DOCSLIB.ORG

Embryology of Koeberlinia (Koeberliniaceae): Evidence for Core-Brassicalean Affinities Author(S): Hiroshi Tobe and Peter H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Embryology of Koeberlinia (Koeberliniaceae): Evidence for Core-Brassicalean Affinities Author(S): Hiroshi Tobe and Peter H Embryology of Koeberlinia (Koeberliniaceae): Evidence for core-Brassicalean affinities Author(s): Hiroshi Tobe and Peter H. Raven Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 95, No. 11 (November 2008), pp. 1475-1486 Published by: Wiley Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41922997 Accessed: 06-07-2021 08:55 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41922997?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Wiley is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany This content downloaded from 86.59.13.237 on Tue, 06 Jul 2021 08:55:17 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms American Journal of Botany 95(1 1): 1475-1486. 2008. Embryology of Koeberlinia (Koeberliniaceae): Evidence for core-Brassic alean affinities1 Hiroshi Tobe24 and Peter H. Raven3 department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; and 3Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 USA Koeberlinia , comprising a single xerophytic species K spinosa , had previously been placed in various families, mainly Cap- paraceae. Current molecular evidence now places it in its own family Koeberliniaceae, thought to be related to the Bataceae/Sal- vadoraceae among the 17 other families of the Brassicales. We investigated 55 embryological characters of the genus, most of which are not understood yet, and thereby assessed its systematic relationships. Koeberlinia has many embryological features in common with the Capparaceae and seven other core-Brassicalean families (i.e., Brassicaceae, Cleomaceae, Emblingiaceae, Gy- rostemonaceae, Pentadiplandraceae, Resedaceae, and Tovariaceae), specifically by possessing a campylotropous ovule with a nonmultiplicative (two-cell-layered) outer integument, reniform seeds with a curved embryo, and a fibrous exotegmen in the ma- ture seed coat. However, Koeberlinia is clearly distinguished from them by a tenuinucellate rather than crassinucellate ovule as previously reported, markedly enlarged apical nucellar epidermal cells, and an "exotestal" seed coat. Embryologically, Koeber- linia resembles neither the Bataceae nor the Salvadoraceae, although only limited embryological data are available for these two families. Embryological evidence thus favors its joining the core Brassicales, but additional molecular analyses and embryological studies on the missing data of the Bataceae and Salvadoraceae are needed for final confirmation of its phylogenetic position. Key words: Brassicales; embryology; Koeberlinia ; Koeberliniaceae; ovule; seed. Koeberlinia , a genus consisting of the single leafless sificationxero- (Haston et al., 2007; see also APG website [Stevens, phytic species K. spinosa Zucc., occurs in the southwestern 2001 onward]). United States and adjacent Mexico (Airy Shaw, 1973). In The the purpose of this paper is to embryologically character- past, it had been assigned to various families: e.g., Pittospo- ize Koeberlinia by examining the development of the anther, raceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, and Capparaceae (for review, ovule, and seed. These characters will be used to demonstrate see Mehta and Moseley, 1981). Importantly, Koeberlinia the, like embryological similarities or dissimilarities compared to the Capparaceae and related families, was shown to have the my- other families of the Brassicales, particularly the Cappar- rosin cells (Gibson, 1979), a feature formerly thought to aceae, occur Bataceae, and Salvadoraceae, within an overall frame- only in taxa producing glucosinolates. In the 1980s, despitework of phylogenetic relationships. Several embryological Koeberlinia not producing glucosinolates unlike other mem- features of Koeberlinia have been reported by Mehta and bers of the Capparaceae, a general agreement held that the Moseley two (1981: table 2), including a multinucleate anther ta- were closely related; alternatively, Koeberlinia was regarded petum, as a fibrous endothecium, two-celled pollen grains at the a rather isolated or aberrant genus (often a distinct subfamily time or of shedding, anatropous and crassinucellate ovules with tribe) in that family (Cronquist, 1981, 1988; Dahlgren, 1983;a zigzag micropyle formed by both integuments, and a linear Thorne 1983, 1992; Takhtajan, 1986, 1987) or in its own familytetrad of megaspores. However, many other