rogier, 372 Strozzi, Giovanbattista, 92 van Heemskerck, Maarten, 47, 121 Stürmer, Wolfgang, 403, 404 van Helmont, Jan Baptista, 69, 70 Sumner, James, 62–64, 69, 71 van Kampen, Gerard, 400 Susena, Carolus, 355 van Mander, Carel, 201 van Veen, Otto, 176 Varnbühler, Ulrich, 214 T Vasari, Giorgio, 16, 22, 82, 84, 86, 87, 97, 191–196, Tacca, Fernando, 97 200–203, 207, 253 Taccola, Jacopo Mariano, 25, 28, 33, 37, 45, 51 Vergil, 434 Taccone, Baldassarre, 81 Vespucci, Amerigo, 92, 93, 320, 435, 436 Tartaglia, Nicolò, 6, 117, 129, 132, 135–137, Vianini, Antonio Maria, 96 140, 141, 144, 147, 148, 150, 152, Vicentino, Niccolò, 190, 214 157, 158 Villamena, Francesco, 234 Taussig, Michael T., 224 Villifranchi, Giovanni, 95 Taylor, Paul, 181 Vinet, Elié, 450–453, 455–459 Tessicini, Dario, 309 Virdung, Johannes, 355, 360, 361 Thales of Miletus, 314 Visconti, Honorato, 105 Theobertus of England, 346 Vitruvius, Marcus Pollio, 169, 242, 252–254 Theophrastus, 388, 389 Vittoria, Alessandro, 196 Thirsk, Joan, 59, 60 von Calw, Ulrich Rülein, 387, 388 Thorndike, Lynn, 335, 345, 352, 354, 359, 425, von Carlowitz, Hans Carl, 412 426, 434 von Crell, Lorenz, 292 Threale, Thomas, 62 von Hájek, Tadeáš Hájek, 405 Thurneisser, Leonhard, 15, 394, 395, 400, 404 von Heinitz, Friedrich Anton, 294, 295 Name Index 487 von Humboldt, Alexander, 290 Wolf, Christian, 302 von Sandrart, Joachim, 201–203 Wonnecker, Johannes, 355, 359 von Sichem, Georg, 406 von Tschirnhaus, Ehrenfried Walther, 293 von Wallhausen, Johann Jacob, 122, 123, 140, X 152, 153 Ximenez, Emmanuel, 176, 177

W Y Wallerius, Johan Gottschalk, 301 Yongzheng, Emperor of China, 281 Wallis, Faith, 358, 359 Yworth, William, 69, 70, 72 Walton, Steven, 123, 139, 140, 154, 157, 159 Watson, James, 280 Watt, James, 303 Z Watts, Duncan, 397, 405, 441 Zacut, Abraham, 335 Webster, Charles, 70, 388 Zainer, Günther, 346, 347 Wechtlin, Hans, 215 Zanetti, Anton Maria, 194 Weffring, Blasius of St. Joachimsthal, 373 Zeising, Heinrich, 98 Weiditz, Hans, 398, 399 Zhang, Lingxi, 282 Weigel, Christoph, 202 Zhang, Qiong, 271 Wen, Dan, 275 Zhang, Shuqian, 271 Werner, Abraham Gottlob, 300, 349 Zhu, Xi, 280 Werner, Johannes, 317 Zilsel, Edgar, 169, 297, 337 Westman, Robert S., 309, 321, 364 Zonca, Vittorio, 98 Wilhelm IV, Landgrave of Hessen Kassel, 317 Zongren, Yao, 275, 276 William, Duke of Cleves, 406 Zongxi, Huang, 280, 281 William the Englishman, 358 Zorn, Bartholomaeus, 393, 400, 401 Wintergrün, Dirk, 456 Zubler, Leonhard, 122 Wlodarczyk, Jaroslaw, 333 Zwinger, Friedrich, 409 Place Index

