Taste Quality Representation in the Human Brain
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Impact of Precisely-Timed Inhibition of Gustatory Cortex On
1 Impact of precisely-timed inhibition of gustatory cortex 2 on taste behavior depends on single-trial ensemble 3 dynamics ∗1 2 y3 4 Narendra Mukherjee , Joseph Wachukta , and Donald B Katz 1,2,3 5 Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis University 1,2,3 6 Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University 3 7 Department Of Psychology, Brandeis University 8 Abstract 9 Sensation and action are necessarily coupled during stimulus perception – while tasting, 10 for instance, perception happens while an animal decides to expel or swallow the substance 11 in the mouth (the former via a behavior known as “gaping”). Taste responses in the ro- 12 dent gustatory cortex (GC) span this sensorimotor divide, progressing through firing-rate 13 epochs that culminate in the emergence of action-related firing. Population analyses re- 14 veal this emergence to be a sudden, coherent and variably-timed ensemble transition that 15 reliably precedes gaping onset by 0.2-0.3s. Here, we tested whether this transition drives 16 gaping, by delivering 0.5s GC perturbations in tasting trials. Perturbations significantly 17 delayed gaping, but only when they preceded the action-related transition - thus, the same 18 perturbation impacted behavior or not, depending on the transition latency in that partic- 19 ular trial. Our results suggest a distributed attractor network model of taste processing, 20 and a dynamical role for cortex in driving motor behavior. ∗[email protected] [email protected] 1 21 1 Introduction 22 One of the primary purposes of sensory processing is to drive action, such that the source 23 of sensory information is either acquired or avoided (in the process generating new sensory 24 input, Prinz(1997), Wolpert and Kawato(1998), Wolpert and Ghahramani(2000)). -
Food, Food Chemistry and Gustatory Sense
Food, Food Chemistry and Gustatory Sense COOH N H María González Esguevillas MacMillan Group Meeting May 12th, 2020 Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food any nourishing substance eaten or drunk to sustain life, provide energy and promote growth any substance containing nutrients that can be ingested by a living organism and metabolized into energy and body tissue country social act culture age pleasure election It is fundamental for our life Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food any nourishing substance eaten or drunk to sustain life, provide energy and promote growth any substance containing nutrients that can be ingested by a living organism and metabolized into energy and body tissue OH O HO O O HO OH O O O limonin OH O O orange taste HO O O O 5-caffeoylquinic acid Coffee taste OH H iPr N O Me O O 2-decanal Capsaicinoids Coriander taste Chilli burning sensation Astray, G. EJEAFChe. 2007, 6, 1742-1763 Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food Chemistry the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods biological substances areas food processing techniques de Man, J. M. Principles of Food Chemistry 1999, Springer Science Fennema, O. R. Food Chemistry. 1985, 2nd edition New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc Food and Food Chemistry Introduction Concepts Food Chemistry the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods biological substances areas food processing techniques carbo- hydrates water minerals lipids flavors vitamins protein food enzymes colors additive Fennema, O. R. Food Chemistry. -
An Illustrated Guide to Human Neuroematomy
f:N-i,4I}TIA I APPENDIX INTRODUCTION SURFACEANATOMY OF THE BRAIN An Illustrated THE LATERALSURFACE OFTHE BRAIN /o) CrossFeotures Guide to Human (b) SelectedGyri,Sulci, ond Fissures Neuroematomy (c) CerebrolLobes ond the Insulo (d) Mojor Sensory,Motor, ond AssociotionAreos of Cortex THE MEDIALSURFACE OF THE BRAIN FT & (o) BroinStem Structures (b) ForebroinStructures (c) Ventricles THEVENTRALSURFACE OF THE BRAIN THE DORSALSURFACE OFTHE BRAIN (o) Cerebrum (b) CerebrumRernoved (c) Cerebrumond CerebellumRemoved CROSS.SECTIONALANATOMY OF THE BRAIN CROSSSECTION | : FOREBRAINAT THALAMUS-TELENCEPHALON JUNCTION (o) GrossFeotures (b) SelectedCell ond FiberGroups CROSSSECTION 2: FOREBRAINAT MID-THALAMUS (o) GrossFeotures (b) SelectedCell ond FiberGroups CROSSSECTION 3: FOREBRAINATTHALAMUS-MIDBRAIN JUNCTION (o) GrossFeotures (b) Se/eaedCell ond FiberGrouPs CROSSSECTION 4: ROSTRALMIDBRAIN CROSSSECTION 5: CAUDALMIDBRAIN CROSSSECTION 6: PONSAND CEREBELLUM CROSSSECTION 7: ROSTRALMEDULLA CROSSSECTION 8: MID-MEDULLA CROSSSECTION 9: MEDULLA-SPINALCORD JUNCTION THESPINAL CORD THE DORSALSURFACE OF THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINALNERVES THE VENTRAL-LATERAL SURFACE CROSS-SECTIONALANATOMY THEAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THECRANIAL NERVES THEBLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN VENTRALVIEW LATERALVIEW MEDTALVTEW(BRA|N STEM REMOVED) SELF.QUIZ j:' :: \) fi:; "i'- ,1,.., 206 C HAPTE R 7 . APPENDIX:ANILLUSTRATED GUIDETO HUMAN NEUROANATOMY W INTRODUCTION As we will see in the remainder of the book, a fruitful way to explore the nervous system is to divide it up into functional systems. Thus, the otfac- tlry systemconsists of those parts of the brain that are devoted to the sense of smell, the visual systemincludes those parts that are devoted to vision, and so on. while this functional approach to investigatingnervous sys- "big tem structure has many merits, it can make the picture,,-how all these systemsfit rogether inside the box we call the brain-difficult ro see. -