features, particu- Koeberliniaceae near the Capparaceae (Mehta and Moseley, larly of the seeds and seed coats that are of critical importance 1981). On the basis of morphological or molecular analyses, in considering relationships with other Brassicalean families Rodman (1991) and Rodman et al. (1993, 1996, 1998) accepted (see Tobe and Raven, 1991) are reported here for the first Koeberlinia as belonging to the distinct family Koeberliniaceae time. Additionally, several corrections to the previous data are in the order Brassicales ("Capparales sensu lato"), suggesting reported here including the following: the number of nuclei in its sister-group relationship with Bataceae + Salvadoraceae a tapetai in a cell is two rather than multinucleate, the orientation position just outside of the core Brassicales (Brassicaceae, of the mature ovule is campylotropous rather than anatropous, Capparaceae, Cleomaceae, Emblingiaceae, Gyrostemonaceae, and the structure of the nucellus is tenuinucellate rather than Pentadiplandraceae, Resedaceae, and Tovariaceae) (see crassinucellate. also Hall et al., 2004; Ronse de Craene and Haston, 2006; Fig. 1). The family Koeberliniaceae has now been adopted by the APG MATERIALS AND METHODS II (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, 2003) and post APG II clas- Flower buds and fruits of Koeberlinia spinosa in various stages of devel- opment were collected from several localities in Arizona and Texas in the 1 Manuscript received 28 June 2008; revision accepted 25 August 2008. United States (vouchers: Baker 7745 at the herbarium of Arizona State Uni- The authors thank M. Baker, E. Joyal, L. R. Landrum, B. Parffit, versityand A. [= ASU], Landrum and Parfitt 6228 [ASU], Powell 5571 at the her- M. Powell for collecting the fixed materials used in this study. The barium study of Sul Ross State University). They were fixed in FAA (five parts was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the stock Japan formalin; five parts glacial acetic acid; 90 parts 50% ethanol). Flower Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 18370036) and by the buds Global and seeds were dehydrated through a /-butyl alcohol series, and then COE Program A06 to Kyoto University. embedded in Paraplast with a melting point (mp) of 57-58°C for sectioning. 4 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Serial sections cut to a thickness of 8-10 |im were stained with Heidenhain' s hematoxylin, safranin, and fast-green FCF, and mounted in Entellan (Merck, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800218 Darmstadt, Germany). Paraffin-embedded seeds were softened by a mixture 1475 This content downloaded from 86.59.13.237 on Tue, 06 Jul 2021 08:55:17 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 1476 American Journal of Botany [Vol. 95 Meiosis in a microspore mother cell is accompanied by si- multaneous cytokinesis (Fig. 2E), and the resultant microspore tetrads are predominantly tetrahedral. Pollen grains are two- celled at the time they are shed (Fig. 2G) as reported by Mehta and Moseley (1981: table 2). Integuments - The ovule is bitegmic (Figs. 3A, I, 4A, B), as reported by Mehta and Moseley (1981: Table 2). Both the inner and the outer integument are derived from dermal cells of the nucellus (Fig. 3A) and initially have two cell layers. The inner cell layer of the inner integument undergoes periclinal division, resulting in a three-cell-layered inner integument. The outer in- tegument remains two-cell-layered throughout ovule develop- ment. The micropyle is formed by both the inner and the outer integument, as shown by Mehta and Moseley (1981: table 2). Neither the inner integument nor the outer integument has vas- cular bundles. Megagametophyte and nucellus - The archesporium is three- to six-celled, differentiating beneath the apical dermal layer of the nucellus (Fig. 3A). The archesporial cells enlarge and dif- ferentiate directly into megaspore mother cells (Fig. 3B). The ovule is therefore tenuinucellate, not crassinucellate as reported by Mehta and Moseley (1981: table 2). It is always the case, however, that only one megaspore mother cell undergoes mei- otic division and gives rise to a dyad (Fig. 3C) and finally a linear tetrad (rarely triad) of megaspores. In the megaspore tetrad, the chalazal megaspore is functional, while the three upper me- gaspores degenerate (Fig. 3D). A functional megaspore develops successively into a two- (Fig. 3E), four- (Fig. 3F), and eight-nu- cleate embryo sac (Fig. 3G, H). Therefore, the mode of embryo Fig. 1 . Phylogenetic tree sac formationof the is of the Brassicales, Polygonum type. Three antipodal indicating cells are a position
