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The Morals, Vol. 2 [1878]
The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Plutarch, The Morals, vol. 2 [1878] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. LIBERTY FUND, INC. -
THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DEMOCRACY and WAR: the CASE of ANCIENT ATHENS David M
THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND WAR: THE CASE OF ANCIENT ATHENS David M. Pritchard (University of Queensland) Introduction This edited collection significantly advances our understanding of the two-way relationship of causation between democracy and war in world history. In particular it explores the almost entirely neglected question of the impact of the democracy of the classical Athenians on their waging of war. Today ancient Athens is not widely known for its intensification and transformation of war-making among the Greeks. It is famous instead for what is arguably the most fully developed democracy of pre- modern times and for its innovative culture, which helped lay the foundations for the arts, literature and sciences of the ancient and modern worlds. In 508/7 BC the Athenian dmos (‘people’) rose up against a leader who was once again aiming for tyranny, expelled him and the foreign troops backing his attempt, and arrested and executed his upper-class supporters (Ath. Pol. 20.1-21.2; Herodotus 5.65.5-74.1).1 They could no longer tolerate the internecine struggles of the elite and demanded an active role in the decision-making of the city. This was quickly realised by the reforms of Cleisthenes, which made the assembly and a new popular council of five- hundred members the final arbiters of public actions and laws.2 By the early 450s the people had consolidated their new dmokratia (‘democracy’) by making decisions on an increasing range of public affairs and by taking over entirely the administration of justice and the oversight of magistrates (e.g. -
Determining the Significance of Alliance Athologiesp in Bipolar Systems: a Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE
Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2016 Determining the Significance of Alliance athologiesP in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE Anthony Lee Meyer Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Meyer, Anthony Lee, "Determining the Significance of Alliance Pathologies in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE" (2016). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1509. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1509 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLIANCE PATHOLOGIES IN BIPOLAR SYSTEMS: A CASE OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR FROM 431-421 BCE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By ANTHONY LEE ISAAC MEYER Dual B.A., Russian Language & Literature, International Studies, Ohio State University, 2007 2016 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ___April 29, 2016_________ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Anthony Meyer ENTITLED Determining the Significance of Alliance Pathologies in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ____________________________ Liam Anderson, Ph.D. -
Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition
Copyright © Heritage History 2010 Some rights reserved This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, PREFACE however, are the property of Heritage History and are subject to certain restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity of the work, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to The ultimate, it might be said, the only authority for assure that compromised versions of the work are not widely the military and political facts given in this narrative, is disseminated. Thucydides. These facts have been admirably expounded In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this and arranged by Grote, to whom everyone interested in text, a copyright by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date Greek history must be under obligations which cannot be are included at the foot of every page of text. We require all electronic adequately expressed. I have to acknowledge specially my and printed versions of this text to include these markings, and that indebtedness to the maps which accompany the sixth users adhere to the following restrictions. volume of his history. In writing this little book I have also 1. -
The Athenian Empire
Week 8: The Athenian Empire Lecture 13, The Delian League, Key Words Aeschylus’ Persians Plataea Mycale Second Ionian Revolt Samos Chios Lesbos Leotychidas Xanthippus Sestos Panhellenism Medizers Corinth Common Oaths Common Freedom Asia Minor Themistocles Pausanias Dorcis Hegemony by Invitation Aristides Uliades of Samos Byzantium Hybris Delos Ionia Hellespont Caria Thrace NATO UN Phoros Hellenotamias Synod Local Autonomy 1 Lecture 14, From League to Empire, Key Words Eion Strymon Scyros Dolopians Cleruchy Carystus Naxos Eurymedon Caria Lycia Thasos Ennea Hodoi Indemnity Diodorus Thucydides Athenian Imperial Democracy Tribute Lists Garrisons 2 Chronological Table for the Pentekontaetia 479-431 481/0 Hellenic League, a standard offensive and defensive alliance (symmachia), formed with 31 members under Spartan leadership. 480/79 Persian War; battles under Spartan leadership: Thermopylae (King Leonidas), Artemesium and Salamis (Eurybiades), Plataea (Pausanias), and Mycale (King Leotychides). 