A Cauco Valley, 224 Africa, 240 Cesena, 355 Alexandria, 68, 87, 317 Chaillot, 235 Altdorf, 400 Châteax-Neuf de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 236 America, 240, 327 Chemnitz, 387 Amsterdam, 289 Chengde, 275 Ancona, 240 China, 9, 18, 278, 280, 374 Annaberg, 387 Civitanova, 237 Antwerp, 176, 185, 290, 362, 399, 400, 443, 444, Civitavecchia, 240 447, 453 Coimbra, 450 Asia, 240, 278, 407 Columbia, 224 Assisi, 215, 342 Constance, 360 Athens, 79, 240 Conway, 55 Augsburg, 171, 347, 348, 352–354, 361, 405 Corfu, 240 Aumale, 235 Cracow, 354, 355 Avignon, 240 Cremona, 344, 354

B D Baghdad, 345 Denainvilliers, 411 Barbados, 71 Denmark, 317, 394 Basel, 360, 373, 409, 422, 447 Didyma (Greek sanctuary), 260 Bavaria, 347, 406 Dresden, 174, 175 Beijing, 272, 273, 276, 277, 284 Dubrovnik, 372 Berlin, 174, 287, 291–294, 297–300, 394, 400, 404 Bochum, 298 Bohemia, 387, 405 E Bologna, 204, 240, 354, 355, 360, 361, 363, 404, 447 Elba, 240 Bordeaux, 450 Elfsborg, 153 Brampton Bryan, 59 England, 7, 59–63, 66, 70, 72, 116, 140, 157, 159, 168, Brandenburg, 10, 174, 175, 181, 184, 291, 298, 291, 303, 346, 348 394, 403 Erfurt, 347, 352 Brazil, 327, 435 Europe, 4, 12, 55, 68, 78, 80, 92–110, 168, 198, Britain, 278, 289, 318 223–243, 287–289, 293, 297, 303, 335, 337, 362, Brunswick, 298, 315, 317 372–377, 379, 386, 393–414, 422, 428, 429, 433, 435, 441–445, 450, 453, 460

C Cabo de Sāo Roque, 435 F Caen, 235 Ferrara, 12, 231–233, 354, 363 Campania, 238, 240 Flanders, 185, 435 Cape Verde, 435 Florence, vi, 11, 12, 22, 26, 28, 29, 33, 38, 43, 48, 83, Castel Sant’ Angelo, 121 84, 91–97, 107, 110, 145, 171, 176, 185, 204, Castile, 311, 335, 344 232, 236, 239, 240, 248, 251, 253, 290, 291, 354, Catalonia, 335 363, 447

France, 204, 235, 236, 240, 260, 262, 278, 288, 292, 318, Lake Nemi, 228, 230 360, 363, 411, 412 Lazio, 240 Franche-Comté, 198, 236 Leiden, 169, 174, 453 Frankfurt am Main, 398, 399, 442, 447 Leipzig, 347, 348, 350, 353, 354, 362, 403, 404, 443, Frankfurt an der Oder, 403 447 Freiberg, 288, 294, 299, 376, 377, 387 Lisbon, 335, 436–438, 447 Freiburg, 404, 405 London, 58, 59, 68–71, 132, 178, 196, 291, 399 Friuli, 229 Lydiard Park, 59, 60, 60n15 Lyon, 58, 197, 291, 443, 453