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument
    Schmidt, Drost, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2006-1163 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2006-1163 November 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument By Cecilia A. Schmidt, Charles A. Drost, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2006-1163 November, 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Note: This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use in the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is NOT intended for use in open literature prior to publication by the investigators named unless permission is obtained in writing from the investigators named and from the Station Leader. Suggested Citation Schmidt, C. A., C. A. Drost, and W. L. Halvorson 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1163.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2012 Number 1
    Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
    [Show full text]
  • Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service
    Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Daniel G. Milchunas General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-169 April 2006 Milchunas, Daniel G. 2006. Responses of plant communities to grazing in the southwestern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-169. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 126 p. Abstract Grazing by wild and domestic mammals can have small to large effects on plant communities, depend- ing on characteristics of the particular community and of the type and intensity of grazing. The broad objective of this report was to extensively review literature on the effects of grazing on 25 plant commu- nities of the southwestern U.S. in terms of plant species composition, aboveground primary productiv- ity, and root and soil attributes. Livestock grazing management and grazing systems are assessed, as are effects of small and large native mammals and feral species, when data are available. Emphasis is placed on the evolutionary history of grazing and productivity of the particular communities as deter- minants of response. After reviewing available studies for each community type, we compare changes in species composition with grazing among community types. Comparisons are also made between southwestern communities with a relatively short history of grazing and communities of the adjacent Great Plains with a long evolutionary history of grazing. Evidence for grazing as a factor in shifts from grasslands to shrublands is considered. An appendix outlines a new community classification system, which is followed in describing grazing impacts in prior sections.
    [Show full text]
  • Teague M. Embrey, Joslyn Curtis, Shannon E. Henke, Karin J
    THIRTY NEW LOCALITIES FOR ERIOGONUM JONESII Teague M. Embrey, Joslyn Curtis, Shannon E. Henke, Karin J. Edwards, Kathryn A. Prengaman, Sarah M. Schmid, and Scott R. Abella Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-3064 This study was supported by a grant from the University of Arizona Herbarium who awarded this project through Endangered Species Act Section 6 funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It allowed us the opportunity to survey for the rare plant Eriogonum jonesii S. Watson. We here list thirty new localities (Table 1) and show them on a map in Figure 1, along with four previously known localities. Table 1. Location and descriptions of Eriogonum jonesii sites. Number Site Latitude Longitude of Plants Association* Geology k002 35.906372 -113.932915 25–100 Colram Sandstone k005 35.905757 -113.949709 25–100 Yucbre/Colram Sandstone k006 35.907270 -113.948802 100+ Pinmon-Yucbre/Colram Limestone k008 35.910642 -113.947143 25–100 Colram Limestone k009 35.911915 -113.948143 100+ Pinmon/Erijon/Muhpor Obscured k013 35.920640 -113.917621 100+ Junost Obscured k015 35.909009 -113.929635 100+ Pinmon-Junost/Aripur Limestone k019 35.920913 -113.938472 100+ Colram-mixed shrub Limestone s2 36.540992 -113.742610 25–100 Yucbre/Colram Sandstone s02 36.559245 -113.766156 100+ Colram/Brorub Sandstone s03 36.512562 -113.662818 100+ Encvir-Gutsar/Brorub Sandstone s04 36.498327 -113.660634 100+ Pinmon-Junost/Gutsar Sandstone s05 36.479740 -113.674438 100+ Arttri Limestone s06 36.456590 -113.787906 100+ Gutsar-Erijon/Brorub Limestone s07 36.454586 -113.787440 25–100 Colram-Gutsar Limestone t002 35.910921 -113.975536 100+ Colram-Gutsar Limestone t004 35.902869 -113.976065 200+ Yucbac-Nolmic-Gutsar Sandstone Thirty new localities for Eriogonum jonesii.