514414V1.Full.Pdf
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/514414; this version posted January 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Running title: Primary somatosensory cortex connections. Title: Afferent connections of the primary somatosensory cortex of the mouse for contextual and multisensory processing. Author: Ian Omer Massé PhD1, Sohen Blanchet-Godbout2, Gilles Bronchti PhD2, Denis Boire PhD2 Affiliations: details 1Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal,for 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5 DOI 2Département d’Anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, des Forges Blvd, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada, G9A 2W7 manuscript WITHDRAWNsee Number of pages: Number of figures: Number of tables: Number of equations: Total number of words: Number of words in abstract: Keywords: Cross-modal, corticocortical connections, subcortical connections, feedforward, feedback, top-down, bottom-up Corresponding author: Ian Omer Massé PhD Centre de recherche Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5 Phone: 514-338-2222 ext 7711 FAX: 514 338-2694 E-mail address: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/514414; this version posted January 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
Dissociations Between Microstructural and Functional Hierarchies Within Regions of Transmodal Cortex
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/488700; this version posted December 7, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. DISSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MICROSTRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHIES WITHIN REGIONS OF TRANSMODAL CORTEX PAQUOLA C1, VOS DE WAEL R1, WAGSTYL K2, BETHLEHEM RAI3, HONG SJ1, SEIDLITZ J4,5, BULLMORE ET5, EVANS AC1,2, MISIC B1, MARGULIES DS6, SMALLWOOD J7, BERNHARDT BC1* 1 McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2 McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 3 Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, England, United Kingdom; 4 Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; 5 Brain Mapping Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; 6 Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; 7 York Neuroimaging Center, University of York, UK SUMMARY While the role of cortical microstructure in organising neural function is well established, it remains unclear how structural constraints can give rise to more flexible elements of cognition. While non- human primate research has demonstrated a close structure-function correspondence, the relationship between microstructure and function remains poorly understood in humans, in part because of the reliance on post mortem analyses which cannot be directly related to functional data. To overcome this barrier, we developed a novel approach to model the similarity of microstructural profiles sampled in the direction of cortical columns. -
Function of Cerebral Cortex
FUNCTION OF CEREBRAL CORTEX Course: Neuropsychology CC-6 (M.A PSYCHOLOGY SEM II); Unit I By Dr. Priyanka Kumari Assistant Professor Institute of Psychological Research and Service Patna University Contact No.7654991023; E-mail- [email protected] The cerebral cortex—the thin outer covering of the brain-is the part of the brain responsible for our ability to reason, plan, remember, and imagine. Cerebral Cortex accounts for our impressive capacity to process and transform information. The cerebral cortex is only about one-eighth of an inch thick, but it contains billions of neurons, each connected to thousands of others. The predominance of cell bodies gives the cortex a brownish gray colour. Because of its appearance, the cortex is often referred to as gray matter. Beneath the cortex are myelin-sheathed axons connecting the neurons of the cortex with those of other parts of the brain. The large concentrations of myelin make this tissue look whitish and opaque, and hence it is often referred to as white matter. The cortex is divided into two nearly symmetrical halves, the cerebral hemispheres . Thus, many of the structures of the cerebral cortex appear in both the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The two hemispheres appear to be somewhat specialized in the functions they perform. The cerebral hemispheres are folded into many ridges and grooves, which greatly increase their surface area. Each hemisphere is usually described, on the basis of the largest of these grooves or fissures, as being divided into four distinct regions or lobes. The four lobes are: • Frontal, • Parietal, • Occipital, and • Temporal. -
