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1 Vol. 10 No. 1 Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2018 (ISSN 2220-3796) Vol. 10 No. 1 ISSN 2220-3796 Published by International Foundation for Research and Development (IFRD) 1 Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2018 (ISSN 2220-3796) Editorial Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) provides a unique platform to scholars around the world to share their knowledge and publish research work in the fields of information management, business, management and related disciplines. The work submitted for publication consideration in IMBR should address empirical and theoretical developments in the subjects related to scope of the journal in particular and allied theories and practices in general. Scope of IMBR includes: subjects of finance, accounting, auditing, cost & management accounting, financial psychology, financial literacy, marketing, information management, human resource management, knowledge management, innovation, change management, enterprise management, e-commerce and information system. Author(s) should declare that work submitted to the journal is original, not under consideration for publication by another journal, and that all listed authors approve its submission to IMBR. It is IMBR policy to welcome submissions for consideration, which are original, and not under consideration for publication by another journal at the same time. Author (s) can submit: Research Paper, Conceptual Paper, Case Studies and Book Review. The current issue of IMBR comprises of papers of scholars from Iraq, Pakistan, Iran, India and China. The relationship between watching television & academic achievement, moderating role of self-congruence: impact of brand personality on brand attachment, comparative advantage in Indian economy, EFL Teaching Approach in Kurdistan are some of the major practices and concepts examined in these studies. Journal received research submission related to all aspects of major themes and tracks. All the submitted papers were first assessed by the editorial team for relevance and originality of the work and blindly peer reviewed by the external reviewers depending on the subject matter of the paper. After the rigorous peer-review process, the submitted papers were selected based on originality, significance, and clarity of the purpose. Current issue will therefore be a unique offer, where scholars will be able to appreciate the latest results in their field of expertise, and to acquire additional knowledge in other relevant fields. Prof. Dileep Kumar, M., Ph. D. Editor In Chief 2 Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2018 (ISSN 2220-3796) Editorial Board Editor In Chief Dileep Kumar, M., Ph. D., University Institute for International and European Studies (Malaysia Center) University Gorgasali, Georgia Members Ari Warokka, Ph. D., University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Susantha Herath, Ph. D, St. Cloud State University, USA Dong Hwa Kim, Ph. D., Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Eric Bentzen, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Ijaz Ur Rehman PhD, Al Falah University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Gurmeet Singh Bhabra, Ph. D, University of Otago, New Zealand KOH Noi Keng PhD, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Nazli Akman, Ph. D., Bilkent University, Turkey Hoonandara R Goonatilake, Ph D, Texas A&M University, USA Ketna Mehta, Ph. D, Welingkar Education, India Khorshed Chowdhury, Ph. D, University of Wollongong, Australia Elena Garcia Ruiz, Ph. D, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Samsudin Wahab, Ph. D., MARA University of Technology, Malaysia Ayhan Kapusuzoglu, Ph. D, Yildirim Beyazit University, Turkey Johan de Jager, Ph. D., Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Lew Tek Yew, Ph. D, Curtin University Sarawak, Malaysia Rishidaw Balkaran, Ph. D., Durban University of Technology, South Africa Rohitha Goonatilake, Ph. D, Texas A&M Int. University, USA Hai-Chin YU, Ph. D, Chung Yuan University,Chungli, Taiwan Boubker Sbihi PhD, I-shcool ESI, Rabat, Morocco Chandana Prasad Withana, Ph. D., Charles Sturt University, Sydney, Australia 3 Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2018 (ISSN 2220-3796) Table of Contents Description Pages Title 1 Editorial 2 Editorial Board 3 Table of Contents 4 Papers 5 The Relationship between Watching Television and Academic Achievement in 9th Graders Students 6 Karwan Kakabra Kakamad, Abdulfatah Hasan Fatah Moderating role of self-congruence: Impact of brand personality on Brand attachment through the Mediating role of Trust 13 Asma Amjad, Fiza Amjad, Khalid Jamil, Sharjeel Yousaf Comparative Advantage in Indian Economy: 1990-2014 23 Gholamreza Fathipour, Pratibha S. Gaikwad Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance and Capital Structure of Non-Financial Firms of Pakistan 31 Hassan Ahmad, Nasreen Akhter, Tariq Siddiq, Zahid Iqbal A Case for A Dogme "Lite" EFL Teaching Approach in Kurdistan 47 Nicholas Rion, Karwan Kakabra Kakamad, Abdulfatah Hasan Fatah 4 Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2018 (ISSN 2220-3796) PAPERS 5 Information Management and Business Review (IMBR) Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2018 (ISSN 2220-3796) The Relationship between Watching Television and Academic Achievement in 9th Graders Students Karwan Kakabra Kakamad, Abdulfatah Hasan Fatah Psychology Department, Soran University, Iraq [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This study examines the relationship between watching television and academic achievement of school going 9th-grade students in Kurdistan region of Iraq. After a brief review of some related research and programs the ground realities and problems prevails in Kurdistan region of Iraq society regarding students spending time watching television, their life will be shaped by television, and this affects their academic achievements. The researcher used a quantitative Causal-Comparative research methodology, and 240 9th graders students selected in three different schools. Non-random purposive sampling was used to collect the data. in general, this study finds that television viewing has a moderately negative effect on the academic achievement. This means the more students spent time watching Television the less grade they will achieve in their school. Finally, there are some recommendations provided that should be taken by families and educators including, watching certain programs, co-viewing, having only one television at home. Keywords: Academic achievement, watching television, Students, Education 1. Introduction Since the invention of the medium of television in the mid-1920’s and its later proliferation around the world, television has become the most influential means of mass communication. As a consequence, its use has been studied, critiqued, and debated by literally thousands of scholars, including sociologists and psychologists. Few would argue that television has not radically changed the lifestyles of people and their cultures. It has changed the lifestyle of people and become a major influence on the culture. Some students use Television and an educational tool, on the other hand, some uses it as a leisure tool. In particular, televisions impact on young people has garnered the most attention by academia and has been one area of intense study and debate. In fact, there are thousands of studies about television and its impact on young children and adolescence teenagers. For example, scholars know how many hours of television children and young students’ alike watch each day and how many television sets are in the average household. Moreover, they know where in the household these devices are located and much about children’s access to them. They know the types of programming they view and what kinds of programming different groups prefer. According to recent studies, almost every single student in the world watches television each and every day. Nearly all students live in a home with a television set. Half of the homes have additional two or three television devices. One study claims that nearly one-third of students have a television in their own bedrooms (Rideout, Vandewater & Wartella, 2003). Many studies like one conducted by Reeks and Walsh (n.d) maintain that watching television will increase “aggressive manners”, particularly in children. For some psychologists like (Chonchaiya, & Pruksananonda, 2008) television is responsible for delayed language development in infants and lower academic achievement. Countless other studies attest to television’s negative impact on children and adolescents. On the other hand, many studies like one conducted by Paavonen, Roine, Pennonen, & Lahikainest, (2009) maintain that through the proper use of educational shows offered by producers like Disney and Discovery, as well as countless others, that television can be a source of important information and improve student’s academic performance. How to weigh the positive benefits of television viewing against the negative consequences of too much television “watching” is often at the center of the debate about how to use television. There are many students around the world that spend many hours watching television. There are many researchers who have shown that students waste time watching television. Moreover, they have a television in their bedrooms, and they can watch anything they want without their families' knowledge. For instance, they can watch comedy movies, sexy movies,
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