    [Show full text]
  • LANDFIRE Biophysical Setting Model Biophysical Setting 1510910 Sonoran Mid-Elevation Desert Scrub
    LANDFIRE Biophysical Setting Model Biophysical Setting 1510910 Sonoran Mid-Elevation Desert Scrub This BPS is lumped with: This BPS is split into multiple models: General Information Contributors (also see the Comments field) Date 10/18/2005 Modeler 1 Mike Babler [email protected] Reviewer Modeler 2 Keith Schulz keith_schulz@natureserve Reviewer .org Modeler 3 Reviewer Vegetation Type Dominant Species Map Zone Model Zone EFRA2 Upland Shrubland 15 Alaska Northern Plains ERLI6 California N-Cent.Rockies General Model Sources ISTE2 Great Basin Pacific Northwest Literature CAHO3 Great Lakes South Central Local Data GUTIE Hawaii Southeast Expert Estimate SICH Northeast S. Appalachians LATR2 Southwest Geographic Range The northern edge of the Sonoran Desert in an elevational band along the lower slopes of the Mogollon Rim/Central Highlands region. Also in the Bradshaw, Hualapai and Superstition mountains. Biophysical Site Description Between 750-1300m. Sites range from a narrow strip on steep slopes to very broad areas such as the Verde Valley. Climate is too dry for chaparral species to be abundant, and freezing temperatures during winter are too frequent and prolonged for many of the frost-sensitive species that are characteristic of Sonoran Paloverde-Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub. Substrates are generally rocky soils derived from parent materials such as limestone, granitic rocks or rhyolite. Vegetation Description The vegetation is typically composed of an open shrub layer of Larrea tridentata, Ericameria linearifolia or Eriogonum fasciculatum with taller shrub such as Canotia holacantha (limestone or granite) or Simmondsia chinensis (rhyolite). The herbaceous layer is generally sparse. Disturbance Description Fire is unusual in this BpS. Adjacency or Identification Concerns Above Sonoran Paloverde-Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub (CES302.761) and below Mogollon Chaparral (CES302.741) in elevation.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Approved Plants
    APPENDIX "X" – PLANT LISTS Appendix "X" Contains Three (3) Plant Lists: X.1. List of Approved Indigenous Plants Allowed in any Landscape Zone. X.2. List of Approved Non-Indigenous Plants Allowed ONLY in the Private Zone or Semi-Private Zone. X.3. List of Prohibited Plants Prohibited for any location on a residential Lot. X.1. LIST OF APPROVED INDIGENOUS PLANTS. Approved Indigenous Plants may be used in any of the Landscape Zones on a residential lot. ONLY approved indigenous plants may be used in the Native Zone and the Revegetation Zone for those landscape areas located beyond the perimeter footprint of the home and site walls. The density, ratios, and mix of any added indigenous plant material should approximate those found in the general area of the native undisturbed desert. Refer to Section 8.4 and 8.5 of the Design Guidelines for an explanation and illustration of the Native Zone and the Revegetation Zone. For clarity, Approved Indigenous Plants are considered those plant species that are specifically indigenous and native to Desert Mountain. While there may be several other plants that are native to the upper Sonoran Desert, this list is specific to indigenous and native plants within Desert Mountain. X.1.1. Indigenous Trees: COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME Blue Palo Verde Parkinsonia florida Crucifixion Thorn Canotia holacantha Desert Hackberry Celtis pallida Desert Willow / Desert Catalpa Chilopsis linearis Foothills Palo Verde Parkinsonia microphylla Net Leaf Hackberry Celtis reticulata One-Seed Juniper Juniperus monosperma Velvet Mesquite / Native Mesquite Prosopis velutina (juliflora) X.1.2. Indigenous Shrubs: COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME Anderson Thornbush Lycium andersonii Barberry Berberis haematocarpa Bear Grass Nolina microcarpa Brittle Bush Encelia farinosa Page X - 1 Approved - February 24, 2020 Appendix X Landscape Guidelines Bursage + Ambrosia deltoidea + Canyon Ragweed Ambrosia ambrosioides Catclaw Acacia / Wait-a-Minute Bush Acacia greggii / Senegalia greggii Catclaw Mimosa Mimosa aculeaticarpa var.