Neurogenetic Profiles Delineate Large-Scale Connectivity Dynamics
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06346-3 OPEN Neurogenetic profiles delineate large-scale connectivity dynamics of the human brain Ibai Diez1,2 & Jorge Sepulcre1,3 Experimental and modeling work of neural activity has described recurrent and attractor dynamic patterns in cerebral microcircuits. However, it is still poorly understood whether similar dynamic principles exist or can be generalizable to the large-scale level. Here, we 1234567890():,; applied dynamic graph theory-based analyses to evaluate the dynamic streams of whole- brain functional connectivity over time across cognitive states. Dynamic connectivity in local networks is located in attentional areas during tasks and primary sensory areas during rest states, and dynamic connectivity in distributed networks converges in the default mode network (DMN) in both task and rest states. Importantly, we find that distinctive dynamic connectivity patterns are spatially associated with Allen Human Brain Atlas genetic tran- scription levels of synaptic long-term potentiation and long-term depression-related genes. Our findings support the neurobiological basis of large-scale attractor-like dynamics in the heteromodal cortex within the DMN, irrespective of cognitive state. 1 Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114 MA, USA. 2 Neurotechnology Laboratory, Health Department, Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Derio 48160, Spain. 3 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, -
Identification of Human Gustatory Cortex by Activation Likelihood Estimation
r Human Brain Mapping 32:2256–2266 (2011) r Identification of Human Gustatory Cortex by Activation Likelihood Estimation Maria G. Veldhuizen,1,2 Jessica Albrecht,3 Christina Zelano,4 Sanne Boesveldt,3 Paul Breslin,3,5 and Johan N. Lundstro¨m3,6,7* 1Affective Sensory Neuroscience, John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut 2Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 3Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 4Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 5Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey 6Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 7Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden r r Abstract: Over the last two decades, neuroimaging methods have identified a variety of taste-responsive brain regions. Their precise location, however, remains in dispute. For example, taste stimulation activates areas throughout the insula and overlying operculum, but identification of subregions has been inconsistent. Furthermore, literature reviews and summaries of gustatory brain activations tend to reiterate rather than resolve this ambiguity. Here, we used a new meta-analytic method [activation likelihood estimation (ALE)] to obtain a probability map of the location of gustatory brain activation across 15 studies. The map of activa- tion likelihood values can also serve as a source of independent coordinates for future region-of-interest anal- yses. We observed significant cortical activation probabilities in: bilateral anterior insula and overlying frontal operculum, bilateral mid dorsal insula and overlying Rolandic operculum, and bilateral posterior insula/parietal operculum/postcentral gyrus, left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), right medial OFC, pre- genual anterior cingulate cortex (prACC) and right mediodorsal thalamus. -
Taste Quality Representation in the Human Brain
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/726711; this version posted August 6, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. bioRxiv (2019) Taste quality representation in the human brain Jason A. Avery?, Alexander G. Liu, John E. Ingeholm, Cameron D. Riddell, Stephen J. Gotts, and Alex Martin Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States 20892 Submitted Online August 5, 2019 SUMMARY In the mammalian brain, the insula is the primary cortical substrate involved in the percep- tion of taste. Recent imaging studies in rodents have identified a gustotopic organization in the insula, whereby distinct insula regions are selectively responsive to one of the five basic tastes. However, numerous studies in monkeys have reported that gustatory cortical neurons are broadly-tuned to multiple tastes, and tastes are not represented in discrete spatial locations. Neu- roimaging studies in humans have thus far been unable to discern between these two models, though this may be due to the relatively low spatial resolution employed in taste studies to date. In the present study, we examined the spatial representation of taste within the human brain us- ing ultra-high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at high magnetic field strength (7-Tesla). During scanning, participants tasted sweet, salty, sour and tasteless liquids, delivered via a custom-built MRI-compatible tastant-delivery system. Our univariate analyses revealed that all tastes (vs. tasteless) activated primary taste cortex within the bilateral dorsal mid-insula, but no brain region exhibited a consistent preference for any individual taste. -