G Gansu, 272, 273 M Genoa, 240, 363, 435 Magdeburg, 298 Germany, 191, 201, 202, 248, 292, 317, 320, 388, 442 Mainz, 355, 453 Goerlitz, 403 Malapane, 298, 299 Gorizia, 405 Malta, 240 Gotha, 110 Manchester, 63, 333 Goussainville, 235 Mantua, 95–97, 363 Great Britain, 289, 318 Marches, 237 Greenwich, 71 Mediterranean Sea, 436 Meissen, 291, 293 Milan, 81, 91, 127, 204, 251–253, 323, 354, 360, 363 H Modena, 12 Halle, 298, 403 Munich, 171, 347 Heidelberg, 354, 355 Münsterberg, 354 Helmstedt, 315, 317 Murano, 176, 181, 291 Hessen-Kassel, 317 Hildesheim, 376 N Nancy, 235, 341 I Naples, 230, 231, 238, 239, 334, 335, 337, 363 Iberian Peninsula, 440, 442, 443, 447, 448 Neumark, 298 Ibiza, 144 Normandy, 198, 235 Ile de France, 198 Northern Ireland, 425 Ingolstadt, 348, 353, 354 Northumberland, 70 Innsbruck, 347 Nuremberg, 200, 290, 291, 321, 335, 339, 347, 348, 352, Ireland, 198, 425 360, 364, 383, 403, 405 Ischia, 238 Italy, 27, 68, 81, 84, 92, 96, 106, 109, 110, 202, 216, 225, 227, 233, 240, 250, 278, 358, 363, 442, 444, 452 P Padua, 108, 309, 341, 354, 355, 372 Palatine Hill, 47 J Palestine, 435 Jamaica, 314 Paris, 26, 79, 92, 97, 106, 108, 109, 205, 206, 233, 235, Japan, 327 236, 264, 265, 290, 291, 318, 333, 335, 347, 348, Jiangnan, 273 354, 359, 422, 425, 435, 447, 450, 451, 453, 455, Joachimsthal, 373, 381, 382, 387 456, 458, 459, 478 Parma, 93, 94 Patagonia, 327 K Pavia, 345, 354 Kiluta, 55 Peru, 327, 328 Kladsko, 354 Perugia, 239, 240, 354, 363 Kreuzburg, 298, 299 Pesaro, 98 Kuestrin, 403 Petworth, 57–59, 63, 64, 72 Kurmark, 298 Pfaueninsel, 174, 175, 291 Kutná Hora, 374, 375 Picardy, 198 Pisa, 323, 363, 435 Pithiviers, 411 L Poitiers, 235 La Flèche, 266 Poland, 363, 394 Lake Como, v Pomerania, 298 Place Index 491

Portugal, 363, 444, 450, 459 Trent, 406 Potsdam, 174–176 Tübingen, 335, 354 Pozzuoli, 238 Tuileries, 235 Prague, 375, 403, 405, 406, 441 Turin, 231, 233 Prussia, 287, 288, 292, 297–300, 475 Tuscany, 97, 394 Pyrenees, 198

U R Udine, 227, 405 Rome, 11–13, 16, 26, 33, 39, 48–50, 87, 121, 192, 195, Ulm, 335, 398 210, 225–243, 250, 252, 253, 335, 337, 363, 429, Ulster, 425 452–454, 478 Urbino, 33, 78, 98, 240, 354, 355, 363 Roma, 26, 39, 40, 48, 227–231, 234

V S Vatican, 81, 228, 231–233, 236, 237, 240 S. Gervasio, 453 Vatican Hill, 237 Saint Gobain, 291 Veneto, 190 Salamanca, 447 Venice, 5, 13, 22, 47, 106, 108, 110, 185, 191, 192, 227, Salzbug, 406 232, 233, 240, 290, 291, 309, 343, 345, 354, 363, Savoie, 198 367, 372, 404, 406, 408, 409, 413, 435, 440, 443, Saxony, 129, 174, 289, 298, 300, 352, 373, 381, 406 444, 447, 453, 455, 458 Schemnitz, 294 Versailles, 106, 110 Schwäbisch Hall, 355 Vienna, 110, 190, 293, 338, 354–358, 405 Scotland, 63 Wienn, 356 Siena, 22, 25, 29, 33, 40, 49, 125, 126, 194, 195 Vivarais, 198 Silesia, 298–301 Vrigny, 411 Speyer, 352 Strassburg, 360, 398 Suzhou, 273–277, 284 W Sweden, 153, 170, 300 Warwickshire, 62 Swindon, 59, 60 Wittenberg, 310, 311, 320, 400, 442, 443, 447 Syria, 435 Wolfenbüttel, 173, 177, 183

T Y Tegernsee, 171, 382 Yunnan, 273 Terra del Fuego, 327 The Netherlands, 121, 181, 252, 291, 475 Tivoli, 232 Z Toledo, 337, 357 Zellerfeld, 299 Tremiti, 240 Zwickau, 382, 387, 404