    [Show full text]
  • 480/965-6162 [email protected]
    Elizabeth Makings 3931 E. Carson Road Phoenix, Arizona 85042 Cell: 623/692-4405 Work: 480/965-6162 [email protected] Professional interests: I am a botanist with expertise in Southwestern floristics. I am particularly interested in the diversity, distribution, and evolutionary history of plants and applying this knowledge toward teaching, conservation, and outreach. Appointments 2004-present, Vascular Plant Herbarium Collections Manager, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University 2004-2010, Botanist, Terrestrial Ecological Unit Inventory, Southwestern Region 3, United States Forest Service Education M.S., Plant Biology, Arizona State University, 2003. Thesis: Flora and Vegetation of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Cochise County, Arizona. B.A., Environmental, Population, and Organismal Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 1988. Courses that I teach “Flora of Arizona” “Sonoran Desert Field Botany” “Grasses of Arizona” Authored books Brown, D.E. and E. Makings. 2014. Grasslands of North America. Desert Plants Vol. 29(2):160 pp. Selected Journal articles Stromberg, J. C., E. Makings, D. E. Brown, and D. Wolkis. In press. Conservation of the cienega endemic, Eryngium sparganophyllum Hemsl. (Apiaceae). Southwestern Naturalist. Makings, E., E., T. R. Van Devender, A. L. Reina-Guerrero, and S. F. Hale. 2018. A Preliminary Flora of the Sierra Juriquipa, Sonora, Mexico. Arizona Native Plant Society: The Plant Press 41(2): 33-40. Makings, E., J. P. Solves. 2018. Solanaceae Part Six: Nicotiana L. Tobacco. Makings, E. 2018. In Memoriam: Donald J. Pinkava (29 August 1933–25 July 2017). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 12(1): 377-385. McNair, D. M., J. Fox, R.
    [Show full text]
  • First Steps Towards a Floral Structural Characterization of the Major Rosid Subclades
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 First steps towards a floral structural characterization of the major rosid subclades Endress, P K ; Matthews, M L Abstract: A survey of our own comparative studies on several larger clades of rosids and over 1400 original publications on rosid flowers shows that floral structural features support to various degrees the supraordinal relationships in rosids proposed by molecular phylogenetic studies. However, as many apparent relationships are not yet well resolved, the structural support also remains tentative. Some of the features that turned out to be of interest in the present study had not previously been considered in earlier supraordinal studies. The strongest floral structural support is for malvids (Brassicales, Malvales, Sapindales), which reflects the strong support of phylogenetic analyses. Somewhat less structurally supported are the COM (Celastrales, Oxalidales, Malpighiales) and the nitrogen-fixing (Cucurbitales, Fagales, Fabales, Rosales) clades of fabids, which are both also only weakly supported in phylogenetic analyses. The sister pairs, Cucurbitales plus Fagales, and Malvales plus Sapindales, are structurally only weakly supported, and for the entire fabids there is no clear support by the present floral structural data. However, an additional grouping, the COM clade plus malvids, shares some interesting features but does not appear as a clade in phylogenetic analyses. Thus it appears that the deepest split within eurosids- that between fabids and malvids - in molecular phylogenetic analyses (however weakly supported) is not matched by the present structural data. Features of ovules including thickness of integuments, thickness of nucellus, and degree of ovular curvature, appear to be especially interesting for higher level relationships and should be further explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Noteworthy Distributions and Additions in Southwestern Convolvulaceae
    NOTEWORTHY DISTRIBUTIONS AND ADDITIONS IN SOUTHWESTERN CONVOLVULACEAE Daniel F. Austin Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Tucson, AZ 85734 [email protected] ABSTRACT Since 1998 when the Convolvulaceae was published for the Vascular Plants of Arizona, Calystegia sepium ssp. angulata Brummitt and Convolvulus simuans L. M. Perry have been added to the flora and another species, Jacquemontia agrestis (Choisy) Meisner, has been located that had not been found since 1945. Descriptions, keys, and discussions of these are given to place them in the flora. Additionally, these and Dichondra argentea Willdenow, D. brachypoda Wooton & Standley, D. sericea Swartz, Ipomoea aristolochiifolia (Kunth) G. Don, I. cardiophylla A. Gray, I. ×leucantha Jacquin, and I. thurberi A. Gray, with new noteworthy distributions records in the region, are discussed and mapped. All taxa documented by recent collections are illustrated to facilitate identification. DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND ADDITIONS TO THE ARIZONA FLORA Three notable disjunct records have been discovered within Arizona since the treatment of the Convolvulaceae was published for the state (Austin 1998a), Calystegia sepium ssp. angulata Brummitt, Convolvulus simulans L.M. Perry and Jacquemontia agrestis (Choisy) Meisner. Additionally, Ipomoea aristolochiifolia (Kunth) G. Don has been found just south of the border in Mexico. All of these are significant disjunctions in the family, but there are others that have been documented for years and little discussed. Although these are not the only disjunctions within the Convolvulaceae in the region, they are representative of floristic patterns in this and other families. The following discussion updates the known status of the Convolvulaceae in Arizona and compares several species to the floras from which they were derived.