479 Thank-offerings dedicated at Delphi for victory over Persia including serpent column listing 31 cities faithful to “the Hellenes”. Samos, Chios, and Lesbos, and other islanders enrolled in the Hellenic League. Sparta, alarmed by the growth of Athenian power and daring, send envoys to urge the Athenians not to rebuild their walls, but Themistocles rejects the idea and tricks the envoys; Athenians rebuild walls using old statues as ‘fill’, while Themistocles is on diplomatic mission to Sparta. Following the departure of Leotychides and the Peloponnesian contingents, Xanthippus and the Athenians cross over to Sestos on the European side of the Hellespont, lay siege to the town, and capture the Persian fortress. Themistocles persuades the Athenians to complete fortifications at Piraeus, begun in 492; while Cimon promotes cooperation with Sparta, Themistocles hostile to the hegemon of the Peloponnesian and Hellenic leagues; attempts to rouse anti-Spartan feelings. -
Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus
Journal of Ancient History 2019; 7(1): 62–110 Allaire B. Stallsmith* A Divine Couple: Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0019 Abstract: This paper concerns a collection of rough-hewn flat stelae excavated from the precinct of Zeus Meilichios in Selinus, Sicily between 1915 and 1926, a majority with two heads or busts, one male and one female, carved at their tops. These crudely fashioned idols are unique in their iconography. They combine the flat inscribed Punic stela with the Greek figural tradition, with some indigenous features. Their meaning is totally obscure – especially since they lack any literary reference. No comparable monuments have been found in ancient Mediterranean cult. The twin stelae were often set up above a collection of burnt rodent and bird bones, ashes, lamps, broken and burnt pottery and terracotta figurines, as a mem- orial of a sacrifice. The stelae were the objects of a gentilicial cult, similar to that posited for the inscribed “Meilichios stones” with which they shared the Field of Stelae of Zeus Meilichios. The theory advanced here interprets these diminutive stelae (average height 30 cm) as the objects of domestic cult. It was customary in many parts of the ancient Mediterranean, from the Bronze Age down to the Ro- man period, to venerate household or family gods who protected the health and the wealth of the family. They were thought to embody the spirits of the ancestors and could at times be identified with the gods of the state religion. This divine couple whose effigies were dedicated in the Field of Stelae over a period of four centuries, into the third century, cannot be claimed as Greek or Punic deities. -
Relations Between Greek Settlers and Indigenous Sicilians at Megara Hyblaea, Syracuse, and Leontinoi in the 8Th and 7Th Centuries BCE
It’s Complicated: Relations Between Greek Settlers and Indigenous Sicilians at Megara Hyblaea, Syracuse, and Leontinoi in the 8th and 7th Centuries BCE Aaron Sterngass Professors Farmer, Edmonds, Kitroeff, and Hayton A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Departments of Classical Studies and History at Haverford College May 2019 i Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ iv I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION PRE-750 BCE .................................................................................... 2 Greece ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Euboea ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Corinth ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Gifts Given to Delian Apollo During the Greek Archaic Period
Spectacular Gifts: Gifts Given to Delian Apollo During the Greek Archaic Period Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bonnie McCutcheon Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee Greg Anderson, Advisor Nathan Rosenstein Timothy E. Gregory 1 Copyrighted by Bonnie McCutcheon 2018 2 Abstract Delos, birthplace to the gods Apollo and Artemis, was home to a significant sanctuary to Apollo in the Greek Archaic Period. Apollo and his sanctuary received many spectacular gifts which stand out in the historical record, including world-premiere works of art, such as the Nikandre kore. The turannos of Samos, Polycrates, notably gave to Apollo the neighboring island of Rheneia, which he attached to Delos with a chain. These and other gifts include elements of the spectacular which make them stand out. To understand the role played by elements of spectacle in gifts at Delos, we must examine these gifts as a discourse. Only by putting them in context with one another can we fully understand the messages that each gift was meant to communicate. Ultimately, I will argue that this is a discourse about establishing and performing identity as xenoi (guest- friends) of the gods and as megaloprepes (magnificent or great men). iii Dedication For Russ, who always believed in me, even when I did not. iv Acknowledgments The composition of this dissertation has spanned over a decade of my life, and could not have been completed without the support of my family and mentors at the Ohio State University. -
The Annual of the British School at Athens the Topography of Megara