Decoding the Sound of Hand-Object Interactions in Primary Somatosensory Cortex
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/732669; this version posted August 13, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Decoding hand-object sounds in primary somatosensory cortex Decoding the sound of hand-object interactions in primary somatosensory cortex Kerri M Bailey1, Bruno L Giordano2, Amanda L Kaas3, and Fraser W Smith1 1School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK 2Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS and Aix Marseille Université 3Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Correspondence should be addressed to FWS (e-mail: [email protected] ). School of Psychology Lawrence Stenhouse Building University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK Telephone: +44 (0)1603 591676 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/732669; this version posted August 13, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Decoding hand-object sounds in primary somatosensory cortex Abstract Neurons, even in earliest sensory regions of cortex, are subject to a great deal of contextual influences from both within and across modality connections. Recently we have shown that cross-modal connections from vision to primary somatosensory cortex (SI) transmit content- specific information about familiar visual object categories. -
Distinct Representations of Basic Taste Qualities in Human Gustatory Cortex
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08857-z OPEN Distinct representations of basic taste qualities in human gustatory cortex Junichi Chikazoe1,2, Daniel H. Lee3, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte4 & Adam K. Anderson2 The mammalian tongue contains gustatory receptors tuned to basic taste types, providing an evolutionarily old hedonic compass for what and what not to ingest. Although representation of these distinct taste types is a defining feature of primary gustatory cortex in other animals, fi 1234567890():,; their identi cation has remained elusive in humans, leaving the demarcation of human gustatory cortex unclear. Here we used distributed multivoxel activity patterns to identify regions with patterns of activity differentially sensitive to sweet, salty, bitter, and sour taste qualities. These were found in the insula and overlying operculum, with regions in the anterior and middle insula discriminating all tastes and representing their combinatorial coding. These findings replicated at super-high 7 T field strength using different compounds of sweet and bitter taste types, suggesting taste sensation specificity rather than chemical or receptor specificity. Our results provide evidence of the human gustatory cortex in the insula. 1 Section of Brain Function Information, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 4448585, Japan. 2 Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA. 3 Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. 4 Department -
Impaired Effective Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Network in Interictal Episodic Migraineurs Without Aura
Impaired Effective Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Network in Interictal Episodic Migraineurs Without Aura Heng-Le Wei Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Jing Chen Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Yu-Chen Chen Nanjing First Hospital Yu-Sheng Yu Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Xi Guo Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Gang-Ping Zhou Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Qing-Qing Zhou Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Zhen-Zhen He Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Lian Yang Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Xindao Yin Nanjing First Hospital Junrong Li Nanjing Jiangning Hospital Hong Zhang ( [email protected] ) Jiangning Hospital Research article Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, migraine, sensorimotor network, effective functional connectivity Posted Date: July 2nd, 2020 Page 1/19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-39331/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on September 14th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01176-5. Page 2/19 Abstract Background: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) has conrmed sensorimotor network (SMN) dysfunction in migraine without aura (MwoA). However, the underlying mechanisms of SMN causal functional connectivity in MwoA remain unclear. We aimed to explore the association between clinical characteristics and effective functional connectivity in SMN, in interictal patients who have MwoA. Methods: We used Rs-fMRI to acquire imaging data in forty episodic patients with MwoA in the interictal phase and thirty-four healthy controls (HCs). Independent component analysis was used to prole the distribution of SMN and calculate the different SMN activity between the two groups.