    [Show full text]
  • Phoenix AMA LWUPL
    Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Official Regulatory List for the Phoenix Active Management Area Fourth Management Plan Arizona Department of Water Resources 1110 West Washington St. Ste. 310 Phoenix, AZ 85007 www.azwater.gov 602-771-8585 Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Acknowledgements The Phoenix AMA list was prepared in 2004 by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) in cooperation with the Landscape Technical Advisory Committee of the Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, comprised of experts from the Desert Botanical Garden, the Arizona Department of Transporation and various municipal, nursery and landscape specialists. ADWR extends its gratitude to the following members of the Plant List Advisory Committee for their generous contribution of time and expertise: Rita Jo Anthony, Wild Seed Judy Mielke, Logan Simpson Design John Augustine, Desert Tree Farm Terry Mikel, U of A Cooperative Extension Robyn Baker, City of Scottsdale Jo Miller, City of Glendale Louisa Ballard, ASU Arboritum Ron Moody, Dixileta Gardens Mike Barry, City of Chandler Ed Mulrean, Arid Zone Trees Richard Bond, City of Tempe Kent Newland, City of Phoenix Donna Difrancesco, City of Mesa Steve Priebe, City of Phornix Joe Ewan, Arizona State University Janet Rademacher, Mountain States Nursery Judy Gausman, AZ Landscape Contractors Assn. Rick Templeton, City of Phoenix Glenn Fahringer, Earth Care Cathy Rymer, Town of Gilbert Cheryl Goar, Arizona Nurssery Assn. Jeff Sargent, City of Peoria Mary Irish, Garden writer Mark Schalliol, ADOT Matt Johnson, U of A Desert Legum Christy Ten Eyck, Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Jeff Lee, City of Mesa Gordon Wahl, ADWR Kirti Mathura, Desert Botanical Garden Karen Young, Town of Gilbert Cover Photo: Blooming Teddy bear cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii) at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monutment.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwestern Trees
    I SOUTHWESTERN TREES A Guide to the Native Species of New Mexico and Arizona Agriculture Handbook No. 9 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service SOUTHWESTERN TREES A Guide to the Native Species of New Mexico and Arizona By ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR., Forester (Dendrology) FOREST SERVICE Agriculture Handbook No. 9 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DECEMBER 1950 Reviewed and approved for reprinting August 1968 For sale by the Superintendent oí Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - CONTENTS Page Page Introduction . 1 Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) . 76 Vegetation of New Mexico and Cashew family (Anacardiaceae) . 78 Arizona 4 Bittersweet family (Celastraceae) 79 Forests of New Mexico and Arizona 9 Maple family (Aceraceae) .... 80 How to use this handbook 10 Soapberry family (Sapindaceae) . 82 Pine family (Pinaceae) .-..,.. 10 Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) . 83 Palm family (Palmae) 24 Sterculla family (Sterculiaceae) . 86 Lily family (Liliaceae) 26 Tamarisk family (Tamaricaceae) . 86 Willow family (Salicaceae) .... 31 Allthorn family (Koeberliniaceae) 88 Walnut family (Juglandaceae) . 42 Cactus family (Cactaceae) .... 88 Birch family (Betulaceae) .... 44 Dogwood family (Cornaceae) . , 95 Beech family (Fagaceae) .... 46 Heath family (Ericaceae) .... 96 Elm family (Ulmaceae) 53 Sapote family (Sapotaceae) ... 97 Mulberry family (Moraceae) ... 54 Olive family (Oleaceae) 98 Sycamore family (Platanaceae) . 54 Nightshade family (Solanaceae) . 101 Rose family (Rosaceae) 55 Bignonia family (Bignoniaceae) . 102 Legume family (Leguminosae) . 63 Honeysuckle family (Caprifo- liaceae) 103 Rue family (Rutaceae) 73 Selected references 104 Ailanthus family (Simaroubaceae) 74 Index of common and scientific Bur sera family (Burseraceae) . 75 names 106 11 SOUTHWESTERN TREES A Guide to the Native Species of New Mexico and Arizona INTRODUCTION The Southwest, where the low, hot, barren Mexican deserts meet the lofty, cool, forested Rocky Mountains in New Mexico and Ari- zona, has an unsuspected richness of native trees.
    [Show full text]