The Annual of the British School at Athens http://journals.cambridge.org/ATH Additional services for The Annual of the British School at Athens: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The Topography of Megara S. Casson The Annual of the British School at Athens / Volume 19 / November 1913, pp 70 - 81 DOI: 10.1017/S0068245400009102, Published online: 11 October 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0068245400009102 How to cite this article: S. Casson (1913). The Topography of Megara. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 19, pp 70-81 doi:10.1017/S0068245400009102 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/ATH, IP address: 130.133.8.114 on 01 May 2015 THE TOPOGRAPHY OF MEGARA. ACCORDING to early investigators of the topography of the Megarid, the sites of Minoa and Nisaea were identified, the former with the small hill surmounted by a mediaeval castle standing in the middle of the coast-line in front of Megara, and the latter as the hill upon which is the church of St. George, above the hamlet of Pachi (Fig. 4). Sprattx was the first to suggest this identification, which he based both on the existence of remains of ancient buildings around the small hill and on the assumption that it was originally severed from the land (Fig. 1). His view was subsequently confirmed by Lolling.2 It has, however, recently been suggested s that the site identified as Nisaea is really the site of Minoa, while that given to Minoa is the real Nisaea. -
The Military and Political Role of the Allies of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War
THE MILITARY AND POLITICAL ROLE OF THE ALLIES OF SPARTA IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR BY PANAYIOTIS KATSIVARDELOS Thesis Presented for the Degree of the Master of Letters GLASGOW 1992 © Panayiotis Katsivardelos 1992 ProQuest Number: 13815419 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13815419 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PARENTIBUS CARISSIMIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Knox for his understanding, cooperation, constructive criticism and especially for drawing my attention to numerous points throughout this work. Special thanks to Prof. MacDowell whose influences have helped in various direct and indirect ways. I owe particular debts of gratitude to my family, for their moral support and constant encouragement during all these years. Finally I would like to extend my thanks to my colleagues and friends in Glasgow, for their contribution which aided me in improving parts throughout my work and especially to C. Arvanitis & A. Fragos. I would also like to extend my sincere appreciation to J. -
The Peace of Nicias
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1977 The eP ace of Nicias/ Milo Milton Williams University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Williams, Milo Milton, "The eP ace of Nicias/" (1977). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2082. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2082 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PEACE OF NICIAS A Thesis Presented By MILO MILTON WILLIAMS, JR. Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 1977 History Department ii THE PEACE OF NICIAS A Thesis Presented By MILO MILTON WILLIAMS, JR Approved as to style and content by: George Kirk «/Wf^' Ronald Ware Edward Phinnny /CsW /^yt« .«*v+**+ Date Bell, Graduate Program Director iii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. TOWARD PEACE 5 Strategic Considerations 5 Finances 9 The Truce 13 Delay For The Present: Scione Revolts 21 III. THE INSTRUMENT OF PEACE 24 Basis For Peace 24 General Terms 25 Specific Terms 28 Formal Conclusions 40 IV. THE PEACE IN ACTION 51 Immediate Consequences 51 Document Of The Spartan-Athenian Alliance 52 The Aftermath: Military and Diplomatic Confusion 60 V. CONCLUSIONS: WHOSE VICTORY? 65 APPENDIX: The Peace Of Nicias And The Financial Recovery Of Athens. -
Thucydides HISTORY of the PELOPONNESIAN WAR
Thucydides HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR Thucydides HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ■ HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvisori/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/00-index.htm2006-06-01 15:02:55 Thucydides HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR:Index. Thucydides HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR General Index ■ THE FIRST BOOK ■ THE SECOND BOOK ■ THE THIRD BOOK ■ THE FOURTH BOOK ■ THE FIFTH BOOK ■ THE SIXTH BOOK ■ THE SEVENTH BOOK ■ THE EIGHTH BOOK file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvisori/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/0-PeloponnesianWar.htm2006-06-01 15:02:55 PELOPONNESIANWAR: THE FIRST BOOK, Index. THE FIRST BOOK Index CHAPTER I. The State of Greece from the earliest Times to the Commencement of the Peloponnesian War CHAPTER II. Causes of the War - The Affair of Epidamnus - The Affair of Potidaea CHAPTER III. Congress of the Peloponnesian Confederacy at Lacedaemon CHAPTER IV. From the end of the Persian to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War - The Progress from Supremacy to Empire CHAPTER V. Second Congress at Lacedaemon - Preparations for War and Diplomatic Skirmishes - Cylon - Pausanias - Themistocles file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvi...i/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/1-PeloponnesianWar0.htm2006-06-01 15:02:55 PELOPONNESIANWAR: THE SECOND BOOK, Index. THE SECOND BOOK Index CHAPTER VI. Beginning of the Peloponnesian War - First Invasion of Attica - Funeral - Oration of Pericles CHAPTER VII. Second Year of the War - The Plague of Athens - Position and Policy of Pericles - Fall of Potidaea CHAPTER VIII. Third Year of the War - Investment of Plataea - Naval Victories of Phormio - Thracian Irruption into Macedonia under Sitalces file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvi...i/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/1-PeloponnesianWar1.htm2006-06-01 15:02:55 PELOPONNESIANWAR: THE THIRD BOOK, Index.